FSD1011. Finnish Voter Barometer Codebook

Transkriptio

1 FSD1011 Finnish Voter Barometer 1983 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 c Finnish Social Science Data Archive, 2000 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish Voter Barometer 1983 [codebook]. Tampere : Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 1.1 ( ) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN University of Tampere FSD User Services: asiakaspalvelu.fsd@uta.fi Aila Data Service Portal: Finnish Social Science Data Archive Typeset by L A TEX $ Koodikirjoitin.py :54: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD1011 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive). The source must be acknowledged in any publication based wholly or in part on the data. The bibliographic citation may be in the form required by the publication, or in the form suggested by the archive. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Finnish Voter Barometer 1983 [computer file]. FSD1011, version 1.1 ( ). Gallup Finland [data collection], University of Helsinki, Department of Political Science & Gallup Finland [producers]. Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], The depositor and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data. The archive must be informed of all publications where the data have been used. The beginning of the codebook contains information on data content, structure and collection, and includes a list of publications where the data have been used. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percents (%), and valid percents (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say ) as missing data. This codebook has been produced automatically with Python, L A TEXand dvipdfm software. Source files include data description files in DDI format, and SPSS files.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 7 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurrence Variables in alphabetical order A Abbreviations of Finnish Political Parties 53 B naire in Finnish 55 i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Title of the study: Finnish Voter Barometer 1983 Title of the study in Finnish: Puolueiden ajankohtaistutkimus 1983 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.1 ( ) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. 1.2 Subject description Other material naire: pdf file in Finnish Authoring entity Gallup Finland Department of Political Science (University of Helsinki) Institutions mentioned in the general description of the survey series Copyright statement for the data According to an agreement between FSD and the depositor Depositor Gallup Finland 1

8 1. Study description Date of deposit Keywords elections; municipal elections; parliamentary elections; party allegiance; political attitudes; political behaviour; presidential elections; social conflict; voting Topic Classification Classification by FSD vocabulary: political studies Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion Series description The data belong to the series: Finnish Voter Barometers The Finnish Voter Barometer surveys are commissioned by the major parties in the Parliament. In election years, other sponsors have also been involved. Up till 1988, the surveys were planned by Gallup Finland (TNS Gallup Ltd) and the Department of Political and Economic Studies at the University of Helsinki, in collaboration with the political parties. After 1988, the planning has been in the hands of Gallup Finland and the parties. From 1973 to 1990, the annual voter barometers were collected mainly with face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires, interviews/barometer. Since 1991, the data have been collected with GallupChannel (PC s installed in respondents homes). No surveys were conducted in 1985 and Survey themes include voting behaviour, opinions on the government and the parties, and attitudes towards national political issues. In addition, respondents economic expectations and political participation have often been studied, as well as their opinions on local politics, and the significance of the party leader to a party. Background variables have often included the social class of the respondent and the household head, economic activity of the household head, respondent s education, age, mother tongue, gender, party membership, political views, trade union membership, and family s annual income. There are also regional variables. Even though the variables are not always fully comparable from one survey to another, all kinds of comparisons over time are possible. The FSD collections cover data from Abstract The data were collected in two rounds. In the first round, before the 1983 parliamentary elections, the respondents were asked how they had voted in the 1982 presidential elections and 2

9 1.3. Structure and collection of the data in the 1980 municipal elections, and how they were going to vote in the forthcoming parliamentary elections. In the second round, after the elections, the respondents were asked whether they voted or not, when they voted and how interested they were in politics. Several questions focused on the respondent s party loyalty and choice of candidate. In addition, the respondents were asked what they regarded as the most important goals of political activity, and whether they had been involved in the work of various organisations. The respondents assessed different parties, and conflicts of interests between various groups in society. Background variables included the respondents gender, education, occupation, age, year of birth, number of school-age children, household income, occupation of the head of the household, type of municipality of residence, and province of residence. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Unit of analysis: Individual Universe: Finnish population aged 18 or over, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: February Data collector: Gallup Finland (Suomen Gallup) Data producer: Gallup Finland; University of Helsinki. Department of Political Science Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1983 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 81 variables and 1098 cases. Sampling procedure: Use of data Related publications Bengtsson, Åsa (2012). Väljarnas kandidatval: rörlighet och motiv. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Borg, Sami (2006). Käsitykset kansalaisuudesta ja omista vaikuttamismahdollisuuksista. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Borg, Sami & Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2002). Suuret ikäluokat ja valta. Hyvinvointikatsaus 1/2002,

10 1. Study description Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan & Sänkiaho, Risto & Wass, Hanna (2005). Kiinnittyminen politiikkaan. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Wass, Hanna (2005). Äänestysosallistuminen. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Karvonen, Lauri (2014). Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland. Politics under Fundamental Societal Transformation. Colchester. ECPR Press Meyer, Thomas (2010). Party competition over time. How voters and intra-party structure constrain party policy shifts. Mannheim: MADOC. urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc Paloheimo, Heikki (2003). Miten äänestäjät valitsevat puolueen? Politiikka 45(3), Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Puoluevalinnan tilannetekijät. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa. Helsinki: WSOY. Paloheimo, Heikki (2006). Asenteet poliittisia instituutioita ja toimijoita kohtaan. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan (2005). Puoluevalinnan perusteet. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Siitonen, Mikko (2007). Äänestääkö vai ei? Äänestysaktiivisuus vuosien 1979, 1991 ja 2003 eduskuntavaaleissa. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Valtio-opin pro gradu -tutkielma. Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (2006). Toim. Sami Borg. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Wass, Hanna (2007). The effects of age, generation and period on turnout in Finland Electoral Studies 26(3), Wass, Hanna (2007). The effects of age, generation and period on turnout in Finland Electoral Studies 26(3), Wass, Hanna (2008). Generations and turnout: Generational effect in electoral participation in Finland. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. Department of Political Science. Acta Politica 35. Updated list of publications in the study description at Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. 4

11 1.4. Use of data Restrictions The dataset is available for research, teaching and study. 5

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13 Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] Archival number (added by FSD) Archival number (added by FSD) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1098 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] Archival version (added by FSD) Archival version (added by FSD) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1098 minimum 1.10 maximum 1.10 mean 1.10 standard deviation

14 2. Variables [FSD_PRO] FSD processing level Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. A (see codebook) 1 B (see codebook) C (data hasn t been checked at FSD) [FSD_ID] Case id (added by FSD) Case id (added by FSD) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1098 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [TAUSTA1] Respondent s occupational status Respondent s occupational status Farmer (continued on next page) 8

15 TAUSTA3 (cont. from previous page) Unskilled worker Skilled worker Intermediate level or professional employee Managerial position Pupil at school Student Pensioner Housewife Farmer s wife [TAUSTA2] Occupational status of the head of the household (if retired, former occupation) Occupational status of the head of the household (if retired, former occupation) Farmer Unskilled worker Skilled worker Intermediate level or professional employee Managerial position System missing (SYSMIS) [TAUSTA3] Respondent s education Respondent s education Primary education (continued on next page) 9

16 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Lower secondary education Upper secondary education (matriculation exam), college Academic degree System missing (SYSMIS) [TAUSTA4] Respondent s age Respondent s age years years years years years years years Over 65 years System missing (SYSMIS) [TAUSTA5] Respondent s year of birth Respondent s year of birth Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1079 minimum maximum (continued on next page) 10

17 TAUSTA7 (cont. from previous page) statistic value mean standard deviation [TAUSTA6] Are there children aged 7-16 years in your family? Are there children aged 7-16 years in your family? Yes No System missing (SYSMIS) [TAUSTA7] Annual gross income of the household Annual gross income of the household < marks marks marks marks marks marks marks > marks System missing (SYSMIS)

18 2. Variables [TAUSTA8] Respondent s gender Respondent s gender Female Male System missing (SYSMIS) [TAUSTA9] Respondent s place of residence Respondent s place of residence Helsinki Espoo, Kauniainen Vantaa, Kerava Turku Tampere Other town Population centre in a rural area Sparsely populated rural area System missing (SYSMIS) [TAUSTA10] Respondent s province of residence Respondent s province of residence 12

19 FQ1 Uusimaa Turku and Pori Häme Kymi Mikkeli Kuopio Keski-Suomi Vaasa Pohjois-Karjala Oulu Lappi System missing (SYSMIS) [FQ1] Which party did you vote for in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? Which party did you vote for in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? National Coalition Party (KOK) Center Party of Finland (KESK) Liberal Party (LKP) Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) Christian League of Finland (SKL) Finnish Rural Party (SMP) Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) Did not vote Can t remember Cannot/do not want to say System missing (SYSMIS)

20 2. Variables [FQ2] Which party did you vote for in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? Which party did you vote for in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? National Coalition Party (KOK) Center Party of Finland (KESK) Liberal Party (LKP) Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) Christian League of Finland (SKL) Finnish Rural Party (SMP) Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) Did not vote Can t remember Cannot/do not want to say System missing (SYSMIS) [FQ3] How likely is it that you will vote in the next parliamentary elections in March 1983? How likely is it that you will vote in the next parliamentary elections in March 1983? Definitely going to vote Probably going to vote Probably not going to vote Definitely not going to vote System missing (SYSMIS)

21 FQ5 [FQ4] If Finnish parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which party would you vote for? If Finnish parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which party would you vote for? National Coalition Party (KOK) Center Party of Finland (KESK) Liberal Party (LKP) Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) Christian League of Finland (SKL) Finnish Rural Party (SMP) Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) Other constituency association Would not vote Cannot/do not want to say System missing (SYSMIS) [FQ5] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for as your second preference? If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for as your second preference? National Coalition Party (KOK) Center Party of Finland (KESK) Liberal Party (LKP) Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) (continued on next page) 15

22 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) Christian League of Finland (SKL) Finnish Rural Party (SMP) Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) Other constituency association Would not vote Cannot/do not want to say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1] Did you vote in the Finnish parliamentary elections in March 1983? Did you vote in the Finnish parliamentary elections in March 1983? Yes No System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_2] (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) When did you decide not to vote? (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) When did you decide not to vote? Considered voting as late as on the election day Decided not to vote on the election week Decided not to vote couple of weeks before the election (continued on next page) 16

23 Q3_2 (cont. from previous page) Had decided berofehand not to vote Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_1] (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? Voted Didn t vote Didn t have the right to vote Can t remember System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_2] (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? Voted Didn t vote Didn t have the right to vote Can t remember System missing (SYSMIS)

24 2. Variables [Q4] Respondent s own interest in politics Respondent s own interest in politics Very interested Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested Can t say [Q5] (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you vote in the parliamentary elections? (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you vote in the parliamentary elections? On the first election day, on Sunday On the second election day, on Monday Early voting at post office 3 weeks before the election Early voting at post office 2 weeks before the election Early voting at post office one week before the election Can t remember System missing (SYSMIS) [Q6] How many parties did you take into serious consideration when choosing the candidate? How many parties did you take into serious consideration when choosing the candidate? 18

25 Q8 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 963 minimum 1.00 maximum 9.00 mean 1.31 standard deviation 0.61 [Q7] (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you make the final decision which party to vote for? (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you make the final decision which party to vote for? On the election day A few days before the election About a week before the election A couple of weeks before the election Earlier than 2 weeks before, during election campaign Before the election campaign started Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q8] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same party before? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same party before? Yes, in all elections Yes, in the 1982 presidential election Yes, prior to the 1982 presidential election Have not voted for this party before (continued on next page) 19

26 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS) [Q9] Altogether, how many different parties have you voted for in general elections? Altogether, how many different parties have you voted for in general elections? One party, always the same Two parties Three parties Four parties Five parties Six parties System missing (SYSMIS) [Q10] (IF VOTED IN 1983) At what stage did you make the final decision which candidate to vote for? (IF VOTED IN 1983) At what stage did you make the final decision which candidate to vote for? On the election day A few days before the election About a week before the election A couple of weeks before the election Earlier than 2 weeks before, during election campaign Before the election campaign started Can t say (continued on next page) 20

27 Q12 (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS) [Q11] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How many candidates did you take into consideration when deciding who to vote for? (IF VOTED IN 1983) How many candidates did you take into consideration when deciding who to vote for? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 988 minimum 1.00 maximum 9.00 mean 1.78 standard deviation 0.94 [Q12] (IF VOTED AND CONSIDERED MORE THAN ONE CANDIDATE) Did the candidates you considered voting for represent the same party? (IF VOTED AND CONSIDERED MORE THAN ONE CANDIDATE) Did the candidates you considered voting for represent the same party? All candidates represented the same party Candidates represented several different parties Can t remember No answer System missing (SYSMIS)

28 2. Variables [Q13] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same candidate before? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same candidate before? Yes No Can t remember System missing (SYSMIS) [Q14] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the candidate you voted for get elected to the parliament? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the candidate you voted for get elected to the parliament? Yes No Don t know System missing (SYSMIS) [Q15] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How certain were you that your candidate would get elected? (IF VOTED IN 1983) How certain were you that your candidate would get elected? 22

29 Q17 Was certain the candidate would get elected Considered it likely Considered it possible Considered it unlikely Was certain the candidate would not get elected Didn t give it a thought Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q16] (IF VOTED IN 1983) When you voted, was the fact the candidate represents a certain party more important than the personal characteristics of the candidate? (IF VOTED IN 1983) When you voted, was the fact the candidate represents a certain party more important than the personal characteristics of the candidate? The party is more important The personal characteristics of the candidate are more important Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q17] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Would you have voted for the same candidate if he had represented another, politically close party? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Would you have voted for the same candidate if he had represented another, politically close party? Definitely would have (continued on next page) 23

30 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Probably would have Probably would not have Definitely would not have Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_1] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Considering the parliamentary elections, which information source provided the most relevant information for your voting choice? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Considering the parliamentary elections, which information source provided the most relevant information for your voting choice? Newspapers Periodicals, magazines, journals Radio, television Election publicity Election events Friends, acquaintances Colleagues, fellow employees Local branch of the trade union Other sources No answer System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_2] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Which information source came second in providing relevant information for your voting choice? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Which information source came second in providing relevant information for your voting choice? 24

31 Q20_1 Newspapers Periodicals, magazines, journals Radio, television Election publicity Election events Friends, acquaintances Colleagues, fellow employees Local branch of the trade union Other sources No answer System missing (SYSMIS) [Q19] (IF VOTED IN 1983) During the election campaign, did any information appear which made you give up a particular candidate you had considered voting for? (IF VOTED IN 1983) During the election campaign, did any information appear which made you give up a particular candidate you had considered voting for? No such information appeared Such inform. caused change of candidate but not of party Such inform. caused change of both candidate and party Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q20_1] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the performance of party representatives in television election programmes influence your voting decision? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the performance of party representatives in television election programmes influence your voting decision? 25

32 2. Variables Can t say Did not influence at all Influenced a little Influenced a lot Was of crucial importance [Q20_2] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the alleged corruption of politicians influence your voting decision? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the alleged corruption of politicians influence your voting decision? Can t say Did not influence at all Influenced a little Influenced a lot Was of crucial importance [Q20_3] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the pensions policy of the previous Parliament influence your voting decision? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the pensions policy of the previous Parliament influence your voting decision? Can t say Did not influence at all Influenced a little Influenced a lot Was of crucial importance

33 Q21_1 [Q20_4] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the party policy on employment measures influence your voting decision? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the party policy on employment measures influence your voting decision? Can t say Did not influence at all Influenced a little Influenced a lot Was of crucial importance [Q20_5] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Influence on voting decision: something else (IF VOTED IN 1983) Influence on voting decision: something else Can t say Did not influence at all Influenced a little Influenced a lot Was of crucial importance [Q21_1] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on environment and nature protection issues (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on environment and nature protection issues 27

34 2. Variables Can t say Did not influence at all Influenced a little Influenced a lot Was of crucial importance [Q21_2] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s prior experience in Parliament (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s prior experience in Parliament Can t say Did not influence at all Influenced a little Influenced a lot Was of crucial importance [Q21_3] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Impeccability of the candidate s private life (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Impeccability of the candidate s private life Can t say Did not influence at all Influenced a little Influenced a lot Was of crucial importance (continued on next page) 28

35 Q21_5 (cont. from previous page) [Q21_4] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate strives for new kind of political processes (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate strives for new kind of political processes Can t say Did not influence at all Influenced a little Influenced a lot Was of crucial importance [Q21_5] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Desire to vote new, fresh members to Parliament (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Desire to vote new, fresh members to Parliament Can t say Did not influence at all Influenced a little Influenced a lot Was of crucial importance

36 2. Variables [Q22_1] The most important goal of politics The most important goal of politics Safety and security of the society Increasing the influence of citizens on decisionmaking Opposing price increases Defending freedom of speech Can t say [Q22_2] The second most important goal of politics The second most important goal of politics Safety and security of the society Increasing the influence of citizens on decisionmaking Opposing price increases Defending freedom of speech Can t say [Q22_3] The third most important goal of politics The third most important goal of politics 30

37 Q23_2 Safety and security of the society Increasing the influence of citizens on decisionmaking Opposing price increases Defending freedom of speech Can t say [Q23_1] There is at least one party which always tries to promote the interests of people like me There is at least one party which always tries to promote the interests of people like me Can t say/don t want to say Strongly disagree Disagree to some extent Agree to some extent Strongly agree [Q23_2] By voting people can really have a say in how things are run in this country By voting people can really have a say in how things are run in this country Can t say/don t want to say Strongly disagree Disagree to some extent Agree to some extent Strongly agree

38 2. Variables [Q23_3] Political parties are only interested in people s votes, not in their opinions Political parties are only interested in people s votes, not in their opinions Can t say/don t want to say Strongly disagree Disagree to some extent Agree to some extent Strongly agree [Q23_4] The opinions of the citizens will be taken into consideration through the political parties The opinions of the citizens will be taken into consideration through the political parties Can t say/don t want to say Strongly disagree Disagree to some extent Agree to some extent Strongly agree [Q23_5] Sometimes politics is so complicated that people like me do not understand what s going on Sometimes politics is so complicated that people like me do not understand what s going on 32

39 Q23_7 Can t say/don t want to say Strongly disagree Disagree to some extent Agree to some extent Strongly agree [Q23_6] People like me have no say in what the government does People like me have no say in what the government does Can t say/don t want to say Strongly disagree Disagree to some extent Agree to some extent Strongly agree [Q23_7] Voting is the only way to have an effect on public issues Voting is the only way to have an effect on public issues Can t say/don t want to say Strongly disagree Disagree to some extent Agree to some extent Strongly agree

40 2. Variables [Q23_8] Even if someone disagreed with the content of a law, everyone should obey laws passed by Parliament Even if someone disagreed with the content of a law, everyone should obey laws passed by Parliament Can t say/don t want to say Strongly disagree Disagree to some extent Agree to some extent Strongly agree [Q23_9] One can generally trust the government to make the right decisions One can generally trust the government to make the right decisions Can t say/don t want to say Strongly disagree Disagree to some extent Agree to some extent Strongly agree [Q23_10] All people are treated equally in Finnish courts of justice All people are treated equally in Finnish courts of justice 34

41 Q24_2 Can t say/don t want to say Strongly disagree Disagree to some extent Agree to some extent Strongly agree [Q24_1] Which one of the following groups you feel you primarily belong to? Which one of the following groups you feel you primarily belong to? Working class Lower middle class Upper middle class Upper class Employers Employees Entrepreneurs, self-employed Low-income earners Middle-income earners High-income earners System missing (SYSMIS) [Q24_2] Which one of the following groups you feel you secondarily belong to? Which one of the following groups you feel you secondarily belong to? Working class (continued on next page) 35

42 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Lower middle class Upper middle class Upper class Employers Employees Entrepreneurs, self-employed Low-income earners Middle-income earners High-income earners System missing (SYSMIS) [Q25_1] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Farmers - consumers? How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Farmers - consumers? Very conflicting Somewhat conflicting Not very conflicting Not at all conflicting Can t say [Q25_2] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: The rich - the poor? How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: The rich - the poor? 36

43 Q25_4 Very conflicting Somewhat conflicting Not very conflicting Not at all conflicting Can t say [Q25_3] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Manual workers - people doing intellectual work? How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Manual workers - people doing intellectual work? Very conflicting Somewhat conflicting Not very conflicting Not at all conflicting Can t say [Q25_4] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Employers - employees How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Employers - employees Very conflicting Somewhat conflicting Not very conflicting Not at all conflicting Can t say

44 2. Variables [Q25_5] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Politicians - citizens How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Politicians - citizens Very conflicting Somewhat conflicting Not very conflicting Not at all conflicting Can t say [Q25_6] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Capitalists - the working class How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Capitalists - the working class Very conflicting Somewhat conflicting Not very conflicting Not at all conflicting Can t say [Q25_7] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: People with steady jobs - the unemployed How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: People with steady jobs - the unemployed 38

45 Q26_2 Very conflicting Somewhat conflicting Not very conflicting Not at all conflicting Can t say [Q26_1] Respondent s membership in a trade union or professional association Respondent s membership in a trade union or professional association Not a member Is a member Has held an elective office Cannot say [Q26_2] Respondent s membership in an agricultural association or union Respondent s membership in an agricultural association or union Not a member Is a member Has held an elective office Cannot say

46 2. Variables [Q26_3] Respondent s membership in any political party or in women s/youth organisation of any party Respondent s membership in any political party or in women s/youth organisation of any party Not a member Is a member Has held an elective office Cannot say [Q26_4] Respondent s membership in a sports association Respondent s membership in a sports association Not a member Is a member Has held an elective office Cannot say [Q26_5] Respondent s membership in any other voluntary organisation or association Respondent s membership in any other voluntary organisation or association 40

47 QK1 Not a member Is a member Has held an elective office Cannot say [Q27] Respondent s occupational status Respondent s occupational status Farmer Unskilled worker Skilled worker Intermediate level or professional employee Managerial position Pupil (child at school) Student Pensioner Housewife Farmer s wife System missing (SYSMIS) [QK1] Which party s candidate did you vote for in the parliamentary elections in March 1983 Which party s candidate did you vote for in the parliamentary elections in March 1983 National Coalition Party (KOK) Center Party of Finland (KESK) Liberal Party (LKP) (continued on next page) 41

48 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) Christian League of Finland (SKL) Finnish Rural Party (SMP) Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) Other (the Greens) Didn t vote Can t remember Cannot/do not want to say System missing (SYSMIS) [QK2] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for? If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for? National Coalition Party (KOK) Center Party of Finland (KESK) Liberal Party (LKP) Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) Christian League of Finland (SKL) Finnish Rural Party (SMP) Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) Other (the Greens) Would not vote Cannot/do not want to say System missing (SYSMIS)

49 QK3 [QK3] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for as your second preference If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for as your second preference National Coalition Party (KOK) Center Party of Finland (KESK) Liberal Party (LKP) Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) Christian League of Finland (SKL) Finnish Rural Party (SMP) Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) Other (the Greens) Would not vote Cannot/do not want to say System missing (SYSMIS)

50

51 Chapter 3 Indexes 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence Archival number (added by FSD) [FSD_NO] Archival version (added by FSD) [FSD_VR] FSD processing level [FSD_PRO] Case id (added by FSD) [FSD_ID] Respondent s occupational status [TAUSTA1] Occupational status of the head of the household (if retired, former occupation) [TAUSTA2] 9 Respondent s education [TAUSTA3] Respondent s age [TAUSTA4] Respondent s year of birth [TAUSTA5] Are there children aged 7-16 years in your family? [TAUSTA6] Annual gross income of the household [TAUSTA7] Respondent s gender [TAUSTA8] Respondent s place of residence [TAUSTA9] Respondent s province of residence [TAUSTA10] Which party did you vote for in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? [FQ1] Which party did you vote for in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? [FQ2] How likely is it that you will vote in the next parliamentary elections in March 1983? [FQ3] 14 If Finnish parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which party would you vote for? [FQ4] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for as your second preference? [FQ5] Did you vote in the Finnish parliamentary elections in March 1983? [Q1]

52 3. Indexes (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) When did you decide not to vote? [Q2_2] (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? [Q3_1] (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? [Q3_2] 17 Respondent s own interest in politics [Q4] (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you vote in the parliamentary elections? [Q5] How many parties did you take into serious consideration when choosing the candidate? [Q6] 18 (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you make the final decision which party to vote for? [Q7]. 19 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same party before? [Q8] Altogether, how many different parties have you voted for in general elections? [Q9] (IF VOTED IN 1983) At what stage did you make the final decision which candidate to vote for? [Q10] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How many candidates did you take into consideration when deciding who to vote for? [Q11] (IF VOTED AND CONSIDERED MORE THAN ONE CANDIDATE) Did the candidates you considered voting for represent the same party? [Q12] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same candidate before? [Q13] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the candidate you voted for get elected to the parliament? [Q14] 22 (IF VOTED IN 1983) How certain were you that your candidate would get elected? [Q15]. 22 (IF VOTED IN 1983) When you voted, was the fact the candidate represents a certain party more important than the personal characteristics of the candidate? [Q16] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Would you have voted for the same candidate if he had represented another, politically close party? [Q17] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Considering the parliamentary elections, which information source provided the most relevant information for your voting choice? [Q18_1] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Which information source came second in providing relevant information for your voting choice? [Q18_2] (IF VOTED IN 1983) During the election campaign, did any information appear which made you give up a particular candidate you had considered voting for? [Q19] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the performance of party representatives in television election programmes influence your voting decision? [Q20_1] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the alleged corruption of politicians influence your voting decision? [Q20_2] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the pensions policy of the previous Parliament influence your voting decision? [Q20_3] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the party policy on employment measures influence your voting decision? [Q20_4]

53 3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence (IF VOTED IN 1983) Influence on voting decision: something else [Q20_5] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on environment and nature protection issues [Q21_1] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s prior experience in Parliament [Q21_2] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Impeccability of the candidate s private life [Q21_3] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate strives for new kind of political processes [Q21_4] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Desire to vote new, fresh members to Parliament [Q21_5] The most important goal of politics [Q22_1] The second most important goal of politics [Q22_2] The third most important goal of politics [Q22_3] There is at least one party which always tries to promote the interests of people like me [Q23_1] 31 By voting people can really have a say in how things are run in this country [Q23_2] Political parties are only interested in people s votes, not in their opinions [Q23_3] The opinions of the citizens will be taken into consideration through the political parties [Q23_4] 32 Sometimes politics is so complicated that people like me do not understand what s going on [Q23_5] People like me have no say in what the government does [Q23_6] Voting is the only way to have an effect on public issues [Q23_7] Even if someone disagreed with the content of a law, everyone should obey laws passed by Parliament [Q23_8] One can generally trust the government to make the right decisions [Q23_9] All people are treated equally in Finnish courts of justice [Q23_10] Which one of the following groups you feel you primarily belong to? [Q24_1] Which one of the following groups you feel you secondarily belong to? [Q24_2] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Farmers - consumers? [Q25_1].. 36 How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: The rich - the poor? [Q25_2] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Manual workers - people doing intellectual work? [Q25_3] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Employers - employees [Q25_4].37 How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Politicians - citizens [Q25_5] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Capitalists - the working class [Q25_6] 47