Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley - Advisory fungicide trial

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1 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley - Advisory fungicide trial SUMMARY The trial was sown on 25 th of May in Kuuma (Jokioinen) in Finland. It rained 10 mm just one day after the sowing and barley emerged evenly. The cultivar was Voitto which is susceptible to net blotch. The seed was untreated and sowing density was 500 seeds per m 2. The applications were made on 29 th of June at flag leaf stage BBCH 39. At application timing the net blotch severity was 1 % and no other diseases were present. There was no phytotoxicity caused by any of the treatments. The weather was warm at the time of sowing. The temperature sum after May was 100 degrees above normal. Then in June, July and August temperatures were normal to the long term average and there were no long warm periods. The precipitation during the summer was quite normal to the long term average and it rained about 230 mm from sowing to the harvest. Between June and August it was raining small amounts on average every second day so humidity was also high during whole summer. The crop stand was really dense and the disease pressure was therefore high. First disease assessment was made three weeks after the application at BBCH 69. The severity of net blotch was already 21 % in the untreated control. All treatments significantly decreased the severity to % so all treatments had high efficacy, %. Elatus Era and Comet Pro+Prosaro had the best efficacy, 96 %. Tilt+Mirador, Amistar Xtra+Folicur Xpert and Delaro+Folicur Xpert had slightly lower efficacy but it was still 86 %. Net blotch severity greatly increased in one week and four weeks after application the severity in the untreated control was 82 %. With all treatments the severity was %. Proline had the lowest efficacy, 83 %. Also the 89 % efficacy of Delaro+Folicur Xpert, Tilt+Mirador and Amistar Xtra+Folicur Xpert differed from other treatments. The best efficacy, %, was with Comet Pro+Juventus, Acanto+Proline Xpert, Stereo+Mirador, ElatusEra, ElatusPlus+Zenit and Comet Pro+Posaro. Disease assessments were not done any later, because the leaves turned already yellow in one week after. The trial was harvested on 31 st of August and harvesting moisture was 20 %. The untreated yield was 4318 kg/ha. All treatments increased the yield significantly (18 30 %) and the best yield was with Elatus Era, 5611 kg/ha, + 30 %. The yield correlated well with the last disease assessment and those four treatments with lower efficacy had % yield increase while the increase was % with those six treatments that had better efficacy against net bloth. The treatments kept the leaves longer green and it increased thousand grain weight and also hectoliter weight. Hectoliter weight was 69 kg in the untreated control. All treatments significantly increased hectoliter weight by 3 4 % to kg. The treatments with highest yield had also the highest hectoliter weight. Thousand grain weight was 36.6 g in the control and all treatments increased it significantly by 7 14 % to g. The highest increase in TGW was with ElatusEra and CometPro+Juventus, but also CometPro+Prosaro, Stereo+Mirador and ElatusPlus+Zenit had almost same increase.

2 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley - Advisory fungicide trial TIIVISTELMÄ Markkinoilla olevia viljojen sienitautien torjunta-aineita testattiin kenttäkokeessa Jokioisissa. Testatut valmisteet olivat Elatus Era 1.0 l/ha sekä tankkiseoksina Amistar Xtra + Folicur Xpert l/ha, Tilt 250 EC + Mirador l/ha, Delaro + Folicur Xpert l/ha, Acanto + Proline Xpert l/ha, Stereo EC + Mirador l/ha, Comet Pro + Prosaro l/ha ja ElatusPlus + Zenit 575 EC l/ha. Verrannekäsittelyt olivat Proline 0.6 l/ha sekä tankkiseos Comet Pro + Juventus l/ha. Kokeeseen sisältyi myös käsittelemätön koejäsen. Koe suunniteltiin yhteistyössä kasvinsuojeluaineyritysten kanssa ja toteutettiin GEP-laatujärjestelmän mukaisesti. Sääolosuhteet kasvukaudella olivat pääosin pitkäaikaisen keskiarvon mukaiset. Ainoastaan toukokuussa lämpötila oli korkeampi ja lämpösumma oli noin 100 astetta keskiarvoa edellä. Loppukesän aikana lämpösumma ei enää kasvanut. Sadesumma oli myös keskimääräinen ja kylvön ja puinnin välillä satoi noin 230 mm. Sade tuli enimmäkseen pieninä määrinä ja vettä satoi keskimäärin joka toinen päivä. Tämä vaikutti korkean tautipaineen syntymiseen. Koe kylvettiin Jokioisten Kuumaan 25. toukokuuta. Ohran kasvuunlähtö oli tasainen ja kasvustosta tuli tiheä, mikä edesauttoi korkean tautipaineen kehittymistä. Lajike oli verkkolaikulle altis peittaamaton Voitto. Kesäkuun alussa kasveissa oli paljon tuomikirvoja, mutta torjunta onnistui ja kirvat eivät aiheuttaneet tuhoja. Fungisidikäsittelyt tehtiin kesäkuun lopussa lippulehtivaiheessa BBCH 39. Käsittelyhetkellä verkkolaikkua esiintyi alalehdillä noin 1 % verran lehtialasta. Ensimmäinen tautihavainto tehtiin kolme viikkoa ruiskutuksesta tähkälletulon jälkeen BBCH 69. Ilman fungisidikäsittelyä verkkolaikkua esiintyi 21 % lehtialasta. Kaikilla valmisteilla oli hyvä teho (86 96 %) ja verkkolaikun määrä oli 1 3 %. Käsittelyistä Elatus Era ja Comet Pro+Prosaro antoivat hiukan paremman suojan verkkolaikkua vastaan. Jo viikon myöhemmin tautimäärä oli kasvanut selvästi. Kasvuasteella BBCH 73 käsittelemättömissä ruuduissa verkkolaikkua oli jo 82 %. Proline käsittelyllä oli matalin 83 % teho, mutta sekin erosi selvästi käsittelemättömästä. Käsittelyistä Comet Pro+Juventus, Acanto+Proline Xpert, Stereo+Mirador, ElatusEra, ElatusPlus+Zenit ja Comet Pro+Posaro antoivat neljä viikkoa ruiskutuksesta vielä yli 96 % tehon. Verkkolaikun lisäksi ei ollut muita tauteja. Koe tuleentui nopeasti ja lakoutumista ei esiintynyt. Ohra puitiin elokuun lopussa ja puintikosteus oli 20 %. Käsittelemättömät ruudut tuleentuivat nopeasti ja niissä sato jäi pieneksi, 4300 kg/ha. Kaikki käsittelyt estivät merkittävästi verkkolaikun aiheuttamaa sadonvähennystä ja käsittelyillä saatiin % suurempia satoja. Paras sato saatiin Elatus Eralla, 5600 kg/ha. Tuloksissa näkyi selvästi se, että käsittelyt jotka torjuivat parhaiten verkkolaikkua, tuottivat myös muita käsittelyjä suuremman sadon. Kaikki käsittelyt pitivät lehtialan pidempään vihreänä ja se näkyi kohonneena hehtolitrapainona ja tuhannen jyvän painona. Hehtolitrapaino kasvoi kaikilla käsittelyillä 3 4 % eli käsittelemättömän 69 kilosta yli 71 kilon. Tuhannen jyvän paino oli ilman käsittelyä 36.6 g ja kaikilla käsittelyillä selvästi suurempi, g. Eniten tjp kasvoi ElatusEra, CometPro+Juventus, CometPro+Prosaro, Stereo+Mirador ja ElatusPlus+Zenit käsittelyillä.

3 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley - Advisory fungicide trial Figure 1. Net blotch severity three weeks after treatment at BBCH 69. Figure 2. Net blotch severity four weeks after application at BBCH 73.

4 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley - Advisory fungicide trial Figure 3. Yield was significantly increased by % with all the treatments. Figure 4. Hectoliter weight was 3 4 % higher with all treatments.

5 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley - Advisory fungicide trial Figure 5. All treatments increased thousand grain weight by 7 14 %.

6 15/12/16 (F ) ARM Trial Treatments Page 1 of 2 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley Trial ID: F Location: Jokioinen Trial Year: 2016 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Sponsor Contact: Luke Trt Treatment Form Form Lot Rate Growth Comment No. Name Conc Type Code Rate Unit Stage 1 1 Untreated Check 2 Proline 250 EC ECE l/ha 39 Luke -prothioconazole g AI 3 Comet Pro 200 EC l/ha 39 Luke -pyraclostrobin g AI Juventus 90 SL l/ha 39 Luke -metconazole g AI 4 Delaro 325 FS EV l/ha 39 Bayer -trifloxystrobin g AI -prothioconazole g AI Folicur Xpert 240 EC EM4L l/ha 39 Bayer -tebuconazole g AI -prothioconazole g AI 5 Acanto 250 SC MAR14PH l/ha 39 Bayer, Hankkija, DuPont -picoxystrobin g AI Proline Xpert 240 EC l/ha 39 Bayer, Hankkija, DuPont -prothioconazole g AI -tebuconazole g AI 6 Stereo EC EC HEM 9L00006 REL 12/0 0.8 l/ha 39 Adama -cyprodinil g AI -propiconazole g AI Mirador 250 SC (131) 0.4 l/ha 39 Adama -azoxystrobin g AI 7 Tilt 250 EC 250 EC /3 0.5 l/ha 39 Adama -propiconazole g AI Mirador 250 SC (131) 0.4 l/ha 39 Adama -azoxystrobin g AI 8 ElatusEra 225 EC PE-1123SMU6BP002 1 l/ha 39 Hankkija, Syngenta -solatenol g AI -prothioconazole g AI 9 ElatusPlus 100 EC PE-1044SMU5AP004 dev 0.75 l/ha 39 Hankkija, Syngenta -solatenol g AI Zenit 575 EC 575 EC SMO2C l/ha 39 Hankkija, Syngenta -propiconazole g AI -fenpropidin g AI 10 Amistar Xtra 280 SC L l/ha 39 Berner -azoxystrobin g AI -cyproconazole g AI Folicur Xpert 240 EC EM4L l/ha 39 Berner -tebuconazole g AI -prothioconazole g AI 11 Comet Pro 200 EC l/ha 39 BASF, Bayer, Kesko -pyraclostrobin g AI Prosaro 250 EC EM4L l/ha 39 BASF, Bayer, Kesko -tebuconazole g AI -prothioconazole g AI

7 15/12/16 (F ) ARM Trial Treatments Page 2 of 2 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley Trial ID: F Location: Jokioinen Trial Year: 2016 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Sponsor Contact: Luke Replications: 4, Untreated treatments: 1, Conduct under GLP/GEP: Yes (GEP with no protection), Design: Randomized Complete Block (RCB), Treatment units: Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size, Dry Form. Unit: %, Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size Width: 2 meters, Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size Length: 8 meters, Application volume: 200 L/ha, Mix size: 2.5 liters, Format definitions: G-All7.def, G-All7.frm

8 15/12/16 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 1 of 4 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley Trial ID: F Location: Jokioinen Trial Year: 2016 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Sponsor Contact: Luke General Trial Information Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Title: Research Scientist Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Discipline: F fungicide Trial Status: F final (completed) Trial Reliability: GOOD Initiation Date: 25/05/16 Completion Date: 16/12/16 City: Jokioinen Postal Code: FI Trial Location Country: FIN Climate Zone: EPPONE EPPO North East Latitude of LL Corner : Longitude of LL Corner : Altitude of LL Corner, Unit: m N E Conducted Under GLP: No Conducted Under GEP: Yes No. Guideline Description 1. PP 1/26(4) Foliar and ear diseases on cereals 2. PP 1/135(4) phytotoxicity assessment 3. PP 1/152(4) Design and analysis of efficacy evaluation trials 4. PP 1/181(4) Conduct and reporting of efficacy evaluation trials including GEP Objectives: The efficacy of fungicides on market against net blotch

9 15/12/16 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 2 of 4 Conclusions: The trial was sown on 25 th of May in Kuuma (Jokioinen) in Finland. It rained 10 mm just one day after the sowing and barley emerged evenly. The cultivar was Voitto which is susceptible to net blotch. The seed was untreated and sowing density was 500 seeds per m 2. The applications were made on 29 th of June at flag leaf stage BBCH 39. At application timing the net blotch severity was 1 % and no other diseases were present. There was no phytotoxicity caused by any of the treatments. First disease assessment was made three weeks after the application at BBCH 69. The severity of net blotch was already 21 % in the untreated control. All treatments significantly decreased the severity to % so all treatments had high efficacy, %. Elatus Era and Comet Pro+Prosaro had the best efficacy, 96 %. Tilt+Mirador, Amistar Xtra+Folicur Xpert and Delaro+Folicur Xpert had slightly lower efficacy but it was still 86 %. Net blotch severity greatly increased in one week and four weeks after application the severity in the untreated control was 82 %. With all treatments the severity was %. Proline had the lowest efficacy, 83 %. Also the 89 % efficacy of Delaro+Folicur Xpert, Tilt+Mirador and Amistar Xtra+Folicur Xpert differed from other treatments. The best efficacy, %, was with Comet Pro+Juventus, Acanto+Proline Xpert, Stereo+Mirador, ElatusEra, ElatusPlus+Zenit and Comet Pro+Posaro. Disease assessments were not done any later, because the leaves turned already yellow in one week after. The trial was harvested on 31 st of August and harvesting moisture was 20 %. There was no lodgin in the trial. The untreated yield was 4318 kg/ha. All treatments increased the yield significantly (18 30 %) and the best yield was with Elatus Era, 5611 kg/ha, + 30 %. The yield correlated well with the last disease assessment and those four treatments with lower efficacy had % yield increase while the increase was % with those six treatments that had better efficacy against net bloth. The treatments kept the leaves longer green and it increased thousand grain weight and also hectoliter weight. Hectoliter weight was 69 kg in the untreated control. All treatments significantly increased hectoliter weight by 3 4 % to kg. The treatments with highest yield had also the highest hectoliter weight. Thousand grain weight was 36.6 g in the control and all treatments increased it significantly by 7 14 % to g. The highest increase in TGW was with ElatusEra and CometPro+Juventus, but also CometPro+Prosaro, Stereo+Mirador and ElatusPlus+Zenit had almost same increase. Contacts Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Title: Research Scientist Organization: Address: Laboratorium, Uutetie 2 Phone No.: City+State/Prov: Jokioinen, Finland Postal Code: FI kalle.ohralahti@luke.fi Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Organization: Luonnonvarakeskus Crop Description Crop 1: HORVS Hordeum vulgare (spring) Spring barley Variety: Voitto BBCH Scale: BCER Description: Planting Date: 25/05/16 Planting Rate, Unit: 500 S/M2 Planting Method: DRILLE drilled Depth, Unit: 4 cm Row Spacing, Unit: 12.5 cm Harvest Date: 31/08/16 Harvested Width, Unit: 1.5 m Harvested Length, Unit: 8 m Soil Moisture: SLIWET slightly wet, moist Harvest Equipment: Plot harvester Seed Bed: FINE fine % Standard Moisture: 15 Pest Description Pest 1 Type: D Code: PYRNTE Pyrenophora teres Common Name: Net blotch of barley

10 15/12/16 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 3 of 4 Site and Design Treated Plot Width: 2 m Site Type: FIELD field Treated Plot Length: 8 m Experimental Unit: 1 PLOT plot Treated Plot Area: 16 m2 Treatments: 11 Tillage Type: CONTIL conventional-till Replications: 4 Study Design: RACOBL Randomized Complete Block (R Untreated Arrangement: INCLUDED single control randomized in each block No. Previous Crop Year 1. barley 2015 Maintenance Maintenance Rate No. Date Product Name Rate Unit 1. 25/05/16 Yara Mila Y20 (N:27 P:2 K:3) 222 kg/ha 2. 03/06/16 Sumi Alpha 0.2 L/ha 3. 22/06/16 Ariane S 2 L/ha 4. 27/06/15 Moddus M 0.18 L/ha % OM: 22 Texture: C clay ph: 5.77 Element Quantity Unit Ca 4736 mg/l P 4.76 mg/l K mg/l Mg mg/l Soil Description Additional Measured Elements Moisture and Weather Conditions Closest Weather Station: Ilmala Distance, Unit: 10 km Application Description A Application Date: 29/06/16 Appl. Start Time: 08:45 Application Method: spray Application Placement: foliar Applied By: VR, AE, PK Air Temperature, Unit: 15.7 C % Relative Humidity: 85 Wind Velocity, Unit: 0.4 mps Wind Direction: N Dew Presence (Y/N): N no Soil Temperature, Unit: 18.4 C Soil Moisture: damp % Cloud Cover: 100 Next Moisture Occurred On: 29/06/16

11 15/12/16 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 4 of 4 Crop Stage At Each Application A Crop 1 Code, BBCH Scale: HORVS BCER Stage Scale Used: BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: 39 Stage Minimum, Percent: 37 Stage Maximum, Percent: 39 Height, Unit: 52 cm Pest Stage At Each Application A Pest 1 Code, Type, Scale: PYRNTE D Coverage, Unit: 1 % A Appl. Equipment: Plot sprayer Equipment Type: SPRAYE Operation Pressure, Unit: 2.0 bar Nozzle Type: Hardi4110 Nozzle Size: 12 Nozzle Spacing, Unit: 50 cm Nozzles/Row: 4 Boom ID: KSU2 Boom Length, Unit: 2 m Boom Height, Unit: 50 cm Ground Speed, Unit: 1 mps Carrier: water Spray Volume, Unit: 200 l/ha Mix Size, Unit: 2.5 liters Propellant: COMAIR Application Equipment

12 15/12/16 (F ) ARM AOV Means Table Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley Trial ID: F Location: Jokioinen Trial Year: 2016 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Sponsor Contact: Luke Crop Name Spring barley Spring barley Spring barley Spring barley Crop Variety Voitto Voitto Voitto Voitto Pest Code PYRNTE PYRNTE Pest Name Net blotch of barley Net blotch of barley Part Rated LEAF - LEAF - LEAF - GRAIN - Rating Date 19/07/16 19/07/16 27/07/16 07/09/16 Rating Type PHYGEN DAMDIS DAMDIS YIELD Rating Unit % % % KG Sample Size, Unit 1 PLOT 1 PLOT 1 PLOT 1 ha Trt-Eval Interval 20 DA-A 20 DA-A 28 DA-A 70 DA-A Number of Subsamples Crop Stage Majority Crop Stage Scale BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH Assessed By KO KO KO EH ARM Action Codes APC APC TY1 APOC Trt Treatment Rate Appl No. Name Rate Unit Code Untreated Check 0.0 a a 82.5 a 4318 c (0%) (0%) (100%) 2 Proline 0.6 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.63 bc 13.8 b 5113 b (92%) (83%) (118%) 3 Comet Pro 0.5 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.00 bc 2.0 d 5473 ab Juventus 0.5 l/ha A (95%) (98%) (127%) 4 Delaro 0.3 l/ha A 0.0 a 2.25 bc 8.8 c 5155 b Folicur Xpert 0.3 l/ha A (89%) (89%) (119%) 5 Acanto 0.3 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.13 bc 2.3 d 5268 ab Proline Xpert 0.3 l/ha A (95%) (97%) (122%) 6 Stereo EC 0.8 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.38 bc 3.0 d 5309 ab Mirador 0.4 l/ha A (94%) (96%) (123%) 7 Tilt 250 EC 0.5 l/ha A 0.0 a 3.00 b 9.0 c 5118 b Mirador 0.4 l/ha A (86%) (89%) (119%) 8 ElatusEra 1 l/ha A 0.0 a 0.75 c 1.5 d 5611 a (96%) (98%) (130%) 9 ElatusPlus 0.75 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.88 bc 3.5 d 5453 ab Zenit 575 EC 0.5 l/ha A (91%) (96%) (126%) 10 Amistar Xtra 0.3 l/ha A 0.0 a 3.00 b 8.8 c 5081 b Folicur Xpert 0.3 l/ha A (86%) (89%) (118%) 11 Comet Pro 0.5 l/ha A 0.0 a 0.88 c 1.5 d 5417 ab Prosaro 0.4 l/ha A (96%) (98%) (125%) LSD P= Standard Deviation CV Bartlett's X P(Bartlett's X2) * 0.001* Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Means followed by same letter or symbol do not significantly differ (P=.05, Student-Newman-Keuls) Column 8: TY1 = *[C4]*(100-@AVGSUB([C5]))/85 Column 10: T3 = ((100-@AVGSUB([5]))*@AVGSUB([7]))/85 Column 9: T2 = ((100-@AVGSUB([5]))*@AVGSUB([6]))/85 Could not calculate LSD (% mean diff) for columns 2 because error mean square = 0.

13 15/12/16 (F ) ARM AOV Means Table Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against net blotch in spring barley Trial ID: F Location: Jokioinen Trial Year: 2016 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Sponsor Contact: Luke Crop Name Crop Variety Pest Code Pest Name Part Rated Rating Date Rating Type Rating Unit Sample Size, Unit Trt-Eval Interval Number of Subsamples Crop Stage Majority Crop Stage Scale Assessed By ARM Action Codes Trt Treatment No. Name 1 Untreated Check Rate Appl Rate Unit Code 2 Proline 0.6 l/ha A 3 Comet Pro 0.5 l/ha A Juventus 0.5 l/ha A 4 Delaro 0.3 l/ha A Folicur Xpert 0.3 l/ha A 5 Acanto 0.3 l/ha A Proline Xpert 0.3 l/ha A 6 Stereo EC 0.8 l/ha A Mirador 0.4 l/ha A 7 Tilt 250 EC 0.5 l/ha A Mirador 0.4 l/ha A 8 ElatusEra 1 l/ha A 9 ElatusPlus 0.75 l/ha A Zenit 575 EC 0.5 l/ha A 10 Amistar Xtra 0.3 l/ha A Folicur Xpert 0.3 l/ha A 11 Comet Pro 0.5 l/ha A Prosaro 0.4 l/ha A LSD P=.05 Standard Deviation CV Bartlett's X2 P(Bartlett's X2) Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Spring barley Voitto Spring barley Voitto GRAIN - GRAIN - 18/10/16 18/10/16 TKW HLW g kg 1 SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 111 DA-A 111 DA-A BBCH BBCH MW TV T3 APOC T2 APOC e 69.2 c (100%) (100%) bcd 71.0 b (109%) (103%) a 72.0 a (114%) (104%) bcd 71.2 ab (109%) (103%) abc 71.5 ab (111%) (103%) ab 71.5 ab (112%) (103%) cd 70.8 b (107%) (102%) a 71.7 ab (114%) (104%) ab 71.9 ab (112%) (104%) d 71.0 b (107%) (103%) ab 71.7 ab (113%) (104%)