Mikä on ele? Eleet ja syntaksi. Puhe ja manuaalinen ele. Ele semiootsesta näkökulmasta

Transkriptio

1 Mikä on ele? Eleet ja syntaksi Tommi Jantunen, SVKS112, McNeill (1992): "The gestures [...] are the movements of the hands and arms that we see when people talk." Esim. Emmorey (1999): on olemassa myös kasvoilla ja keholla tuotequja eleitä. Armstrong et al. (1995): kaikki on eleqä! Ele semiootsesta näkökulmasta Puhe ja manuaalinen ele OkrenVn (2002: 187) mukaan ele on se, joka ilmaisee ajatuksen kuvallisen uloquvuuden puheen aikana; eleen muoto on suorassa yhteydessä mielikuvaan, joka voi olla joko konkreetnen tai abstrakv muodoltaan ei- konvenvonaalinen muodon ja merkityksen suhteen gradient, ei katogorinen. 1

2 Ele osana puheqa " mä yriv sitä piiiiiitkään eikä se vaa onnistunu " " se meni ensi ylös ja sit alas " " no mitäs tässä, töitä töitä töitä " Eleen ja kieliopin yhteispeli? Liddell, S. K. (2003). Grammar, Gesture, and Meaning in ASL. Cambridge: CUP. Ele ja viitoqu kieli Liddell (2003: 362): In spite of [numerous] demonstravons, gradience and modality have kept intonavon and gesture outside of the mainstream of linguisvc analysis. This choice is not available for ASL. Ignoring gestures and the gradient aspects of the signal produced by the hands leaves out too much. Ele ja vapaa suora esitys (Lukasczyk 2008: 53) 2

3 Ele ja vapaa suora esitys Ele ja lauserakenne POIKA KATSOA Ø Ø blendi:( antaa- olla ) Poika katseli (kun koira haukkui ympäriinsä) ja (ajaqeli, eqä) äh, antaa olla. (CFINSL2013_005_05, signer 2, SUB- 2) Jantunen (submiqed): In general, the exploitavon of gesture and mime can be considered to reduce the need to rely (solely) on highly structured clauses and sentences in the construcvon linguisvc messages. This, in turn, opens up the possibility to build up tradivonal linguisvc units relavvely freely and to leave out, for example, syntacvc elements which in other (spoken) languages would be crucial for the proper comprehension of linguisvc messages. Suoran esityksen rakenne ProGramin tutkimuskysymyksiä ydin + ydin- argumenvt Suoran esityksen rakenne eli matriisilause, jota seuraa suora referaat jonkun toisen sanomisesta, ajaqelemisesta tai tekemisestä. Suora referaat ilmaistaan surrogaatblendilla. ydin + ydin- argumenvt Jantunen (2012): How do mimical blend structures link with sentences in FinSL? Blending ooen corresponds to descripvve and almost pantomime- like acvng in the middle of the signing. The most mimical of the blends represent Liddell s 2003 surrogate blends and cannot be analysed solely with the novon of sentence due to their gestural origin; paradoxically, they are used during signing in fluent connecvon with sentences. Liddell (2003) and subsequent studies suggest that prosody (such as body movements and eye gaze) plays a considerable role in connecvng the form of blends with sentences. However, it is not known how these prosodic events are coordinated with the sentence structure, and this issue will be invesvgated in this task for FinSL." 3

4 Kasvojen ilmeet ja ele? Facial expression as intonavon (Sandler 2012: 63)?... It fulfills many of the same pragmavc funcvons as vocal intonavon, such as cuing different types of quesvons, convnuavon from one consvtuent to another, and shared informavon. It is temporally aligned with prosodic consvtuents, in parvcular with intonavonal phrases. It can be dissociated from syntacvc properves of the text. Muodon konvenvonaalisuus päänliikkeissä? Muodon ja funkvon suhde päänliikkeissä? Nyökkäys Työntö (Puupponen et al. 2015) (Puupponen et al. 2015) 4

5 Päänliikkeet eleinä? Kirjallisuus Puupponen et al. (2015): The observavons concerning the overlapping and gradual relavonship between the forms and funcvons of different head movements in the data are interesvng when viewed against, for example, Okrent s (2002) definivon of gestures. According to Okrent, gestures are non- convenvonal in form and the relavonships between the forms and funcvons of gestures are gradient and non- categorical in nature. In addivon, for example Emmorey (1999) has stated that some movements and posivons produced by different parts of the body while signing are to be considered gestures rather than signals that are convenvonalized in the language system. Moreover, the division of nonmanuals into affecvve or linguisvcally significant has been based on the level of sharpness in their on- and offsets. So should we conclude that all head movements in FinSL are gestures? Armstrong, D. F., Stokoe, W. C. & Wilcox, S. E. Wilcox (1995). Gesture and the Nature of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Emmorey, K. (1999). Do signers gesture? In L. S. Messing & R. Campbell (Eds.), Gesture, Speech, and Sign, New York: Oxford University Press. Jantunen, T. (2012). Aspects of the grammar and prosody of FinSL. Research plan. Jantunen, T. (submiqed). Finnish Sign Language. In J. van Craenenbroeck & T. Temmerman (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ellipsis, in preparavon for publicavon with Oxford University Press. June Liddell, S. K. (2003). Grammar, gesture, and meaning in ASL. Cambridge: CUP. Lukasczyk, U. (2008). SANOTTUA, AJATELTUA JA TEHTYÄ ReferoinV kolmessa suomalaisella viiqomakielellä tuotetussa fikvivisessä kertomuksessa. KasvatusVeteen pro gradu tutkielma. Okl, Jyväskylän yliopisto. McNeill, D. (1992). Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. Okrent, A. (2002). A modality- free novon of gesture and how it can help us with the morpheme vs. gesture quesvon in sign language linguisvcs (or at least give us some criteria to work with). In R. P. Meier, K. Cormier & D. Quinto- Pozos (Eds.), Modality and structure in signed and spoken languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Puupponen, A.; Wainio, T.; Burger, B. & Jantunen, T. (forthcoming). Head movements in Finnish Sign Language on the basis of MoVon Capture data: a study of the form and funcvon of nods, nodding, head thrusts, and head pulls. Sign Language & LinguisVcs. Sandler, W. (2012). Visual prosody. In R. Pfau, M. Steinbach & B. Woll (Eds.), Sign language: An internavonal handbook, Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter. 5