FSD3157. EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes Codebook

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1 FSD3157 EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2017 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2017 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 ( ) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN University of Tampere FSD User Services: Aila Data Service Portal: Finnish Social Science Data Archive $ Koodikirjoitin.py :35: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD3157 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If necessary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA): EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2017 [dataset]. Version 1.0 ( ). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 7 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurrence Variables in alphabetical order A naire in Finnish 81 i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Titles and data version: EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2017 Titles and data version in Finnish: EVAn kansallinen asennetutkimus 2017 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 ( ) of the data. 1.2 Subject description Authoring entity Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Depositor Haavisto, Ilkka (Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA) Date of deposit Keywords decision making; democracy; European integration; European Union; foreign policy; globalisation; immigration; local government services; occupational life; parliamentary elections; polit- 1

8 1. Study description ical systems; political systems; primary education; refugees Topic Classification Classification by FSD vocabulary: political studies Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: economic systems and development; equality and inequality; mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion; social behaviour and attitudes Series description The data belong to the series: EVA Surveys on Finnish Values and Attitudes Since 1984, the Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) has conducted biennial surveys studying changes in Finnish attitudes, values, and perceptions of the present and the future. The series, formerly known as Finnish National Attitudes, aims at measuring and analysing citizens views on Finnish society. The data allow a detailed empirical analysis and systematic follow-up of change in public opinion. Each dataset contains both new themes and recurring themes with questions repeated over the years. Themes covered include democracy, market economy, welfare, environment, society and politics, Finland s international position, economic depression, economic growth, Finnish identity, and views on the future. The surveys are funded by EVA and have usually been carried out by Yhdyskuntatutkimus. The FSD collections also include surveys on values and attitudes of corporate executives (for example, FSD1091), in which some of the questions presented in this series have been repeated. Abstract The survey charted the values and attitudes of Finnish people. The main themes of the 2017 survey included the Finnish basic education system, municipal services and how they are provided, economic differences between population groups, the Finnish political system, social security, democracy, globalisation, Finnish foreign policy, and the EU and eurozone. First, the respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with a large number of statements relating to, for instance, political parties and the political system, globalisation, education, employment, economic growth and markets, municipalities, taxation, changes in society, immigration and refugees, social security, the EU, and NATO membership. The respondents opinions on municipalities duties were charted by asking which services should be provided by the public sector, which services should be provided by the private sector or in cooperation with the private sector. These services included day care, education, and street and road maintenance, among other things. Opinions on municipal tax and its effect on services provided by the municipality were also investigated. Views on basic education were probed by asking which things schools should teach and what subjects could be taught less. Views on immigration were charted in light of the current refugee crisis. 2

9 1.3. Structure and collection of the data The respondents opinions on democracy and different political systems were investigated by asking how important they felt it was to live in a democratic country, and by asking them to evaluate different political systems. Furthermore, the respondents were presented made-up political parties with extreme views, and asked how likely they were to vote for the party in the next parliamentary elections if such party existed. The potential future developments of the EU and the EMU that the respondents hoped to see happen in the following 10 years were surveyed (e.g. Brexit being cancelled, dissolution of the EU, Finland quitting the euro, the development of the EU into a federation). Further questions relating to the European Union were asked, charting opinions on Finland s EU membership and the currency change to the euro. The respondents were also asked whether the EMU membership and the euro were advantageous or disadvantageous to Finland in the economic situation at the time of the survey, and whether the respondents would have voted for or against Finland s EU membership if a referendum had been held at the time of responding. The respondents were also asked about the impacts they felt Donald Trump would have as the president of the USA. Lastly, the respondents were presented with a list of influencers of current society and asked whether they thought these influencers had too much, enough, or not enough power in Finland. Background variables included the respondent s gender, year of birth, region of residence (NUTS3), basic and vocational education, economic activity and occupational status, household size and composition, household gross income, working time, industry of employment, political party choice if parliamentary elections were held at the time of survey, membership in a trade union, self-perceived social class, and number of inhabitants in the municipality of residence. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: People aged between 18 and 70 living in Finland, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: Data collector(s): Taloustutkimus Mode of data collection: Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2017 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Response rate: 19.4% Number of variables and cases: The data contain 139 variables and 2040 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Multistage The sample for this study was drawn from among the Taloustutkimus panel members, to be representative of the year-old Finnish population (excluding the Åland Islands) in terms of age, gender, region of residence, education, and economic activity and occupational status. 3

10 1. Study description Reminder s were sent four times to non-respondents and to persons who had completed only a part of the questionnaire. During data analysis at Taloustutkimus, the data were weighted to represent the Finnish population aged in terms of age, gender, region of residence, education, economic activity and occupational status, industry of employment, and political party allegiance (which party would vote for in parliamentary elections) The Internet panel of Taloustutkimus, randomly drawn from Finland s population register, consists of citizens aged who have entered their demographic and sociographic information when registering to the panel and have given their consent to Taloustutkimus to invite them to participate in various surveys. Answering any survey is voluntary and participants can leave the panel any time they want. 1.4 Use of data Data appraisal Variables q1a_2, q1a_3, q1a_7, q1a_10, q1a_11, q1a_12, q1a_13, q1a_14, q1a_17, q1b_1, q1b_3, q1b_4, q1b_13, q1b_15, q1b_16, q1c_1, q1c_4, q1c_15, q1d_2, q1d_5, q1d_6, q1d_9, q1d_10, q1d_11, q5, q6a, q6b, q6c_1 - q6c_4 ja q8a - q8c will be available in the beginning of 2018 at the earliest. of variables q3a_1 - q3b_6 describe how the respondents rated the importance of the issue on a scale from 1 to 6, for example common knowledge was ranked first x times, and ranked second y times etc. Related publications Apunen, Matti & Haavisto, Ilkka & Iskanius, Annika & Toivonen, Sarianna (2017). Kumous kunnissa. EVAn Arvo- ja asennetutkimus EVA Raportti 1/2017. Helsinki: Taloustieto Oy. Iskanius, Annika (2017). EVA Attitude and Value survey Finns worry about Russia, Trump and Brexit. Summary of Key Findings [online]. Helsinki: Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA. [cited ]. Updated list of publications in the study description at Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting The data contain a weight variable that can be used to weight the data to represent the Finnish population aged in terms of age, gender, region of residence, education, economic activity 4

11 1.4. Use of data and occupational status, industry of employment, and political party allegiance (which party would vote for in parliamentary elections) Restrictions The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. 5

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13 Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2040 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2040 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation

14 2. Variables [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2040 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [ID] Respondent id Respondent id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2040 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q1A_1] No political party promotes issues that are important to me No political party promotes issues that are important to me Completely agree Agree to some extent (continued on next page) 8

15 Q1A_5 (cont. from previous page) Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1A_4] Investment in education must be substantially increased in our country, even if it meant reducing allocations in some other field. Investment in education must be substantially increased in our country, even if it meant reducing allocations in some other field. Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1A_5] It is good that public social and health care system will become option-based, and individual citizens can choose their own service provider It is good that public social and health care system will become option-based, and individual citizens can choose their own service provider Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree (continued on next page) 9

16 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q1A_6] It is always worth voting, even though ordinary citizens cannot influence politics very much It is always worth voting, even though ordinary citizens cannot influence politics very much Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1A_8] Finland has the best basic education in the world Finland has the best basic education in the world Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1A_9] A lot more advisory (non-binding) referendums should be held on municipal issues A lot more advisory (non-binding) referendums should be held on municipal issues 10

17 Q1A_16 Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1A_15] What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1A_16] Parents could take more part in teaching in schools Parents could take more part in teaching in schools Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree

18 2. Variables [Q1A_18] Personally, I would be glad to pay more taxes than I do at the moment Personally, I would be glad to pay more taxes than I do at the moment Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1B_2] I feel very alienated from the local government and decision making in my municipality I feel very alienated from the local government and decision making in my municipality Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1B_5] Instead of constantly raising taxes, the efficiency of the public sector should be improved Instead of constantly raising taxes, the efficiency of the public sector should be improved 12

19 Q1B_7 Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1B_6] It is irrelevant whether schooling services are provided by the municipality, third sector, or corporations, as long as quality and equality of education are maintained It is irrelevant whether schooling services are provided by the municipality, third sector, or corporations, as long as quality and equality of education are maintained Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1B_7] The actions and policies of Russia in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns The actions and policies of Russia in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent (continued on next page) 13

20 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Completely disagree [Q1B_8] Municipalities have taken on way too many tasks and responsibilites Municipalities have taken on way too many tasks and responsibilites Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1B_9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens. Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens. Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree

21 Q1B_12 [Q1B_10] Finnish schools should focus more on developing excellence, even if it means reducing the role of general knowledge in education Finnish schools should focus more on developing excellence, even if it means reducing the role of general knowledge in education Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1B_11] Municipal services will improve if they are exposed to competition with corporations and third sector service providers Municipal services will improve if they are exposed to competition with corporations and third sector service providers Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1B_12] I am interested in politics and follow it actively. I am interested in politics and follow it actively. 15

22 2. Variables Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1B_14] Differences between schools (e.g. learning outcomes, school comfort) should be reported, and these reports made public knowledge available for all Differences between schools (e.g. learning outcomes, school comfort) should be reported, and these reports made public knowledge available for all Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1B_17] Finland should join NATO Finland should join NATO Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree

23 Q1C_5 [Q1C_2] As social and health care services are provided by autonomous regions in the future it would be fair that these regions also decidedd on the amount of taxes needed to finance the services As social and health care services are provided by autonomous regions in the future it would be fair that these regions also decidedd on the amount of taxes needed to finance the services Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_3] Basic education in its current form is a remnant from the past, and instead of gradual improvement the whole system should be reformed Basic education in its current form is a remnant from the past, and instead of gradual improvement the whole system should be reformed Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_5] My home municipality should move to a system where municipal manager or mayor is directly elected by the citizens My home municipality should move to a system where municipal manager or mayor is directly elected by the citizens 17

24 2. Variables Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_6] Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control the development of Europe Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control the development of Europe Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_7] Possibility of choosing one s school is a bad thing, because it leads to a division into good and poor schools Possibility of choosing one s school is a bad thing, because it leads to a division into good and poor schools Completely agree Agree to some extent (continued on next page) 18

25 Q1C_9 (cont. from previous page) Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_8] Finland should remain outside NATO, even if Sweden joined it Finland should remain outside NATO, even if Sweden joined it Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_9] Currently, there is not much room for enhancement in municipal service provision Currently, there is not much room for enhancement in municipal service provision Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree

26 2. Variables [Q1C_10] There should be special schools for very talented students There should be special schools for very talented students Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_11] The actions and policies of the United States in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns The actions and policies of the United States in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_12] Teachers should be given more power to keep order in the classroom Teachers should be given more power to keep order in the classroom 20

27 Q1C_14 Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_13] EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we neither want nor need EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we neither want nor need Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_14] The Finnish education system mostly produces average people who lack creativity and initiative. The Finnish education system mostly produces average people who lack creativity and initiative. Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree

28 2. Variables [Q1C_16] It is in the best interest of citizens that municipalities provide most of their services on their own and only complement these with services from outside sources It is in the best interest of citizens that municipalities provide most of their services on their own and only complement these with services from outside sources Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_17] Ability grouping should be reintroduced in basic education, so every student could progress at their own pace Ability grouping should be reintroduced in basic education, so every student could progress at their own pace Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1C_18] A common defence policy for the EU is a utopian plan, because the EU has no real military power without the USA A common defence policy for the EU is a utopian plan, because the EU has no real military power without the USA 22

29 Q1D_3 Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1D_1] Students should be able to choose their primary and secondary school regardless of municipality or school district Students should be able to choose their primary and secondary school regardless of municipality or school district Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1D_3] Decision making units in municipalities have too many municipal employees as members, who decide on their own and each other s issues Decision making units in municipalities have too many municipal employees as members, who decide on their own and each other s issues Completely agree Agree to some extent (continued on next page) 23

30 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1D_4] Corporations should have no role in developing schools Corporations should have no role in developing schools Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1D_7] Most of our country s public services should be privatised in order to improve the efficiency of service provision Most of our country s public services should be privatised in order to improve the efficiency of service provision Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree

31 Q1D_13 [Q1D_8] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1D_12] It is a good thing that public health care will be provided by autonomous regions instead of municipalities It is a good thing that public health care will be provided by autonomous regions instead of municipalities Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1D_13] Numerical evaluation should be reintroduced in all grades of the primary school (1-6) Numerical evaluation should be reintroduced in all grades of the primary school (1-6) 25

32 2. Variables Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1D_14] Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude to this big neighbour Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude to this big neighbour Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree [Q1D_15] If taxes were lowered, I would be willing to give up some of the services I receive from the state and municipalities If taxes were lowered, I would be willing to give up some of the services I receive from the state and municipalities Completely agree Agree to some extent Difficult to say Disagree to some extent Completely disagree (continued on next page) 26

33 Q2_2 (cont. from previous page) [Q2_1] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Children s day care How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Children s day care Should be done by the municipality Should be done in co-operation Should be privatized completely Can t say [Q2_2] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Building infrastructures (roads, public buildings etc.) How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Building infrastructures (roads, public buildings etc.) Should be done by the municipality Should be done in co-operation Should be privatized completely Can t say

34 2. Variables [Q2_3] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Employment services (e.g. providing rehabilitating work) How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Employment services (e.g. providing rehabilitating work) Should be done by the municipality Should be done in co-operation Should be privatized completely Can t say [Q2_4] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Maintenance of public sport and recreational areas (swimming pools, sports fields etc.) How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Maintenance of public sport and recreational areas (swimming pools, sports fields etc.) Should be done by the municipality Should be done in co-operation Should be privatized completely Can t say [Q2_5] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Ownership of real estate used by municipality. How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Ownership of real estate used by municipality. 28

35 Q2_7 Should be done by the municipality Should be done in co-operation Should be privatized completely Can t say [Q2_6] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Road and street maintenance How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Road and street maintenance Should be done by the municipality Should be done in co-operation Should be privatized completely Can t say [Q2_7] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Maintenance of museums and cultural locations How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Maintenance of museums and cultural locations Should be done by the municipality Should be done in co-operation Should be privatized completely Can t say

36 2. Variables [Q2_8] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Provision of school services How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Provision of school services Should be done by the municipality Should be done in co-operation Should be privatized completely Can t say [Q2_9] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Deciding on land use How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Deciding on land use Should be done by the municipality Should be done in co-operation Should be privatized completely Can t say [Q2_10] How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Provision of library services How should the tasks below be divided in the municipalities? Provision of library services 30

37 Q3A_2 Should be done by the municipality Should be done in co-operation Should be privatized completely Can t say [Q3A_1] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? General knowledge How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? General knowledge Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3A_2] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Diligence and the importance of work How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Diligence and the importance of work Mentioned first (continued on next page) 31

38 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3A_3] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Information retrieval and processing How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Information retrieval and processing Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3A_4] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Flexible and enthusiastic attitude How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Flexible and enthusiastic attitude 32

39 Q3A_6 Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3A_5] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Future work-related skills (e.g. entrepreneurship, internationalism) How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Future work-related skills (e.g. entrepreneurship, internationalism) Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3A_6] How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Finding a field that interests oneself How important do you consider teaching the following to children in basic education (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is most important and 6 is least important)? Finding a field that interests oneself 33

40 2. Variables Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3B_1] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? No cut-backs, more classes should be introduced If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? No cut-backs, more classes should be introduced Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3B_2] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Subjects dealing with general knowledge (history, biology) If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Subjects dealing with general knowledge (history, biology) 34

41 Q3B_4 Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3B_3] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Languages If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Languages Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3B_4] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Arts If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Arts 35

42 2. Variables Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3B_5] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Handicraft If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Handicraft Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3B_6] If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Physical education If teaching new skills in basic education is to be increased, which subjects currently taught could be cut back on (on a scale from 1 to 6 where 1 is the best solution and 6 is the worst)? Physical education 36

43 Q4B Mentioned first Mentioned second Mentioned third Mentioned fourth Mentioned fifth Mentioned sixth System missing (SYSMIS) [Q4A] How important an issue would you say the municipal tax rate in your municipality is to you? How important an issue would you say the municipal tax rate in your municipality is to you? Very important Quite important Difficult to say Not very important Not at all important [Q4B] What is your opinion on the municipal tax rate in your municipality if you consider the services provided by the municipality (quantity and quality of services)? What is your opinion on the municipal tax rate in your municipality if you consider the services provided by the municipality (quantity and quality of services)? (continued on next page) 37

44 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Very high Quite high Appropriate Quite low Very low Can t say [Q4C] Social and health care reform will remove some tasks from the municipalities as well as the corresponding tax income. Please assess the development of municipal tax in your municipality in the future. Social and health care reform will remove some tasks from the municipalities as well as the corresponding tax income. Please assess the development of municipal tax in your municipality in the future. Will increase considerably Will increase slightly Will stay the same Will decrease slightly Will decrease considerably Can t say [Q7_1] In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: Britain reverses its decision to leave the EU (Brexit) In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: Britain reverses its decision to leave the EU (Brexit) 38

45 Q7_3 Very desirable Fairly desirable Difficult to say Fairly undesirable Very undesirable [Q7_2] In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: Dissolution of the EU In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: Dissolution of the EU Very desirable Fairly desirable Difficult to say Fairly undesirable Very undesirable [Q7_3] In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: The EU gives up the euro and national currencies are reintroduced In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: The EU gives up the euro and national currencies are reintroduced Very desirable Fairly desirable Difficult to say Fairly undesirable (continued on next page) 39

46 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Very undesirable [Q7_4] In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: Finland gives up the Euro In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: Finland gives up the Euro Very desirable Fairly desirable Difficult to say Fairly undesirable Very undesirable [Q7_5] In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: More countries decide to leave the EU following Britain s example (e.g. France) In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: More countries decide to leave the EU following Britain s example (e.g. France) Very desirable Fairly desirable Difficult to say Fairly undesirable Very undesirable

47 Q7_8 [Q7_6] In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: EU becomes a federation In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: EU becomes a federation Very desirable Fairly desirable Difficult to say Fairly undesirable Very undesirable [Q7_7] In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: Finland leaves the EU In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: Finland leaves the EU Very desirable Fairly desirable Difficult to say Fairly undesirable Very undesirable [Q7_8] In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: European unification slows down, and the EU becomes a looser union of sovereign nations In your opinion, how desirable is it that the following would happen within the next 10 years: European unification slows down, and the EU becomes a looser union of sovereign nations 41

48 2. Variables Very desirable Fairly desirable Difficult to say Fairly undesirable Very undesirable [Q9_1] Evaluate whether the following has too much, an appropriate amount or too little power in our country at the moment: Trade union movement country at the moment: Trade union movement Too much Appropriate amount Too little [Q9_2] Evaluate whether the following has too much, an appropriate amount or too little power in our country at the moment: Finnish Parliament country at the moment: Finnish Parliament Too much Appropriate amount Too little

49 Q9_5 [Q9_3] Evaluate whether the following has too much, an appropriate amount or too little power in our country at the moment: European Union country at the moment: European Union Too much Appropriate amount Too little [Q9_4] Evaluate whether the following has too much, an appropriate amount or too little power in our country at the moment: Government (cabinet) country at the moment: Government (cabinet) Too much Appropriate amount Too little [Q9_5] Evaluate whether the following has too much, an appropriate amount or too little power in our country at the moment: Church country at the moment: Church 43

50 2. Variables Too much Appropriate amount Too little [Q9_6] Evaluate whether the following has too much, an appropriate amount or too little power in our country at the moment: Municipal decision makers country at the moment: Municipal decision makers Too much Appropriate amount Too little [Q9_7] Evaluate whether the following has too much, an appropriate amount or too little power in our country at the moment: Environmentalists country at the moment: Environmentalists Too much Appropriate amount Too little

51 Q9_10 [Q9_8] Evaluate whether the following has too much, an appropriate amount or too little power in our country at the moment: Market forces country at the moment: Market forces Too much Appropriate amount Too little [Q9_9] Evaluate whether the following has too much, an appropriate amount or too little power in our country at the moment: Juridiciary country at the moment: Juridiciary Too much Appropriate amount Too little [Q9_10] Evaluate whether the following has too much, an appropriate amount or too little power in our country at the moment: Banks country at the moment: Banks 45