TIIVISTELMÄ Proline Comet Pro + Juventus Orius + Mirador Elatus Era Comet Pro + Prosaro Ascra Xpro

Transkriptio

1 2017 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in winter rye - Advisory fungicide trial SUMMARY Winter rye trial was located in Loimaa on farmer s rye field. Cultivar in the trial was hybrid rye KWS Livado. Previous crop was barley. The trial was drilled on 1 st of September on The crop stand was good and even and crop did not suffer from any environmental conditions. Weather during the season differed from the long term average summer. May was dry until the end of the month when there were the first rainy days. May was also quite cold even there was one warm period. In June it rained 101 mm which is almost 40 mm over the long term average. The mean temperature was 12.8 C which is also lower than the 14 C average. In July it rained 44.7 mm which is 30 mm below the average, but the mean temperature was 14.9 C which is 1.8 C below the average. It meant that the soil and also crop stayed wet for long periods. August was again a bit rainier and colder than the long term average. September was then quite normal and it rained a bit less. The effective temperature sum stayed whole summer C below the long term average. At the end of September the temperature sum was 1136 while the average is The trial treatments were done on 6 th of June at growth stage BBCH At application scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) severity was still low, around 0.1 %. Sixteen days after application at BBCH 65 three or four upper leaves were still healthy and on the lower leaves the scald severity was % on all plots. There was not yet clear difference between all treatments and untreated control. There was no phytotoxicity with any of the treatments. Scald development was slow and at milk ripening stage disease severity in the untreated control was 8 % on the two upper leaves. Disease severity was 2 5 % with all treatments and the best efficacy was with Elatus Era, Ascra Xpro and Proline (70 77 %). Last assessment was done at early dough stage and at that time the disease severity was almost the same as it was earlier, but lower leaves were turning yellow. There were no other diseases present in the trial. Green leaf area at early dough stage was still 80 % in the untreated control in two upper leaves. In Comet Pro+Juventus, Orius+Mirador and Comet Pro+Prosaro it was %, but with Proline, Elatus Era and Ascra Xpro treatments GLA was evenly 95 % in two or three upper leaves. The trial was harvested on 6 th of September. Yield level was high and even in the untreated control yield was 9900 kg/ha. All treatments had 6 10 % yield increase to kg/ha. Hectoliter weight was around 84 kg and it was similar with untreated control and all fungicide treatments. Thousand grain weight was 37.3 g in the untreated control and it was same with all other treatments except 2 3 % higher with Elatus Era and Ascra Xpro treatments. The yield in this trial was high, because crop stand was growing well as farmer gave that field good maintenance and diseases did not decrease rye yield this year

2 2017 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in winter rye - Advisory fungicide trial TIIVISTELMÄ Markkinoilla olevia viljojen sienitautien torjunta-aineita testattiin rukiilla kenttäkokeessa Jokioisissa. Testatut valmisteet olivat Proline 0.6 l/ha, Comet Pro + Juventus l/ha, Orius + Mirador l/ha, Elatus Era 1.0 l/ha, Comet Pro + Prosaro l/ha ja Ascra Xpro 1.0 l/ha. Kokeeseen sisältyi myös käsittelemätön koejäsen. Koe suunniteltiin yhteistyössä kasvinsuojeluaineyritysten kanssa ja toteutettiin GEP-laatujärjestelmän mukaisesti. Kasvukauden sää oli tavanomaisesta vähän poikkeava. Toukokuussa oli kuivaa ja vasta kuun lopussa tuli enemmän sateita, mutta sademäärä oli vain 13 mm ja alle pitkän ajan keskiarvon joka on 41mm. Toukokuu oli viileä lukuun ottamatta yhtä lämmintä jaksoa. Keskilämpötila oli silti asteen normaalia 9.8 C alhaisempi. Kesäkuussa vettä satoi 101 mm ja se on 40 mm yli pitkäaikaisen keskiarvon. Keskilämpötila oli 12.8 C, kun se normaalisti on 14 C. Heinäkuussa satoi 45 mm eli 30 mm tavallista vähemmän. Myös keskilämpötila oli 14.9 C ollen 1.8 C alle tavanomaisen. Ilmankosteus oli korkea koko kuukauden ja maa ja kasvusto eivät päässeet kuivumaan. Elokuu oli pitkän ajan keskiarvoa vähän viileämpi ja kosteampi. Kesä-, heinä ja elokuussa päivän maksimilämpötilat olivat harvemmin yli 20 C ja hellepäiviä ei ollut. Syyskuussa oli poutaisempaa ja vähän lämpöisempää, joten viljat pääsivät tuleentumaan. Ruiskoe sijaitsi viljelijän pellolla Loimaalla. Lajike oli hybridiruis KWS Livado ja ruis oli kylvetty Esikasvina oli ohra. Kasvusto oli talvehtinut hyvin ja kasvoi tasaisena ja rehevänä. Tautiainekäsittelyt tehtiin tähkälletulovaiheessa BBCH Rengaslaikun määrä kasvustossa oli vielä matala, vain 0.1 % lehtialasta. Kaksi viikko ruiskutuksesta rukiin kukintaaikaan kolme ylintä lehteä olivat vielä vihreitä. Rengaslaikkua oli alemmilla lehdillä % käsittelemättömissä ja käsitellyissä ruuduissa. Ruudut eivät juurikaan eronneet toisistaan. Käsittelyt eivät aiheuttaneet vioituksia rukiilla. Rengaslaikku kehittyi ruiskasvustossa hitaasti, vaikka olot olivat taudin kehittymiselle suotuisat. Maitotuleentumisvaiheessa käsittelemättömissä ruuduissa rengaslaikkua oli 8 % lehtialasta. Kaikilla käsittelyillä taudin määrä oli 2 5 %. Elatus Eran, Ascra Xpron ja Prolinen teho oli hieman muita käsittelyitä parempi. Kaksi viikkoa myöhemmin aikaisessa taikinavaiheessa rengaslaikun määrä oli pysynyt samana ja muitakaan tauteja ei ollut kasvustossa. Vihreä lehtiala oli käsittelemättömissä ruuduissa yhä 80 %. Comet Pro+Juventus, Orius+Mirador ja Comet Pro+Prosaro käsittelyillä se oli %, mutta Proline, Elatus Era and Ascra Xpro käsittelyillä vihreä lehtiala oli jopa 95 % kolmella ylälehdellä. Koe päästiin puimaan syyskuun 6. päivä. Satotaso oli hyvin korkea ja lannoitukset ja muut viljelytoimet olivat hyvin onnistuneet. Käsittelemätön sato oli 9900 kg/ha ja käsittelyillä saatu sadonlisä oli 6 10 %. Sadot olivat kg/ha, mutta eri käsittelyiden välillä ei ollut merkittäviä eroja. Hehtolitrapaino oli sama noin 84 kg käsittelemättömänä ja eri käsittelyillä. Tuhannen jyvän paino käsittelemättömässä kontrollissa oli 37.3 g. Muilla käsittelyillä ei ollut vaikutusta, mutta Elatus Era ja Ascra Xpro käsittelyt nostivat sitä 2 3 % jolloin se oli 38 g. Satotuloksissa ja laaduissa ei ollut suuria eroja käsittelyjen välillä.

3 2017 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in winter rye - Advisory fungicide trial FIGURES Figure 1. Scald severity was low two weeks after the treatments. Figure 2. At milk ripening stage scald severity was still low, but there were some differences between the treatments.

4 2017 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in winter rye - Advisory fungicide trial Figure 3. Green leaf area at early dough stage in two upper leaves was still over 80 %. Figure 4. Yield level was really high and all treatments gave 6 10 % yield increase. Figure 5. There was only slight increase in thousand grain weight with some treatments.

5 18/01/18 (F ) ARM Trial Treatments Page 1 of 1 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in winter rye Trial ID: F Location: Jokioinen Trial Year: 2017 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Sponsor Contact: Luke Trt Treatment Form Form Rate Growth Appl Comment No. Name Conc Type Rate Unit Stage Code 1 1 Untreated Check 2 Proline 250 EC 0.6 l/ha A Luke -prothioconazole g AI 3 Comet Pro 200 EC 0.4 l/ha A Luke -pyraclostrobin g AI Juventus 90 SL 0.4 l/ha A Luke -metconazole g AI 4 Orius 200 EW 0.8 l/ha A Adama -tebuconazole g AI Mirador 250 SC 0.4 l/ha A Adama -azoxystrobin g AI 5 ElatusEra 225 EC 1 l/ha A Syngenta -solatenol g AI -prothioconazole g AI 7 Comet Pro 200 EC 0.4 l/ha A Bayer -pyraclostrobin g AI Prosaro 250 EC 0.4 l/ha A Bayer -tebuconazole g AI -prothioconazole g AI 8 Ascra Xpro 260 EC 1 l/ha A Bayer -bixafen g AI -fluopyram g AI -prothioconazole g AI Replications: 4, Untreated treatments: 1, Conduct under GLP/GEP: Yes (GEP with no protection), Design: Randomized Complete Block (RCB), Treatment units: Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size, Dry Form. Unit: %, Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size Width: 2 meters, Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size Length: 8 meters, Application volume: 200 L/ha, Mix size: 2.5 liters, Format definitions: G-All7.def, G-All7.frm

6 18/01/18 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 1 of 4 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in winter rye Trial ID: F Location: Jokioinen Trial Year: 2017 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Sponsor Contact: Luke General Trial Information Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Title: Research Scientist Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Title: Research Scientist Discipline: F fungicide Trial Status: F final (completed) Trial Reliability: GOOD Initiation Date: 23/05/17 Completion Date: 29/11/17 Trial Location City: Loimaa Country: FIN South Ostrobothnia Postal Code: Climate Zone: EPPONE EPPO North East Latitude of LL Corner : N Longitude of LL Corner : E Conducted Under GLP: No Conducted Under GEP: Yes No. Guideline Description 1. PP 1/26(4) Foliar and ear diseases on cereals 2. PP 1/135(4) phytotoxicity assessment 3. PP 1/152(4) Design and analysis of efficacy evaluation trials 4. PP 1/181(4) Conduct and reporting of efficacy evaluation trials including GEP Objectives: The efficacy of fungicides on market against rusts and other leaf diseases in rye.

7 18/01/18 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 2 of 4 Conclusions: Winter rye trial was located in Loimaa on farmer s rye field. Cultivar in the trial was KWS Livado. Previous crop was barley. The trial was drilled on 1 st of September on The crop stand was good and even and crop did not suffer from any environmental conditions. Weather during the season differed from the long term average summer. May was dry until the end of the month when there were the first rainy days. May was also quite cold even there was one warm period. In June it rained 101 mm which is almost 40 mm over the long term average. The mean temperature was 12.8 C which is also lower than the 14 C average. In July it rained 44.7 mm which is 30 mm below the average, but the mean temperature was 14.9 C which is 1.8 C below the average. It meant that the soil and also crop stayed wet for long periods. August was again a bit rainier and colder than the long term average. September was then quite normal and it rained a bit less. The effective temperature sum stayed whole summer C below the long term average. At the end of September the temperature sum was 1136 while the average is The trial treatments were done on 6 th of June at growth stage BBCH At application scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) severity was still low, around 0.1 %. Sixteen days after application at BBCH 65 three or four upper leaves were still healthy and on the lower leaves the scald severity was % on all plots. There was not yet clear difference between all treatments and untreated control. There was no phytotoxicity with any of the treatments. Scald development was slow and at milk ripening stage disease severity in the untreated control was 8 % on the two upper leaves. Disease severity was 2 5 % with all treatments and the best efficacy was with Elatus Era, Ascra Xpro and Proline (70 77 %). Last assessment was done at early dough stage and at that time the disease severity was almost the same as it was earlier, but lower leaves were turning yellow. There were no other diseases present in the trial. Green leaf area at early dough stage was still 80 % in the untreated control in two upper leaves. In Comet Pro+Juventus, Orius+Mirador and Comet Pro+Prosaro it was %, but with Proline, Elatus Era and Ascra Xpro treatments GLA was evenly 95 % in two or three upper leaves. The trial was harvested on 6 th of September. Yield level was high and even in the untreated control yield was 9900 kg/ha. All treatments had 6 10 % yield increase to kg/ha. Hectoliter weight was around 84 kg and it was similar with untreated control and all fungicide treatments. Thousand grain weight was 37.3 g in the untreated control and it was same with all other treatments except 2 3 % higher with Elatus Era and Ascra Xpro treatments. The yield in this trial was high, because crop stand was growing well as farmer gave that field good maintenance and diseases did not decrease rye yield this year Contacts Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Title: Research Scientist Organization: Address: Laboratorium, Uutetie 2 Phone No.: City+State/Prov: Jokioinen, Finland Postal Code: FI kalle.ohralahti@luke.fi Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Title: Research Scientist Organization: Address: Laboratorium, Uutetie 2 Phone No.: City+State/Prov: Jokioinen, Finland Postal Code: FI kalle.ohralahti@luke.fi Crop Description Crop 1: SECCE Secale cereale Rye Variety: KWS Livado Planting Date: 01/09/16 Planting Rate, Unit: 75 KG/HA Depth, Unit: 3 cm Row Spacing, Unit: 12.5 cm Harvest Date: 06/09/17 Harvested Width, Unit: 1.5 m Harvested Length, Unit: 8 m Harvest Equipment: Wintersteiger % Standard Moisture: 15

8 18/01/18 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 3 of 4 Pest Description Pest 1 Type: D Code: RHYNSE Rhynchosporium secalis Common Name: Leaf blotch of cereals Pest 2 Type: D Code: PUCCSP Puccinia sp. Common Name: Puccinia sp. Site and Design Treated Plot Width: 2 m Site Type: FIELD field Treated Plot Length: 8 m Experimental Unit: 1 PLOT plot Treated Plot Area: 16 m2 Treatments: 8 Replications: 4 Study Design: RACOBL Randomized Complete Block (RC No. Previous Crop Year 1. barley 2016 Maintenance Maintenance Rate No. Date Product Name Rate Unit 1. 01/09/16 Belor Premium ( ) 30 kg/ha 2. 01/09/16 Belor Premium ( S2) 90 kg/ha 3. 14/09/16 Decis Mega EW L/ha 4. 20/10/16 Multiple 0.5 L/ha 5. 20/10/16 Yara.se YaraVita Magtrac 0.5 L/ha 6. 19/04/17 Belor Premium ( S2) 90 kg/ha 7. 28/04/17 Belor Premium Typpi ( S4) 400 kg/ha 8. 28/05/17 Hi-Phos 2 L/ha 9. 28/05/17 Multiple 0.5 L/ha /05/17 Sekator OD 0.12 L/ha /05/17 Medax Max 0.5 kg/ha ph: 6.9 Texture: SIC silty clay Soil Description Element Quantity Unit P 28 mg/l K 200 mg/l Additional Measured Elements Moisture and Weather Conditions Closest Weather Station: Ilmala Distance, Unit: 30 km

9 18/01/18 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 4 of 4 Application Description A Application Date: 06/06/17 Appl. Start Time: 09:30 Appl. Stop Time: 10:30 Application Method: SPRAY Application Placement: FOLIAR Applied By: VR, KO, JA Air Temperature, Unit: 13.3 C % Relative Humidity: 85 Wind Velocity, Unit: 1.3 MPS Wind Direction: S Dew Presence (Y/N): Y yes Soil Temperature, Unit: 10.3 C Soil Moisture: WET % Cloud Cover: 95 Crop Stage At Each Application A Crop 1 Code, BBCH Scale: SECCE BCER Stage Scale Used: BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: 51 Stage Minimum, Percent: 49 Stage Maximum, Percent: 55 Height, Unit: 60 cm Pest Stage At Each Application A Pest 1 Code, Type, Scale: RHYNSE D Coverage, Unit: 0.1 % Pest 2 Code, Type, Scale: PUCCSP D A Appl. Equipment: Plot sprayer Equipment Type: SPRAYE Operation Pressure, Unit: 2.0 bar Nozzle Type: Hardi4110 Nozzle Size: 12 Nozzle Spacing, Unit: 50 cm Nozzles/Row: 4 Boom ID: KSU2 Boom Length, Unit: 2 m Boom Height, Unit: 50 cm Ground Speed, Unit: 1 mps Carrier: WATER Spray Volume, Unit: 200 L/ha Mix Size, Unit: 2.5 liters Propellant: COMAIR Application Equipment

10 18/01/18 (F ) ARM AOV Means Table Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in winter rye Trial ID: F Location: Jokioinen Trial Year: 2017 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Sponsor Contact: Luke Crop Scientific Name Secale cereale Secale cereale Secale cereale Crop Name Rye Rye Rye Crop Variety KWS Livado KWS Livado KWS Livado Pest Type D Disease D Disease Pest Code RHYNSE RHYNSE Pest Scientific Name Rhynchosporium secalis Rhynchosporium secalis Pest Name Leaf blotch of cereals Leaf blotch of cereals Part Rated LEAF - LEAF - LEAF - Rating Date 22/06/17 22/06/17 19/07/17 Description Rating Type PHYGEN DAMDIS DAMDIS Rating Unit % % % Sample Size, Unit 1 PLOT 1 PLOT 1 PLOT Number of Subsamples Crop Stage Majority Crop Stage Scale BBCH BBCH BBCH Trt-Eval Interval 16 DA-A 16 DA-A 43 DA-A ARM Action Codes APC APC APC Trt Treatment Rate Appl No. Name Rate Unit Code Untreated Check 0.0 a 3.5 a 8.00 a (0%) (0%) 2 Proline 0.6 l/ha A 0.0 a 2.0 a 2.38 c (43%) (70%) 3 Comet Pro 0.4 l/ha A 0.0 a 2.5 a 4.75 b Juventus 0.4 l/ha A (29%) (41%) 4 Orius 0.8 l/ha A 0.0 a 2.3 a 4.50 b Mirador 0.4 l/ha A (36%) (44%) 5 ElatusEra 1 l/ha A 0.0 a 2.5 a 1.88 c (29%) (77%) 7 Comet Pro 0.4 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.8 a 4.00 b Prosaro 0.4 l/ha A (50%) (50%) 8 Ascra Xpro 1 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.8 a 2.13 c (50%) (73%) LSD P= Standard Deviation CV Levene's F Levene's Prob(F) 0.00* Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Means followed by same letter or symbol do not significantly differ (P=.05, Student-Newman-Keuls) Column 10: TY1 = *[C6]*(100-@AVGSUB([C7]))/85 Column 11: T2 = ((100-@AVGSUB([7]))*@AVGSUB([8]))/85 Column 12: T3 = ((100-@AVGSUB([7]))*@AVGSUB([9]))/85 Could not calculate LSD (% mean diff) for columns 1 because error mean square = 0.

11 18/01/18 (F ) ARM AOV Means Table Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in winter rye Trial ID: F Location: Jokioinen Trial Year: 2017 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Sponsor Contact: Luke Crop Scientific Name Crop Name Crop Variety Pest Type Pest Code Pest Scientific Name Pest Name Part Rated Rating Date Description Rating Type Rating Unit Sample Size, Unit Number of Subsamples Crop Stage Majority Crop Stage Scale Trt-Eval Interval ARM Action Codes Trt Treatment No. Name 1 Untreated Check Rate Appl Rate Unit Code 2 Proline 0.6 l/ha A 3 Comet Pro 0.4 l/ha A Juventus 0.4 l/ha A 4 Orius 0.8 l/ha A Mirador 0.4 l/ha A 5 ElatusEra 1 l/ha A 7 Comet Pro 0.4 l/ha A Prosaro 0.4 l/ha A 8 Ascra Xpro 1 l/ha A LSD P=.05 Standard Deviation CV Levene's F Levene's Prob(F) Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Secale cereale Secale cereale Secale cereale Secale cereale Secale cereale Rye Rye Rye Rye Rye KWS Livado KWS Livado KWS Livado KWS Livado KWS Livado D Disease RHYNSE Rhynchosporium secalis Leaf blotch of cereals LEAF - LEAF - GRAIN - GRAIN - GRAIN - 31/07/17 31/07/17 28/11/17 29/11/17 28/11/17 15 % moisture DAMDIS GREEN YIELD MOICON YIELD % % kg % KG 1 PLOT 1 PLOT 12 m2 1 SAMPLE 1 ha BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH 55 DA-A 55 DA-A 55 DA-A 55 DA-A 55 DA-A APC APOC APOC APOC TY1 APOC a 80.0 c b a 9891 b (0%) (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) 3.0 bc 95.0 a a a a (63%) (119%) (109%) (102%) (109%) 7.5 a 82.5 bc a a a (6%) (103%) (110%) (100%) (110%) 5.0 b 87.5 b a a a (38%) (109%) (106%) (101%) (106%) 2.3 c 95.0 a a a a (72%) (119%) (110%) (100%) (110%) 5.3 b 86.3 bc a a a (34%) (108%) (108%) (102%) (107%) 2.3 c 95.0 a a a a (72%) (119%) (108%) (102%) (108%)

12 18/01/18 (F ) ARM AOV Means Table Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in winter rye Trial ID: F Location: Jokioinen Trial Year: 2017 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Kalle Ohralahti Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Kalle Ohralahti Sponsor Contact: Luke Crop Scientific Name Crop Name Crop Variety Pest Type Pest Code Pest Scientific Name Pest Name Part Rated Rating Date Description Rating Type Rating Unit Sample Size, Unit Number of Subsamples Crop Stage Majority Crop Stage Scale Trt-Eval Interval ARM Action Codes Trt Treatment No. Name 1 Untreated Check Rate Appl Rate Unit Code 2 Proline 0.6 l/ha A 3 Comet Pro 0.4 l/ha A Juventus 0.4 l/ha A 4 Orius 0.8 l/ha A Mirador 0.4 l/ha A 5 ElatusEra 1 l/ha A 7 Comet Pro 0.4 l/ha A Prosaro 0.4 l/ha A 8 Ascra Xpro 1 l/ha A LSD P=.05 Standard Deviation CV Levene's F Levene's Prob(F) Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Secale cereale Secale cereale Secale cereale Secale cereale Rye Rye Rye Rye KWS Livado KWS Livado KWS Livado KWS Livado GRAIN - GRAIN - GRAIN - GRAIN - 29/11/17 29/11/17 28/11/17 28/11/17 15 % moisture 15 % moisture HLW HLW TKW TKW % % % % 1 SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH 55 DA-A 55 DA-A 55 DA-A 55 DA-A APOC T2 APOC APOC T3 APOC a 83.8 a bc bc (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) 79.7 a 84.0 a bc bc (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) 79.4 a 83.9 a c c (100%) (100%) (99%) (99%) 79.5 a 83.9 a bc bc (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) 79.7 a 84.2 a a a (101%) (101%) (103%) (103%) 79.7 a 83.9 a abc abc (100%) (100%) (101%) (101%) 79.6 a 83.8 a ab ab (100%) (100%) (102%) (102%)