FSD1195. EU Membership Referendum in Finland Codebook

Transkriptio

1 FSD1195 EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 c Finnish Social Science Data Archive, 2002 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 [codebook]. Tampere : Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 1 ( ) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. FSD Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE tel fax fsd@uta.fi URI: Typeset by L A TEX $ Koodikirjoitin.py :55: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD1195 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive). The source must be acknowledged in any publication based wholly or in part on the data. The bibliographic citation may be in the form required by the publication, or in the form suggested by the archive. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Pesonen, Pertti & Sänkiaho, Risto: EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 [computer file]. FSD1195, version 1 ( ). Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], The depositor and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data. The archive must be informed of all publications where the data have been used. The beginning of the codebook contains information on data content, structure and collection, and includes a list of publications where the data have been used. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percents (%), and valid percents (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "missing data (SYSMIS)" refers to a missing observation whereas "missing data" refers to, for example, user missing data. In some cases users of the data have to consider whether it is best to code also other values as missing data (eg. don t want to say or can t say ). This codebook has been produced automatically with Python, L A TEXand dvipdfm software. Source files include data description files in DDI format, and SPSS files.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 7 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurance Variables in alphabetical order A naire in Finnish 155 B naire in English 183 i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Title of the study: EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 Title of the study in Finnish: Suomen EU-kansanäänestys 1994 This codebook has been generated from the version 1 ( ) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. 1.2 Subject description Extent of collection Data: SPSS portable file. Data available also in other file formats. Other material naire: pdf file in Finnish Authoring entity Pesonen, Pertti (University of Tampere) Sänkiaho, Risto (University of Tampere) Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. 1

8 1. Study description Depositor Pesonen, Pertti (University of Tampere) Date deposited Keywords Europe; integration; political action; political behaviour; political participation; referendum; voting; voting behaviour Topic Classification Classification by FSD vocabulary: media and communication studies; political studies Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: international politics and organisations; mass media; mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion Series description The data belong to the series: Individual datasets Individual datasets contain those datasets that do not belong to any series. Abstract The survey studied Finnish political participation and attitudes to the EU membership referendum pre- and post-referendum. Other questions examined what respondents thought of referendums on the whole, what were their political leanings and attitudes to different groups (e.g. refugees, police, certain nationalities). Respondents stated their views on e.g. exercising influence by voting, decision-makers attitudes to voters, the need to supervise industry and commerce, immigration, equality between men and women and income disparity. They were asked about maintaining the traditional Finnish values, scaling down the public sector, restricting women s right to abortion and increasing the price of alcoholic beverages. Some questions dealt with the level of confidence in politicians, the position of Finnish parties on the left-right axis and the most important objectives of political activity. The survey queried how often respondents read about political and foreign affairs in the newspaper, watched news or current affairs programmes on the television or listened to Finnish Broadcasting Company s (YLE) radio news. Respondents were asked whether the media had affected 2

9 1.3. Structure and collection of the data their opinion of Finland s EU membership, how important the membership was to them and would they have preferred to leave the decision to the government and parliament. The opinions of the respondents friends and relatives on EU membership were examined. Respondents were asked how interested and how well informed they were of EU issues, what was their stand on Finland s membership and did they intend to vote in the referendum. Respondents views on the consequences of EU membership on various matters, e.g. Finland s environment, economic life, employment, agriculture, social security, equality, military security, national independence and living conditions were also surveyed. The final themes explored opinions about Finland s foreign policy, policy of neutrality, armed defence, armed forces financing and EU s effect on Finland s security situation. Background variables included knowledge of foreign languages, income, education, gender and region of residence. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographical coverage: Finland Unit of analysis: Person Universe: Finns born before 1976, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: September 1994 November 1994 Data collector: Gallup Finland Data producer: University of Tampere Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview, telephone interview and postal survey Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1994 Time method of the data collection: Panel study Number of variables and cases: The data contain 259 variables and 1559 cases. Sampling procedure: multistage stratified sampling The sampling design was three-staged. Firstly the number of subjects required by the survey was divided regionally by province. In the second stage the number of subjects was divided within each province into municipality subgroups, depending on the municipality type. City municipalities were grouped into big and small cities and rural municipalities into three different subgroups based on the occupational structure of the population. The third stage consisted of sampling starting points from the sample municipalities according to their population size. The interviews were conducted with the random-walk method. Six interviews were made starting from the randomly selected starting points. One member corresponding to the age and gender eligibility criteria was chosen for the interview from every sample household persons were interviewed. Nine interviews were excluded because the respondent did not have the right to vote, so the data contain 1559 subjects. Of these 1316 participated in the post-referendum survey, which was conducted over the telephone or in some cases by mailed questionnaire. 3

10 1. Study description 1.4 Use of data Data appraisal The data contain both pre-referendum questions (q1-q97) and post-referendum questions (p1- p22). The variables connected to open-ended questions are excluded: respondent s occupation (q3, q4), spouse s occupation (q8), which newspapers the respondent reads (q40), reasons for opposing or supporting EU membership (q59), reasons why Finland should join or not join the EU (q61a, q61b, q62a, q62b), best debaters on television (p2), most convincing public figures (p4), main reasons for voting for or against the EU (p9, p10) and the reason for not voting at all (p12). Related publications Borg, Sami (2006). Käsitykset kansalaisuudesta ja omista vaikuttamismahdollisuuksista. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Moen, Kathrine L., Øyangen, Irene & Jenssen, Anders Todal (1996). The 1994 Nordic EU Referendums Study: Study description and codebook. Trondheim: Norwegian University of Science and Technology: Department of Sociology and Political Science. ISS-Rapport; 44. Paloheimo, Heikki (2006). Asenteet poliittisia instituutioita ja toimijoita kohtaan. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (2006). Toim. Sami Borg. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Suomen EU-kansanäänestys 1994: raportti äänestäjien kannanotoista (1994). Toim. Pesonen, Pertti. Helsinki: Ulkoasiainministeriö, eurooppatiedotus. To join or not to join: three Nordic referendums on membership in the European Union (1998). Toim. Anders Todal Jenssen & Pertti Pesonen & Mikael Gilljam. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. Valentini, Chiara (2008). Promoting the European Union. Comparative analysis of EU communication strategies in Finland and in Italy. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä. Jyväskylä University Printing House. Valentini, Chiara (2008). Promoting the European Union. Comparative analysis of EU communication strategies in Finland and in Italy. Germany, Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Muller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. Updated list of publications in the study description at Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive 4

11 1.4. Use of data Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions Access to the data granted for scientific and teaching purposes; FSD s access application procedure. 5

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13 Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1559 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1559 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation

14 2. Variables [FSD_PRO] FSD processing level Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. A (see codebook) 1 B (see codebook) C (dataset has not been checked at FSD) [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1559 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [NRO] naire number naire number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1559 (continued on next page) 8

15 Q2 (cont. from previous page) statistic value minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q1] Which alternative on this card offers best describes your current main activity? Which alternative on this card offers best describes your current main activity? Employee Farmer, self-employed, entrepreneur Unemployed In military service Student On old age pension On early retirement Homemaker Something else Can t say [Q2] How many employees do you have? How many employees do you have? No employees employees employees or more (continued on next page) 9

16 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Irrelevant Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q5] In which branch do you/did you work? In which branch do you/did you work? Agriculture, forestry, fishing Industry, handicraft, mining Construction Commerce Banking, insurance and real estate Private services (hotels, restaurants, hairdressers) Transportation, mail and telecommunication Municipal and state administration Teaching and research Public services (police, defence, health care, church) Other branch Irrelevant/not in employment Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q6] Which of the alternatives in this card best describes your present or last employer? Which of the alternatives in this card best describes your present or last employer? 10

17 Q9 The state Municipality, federation of municipalities, parish State-owned company Private manufacturing company Private service company Other private enterprise Own farm Own business Something else Is not/not in employment Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q7] Respondent s marital status Respondent s marital status Married Cohabiting Single Widowed Divorced missing data (SYSMIS) [Q9] Are you a member of any trade union, professional association or employer organization? Are you a member of any trade union, professional association or employer organization? 11

18 2. Variables SAK Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions AKAVA Confederation of Unions for Academic Professionals STTK Finnish Confederation of Salaried Employees MTK Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owner SYKL Confederation of Finnish Entrepreneurs Other organization, which? Not a member Can t say [Q10] (IF A MEMBER) Do you participate actively or are you only a member? (IF A MEMBER) Do you participate actively or are you only a member? Active member Non-active member Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q11_1] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Political party organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Political party organization Not a member Non-active member (continued on next page) 12

19 Q11_3 (cont. from previous page) Active member Can t say [Q11_2] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Religious organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Religious organization Not a member Non-active member Active member Can t say [Q11_3] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Sports club Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Sports club Not a member Non-active member Active member Can t say

20 2. Variables [Q11_4] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Women s organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Women s organization Not a member Non-active member Active member Can t say [Q11_5] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Charity organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Charity organization Not a member Non-active member Active member Can t say [Q11_6] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Veteran and reservist organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Veteran and reservist organization 14

21 Not a member Non-active member Active member Can t say Q12_1 [Q11_7] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Song, music, or other cultural organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Song, music, or other cultural organization Not a member Non-active member Active member Can t say [Q12_1] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: No Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/nonactive member: No Not mentioned Mentioned

22 2. Variables [Q12_2] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: Yes, other organizations in which a non-active member Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/nonactive member: Yes, other organizations in which a non-active member Not mentioned Mentioned [Q12_3] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations in which you are an active/non-active member: Yes, other organizations in which an active member Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations in which you are an active/nonactive member: Yes, other organizations in which an active member Not mentioned Mentioned [Q12_4] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: Can t say Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/nonactive member: Can t say 16

23 Not mentioned Mentioned Q14 [Q13] How interested are you in politics? How interested are you in politics? Very interested Rather interested Not very interested Not at all interested Can t say [Q14] When discussing politics with people who disagree with you, have you tried to make them agree with you? When discussing politics with people who disagree with you, have you tried to make them agree with you? Often Sometimes Never Can t say

24 2. Variables [Q15_1] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Signed a petition or equivalent? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Signed a petition or equivalent? Have done Could do Would not do Can t say [Q15_2] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Participated in a demonstration? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Participated in a demonstration? Have done Could do Would not do Can t say [Q15_3] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Written about politics in a newspaper? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Written about politics in a newspaper? 18

25 Q15_5 Have done Could do Would not do Can t say [Q15_4] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Contacted a MP, municipal councillor or other politician? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Contacted a MP, municipal councillor or other politician? Have done Could do Would not do Can t say [Q15_5] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Worn a political button? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Worn a political button? Have done Could do Would not do (continued on next page) 19

26 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Can t say [Q15_6] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Attended a political meeting or event? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Attended a political meeting or event? Have done Could do Would not do Can t say [Q16] Do you generally think yourself as a supporter of a particular political party? Do you generally think yourself as a supporter of a particular political party? Yes No Can t say missing data (SYSMIS)

27 Q18_1 [Q17] What party do you support? What party do you support? Centre Party (KESK) Social Democratic Party (SDP) National Coalition Party (KOK) Left Alliance (VAS) Green League (VIHR) Swedish People s Party (RKP) Finnish Rural Party (SMP) Christian League (SKL) Liberal Party (LKP) Other party Refused to say Irrelevant missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_1] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The Church On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The Church -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (continued on next page) 21

28 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_2] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Parliament On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Parliament -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_3] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is attitude towards: Small entrepreneurs On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is attitude towards: Small entrepreneurs 22

29 Q18_4-5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say [Q18_4] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Refugees On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Refugees -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS)

30 2. Variables [Q18_5] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Feminist movement On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Feminist movement -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_6] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The police On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The police -5 (very negative) (continued on next page) 24

31 Q18_7 (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_7] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Gypsies On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Gypsies -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS)

32 2. Variables [Q18_8] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements for the EU membership On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements for the EU membership -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_9] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements against the EU membership On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements against the EU membership -5 (very negative) (continued on next page) 26

33 Q18_10 (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_10] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Centre Party On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Centre Party -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS)

34 2. Variables [Q18_11] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Social Democratic Party of Finland On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Social Democratic Party of Finland -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_12] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: National Coalition Party On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: National Coalition Party -5 (very negative) (continued on next page) 28

35 Q18_13 (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_13] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Left Alliance On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Left Alliance -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS)

36 2. Variables [Q18_14] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Green League On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Green League -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_15] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedish People s Party On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedish People s Party -5 (very negative) (continued on next page) 30

37 Q18_16 (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_16] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Finnish Rural Party On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Finnish Rural Party -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS)

38 2. Variables [Q18_17] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Christian League of Finland On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Christian League of Finland -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_18] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Liberal Party On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Liberal Party -5 (very negative) (continued on next page) 32

39 Q18_19 (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_19] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS)

40 2. Variables [Q18_20] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organization of Industry and Employers On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organization of Industry and Employers -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_21] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK) On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK) -5 (very negative) (continued on next page) 34

41 Q18_22 (cont. from previous page) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_22] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Norwegians On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Norwegians -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS)

42 2. Variables [Q18_23] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedes On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedes -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_24] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Germans On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Germans -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (continued on next page) 36

43 Q18_26 (cont. from previous page) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_25] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Frenchmen On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Frenchmen -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_26] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Estonians On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Estonians 37

44 2. Variables -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_27] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Poles On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Poles -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS)

45 Q18_29 [Q18_28] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Russians On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Russians -5 (very negative) (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18_29] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Americans On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Americans -5 (very negative) (continued on next page) 39

46 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) (very positive) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q19_1] Those who sit in Parliament making decisions don t much care what ordinary people think Those who sit in Parliament making decisions don t much care what ordinary people think Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_2] Political parties are only intrested in people s votes, not in their opinions Political parties are only intrested in people s votes, not in their opinions Strongly agree (continued on next page) 40

47 Q19_4 (cont. from previous page) Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_3] By voting people can really have a say about how things are run in this country By voting people can really have a say about how things are run in this country Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_4] In Finland s present economic situation we must know how to cut down environmental demands In Finland s present economic situation we must know how to cut down environmental demands Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree (continued on next page) 41

48 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_5] Society needs to control business so that banks and industry do not become too influential Society needs to control business so that banks and industry do not become too influential Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_6] People like me can vote but that is the only way we can have any say about politics People like me can vote but that is the only way we can have any say about politics Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say

49 Q19_9 [Q19_7] Finland s national identity is seriously threatened by immigration Finland s national identity is seriously threatened by immigration Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_8] Finnish culture compares favorably with the culture of other countries Finnish culture compares favorably with the culture of other countries Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_9] Sometimes politics seems so complicated that I cannot quite understand what is going on Sometimes politics seems so complicated that I cannot quite understand what is going on 43

50 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_10] In this country, real power is not in the hands of the Government and Parliament but somewhere else In this country, real power is not in the hands of the Government and Parliament but somewhere else Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_11] In order to enhance people s own initiative and enterprise we have to accept widening income differences In order to enhance people s own initiative and enterprise we have to accept widening income differences Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent (continued on next page) 44

51 Q19_13 (cont. from previous page) Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_12] Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with voters Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with voters Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q19_13] When times are hard, the most important thing is to take care of employment of the Finns When times are hard, the most important thing is to take care of employment of the Finns Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say

52 2. Variables [Q19_14] Whether Finland acts wisely or wrongly I shall always support my country Whether Finland acts wisely or wrongly I shall always support my country Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Both agree and disagree Can t say [Q20] Equality between men and women has been highlighted in the past few years. What is your opinion on the issue, should equality be developed further or has it gone too far? Equality between men and women has been highlighted in the past few years. What is your opinion on the issue, should equality be developed further or has it gone too far? Must be developed further Has been developed far enough Has gone too far No opinion Can t say [Q21_1] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which safeguards traditional Finnish values What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which safeguards traditional Finnish values 46

53 Q21_3 Very good Rather good Neither good nor bad Rather bad Very bad Can t say [Q21_2] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must cut down the public sector What do you think of the following suggestions: We must cut down the public sector Very good Rather good Neither good nor bad Rather bad Very bad Can t say [Q21_3] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must promote an environmentally friendly society even if it means slow or no economic growth What do you think of the following suggestions: We must promote an environmentally friendly society even if it means slow or no economic growth (continued on next page) 47

54 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Very good Rather good Neither good nor bad Rather bad Very bad Can t say [Q21_4] What do you think of the following suggestions: Right to free abortion must be restricted What do you think of the following suggestions: Right to free abortion must be restricted Very good Rather good Neither good nor bad Rather bad Very bad Can t say [Q21_5] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must raise the price of alcohol considerably to decrease alcohol misuse and damages caused by it What do you think of the following suggestions: We must raise the price of alcohol considerably to decrease alcohol misuse and damages caused by it 48

55 Very good Rather good Neither good nor bad Rather bad Very bad Can t say Q21_7 [Q21_6] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which has rapid economic growth and high productivity What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which has rapid economic growth and high productivity Very good Rather good Neither good nor bad Rather bad Very bad Can t say [Q21_7] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must reduce aid given to developing countries What do you think of the following suggestions: We must reduce aid given to developing countries Very good Rather good Neither good nor bad (continued on next page) 49

56 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Rather bad Very bad Can t say [Q21_8] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must work toward a multi-cultural society in which people from other countries and people with different religions and other life styles are well tolerated What do you think of the following suggestions: We must work toward a multi-cultural society in which people from other countries and people with different religions and other life styles are well tolerated Very good Rather good Neither good nor bad Rather bad Very bad Can t say [Q22] In general, how much do you trust Finnish politicians? In general, how much do you trust Finnish politicians? Very much Quite a lot Not very much Not at all (continued on next page) 50

57 Q23A_2 (cont. from previous page) Can t say [Q23A_1] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Centre Party Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Centre Party Left Neither lef nor right Right Can t say [Q23A_2] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Social Democratic Party Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Social Democratic Party Left (continued on next page) 51

58 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Neither lef nor right Right Can t say [Q23A_3] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: National Coalition Party Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: National Coalition Party Left Neither lef nor right Right Can t say