FSD1014. Finnish Voter Barometer Codebook

Transkriptio

1 FSD1014 Finnish Voter Barometer 1987 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 c Finnish Social Science Data Archive, 2000 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish Voter Barometer 1987 [codebook]. Tampere : Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 ( ) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN University of Tampere FSD User Services: asiakaspalvelu.fsd@uta.fi Aila Data Service Portal: Finnish Social Science Data Archive Typeset by L A TEX $ Koodikirjoitin.py :57: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD1014 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive). The source must be acknowledged in any publication based wholly or in part on the data. The bibliographic citation may be in the form required by the publication, or in the form suggested by the archive. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Finnish Voter Barometer 1987 [computer file]. FSD1014, version 1.0 ( ). Gallup Finland [data collection], University of Helsinki, Department of Political Science & Gallup Finland [producers]. Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], The depositor and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data. The archive must be informed of all publications where the data have been used. The beginning of the codebook contains information on data content, structure and collection, and includes a list of publications where the data have been used. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percents (%), and valid percents (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say ) as missing data. This codebook has been produced automatically with Python, L A TEXand dvipdfm software. Source files include data description files in DDI format, and SPSS files.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 7 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurrence Variables in alphabetical order A Abbreviations of Finnish Political Parties 107 B naire in Finnish 109 i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Title of the study: Finnish Voter Barometer 1987 Title of the study in Finnish: Puolueiden ajankohtaistutkimus 1987 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 ( ) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. 1.2 Subject description Other material naire: pdf file in Finnish Authoring entity Gallup Finland Department of Political Science (University of Helsinki) Institutions mentioned in the general description of the survey series Copyright statement for the data According to an agreement between FSD and the depositor Depositor Gallup Finland 1

8 1. Study description Date of deposit Keywords elections; Finland; municipal elections; parliamentary elections; political attitudes; political behaviour; presidential elections; voting Topic Classification Classification by FSD vocabulary: political studies Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion Series description The data belong to the series: Finnish Voter Barometers The Finnish Voter Barometer surveys are commissioned by the major parties in the Parliament. In election years, other sponsors have also been involved. Up till 1988, the surveys were planned by Gallup Finland (TNS Gallup Ltd) and the Department of Political and Economic Studies at the University of Helsinki, in collaboration with the political parties. After 1988, the planning has been in the hands of Gallup Finland and the parties. From 1973 to 1990, the annual voter barometers were collected mainly with face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires, interviews/barometer. Since 1991, the data have been collected with GallupChannel (PC s installed in respondents homes). No surveys were conducted in 1985 and Survey themes include voting behaviour, opinions on the government and the parties, and attitudes towards national political issues. In addition, respondents economic expectations and political participation have often been studied, as well as their opinions on local politics, and the significance of the party leader to a party. Background variables have often included the social class of the respondent and the household head, economic activity of the household head, respondent s education, age, mother tongue, gender, party membership, political views, trade union membership, and family s annual income. There are also regional variables. Even though the variables are not always fully comparable from one survey to another, all kinds of comparisons over time are possible. The FSD collections cover data from Abstract The variables describe the following: interest in politics, left/right dimension, opinions on the 1987 parliamentary elections, the voting decision, matters that affected the voting decision, information sources which supported one s decision to vote, voting certainty, voting in the

9 1.3. Structure and collection of the data municipal elections, presidential elections, image of the parties, the preferred government coalition, significance of the party leader to a party, political action, trust in politicians, and opinions on the parties in general. Some variables are connected with the interview situation and the social structure of the sample. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Unit of analysis: Individual Universe: Finnish population aged 18 or over, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: Data collector: Gallup Finland Data producer: Gallup Finland; University of Helsinki. Department of Political Science Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1987 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 200 variables and 1161 cases. Sampling procedure: Stratified multistage sampling At first, the target population was stratified according to the number of inhabitants aged 18 or over in each province and in the second stage, by municipality group within each province. Municipalities were classified into five groups on the basis of their level of industrialisation. The stratifying frame achieved in this manner was used to count how many interviews should be done in the municipalities of each municipality group in order to have a geographically and demographically representative sample. The municipalities in the sample have been selected with the Deming zone selection method. This method is based on the use of random numbers and gives each municipality an equal chance to be selected, although municipalities with large population have a better chance to be selected. A municipality may be sampled more than once - in which case more than one starting point is drawn for that municipality. The interviews were conducted in clusters of four subjects using the starting point method. The starting points were drawn from the population register, selecting individuals born on the 5th of any month, and then selecting starting addresses among them from the sample municipalities at fixed intervals. The first interview was conducted at the starting point, after which the interviewer proceeded to the next three households. The individual chosen for the interview had to correspond to the age and sex criteria defined in the selection card. If necessary, there was one follow-up per person. Interviews were conducted in 40 cities and 61 rural municipalities. The number of respondents was 1,161. 3

10 1. Study description 1.4 Use of data Related publications Bengtsson, Åsa (2012). Väljarnas kandidatval: rörlighet och motiv. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Borg, Sami (2006). Käsitykset kansalaisuudesta ja omista vaikuttamismahdollisuuksista. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Borg, Sami & Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2002). Suuret ikäluokat ja valta. Hyvinvointikatsaus 1/2002, Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan & Sänkiaho, Risto & Wass, Hanna (2005). Kiinnittyminen politiikkaan. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Wass, Hanna (2005). Äänestysosallistuminen. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Karvonen, Lauri (2014). Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland. Politics under Fundamental Societal Transformation. Colchester. ECPR Press Meyer, Thomas (2010). Party competition over time. How voters and intra-party structure constrain party policy shifts. Mannheim: MADOC. urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc Paloheimo, Heikki (2002). Hallituksen toimintaan ja puoluejohdon taitavuuteen kohdistuva arviointi puoluekannatuksen selittäjänä. Politiikka 44(2), Paloheimo, Heikki (2003). Miten äänestäjät valitsevat puolueen? Politiikka 45(3), Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Puoluevalinnan tilannetekijät. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa. Helsinki: WSOY. Paloheimo, Heikki (2006). Asenteet poliittisia instituutioita ja toimijoita kohtaan. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Paloheimo, Heikki & Borg, Sami (2009). Eduskuntavaalit yleisödemokratian aikakaudella. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan (2005). Puoluevalinnan perusteet. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (2006). Toim. Sami Borg. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (2009). Toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki. Tampere: Tampere University Press. Wass, Hanna (2007). The effects of age, generation and period on turnout in Finland Electoral Studies 26(3),

11 1.4. Use of data Wass, Hanna (2007). The effects of age, generation and period on turnout in Finland Electoral Studies 26(3), Wass, Hanna (2008). Generations and turnout: Generational effect in electoral participation in Finland. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. Department of Political Science. Acta Politica 35. Updated list of publications in the study description at Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions The dataset is available for research, teaching and study. 5

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13 Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1161 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1161 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation

14 2. Variables [FSD_PRO] FSD processing level Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. A (see codebook) 1 B (see codebook) C (dataset have not been checked at FSD) [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1161 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q2] Respondent s own interest in politics Respondent s own interest in politics Very interested (continued on next page) 8

15 Q3_2 (cont. from previous page) Interested to some extent Not very interested Not at all interested Can t say [Q3_1] How often do you read articles about political issues in the newspapers? How often do you read articles about political issues in the newspapers? Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say [Q3_2] How often do you discuss politics with other people? How often do you discuss politics with other people? Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say

16 2. Variables [Q3_3] How often do you cooperate with other people in order to achieve improvements in local matters? How often do you cooperate with other people in order to achieve improvements in local matters? Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say [Q3_4] How often do you participate in political or election meetings? How often do you participate in political or election meetings? Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say [Q3_5] How often do you contact civil servants or politicians? How often do you contact civil servants or politicians? 10

17 Q4 Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say [Q3_6] How often do you participate in election campaign work in support of some party or candidate? How often do you participate in election campaign work in support of some party or candidate? Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say [Q4] Thinking of political orientation, where would you place yourself on a left - right axis? Thinking of political orientation, where would you place yourself on a left - right axis? Left (continued on next page) 11

18 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Right System missing (SYSMIS) [Q5] Thinking about attitudes towards society, where would you place your own values on a hard - soft scale? Thinking about attitudes towards society, where would you place your own values on a hard - soft scale? Hard values Soft values System missing (SYSMIS) [Q6_1] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign was interesting and exciting Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign was interesting and exciting Agree (continued on next page) 12

19 Q6_4 (cont. from previous page) Disagree Can t say [Q6_2] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign was too ferocious Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign was too ferocious Agree Disagree Can t say [Q6_3] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Differences between parties became clear Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Differences between parties became clear Agree Disagree Can t say [Q6_4] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign focused too much on party leaders. Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign focused too much on party leaders. 13

20 2. Variables Agree Disagree Can t say [Q6_5] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaigns of the parties were factual and informative Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaigns of the parties were factual and informative Agree Disagree Can t say [Q6_6] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaigns of the parties were evasive as far as real problems of the society were concerned Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaigns of the parties were evasive as far as real problems of the society were concerned Agree Disagree Can t say

21 Q8_2 [Q7] How clear a perception do you have of policy differencies between parties? How clear a perception do you have of policy differencies between parties? Very clear perception of differences between parties Rather clear perception of differences Not very clear perception of differences Not at all clear perception of differences Can t say [Q8_1] How often people do not vote because...: Do not remeber to go voting How often people do not vote because...: Do not remeber to go voting very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_2] How often people do not vote because...: Sickness or physical disability makes it difficult to go voting How often people do not vote because...: Sickness or physical disability makes it difficult to go voting 15

22 2. Variables very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_3] How often people do not vote because...: No suitable party or group How often people do not vote because...: No suitable party or group very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_4] How often people do not vote because...: No suitable candidate How often people do not vote because...: No suitable candidate very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_5] How often people do not vote because...: General mistrust in political parties How often people do not vote because...: General mistrust in political parties 16

23 Q8_7 very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_6] How often people do not vote because...: Can t be bothered How often people do not vote because...: Can t be bothered very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_7] How often people do not vote because...: Parties are too similar How often people do not vote because...: Parties are too similar very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say

24 2. Variables [Q8_8] How often people do not vote because...: People do not believe that a vote makes any difference How often people do not vote because...: People do not believe that a vote makes any difference very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_9] How often people do not vote because...: Not enough information on the candidates How often people do not vote because...: Not enough information on the candidates very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_10] How often people do not vote because...: Not enough information on the parties How often people do not vote because...: Not enough information on the parties 18

25 Q8_12 very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_11] How often people do not vote because...: As a protest against politics How often people do not vote because...: As a protest against politics very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_12] How often people do not vote because...: Not satisfied with the candidate they had voted earlier How often people do not vote because...: Not satisfied with the candidate they had voted earlier very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say

26 2. Variables [Q8_13] How often people do not vote because...: Not satisfied with party they had voted earlier How often people do not vote because...: Not satisfied with party they had voted earlier very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_14] How often people do not vote because...: Voting does not seem to benefit the voter How often people do not vote because...: Voting does not seem to benefit the voter very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_15] How often people do not vote because...: Not able to decide which candidate to vote for How often people do not vote because...: Not able to decide which candidate to vote for 20

27 Q10 very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q8_16] How often people do not vote because...: Not able to decide which party to vote for How often people do not vote because...: Not able to decide which party to vote for very often the reason fairly often the reason only rarely the reason Can t say [Q9] When did you make the final decision whether to vote or not? When did you make the final decision whether to vote or not? In good time before the elections A couple of weeks before or during election week On one of the election days Can t say [Q10] How many candidates did you seriously consider when deciding who to vote for? How many candidates did you seriously consider when deciding who to vote for? 21

28 2. Variables Only one candidate Many candidates, but only from one political party/group Many parties, candidate s characteristics were decisive Many candidates, but the party was decisive Can t say [Q11] When deciding who to vote for, how important was it for you that the candidate is likely to get elected? When deciding who to vote for, how important was it for you that the candidate is likely to get elected? Very important Rather important Not very important Not at all important Can t say [Q12_1] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Newspaper articles on elections How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Newspaper articles on elections Very much (continued on next page) 22

29 Q12_3 (cont. from previous page) Rather a lot Not very much None at all Can t say [Q12_2] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Periodical articles on elections How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Periodical articles on elections Very much Rather a lot Not very much None at all Can t say [Q12_3] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Radio and television election programmes of Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE) How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Radio and television election programmes of Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE) Very much Rather a lot Not very much (continued on next page) 23

30 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) None at all Can t say [Q12_4] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Local radio stations How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Local radio stations Very much Rather a lot Not very much None at all Can t say [Q12_5] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Election campaigning How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Election campaigning Very much Rather a lot Not very much None at all Can t say

31 Q12_8 [Q12_6] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Trade union How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Trade union Very much Rather a lot Not very much None at all Can t say [Q12_7] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Friends, acquaintances How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Friends, acquaintances Very much Rather a lot Not very much None at all Can t say [Q12_8] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Colleagues, fellow employees How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Colleagues, fellow employees 25

32 2. Variables Very much Rather a lot Not very much None at all Can t say [Q12_9] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Relatives How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Relatives Very much Rather a lot Not very much None at all Can t say [Q13_1] How interested were you in election advertising in newspapers? How interested were you in election advertising in newspapers? Very interested Rather interested Not very interested Not at all interested Can t say

33 Q13_4 [Q13_2] How interested were you in election posters? How interested were you in election posters? Very interested Rather interested Not very interested Not at all interested Can t say [Q13_3] How interested were you in party advertisements on the local radio? How interested were you in party advertisements on the local radio? Very interested Rather interested Not very interested Not at all interested Can t say [Q13_4] How interested were you in leaflets and brochures distributed by parties and candidates? How interested were you in leaflets and brochures distributed by parties and candidates? 27

34 2. Variables Very interested Rather interested Not very interested Not at all interested Can t say [Q14] Did you vote in the 1987 parliamentary elections? Did you vote in the 1987 parliamentary elections? Yes No System missing (SYSMIS) [Q15] When did you make your final decision which party to vote for? When did you make your final decision which party to vote for? On one of the election days Some days before the elections About a week or two before the elections About a month or two before the elections Earlier than two months before the elections Can t say System missing (SYSMIS)

35 Q18 [Q16] When did you make your final decision which candidate to vote for? When did you make your final decision which candidate to vote for? On one of the election days Some days before the elections About a week or two before the elections About a month or two before the elections Earlier than two months before the elections Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q17] When did you vote? When did you vote? Voted in advance (early voting) On the first election day On the second election day Can t remember System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18] Have you previously voted for the same candidate you are voting for now? Have you previously voted for the same candidate you are voting for now? 29

36 2. Variables Yes No No, because he has not been a candidate before Can t remember System missing (SYSMIS) [Q19_1] Would you have voted for the same candidate anyway, regardless of which party he belongs to? Would you have voted for the same candidate anyway, regardless of which party he belongs to? Definitely Probably Probably not Definitely not Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q19_2] Would you have voted for the same candidate, if he had been a member of another, politically close party? Would you have voted for the same candidate, if he had been a member of another, politically close party? Definitely Probably Probably not Definitely not Can t say (continued on next page) 30

37 Q22 (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS) [Q20] Did the candidate you voted for get elected to the Parliament? Did the candidate you voted for get elected to the Parliament? Yes No Don t know System missing (SYSMIS) [Q21] When you voted, was the party or the candidate more important to you, or did both matter equally? When you voted, was the party or the candidate more important to you, or did both matter equally? Party more important Candidate more important Both equally important Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q22] Did you vote for a male or a female? Did you vote for a male or a female? 31

38 2. Variables Male Female Do not want to say / can t remember System missing (SYSMIS) [Q23_1] The most important reason for choosing the party: Ideology The most important reason for choosing the party: Ideology Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_2] The most important reason for choosing the party: Tradition The most important reason for choosing the party: Tradition Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_3] The most important reason for choosing the party: Equality between sexes The most important reason for choosing the party: Equality between sexes 32

39 Q23_6 Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_4] The most important reason for choosing the party: Candidate an acquaintance/friend The most important reason for choosing the party: Candidate an acquaintance/friend Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_5] The most important reason for choosing the party: Party polices in real life The most important reason for choosing the party: Party polices in real life Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_6] The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of pensioners The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of pensioners 33

40 2. Variables Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_7] The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of entrepreneurs The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of entrepreneurs Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_8] The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of workers The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of workers Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_9] The most important reason for choosing the party: Beneficial for the respondent The most important reason for choosing the party: Beneficial for the respondent 34

41 Q23_12 Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_10] The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of people with low incomes The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of people with low incomes Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_11] The most important reason for choosing the party: Election promises The most important reason for choosing the party: Election promises Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_12] The most important reason for choosing the party: Language issues The most important reason for choosing the party: Language issues 35

42 2. Variables Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_13] The most important reason for choosing the party: Protest The most important reason for choosing the party: Protest Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_14] The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of families with children The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of families with children Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_15] The most important reason for choosing the party: Usually the best party The most important reason for choosing the party: Usually the best party 36

43 Q24 Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_16] The most important reason for choosing the party: Other reason The most important reason for choosing the party: Other reason Not mentioned Mentioned [Q23_17] The most important reason for choosing the party: Can t say The most important reason for choosing the party: Can t say Not mentioned Mentioned [Q24] How difficult it was for you to choose which party/group to vote for? How difficult it was for you to choose which party/group to vote for? Very difficult (continued on next page) 37

44 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Somewhat difficult Not difficult Not at all difficult Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q25] If the elections were held now, would you vote for the same party/group? If the elections were held now, would you vote for the same party/group? Certainly Probably Probably not Certainly not Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q26] Can you say why you would not vote for the same party/group? Can you say why you would not vote for the same party/group? No reason There is a reason

45 Q27_3 [Q27_1] Did the party policy on taxation influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on taxation influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_2] Did the party policy on environmental issues influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on environmental issues influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_3] Did the party policy on pension issues affect your voting? Did the party policy on pension issues affect your voting? 39

46 2. Variables Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_4] Did the party policy on families with children influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on families with children influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_5] Did the party policy on equality between sexes influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on equality between sexes influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS)

47 Q27_8 [Q27_6] Did the party policy to promote the interests of the disadvantaged influence your voting decision? Did the party policy to promote the interests of the disadvantaged influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_7] Did the party policy on moral issues influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on moral issues influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_8] Did the party policy on employment measures influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on employment measures influence your voting decision? 41

48 2. Variables Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_9] Did the performance of party representatives on television influence your voting decision? Did the performance of party representatives on television influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_10] Did the party policy on food prices influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on food prices influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS)

49 Q27_13 [Q27_11] Did the party policy on matters concerning your municipality of residence influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on matters concerning your municipality of residence influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_12] Did the party policy on nuclear issues influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on nuclear issues influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_13] Did the party s foreign policy influence your voting decision? Did the party s foreign policy influence your voting decision? 43

50 2. Variables Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_14] Did the party policy on government composition influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on government composition influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_15] Did the party ideology influence your voting decision? Did the party ideology influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS)

51 Q28_1 [Q27_16] Did the party policy on regional development influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on regional development influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q27_17] Did the party policy on science, arts and cultural issues influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on science, arts and cultural issues influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably Influenced to some extent Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q28_1] How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on environmental and nature protection issues How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on environmental and nature protection issues 45

52 2. Variables Was of crucial importance Influenced a lot Influenced a little Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q28_2] How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s prior experience in politics and the Parliament How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s prior experience in politics and the Parliament Was of crucial importance Influenced a lot Influenced a little Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q28_3] How important to your choice of candidate: Impeccability of the candidate s private life How important to your choice of candidate: Impeccability of the candidate s private life Was of crucial importance Influenced a lot Influenced a little Did not influence at all (continued on next page) 46

53 Q28_5 (cont. from previous page) Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q28_4] How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s views on Finland s future How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s views on Finland s future Was of crucial importance Influenced a lot Influenced a little Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q28_5] How important to your choice of candidate: Desire to elect new, fresh members to the Parliament How important to your choice of candidate: Desire to elect new, fresh members to the Parliament Was of crucial importance Influenced a lot Influenced a little Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) (continued on next page) 47

54 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q28_6] How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on nuclear issues How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on nuclear issues Was of crucial importance Influenced a lot Influenced a little Did not influence at all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q29] Did you vote in the 1984 municipal (local) elections? Did you vote in the 1984 municipal (local) elections? Yes No, because I did not have the right to vote No Can t remember

55 Q31 [Q30] If a direct presidential election (by popular vote) were held now, which presidential candidate would you vote for? If a direct presidential election (by popular vote) were held now, which presidential candidate would you vote for? Harri Holkeri Kalevi Kivistö Mauno Koivisto Christoffer Taxell Pekka Vennamo Paavo Väyrynen None of these Can t say [Q31] If an indirect presidential election (choosing the electoral college) were held now, please name the presidential candidate whose elector/party you would vote for? If an indirect presidential election (choosing the electoral college) were held now, please name the presidential candidate whose elector/party you would vote for? Harri Holkeri Kalevi Kivistö Mauno Koivisto Christoffer Taxell Pekka Vennamo Paavo Väyrynen None of these Can t say

56 2. Variables [Q32_1] Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Harri Holkeri Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Harri Holkeri Increased my willingness to vote for him Did not affect my willingness to vote for him Decreased my willingness to vote for him Can t say [Q32_2] Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Kalevi Kivistö Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Kalevi Kivistö Increased my willingness to vote for him Did not affect my willingness to vote for him Decreased my willingness to vote for him Can t say [Q32_3] Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Mauno Koivisto Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Mauno Koivisto 50

57 Q36_1 Increased my willingness to vote for him Did not affect my willingness to vote for him Decreased my willingness to vote for him Can t say [Q32_4] Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Paavo Väyrynen Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Paavo Väyrynen Increased my willingness to vote for him Did not affect my willingness to vote for him Decreased my willingness to vote for him Can t say [Q36_1] Influence of the party leader on party support: Kalevi Sorsa (Social Democratic Party of Finland) Influence of the party leader on party support: Kalevi Sorsa (Social Democratic Party of Finland) Increases support a lot Increases support to some extent No significance to the support Decreases support to some extent Decreases support a lot Can t say

58 2. Variables [Q36_2] Influence of the party leader on party support: Ilkka Suominen (National Coalition Party) Influence of the party leader on party support: Ilkka Suominen (National Coalition Party) Increases support a lot Increases support to some extent No significance to the support Decreases support to some extent Decreases support a lot Can t say [Q36_3] Influence of the party leader on party support: Paavo Väyrynen (Center Party of Finland) Influence of the party leader on party support: Paavo Väyrynen (Center Party of Finland) Increases support a lot 1 0 Increases support to some extent 2 0 No significance to the support 3 0 Decreases support to some extent 4 0 Decreases support a lot 5 0 Can t say 6 0 System missing (SYSMIS) [Q36_4] Influence of the party leader on party support: Esko Helle (Democratic League of the People of Finland) Influence of the party leader on party support: Esko Helle (Democratic League of the People of Finland) 52

59 Q36_6 Increases support a lot Increases support to some extent No significance to the support Decreases support to some extent Decreases support a lot Can t say [Q36_5] Influence of the party leader on party support: Arvo Aalto (The Communist Party of Finland) Influence of the party leader on party support: Arvo Aalto (The Communist Party of Finland) Increases support a lot Increases support to some extent No significance to the support Decreases support to some extent Decreases support a lot Can t say [Q36_6] Influence of the party leader on party support: Pekka Vennamo (Finnish Rural Party) Influence of the party leader on party support: Pekka Vennamo (Finnish Rural Party) Increases support a lot Increases support to some extent (continued on next page) 53