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1 JournalofSoiland WaterConservation Vol.32No.3 Jun.,2018 GVTU]^ () IJK, LM ( > G <, ),-: + C QR ",Y 6 baw6,h2 C QR OaW? S,/6 b 2 QR " " :(1)QR b?, / Q G 56 C,QR C (2)QR b $ 2[ aw (3) ()b B [, AB C aw 156Q2 O 50% -,Q R " 6 Q b aw " M, H. M *+./0: C ;QR ; 56; 1 :S :A 56 : (2018) 犇犗犐 : /j.cnki.stbcxb 犃狀犈狓狆犾狅狉犪狋犻狅狀狅狀狋犺犲犛犻犿犻犾犪狉犻狋狔犪狀犱犃狆狆犾犻犮犪犫犻犾犻狋狔狅犳犛犻犿狌犾犪狋犲犱犚犪犻狀犳犪犾犈狓狆犲狉犻犿犲狀狋狊 KE Qihua,ZHANG Keli ( 犛犮犺狅狅犾狅犳犌犲狅犵狉犪狆犺狔, 犉犪犮狌犾狋狔狅犳犌犲狅犵狉犪狆犺犻犮犪犾犛犮犻犲狀犮犲, 犅犲犻犼犻狀犵犖狅狉犿犪犾犝狀犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔, 犅犲犻犼犻狀犵 ) 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 :Toexplorethesimilarityofthesimulatedrainfalexperiments,basedonliteraturedataandobser vationdata,thispaperanalyzedthediferencesofrunofandsoilyieldbetweenindoorsimulatedrainfal experimentsandnaturalrainfalobservationsinsitu.thefolowingresultswereobtained:(1)simulated rainfalexperimentscouldweakentheefectofrainfalonrunofandsoilyield;thesmalerintensity,precipi tationamountorerosivitywas,thelowersimilaritywastoget.(2)thechangingpaternsofrunofandsoil yieldwiththechangingslopedegreeinthesimulatedrainfalexperimentsdeviatedfromthepaternsunder naturalrainfal.(3)whiletheconditionsoftheslopeandtherainfalwereidentical,thesoilyieldfrom loessalslopinglandunderthestationarynozzle typerainulatorwasfarlessthan50percentofobservations fromnaturalrainfal.consequently,therearesomediferencesbetweensimulatedrainfalexperimentsand naturalrainfalobservations,andsimilaritymeritsfutureresearch. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 :simulatedrainfalexperiment;naturalrainfalobservation;slopeerosion;similarity ` P, 156 QS<T BS,. +2[ () 156 Q OaW B. =, E6, F,aWV 4, R M OaW +6 [1 2] [ 4,, E : + D7, D7 a 56 b<t M QS OaWV 2, 20 <30, C V OaWV, C M! () 6 *+,_R +56 D7, M _ c*+ D,; Q [3 4] -, C K F. *+V [4 5] HAB C Q5 6 *+,. C 6 M,M B *+2[ 2[: ; 2[ (),O J : :!"( , ) : (1993 ),,:)*+,,-./0156*+ E mail:qhke@mail.bnu.edu.cn : A(1962 ),,34,(),,-./0156*+ E mail:keli@bnu.edu.cn

2 3 : C QR b B + 17 [ () O aw,.cx * + * + H Young [6] b Barnet [7] 20 <60 Y O, C "_ (), C _B 156 *+,. ( ) AB Meyer P (P) [8] ` G1 ", B S R ( b ) - B,. M, H [9] b+ T [10] Y C =, " C ", - H2 C 6 4, OH "b " O C b C M *+,. C aw " * + " AB cx C *+ 6 b O aw6, C aw?, C OaW " 6 b D$, *?156QR " QR# $b BG 1 ' C 7 b OaW7 br,v b $, Db () MC C G? 1.1 DE b 5 6,Y - O C *+,/ + C 6,7 47$ a W m 2 [ $ FbO ,E, & 234N 1.2 DE 2[ H C! (), C 2* [,.! () 6 R $ _, O C < 7 + : (1)1 1R -,1 'IQ 20% G 24h,1 1.0~1.3g/cm 3 (2) R () :(a)! >? 0.5~2.5mm/min, R 犐 5! ;(b) [4 4b Q, min (3) 6 V, H22[ $ " 4, C 6 $H8 (5m) V R R, 20m 60N b 5m 40N C [11 20] C 47$ , AB ( b ) " 1.3 DE B, H2 ^M ](, P) C " 4,. 3 ] MC (1) MC b, C 7 C D4, _,. Y 56b 5 6 B 5 6 犈犐 30 B Brown [21] (1)RSE [22] * b PO (2),H & bqr 56,& : 犲犖 =0.29[l-0.72exp(-0.05 犻 )] (1) 犲犛 =(0.278 犻 )/100 C (2) : 犲犖 \ PO(MJ/(hm 2 mm)); 犲犛 C \ PO(MJ/(hm 2 mm)); 犻 4 (mm/h) Y H2b TH2 & ", 狉 (mm) 犐 ((mm/min))b Q 犘 (mm) R6 : 狉犖 =6.788 犐 犘 (3) 狉犛 = 犐 犘 C (4) : 狉犖 (mm); 狉犛 C (mm); 犐 (mm/min); 犐 30 30min (mm/min); 犘 Q(mm) 犉 b 狋 ",2 N TDS 6 (3)b (4) Q 6 ( 犐 犘 )

3 18 32,, \ O _ _ (2) MC O [23], *+ C a W " 4, M 2[ 56Q(t/hm 2 ) 20 m,g 2 [ $ 5 6 Q (t/hm 2 ) 15 $, $ B McCool [24] *, (θ 10 ) $ B Liu [25] F". 9% $ 犛,. 15,2[ $ 7 $ 2 -, 15 $(0 ~30 ) 犛 R, 15 $ (5)~ (7) 犛 =2.29sinθ+0.01 θ 5 (5) 犛 =3.59sinθ <θ<10 (6) 犛 =4.65sinθ-0.20 θ 10 (7), (1)b (2) 6 犚 2 H 0.68b 0.93 O( 20 m), 30min 犐 30b Q 犘 O 93%; C ( 5m) (), 犐 b Q 犘 O 68% OaW, C QR () AB (1)b (2)& [() 2 [ QRS Q [() 2[ C " a ", [ (1 mm/min)g Q [ (60 mm)4, Q G J, C " D/D$ K, K1$>c_ ( 1) G Q 4, C QR ; J OaW " & B [26] * (8)~ (9) 犔 =(λ/20) 犿 (8) 犿 =0.0426θ 0.69 (9) : 犛 $ ;θ $( ); 犔 ;λ a (m); 犿 6 " [ F $, - O [ 2[ $ H2 C (5 m)b (20 m)2 [, H V J Q, - H $ 1.4 2` DE H2 C " D$B -. a (%)b (%),& : a (%)= CQR - aw 100% aw (10) (%)= CQR aw 100% (11), a _B $Q C QR OaW D/D$ a <04, C " aw,?; a C, C? C J 100%, C " D$C? 2 +0/1 2.1 bc DNO TH2 1 GVbc Q V V : D P 2 _,QR " $? OaW " (),2[ $,+ >? 0.18~0.26 _ $5 (0.18) b30 (0.24),10 ~25 $ >? 0.25~0.26;, 10 ~20 Qc,20 ~30 Q c C QR (), $ 5 ~20 4 J1 b 20 ~30 4 c 1, 20 K $,5 ~20 _ O C O ( ) $ 1$ ;20 ~30 _O _ $P 2[ $ QR a P >? (82%~171%), C () $ KD/ ; a 113%, 10 b30 a (82%~83%), 20

4 3 : C QR b B + 19 $ a?(171%) aw C, $ 7 2! Y2 :bc Q 2.2 Z[ QRNO b C 56Q M 20 m b $15, M H2 Oa Wb C QR 56Q 56, +QR () 156Q 5 6 3_, 56 _R 97% 5 6 Q, QR () 56 O 56 Q 78%, C QR (), Q -, $ 17.5 (), QR 1 56Q 56 1 aw 75%, Young [6] b Barnet [7] 5 () O [ 2[ 56 J, C QR 5 6 " D/D$2, 1$>c_, 56 4, C QR 56 ";J aw ) 56 " _ m, H2 bqr () \ 56 ` 56 Q $ 56 -.P 8 b 9, $ Y 5 b 9 $ 56D$ 4_,, $ J, \ Q J,J 1$>c_ QR (), \ Q 5 ~ 20 $, 20 ~30 $, 20 K $, Q R $ MC +, QR,_ E Q, $ \ 56 : $J, J?,?$?, C \ P Ob \ 56 K [27] D \ 56 be Q D E? 56,/ C QD, C \ 56, 5 6 Q $ M 2[ $ C QR 56Q a P>? (-30%~-75%), C () 56 $ D/ ; a -63%, $ 20, $15? 3 GVZ[ Q GVZ[ : QRN@P H2 QR ",. MC, B 5 6 犈犐 30 2 [ ( 4! Y2 :Z[ Q HO Q 2.3 Z[? V, (20m) $(15 ) 1 IQbP ()MC, O 5 6 Q >? 0.006~ 0.182t/hm 2, 0.045t/hm 2 ; C QR 56Q>? 0~0.046t/hm 2, 0.017t/hm 2 ( 5) QR \ 56, 56Q OQR 38%

5 20 32," AB QR, ()b B [,156Q QRD$2 50% 5 GV]^ =GV F ' Z[? 3 + (1) C QR () b Q, ; / QG 56 4, C Q R " (2) C (), b56 $ D/ OaW, 20 K $ -, B C *+4,. < H (3)" AB C QR, ()b B [,156Q & QRD$2 50% RS : [1],,.P CQR C [J].Y,2007,27(6): [2] E,,,.P C Q R S " 7 H 8 [J]. Y, 2008,28(4):1 6. [3], B. C Q R S [J].,1990,4(1): [4],+S,. CQR S B[J].*+,2005,12(4): ,194. [5], G. C Q R b V = X * + X [J].,1989(5): [6] YoungR A,BurwelRE.Predictionofrunofandero sionfromnaturalrainfalusingarainfalsimulator[j]. SoilScienceSocietyofAmericaProceedings,1972,36 (5): [7] BarnetA P,DooleyA E.Erosionpotentialofnatural andsimulatedrainfalcompared[j].transactionsofthe ASAE,1972,15(6): [8] MeyerLD,McCuneDL.Rainfalsimulatorforrunofplots [J].AgriculturalEngineering,1958,39(10): [9]. 56 SP * +[D]. :,2012. [10] + T,8,,. 6 3QS *+[J].,2007,21(6): [11]. K b D * + [D].,!: 9 #,2006. [12].2[1 5 6 * +[D]. : 9:,2012. [13] E",,#,. 56 D? *+[J].1,2012,49(6): [14] $,, <%,. $ & D * + [J].9 : C D,2007,23 (4): [15],a, ',.2E () 2[1 56H2[J].,2013,11(4): [16], ", B. ] ' 5 6 *+[J].Y,2016,36(4): [17],,, 5,.7Be ] E 756[J].9:CD,2009,25(5): [18] (), 5, =,. O2[ P DS =, QRE *+[J].9:,2007,26(5): [19]. 1*& P $*+[D]. : C,2007. [20].2[ 56+ DS *+[D].,!: 9 #,2013. [21] BrownLC,FosterG R.Stormerosivityusingideal izedintensity distribution [J].Transactions ofthe ASAE,1987,30: [22] E, A,,-,. C *+[J]..,2013(2):5 7. [23] A,, * + O [J]. *+,2000,19(3): [24] McCoolDK,BrownLC,FosterGR,etal.Revised slopesteepnessfactorfortheuniversalsoillossequa tion [J].Transactionsofthe ASAE,1987,30(5): [25] LiuB Y,Nearing M A,RisseL M.Slopegradient efectsonsoillossforsteepslopes [J].Transactions oftheasae,1994,37(6): [26], L, &. 6 Q S * + [J].? *+,2005(4):1 6. [27] L.QR $ PO *+ [J].,1987(11):38 39.