Draamaa kulisseissa. Jukka Heiskanen. Teatteriin tutustumisen jäljillä. Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu. Teatteri-ilmaisun ohjaaja.

Transkriptio

1 Jukka Heiskanen Draamaa kulisseissa Teatteriin tutustumisen jäljillä Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu Teatteri-ilmaisun ohjaaja Esittävä taide Opinnäytetyö

2 Tiivistelmä Tekijä(t) Otsikko Sivumäärä Aika Tutkinto Jukka Heiskanen Draamaa kulisseissa Teatteriin tutustumisen jäljillä 41 sivua + 1 liite Teatteri-ilmaisun ohjaaja Koulutusohjelma Esittävän taiteen koulutusohjelma Suuntautumisvaihtoehto Ohjaaja(t) Teatteritoiminnan suuntautumisvaihtoehto Tuntiopettaja, FM Marja Silde Opinnäytetyössä perehdytään teatteritaloissa järjestettäviin draamallisiin kulissikierroksiin. Kulissikierrokset kuuluvat teattereiden tekemään yleisötyöhön. Yleisötyön parissa kulissikierroksia on pidetty olennaisena osana toimintaa, ja niitä järjestetään monissa teattereissa. Yleisötyön tavoitteina on pidetty teatteritietouden ja -kiinnostuksen lisäämistä. Kulissikierros palvelee tätä tarkoitusta esittelemällä teatterin tiloja. Draamallisessa kulissikierroksessa kierros kuljetaan suunnitellun juonen puitteissa. Monissa kulissikierroksissa yleisöä myös osallistetaan toimintaan erilaisin harjoittein. Opinnäytetyössä tarkastellaan draamallisen kulissikierroksen rakennetta ja valmistusprosessia. Työtä varten haastateltiin kahta teatteri-ilmaisun ohjaajaa (AMK), jotka ovat ohjanneet ja suunnitelleet draamallisen kulissikierroksen. Haastattelujen rinnalla kerrotaan Suomen Kansallisteatteriin toteutetun draamallisen kulissikierroksen suunnitteluprosessista. Draamalliset kulissikierrokset ja niiden valmistusprosessit jaetaan työssä neljään osaalueeseen tarkastelun helpottamiseksi. Nämä osa-alueet ovat tuotannolliset puitteet, kierroksissa käytetyt tilat, kierrosten draamallisuus ja kierrosten osallistavuus. Osa-alueita käsitellään kahden kulissikierroksen ja suunnitteilla olevan kierroksen pohjalta. Tämä tarjoaa esimerkkejä työtavoista ja erilaisista ratkaisuista. Työstä selviää, että draamallista kulissikierrosta suunniteltaessa tuotannolliset puitteet ja tilojen käyttö rajoittavat usein suunnittelutyötä. Syynä tähän on teatterien ensisijainen tavoite luoda esityksiä. Rajoitteet kannattaa ottaa vastaan haasteina ongelmien sijaan, sillä rajoituksista huolimatta on mahdollista luoda vaikuttavia kulissikierroksia. Draamallisessa kulissikierroksessa eteneminen ja tehtävät harjoitteet motivoidaan kierroksen tarinan kautta. Tarina ja sen hahmot pohjautuvat usein teatterin historiaan ja rakennukseen. Taidekasvatuksessa osallistamista käytetään enenevässä määrin. Kulissikierroksessa osallistaminen on usein olennainen osa jo suunnittelutyötä aloitettaessa. Työn perusteella osallistaminen voidaan jakaa neljään luokkaan: osallistujat rooleissa, draamalliset liikkumisen tavat, toiminnallinen ongelmanratkaisu ja draamaharjoitteet. Näitä hyödyntämällä on mahdollista luoda monipuolisesti osallistava kulissikierros sen lyhyestä kestosta huolimatta. Avainsanat soveltava teatteri, yleisötyö, kulissikierros, osallistava teatteri

3 Author(s) Title Number of Pages Date Degree Degree Programme Specialisation option Instructor(s) Jukka Heiskanen Drama Behind the Scenes the Makings of a Backstage Tour 41 pages + 1 appendice 25 April 2014 Bachelor of Arts Performing Arts Drama Instructor Marja Silde, lecturer, MA This Bachelor's thesis focuses on dramatized backstage tours. Backstage tours are a popular part of audience development and many theaters hold them. The main goals in audience development are to include increasing knowledge and interest towards theater. Backstage tours aim to reach these goals by introducing the theater building and by doing so, thus also the work processes in theater. A dramatized backstage tour is held via a plot and it includes scenes played by actors. Dramatized backstage tours often use ways of participatory theatre. This thesis studies the form and work process of a dramatized backstage tour. Two drama instructors are interviewed for the thesis. Both of these drama instructors have directed a dramatized backstage tour. The present thesis also describes a work process of a dramatized backstage tour, which is held at the Finnish National Theater. In this thesis, dramatized backstage tours and their work processes are divided into four divisions. These divisions are: productional frameworks, visited spaces during the tour, dramatization of the tour and the participatory elements of the tour. The three tours are divided into these four divisions. Subsequently, each division is studied. Therefore, this thesis aims to give examples of the attributes of dramatized backstage tours. It is noted, that while planing a dramatized backstage tour, productional frameworks and availability of different spaces can limit the work process. This results from the fact, that the first priority of theaters is to produce plays. These limitations should be regarded as challenges, because it is possible to create impressive tours despite these limitations. In a dramatized backstage tour, both moving in the theater and the working with drama exercises are motivated by the plot of the tour. The plot and the characters in it are often based on the history of the theater or the theater building. Participatory elements are more and more common in education of arts. Participatory elements often form an outstanding part of a dramatized backstage tour. This is often taken into account already in the beginning of the planning. This thesis points out four categories of participatory elements used in these tours: participants in roles, dramatized ways of moving, functional problem solving and drama exercises. It is recommended to use all of these four categories while making a dramatized backstage tour. In doing so, one can create a versatile participatory tour, even though the short length of the tour often causes limitations. Keywords audience development, backstage tour, participatory drama

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