Kaavoihin kangistumista vai käytännöllistä viisautta? Suomen alueellinen ydinasevalvontapolitiikka kylmän sodan aikana Tapio Juntunen Artikkeli Aloite Pohjolan ydinaseettomasta vyöhykkeestä vakiintui kylmän sodan edetessä lähes pysyvältä vaivahvistamisen lisäksi alueelliset ydinasevalvonta-aloitteet tarjosivat Suomelle ulkopoliittisen kanavan suurvaltojen ydinasepolitiikan Pohjolaan tuottamien heijastevaikutusten käsittelemiseksi. Tultaessa 1980-luvulle vyöhykealoitteen ympärille kypsyi Pohjoismaiden välinen käytäntöyhteys, jonka ylläpitämisestä muodostui Suomen ulkopolitiikassa lähes itseisarvoinen tavoite. Käytännön kypsyessä siihen limittynyt kokemusperäinen tieto alkoi myös ohjata Suomessa tehtyjä tulkintoja ydinasepolitiikassa sekä eurooppalaisessa turvallisuusjärjestyksessä tapahtuneiden heilahdusten vaikutuksista Pohjolan vakauspolitiikkaan. Suomen Pohjolan ydinaseetonta vyöhykettä koskevan politiikan historia tarjoaakin mielenkiintoisen esimerkin itseään toistavan tavanomaisuuden logiikan sekä käytännöllisen viisauden välisestä jännitteestä ulkopolitiikan tekemisessä ja käytännöissä. Avainsanat: käytäntökäänne, Pohjolan ydinaseeton vyöhyke, Suomen ulkopolitiikka, ydinaseet, ydinaseriisunta Johdanto 1 ± ± ± ƒ ± ƒ ± ± ƒ) ƒ ; ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ) ) ; ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ;± ± ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ) ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ä ƒ ± ƒ ± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ ; ± ƒ ± ± ± ä ± ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ƒ) ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ƒ) ƒ ± ƒ ƒ ; ± ± ƒ ; ; ± ± ƒ ;± ± ±;ƒ ;ƒ ƒ; ± ; ƒ) ƒ ± ± ;;± ± ± ; ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ;;± ƒ ± 1 Tutkimus on tehty osana Suomen Akatemian rahoittamaa tutkimushanketta Reimagining Futures in the European North at the End of the Cold War (SA268669). Kahden nimettömän vertaisarvioitsijan arvokkaiden nä - kemysten lisäksi haluan kiittää tutkimushankkeeseen osallistuvia kollegoitani artikkelin aikaisemman version kommentoinnista. Kosmopolis Vol. 46: 1/2016 27
Tapio Juntunen ; ; ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±; ± ƒ) ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ ; ;; ) ; ± ± ± ;ƒ ;±±) ± ± ; ± ;±± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ; ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ƒ ;± ± ; ); ± ƒ) ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ƒ ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ƒ± ;ƒ ;± )ƒ ƒ ± ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;;± ) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ; ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ƒ ; ± ƒƒ ; ±± ƒ ± ƒ± ±; å ± å ± ± ä ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±± ± ;ƒ ;±±)± ;; ƒ± ± å å ±; ± ± ; ± ;; ;; ± ± ; ; ; ; ; ƒ) ƒ ± ± ±± ±± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ; ± ± ; ± ; ± ± ; ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ;;± ± ; ) ± ƒ ; ; ;± ; ± ;;± ± ± ± ± ± ; ; ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒƒ ± ƒ) ƒ ± ±± ± ± ;±± ± ± ; ± ƒ ± ± ; ± ; ; ƒ ƒ ; ± ƒƒ ; ƒ ±± ;;± ± ± ± )± ± ; ƒ ; ± ±± ± ±± ;ƒ ;±±)± ;; ƒ ; ± ± ; ± ƒƒ ± ;; ) Käytännöllisyyden logiikka ± ; ) ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ± ; ± ±; ) ± ƒ ; ± ± ; ; ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ;;± ƒ ) ± ± ± ± ± ) ; ;ƒ ;±±)± ; ; ± ƒ ƒ ƒƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ; ±; 28 Kosmopolis
Kaavoihin kangistumista vai käytännöllistä viisautta? ±;ƒ ;ƒ ƒ ±± ;;±±) ± ± ä ;;±±) ) ± ± ± ± ± ;;± ± ± ;± ± ;ƒ ;± ))± ± ±± ; ƒ ;ƒ ;±±) ƒ) ± ± ä ;ƒ ;± ) ; ƒ± ƒƒ ± ± ± ; ; ;ƒ ;±±) ƒ ;;± ƒ ± ; ; ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ; ± ;±± ± ; ) ± ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ;;± ± ; ; ) ä ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ƒ ± ; ; ƒ ƒƒ ; ± ; ; ± ;ƒ ;± ) ;;± ± ± ± ± ; ; ± ± ; ) ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ; ) ±; ± ± ± ;; ; ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ± ƒ ; ; ; ;;± ± ± ;ƒ ;±±) ƒƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±; ± ± ± ä ± ± ƒƒ ; ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ;ƒ ;±±) ƒƒ ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ; ± ;; ƒ; ± ;; ;; ; ; ± ±± ±± ± ;; ƒƒ ± ± ± 6 ± ƒ) ä ± ƒ ± ;; ;; ;; ± ;; ) ± ± ± ;; ) ± ± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ±; ) ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ;;± ± ; ; ± ±± ±± ± ;; ƒ± ±± ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ;ƒ ;±±)± ± ± ; ;± ; ƒ ;± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ;; ) ± ± ±± ƒ) ± ä ± ± ± ; ƒ ; ;; ±; ± ƒ ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ä ƒ ) ± ± ƒ) ± ± ± ± ± ±± ± ±; ) ; ± ; ) ƒƒ ; ;ƒ ;± ) ± ;; ;; ; ± ± ±± ;ƒ ;±±) ; ± ± ± ;; ;; ± ;ƒ ) ; ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ± ± ƒ ±; ± ± ± ± ± ;ƒ ;±±)± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Kosmopolis 29
Tapio Juntunen ± ± ± ; ƒ ±; ± ƒ) ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ;;± ± ±± ± ±± ƒ ;;± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ƒ) ±; ƒ ± ± ± ) ± ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ; ± ± ± ;ƒ ;± ); ƒ ; ; ± ;;± ) ± ± ± ; ; ± ±; ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ; ;ƒ ;±±) ƒƒ ± ± ± ; ; ; ± ƒ) ƒ±± ;;± ±± ± ;;± ± ± ƒƒ ±; ± ±; ± ± ± ;; ± ± ± ±± ± ± ;ƒ ;±±)± ;; ƒ± ; ) ; ±± ; ) ± ± ± ; ; ;±± ; ; ƒ ± ƒ) ƒ ± ± ± ; ) ; ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ± ± ± Historiallinen taustoitus: PYV-politiikan kaksi ensimmäistä aaltoa 1963 1975 ± ± ± ; ± ± ;ƒ±± ƒ ± ± ; ; ; ± ± ä ; ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± å ± ± ± ; ƒ ± ± ƒ ± ± ; ;± ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ; ± ;±± ƒ ± å ƒ) ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 6± ± ±± ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ; ; ; ±± ± ± ± ± ± Ι ± ± 6± ƒ ± ± ; ± ± ± ; ; ± ä ± ± ± ä ä ± ƒ ± ± ;ƒ ƒ ; ± ; ± ± ± õr ƒ ± ƒ) ƒ ; ± ;; ƒ ± ± ; ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ; ƒ ; ;± ;±± ± ;ƒ ; ; ± ; ; ; ± ± ƒ ä ± ƒ ± ± ± ; )± ;±±; ; ± ±± ƒ ± 2 Käytäntökäänne eroaa valtioiden ulkopolitiikan oppirakenteiden, doktriinien ja julkilausuttujen ohjelmien muutosta selittämään pyrkivistä teorioista ja malleista. Käytäntökäänteestä nouseva tutkimus on sen sijaan kiinnostunut ulkopolitiikan toimintatapojen historiallisesta tarkastelusta sekä toimijalähtöisten merkitysten ja käytännön päättelyn tulkinnasta. (Ks. Pouliot 2010; Neumann 2002; Lequesne 2015; vrt. Herman 1990; ks. myös Pursiainen & Forsberg 2015, 174 187, 232 242.) 30 Kosmopolis
Kaavoihin kangistumista vai käytännöllistä viisautta? ± ± ± ± ;;±±ƒ ; ; ± ± ± ) ) ; ä ± ± ; ±; ± ± ± ±± ; ; ; ± ± Ü ± ƒ ± ƒ) ƒ ; ± ä ± ± ä ± ƒ) ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ƒ) ; ± ;; ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ; ± ; ; ;ƒ ƒ± ± ± ±; ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ; ; ± ;±± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ä ; ) ;;± ± ± ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ;± ± ± ± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ ± ± ± ± ; ƒ ƒ ƒ ; ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ± ƒ) ± ä ; ;; ; ; ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ) ; ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ;;± ± ±± ± ± ± ƒ± ± ± ± ±; ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ; ± ± ƒ) ƒ ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ; ƒ ƒ) ƒ ± ± ± ±± ± ;± ;±± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ä ) ) ;± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ; ;; ±± å ± ; ;;± ± ± ± ƒ) ; ± ± ± ±å ƒ ± ±± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ±; ƒƒ ; ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ±± ±; ± ƒ) ; ) ; ; ± ± ± ± ± ; ; ;ƒ ƒ; ± ± ƒ ; ;; ± ±± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± Kosmopolis 31
Tapio Juntunen ;;± ± ± ± ; ± ± ; ; ± ± ±; ; ± ± ± ± ƒ± ƒ ; ± ± ä ±± ƒ± ± ± ± ± ä ± ä ; ± ± ± ± ; ; ;± ƒ ± ; ± ± ± ± ± å ± ± å ±± ± ƒ ± ± ; ± ± ; ±ƒƒ ± ä ± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ;; ;± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ ;± ± ± ± ± ; ±; ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ± ; ; ±± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ± ) ä ± ± ; ± ±± ± ; ; ± ± ƒ ± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ± ; ; ƒ ± ±± ± ; ± ±; ;; ) ƒ ± ƒ) ƒ ; ƒ ± ± ; ; ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ;± å ± ± ƒ ± ƒ) ƒ å ƒ ; ± ± ± ƒ) ;; ƒ) ƒ ± ± ; ƒ ƒ ; ± ± ± ; ± ± ;;± ) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ) ± ± ä ƒ) ƒ ± ± ƒ ; ƒ ƒ ± ;ƒ ;±±)± ƒ) ± ƒ ; ± ± ƒ ƒ; ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ ;± ± ± ± ± ± ±± ± ± ; ƒ ; ƒƒ ƒ ± ±± ± ƒ ± ± ƒ) ƒ ± ± ± ± ) ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ± ;; ± ƒ ± ± ; ƒ ; ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ±±ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ±; ± ƒ ± ; ± ; ± ; ;;± ± ± ; ; ;; ;;± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ; ± ; ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ±±ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ; ± ± ƒ ± ; ± ± ) ä ± ± ± ; ; ± ; ± ±; ; ; ± ; ä ± ) ) ; ; ƒ ä ± ƒ) ƒ ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ; ƒ)± ; ± ± ± 32 Kosmopolis
Kaavoihin kangistumista vai käytännöllistä viisautta? ± ±± ; ƒ ; ; ±; ± ;; ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ; ± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ; ; ƒ ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ±; ± ; ± ± ± ± å ; ; ± ; ± ± ± ± ±± ƒ) ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ; ƒ ƒ ƒ ; ± ± ± ƒ ; ; ± ± ± ± ± ; ;± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;; ± ƒ ± ± ± ±±ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ; ± ± ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± PYV-politiikan kolmas aalto ja risteilyohjusuhka 1970-luvun lopussa ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± å ± ±å ± ± ; ) ƒƒ ; ± ± ) ) ; ä ±;ƒ ;ƒ ƒƒ ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ;; ) ± ; ± ƒ ; ; ± ;±; ±± ± ± ± ä ± ±± ± ; ; ƒƒ ± ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ±± ±± ± ± ;; ƒ ± ± ; ; ƒ ƒ ; ±± ± ± ± ; ; ± ± ± ä ± ± ; ; å ƒ å ;;± ƒ ± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ±± ± ; ;± ± ƒ) )± ± ƒ ƒ ± ) ) ;; ± ± ; ;;± ; ; ± ± ± ± ƒ ; ; ± ± ; ; ± ; )± ± ± ; ;ƒ ;±±) ƒƒ ± ± ±; ) ± ± ±± ± ± ±;ƒ ;ƒ ƒƒ ƒ ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ±; ;; ;ƒ ;± ); ± ± ± ± ± ƒ± ±± ä ± ± ± ) ; ± ƒ) ƒ ; ± ƒ ; ± ƒ) ƒ ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ±; ) ƒ ƒ) ; ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± 3 UMA 89 H PYV 1976, Pohjolan ydinaseetonta vyöhykettä koskevat kannanotot Pohjoismaissa ja Neuvostoliitossa, 23.4.1976. Kosmopolis 33
Tapio Juntunen ;; ; ± ; ;ƒ ƒ ; ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ ; ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ä ±± ; ƒ ± ; ; ;;± ± ƒ ƒ ± ; ;± ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ±; ) ± ;; ; ; ± å ± ± å ;ƒ ;±±) ; ± ± ± ± ±± ± ± ±± ƒ ; ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ±± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ; ; ; ± ± ; ; ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ;; ± ä ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ)±± ƒ ± ƒ ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ƒ ± ; ; ;±± ; ƒ ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ;±± ƒ ; ƒ ƒ ; ± ;± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ; ±; ± ä ± ; ± ± ± ƒƒ± ;; ) ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ; ± ±± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ ; ƒ ± ; ; ± ± ± ; ± ƒ ä ± ± ± ± ƒ ; ;±± ; ± ± ; ;± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ;±± ± ;; ± ± ± ± ƒ) ; ± ±± ; ;;± ± ±± ƒ ± ± ± ä ; ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ƒ ± ± ; ; ;ƒ ; ;± ± ±±; ) ƒƒ ; ; ± ƒ ± ± ± ;;± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ;; ) ± ƒ ± ±; ± ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±± ± ƒ ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± 4 UMA erittäin salaiset, Pohjolan ydinaseeton vyöhyke ja siihen liittyvät toimenpiteet, 4.3.1976. 5 UKA, TPK, PM/JK/77, Carterin ulkopolitiikan lähtökohdista, tavoitteista ja tähänastisista tuloksista, 20.9.1977. Myös tutkijayhteisö kiinnitti varhain huomiota risteilyohjusteknologian vaikutuksiin, ks. Väyrynen 1978. 34 Kosmopolis
Kaavoihin kangistumista vai käytännöllistä viisautta? ± ± ; ; ± ± ± ±; ) ± ƒ± ƒ ; ; ± ± ± ± ±± ± ƒ ± ± ± ; ƒ ± ± ;ƒ ); ƒ) ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ±; ± ± ;; ;;± ;±± ; ± ƒ ; ƒ ± ± ƒ ± ; ±±; ± ± ƒ ƒ; ; ; ±± ± ä ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ± ; ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ƒ) ƒ ;±± ± ± ± ; ± ± ƒ ±± ± ; ; ;ƒ ; ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ; ƒ ; ; ; ± ± ± ;ƒ ± ƒ ; ƒ ±; ± ± ; ; ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ;; ; ± ± ƒ ± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ± ; ƒ ± ± ± ;ƒ ƒ; ± ; ± ± ± ± ; ; ± ± ± ± ±ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ; ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ƒ ± ± ±± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ±ƒ ƒ ± ƒ) ) ) ; ä ± ± ± ± ± ±ƒ ;;±±ƒ ;; ± ± ; ; ƒ ; ± ± ƒ ± ± ±± ƒ ; ±± ± ± ;;±±ƒ ; ± ±± ± ƒ ± ± ± ; ;± ± ± ± ±; ± ± ± ä ± ±± ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ; ± ± )± ƒ ; ; ± ± ± ± ± ; ƒ ; ;; ± ± ± ± ; ± ƒ ± ;;± ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Kosmopolis 35
Tapio Juntunen ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ; ; ; ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ) ; ƒ ± ; ƒ ; ƒ ± ± ± ƒ ±; ƒƒ ; ± ; ;± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ; ±±; ± ± ± ƒ ; ; ; ; ; ; ± ± ± ;± ± ± ± ±; ) ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ƒ) ;;± ƒ ± ± ƒ ; ); ± ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ ± ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ; ± ƒ ; ± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ; ƒ; ; ƒ) ± ± ±; ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ; ; ±± ƒƒ ;; ± õr ±;± ; ä ; ; ± ± ±± ƒ ; ƒ ; ; õr ± ƒ ƒ ± ; ± ± ± ± )± ± ; ƒ ; ; ± ± ±± ± ; ±; ) ± ƒ ; ; ± ; ± ± ;;± ± ; ;± ± ± ± ± ; )± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ; ; ; ; ± ;;± ) ± ; ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ä ƒ) ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ƒ ± ± ± ; ± ±± ;ƒ ;±±)± ;; ƒ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ) ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ; ; ƒƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ;ƒ ;± )±; Pohjoismaisen käytäntöyhteyden vakiintuminen 1980-luvulla ± ± ;; ) ; ± ƒ) ;ƒ ± ± ± ; ;± ± ƒ ;± ± ± ± ±±;± ± ƒ ± ± ; ; ± ± ; ± ƒ ± ± ± 6 UMA PYV-PAJ 1975 81, kc 15, Yhteenveto tähänastisista Pohjolan asevalvontajärjestelmää (PAJ) koskevista keskusteluista, 13.11.1978 36 Kosmopolis
Kaavoihin kangistumista vai käytännöllistä viisautta? ± ; ± ƒ ƒ±; ± ± ± ±±;± ±; ƒ ƒ) ± ;;± ƒ± ±; ±± ± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ ƒ) ; ; ± ;; ± ƒ) ; ± ± ± ä ; ; ;;± ; ; ƒ) ± ;± ± ± ± ± ± ; å ± ƒ) ƒ ;å ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ;;±± ± ƒ) ƒ ± ƒ ; ;;± ƒ±ƒ ± ; ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ä ;ƒ ;± )ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ƒƒ ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ; ƒ ; ± ± ƒ ± ; ƒ ; ) ) ; ± å ƒ ƒ ;å ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ; ƒ ; ; ± ; å ± ± ± ± ; ƒ; ; ;;å ± ±± ;;±± ƒ)± ± ± ±; ± ± ƒ ± ± ;;± ƒ± ± ± ;ƒ ; ± ± ƒ ± ;ƒ ;;± ± ± ; ; ± ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ±± ƒ ;ƒ ± ; ; ; ± ± ± ± ƒ ; ; ƒ ä ƒ ± ±± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ; ± ± ƒ ;± ƒ) ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ±± ƒ) ± ƒ ± ± ; ± ä ƒ ± ; ; ; ; ƒ) ;;± ±±; ) ; ; ƒ ± ;ƒ ƒ ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ;ƒ±± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ä ± ± ± ƒ ± ; ± ± ± ; ƒ ;± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±± ± ± ; ± ;± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± 7 UMA PYV 89 H 1981 III-IV, Pohjolan ydinaseeton vyöhyke Pohjoismaiden ulkoministerien kokouksessa 2. 3.9.1981 ; Ydinaseeton Pohjola, 16.10.1981. Kosmopolis 37
Tapio Juntunen ; ; ; ± ± ± ± ƒ ƒ; ; ä ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ; ± ± ± ƒ ± ; ± ± ;; ;± ± ± ; ± ± ƒ ± ƒ ; ±; ) ƒ ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ; ± ƒ)±± ƒ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ± ± Ü ± ± ± ; ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ±; ± ± ± ƒ ƒ)± ±; ) ±; ± ± ± ; ± ± ±± ; ± ± ƒ ;± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ±±ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ;± ± ± ± ;±± ±; ƒ ƒ) ± ;; ±± ± ± ± ± ) ƒ ; ± ƒ ; ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ± )± ± ± ƒ) ƒ ± ± ± ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ; ± ƒ) ƒ ; ± ƒ ; ± ± ; ƒ ; ± ; ƒ) ƒ ± ƒ±±ƒ ; ; ; ; ƒƒ ; ± ƒ ± ± ƒ ; ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ; ; ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ) ±; ±; ) ;; ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;±± ± ; ± ;;± ƒ ;± ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ;±± ± ± ± ; ;; ; ;; ; ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ä ±± ; ; ;;± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ; ;± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ;± ±± ± ä ä ; ± ; 8 UMA 14 1 INF/Suomi 1982 1987, Arvio keskimatkan ydinohjussopimuksen ja strategisten aseiden supistamisen vaikutuksista Suomen asemaan, 20.10.1987. 9 UMA 14 4 PYV Suomen toiminta ja kannanotot 1984 86, PYV: jatkoselvitys sotilaallisista näkökohdista, 24.1.1986. 38 Kosmopolis
Kaavoihin kangistumista vai käytännöllistä viisautta? ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ƒ± ± ;; ; ± ± ± ± ;; ± ± ; ± ± ; ƒ ± ; ± ; ä ; ± ± ä ± ± ; ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ; ƒƒ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;; Ü ; ± ; ; ;;± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ; ; ± ± ;±ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ; ± ; ± ) ) ; ƒ ± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ; ± ; ; ; ± ; ; ± ± ± )± ± ± ; ; ; ± ± ± å å ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ±; ± ƒ ƒ ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒƒ ± ± ± ƒ ; ƒ ± ; ± ± ±± ± ± ± ; ƒ± ; ± ± ƒ ± ; ; ± ± ± ; ƒ ± ƒ ± ± ƒ ± ±± ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ; ± ; ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ƒ; ± ± ä ƒ ƒ ; ± ƒ ƒ ± ƒ ± ± ƒ) ƒ ± ± ƒ ; ; ± ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ± ;; ± ± ± ± ± ; ƒ) ± ± ; ± ± ± ;ƒ ;± )ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ± ƒ) ƒ ;± ƒ) ± ƒ ; ± ä ƒ) ƒ ± ± ±± ƒ ; ± ƒ ; ; ;± ƒ ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ; å å ±; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ƒ) ; ;ƒ ;± ) ± ;;± ±; ƒ ± ± ± ; ƒ ; ƒ ; )± ± ä ± ± ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ä ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ƒ ± 10 UMA 14 4 PYV Suomen toiminta ja kannanotot 1984 86, Pohjolan ydinaseeton vyöhyke: poliittisen osaston selvitys, 30.3.1984. Kosmopolis 39
Tapio Juntunen ± ± ; ; ) ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ;ƒ ;± )±; ; ;;± ; ± ± ; ; ; ; ± ; ) ± ƒ ± ± ±± ± ƒ ; ƒ ± ± ± ; ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;ƒ ;±±)± ; ƒ ; ± Johtopäätökset ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ;ƒ ;±±)± ± ± ± ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ; ± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ±± ± ± ± ƒ ;; ; ); ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;± ; ± ;± ± ± ;ƒ ;±±)± ± ; ; ƒƒ ± ± ±± ± ± ± ; ; ± ± ± ; ; ;±± ; ± ± ± 6 6 ± ± ± ; ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ± ; ± ; ; ƒ ; ± ƒ) ƒƒ ; ; ; ) ;± ± ; ƒ ; ; ƒ) ± ä ;± ± ± ± ± ;ƒ ;±±) ƒƒ ± ± ; ; ± ±± ± ± ±± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ± ; ƒ ± ± ± ±± ±± ± ƒƒ ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ± ± ±; ) ± ± )ƒ ; ; ; ;ƒ ;±±) ƒƒ ± ± ± ; ; ± ±± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ±ƒ ; ƒ ƒ) ƒ ± ; ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ; ; ƒ ƒ ; ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ƒ ;± ± ± ± ; ;± ƒ ƒ ; ± ; ;± ± ± ± ± ƒ) ƒ ±; ± ƒ ; ± ; ± ±; ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ƒ ; ; ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ±± ± ƒ ± ± ± ±± ± 6 ± ±± ± ;ƒ ;± ) ± ;; ) ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ;; ) ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;ƒ ;±±) ±± ± 40 Kosmopolis
Kaavoihin kangistumista vai käytännöllistä viisautta? ± ± ƒ ;; ; ± ;;± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;ƒ ;± ±) ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ) ± ;ƒ ;± ); ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±;ƒ ;ƒ ƒƒ ± ± ƒ ; )± ± ± ± ; ± ; ± ± ƒ ± ± ƒ) ƒ± ; ;;± ;ƒ ;±±) ƒƒ ± ± ƒ ± ±± ± ; ; ƒ ƒ ; ± ; ; ± ƒ) ;ƒ ;± ± ± ± ; ± ; ; ; ± ±; ƒ ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±± ±± ± ƒ) ;; ) ± ƒ ; ƒ ƒ ± ; ;ƒ ;± )ƒ ƒ ± ± ƒ ƒ)± ƒ ; ±± ± ; ; ± ;ƒ ;± )ƒ ƒ ± ± ±± ± ƒ ± ± ± ; ;± ± ± ; ± ƒ ) ± ± ƒ ) ± ± ± ± ä ± ; ± ƒ) ± Lähteet å ± ƒ ƒ ± ± ± ƒ ± ±± ± ƒå ä ± ± ± å ± ± ± å ± ± ± ± ƒ ä ± å ± ±å ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ä å ± ± ± å ä ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± å ± ± ƒ) ƒ ± å ä ä ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ;± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ±ƒ ± ; ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ƒ ± ± å ± ƒ 6 ± ± ± å ± ä ± ƒ ;± ± ± ;;± ƒ Kosmopolis 41
Tapio Juntunen ƒ ä ± ± ± ± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ± ± ±± ± ± ±±ƒ ƒ ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ; ;± ƒ ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ƒ± ƒ ± Ò ƒƒ å ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± å ± ± ± ± Ò ± ± ;;± ± ± ± ± ± ± å ± ± ± å ƒ ± ± ± ± ä ± ± å é ± ± ƒ ± å ƒ ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ±± å ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒå ± ± ± ƒ ä ; ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ± ;; ± ƒ ± ± ä ä ä ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ƒ ± ± ); ä ± å ƒ ƒ ±é å ± ƒ ä ±± ƒ ± ;ƒ ƒ± ± å ± ± ± å ± ± ; ± ± ä ± ƒ ƒ ; ä ± ±± ± ƒ ± ±± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ; ; ä ä ± 42 Kosmopolis
Kaavoihin kangistumista vai käytännöllistä viisautta? ± ± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ± ± ; ± ƒ ƒ ; ± ± ± ± å ± ± ± ± ± ± ä å ± ± è ± ± ± éå ± ± ± ± ƒ ä ± Ò ƒƒ å ± ± ± å ±± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± å ä ± ± ± ± ƒ ä ± ± å ±± ± ± ± ± ä å ä ± ± ± ± ) ) ; å ± ± ƒ ± ± ƒ) ƒ å ± ± ± ± ; ; ± ± ± ± ä ä ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ± ± ± ±± ± å ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± å ±± ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ±± ± ± ± ± ± ) ± ± ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ƒ ± å ä ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± å ä ƒ ; ± ƒ ) ± ± ± å ± ƒ è ƒ éå ± ± ± ä ± å é ± å ƒ ± ± ± ± ä Kosmopolis 43
Tapio Juntunen ± ± ƒ ± ä å ± ± ± ä ± ± ± ä ± ± ä ) ± å ± ƒ) ƒ å ± ± ± ± ; ; ± ± ± ± ä ± ± ) ± ± ± ± ± ± ) ± ± ± ; ± ± ± ± ± ± ± å ± ± ± å ± ± ± ± ; ; ± ± ± ± ä å ± ± ± ± ± å ± ± ± ± ä ;ƒ ƒ± ± ƒ ± ± ± ± ƒ ;ƒ ƒ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ƒ 44 Kosmopolis