Core Drilling of Oeep Bomhole Ol-KR37 at Olkiluoto in furajoki 2005

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1 Working Report Core Drilling of Oeep Bomhole Ol-KR37 at Olkiluoto in furajoki 2005 Risto Niinimaki November 2005 POSVA OY Fl OLKLUOTO, FNLAND Tel Fax

2 TEKJA ORGANSAATO SUOMEN MALM OY PL 10 Juvan teollisuuskatu ESPOO TLAAJA POSVAOY OLKLUOTO TLAAJAN YHDYSHENKLO FM Jus si Mattila Posiva Oy URAKOTSJAN YHDYSHENKLO FM Tauno Rautio Smoy RAPORTT WORKNG REPORT CORE DRLLNG OF DEEP BOREHOLE OL-KR37 AT OLKLUOTO N EURAJOK 2005 TEKJA n t' Risto Niinimaki Geologi _c) _- TARKASTAJA Pekka Mikkola Toimitusjohtaja

3 Working Report Core Drilling of Deep Borehole Ol-KR37 at Olkiluoto in furajoki 2005 Risto Niinimaki Suomen Malmi Oy November 2005 Base maps: National Land Survey, permission 41 /MYY/05 Working Reports contain information on work in progress or pending completion. The conclusions and viewp_oints presented in the report are those of author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of Posiva.

4 CORE DRLLNG OF DEEP BOREHOLE OL-KR37 AT OLKLUOTO N EURAJOK 2005 ABSTRACT Posiva Oy submitted an application to the Finnish Government in May 1999 for the Decision in Principle to choose Olkiluoto in the municipality of Eurajoki as the site of the final disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel. A positive decision was made at the end of 2000 by the Government. The Finnish Parliament ratified the decision in May The decision makes it possible for Posiva to focus the confirming bedrock investigations at Olkiluoto, where in the next few years an underground rock characterisation facility, ONKALO, will be constructed. As a part of the investigations Suomen Malmi Oy (Smoy) core drilled m and m deep boreholes with a diameter of 75.7 mm at Olkiluoto in June- August The identification numbers of the boreholes are OL KR37 and OL-KR37B, respectively. A set of monitoring measurements and samplings from the drilling and returning water was carried out during the drilling. Both the volume and the electric conductivity of the drilling water and the returning water were recorded. The drill rig was computer controlled and during drilling the computer recorded information about drilling parameters. The objective of all these measurements was to obtain more information about bedrock and groundwater properties. Sodium fluorescein was used as a label agent in the drilling water. The total volumes of the used drilling and flushing water were 273 m 3 and 21m 3 and the measured volumes of the returning water were 221m 3 and 16m 3 in boreholes OL-KR37 and OL-KR37B, respectively. The deviation of the borehole was measured with the deviation measuring instruments EMS and Maxibor. Uniaxial compressive strength, Young's Modulus and Poisson' s ratio were measured from the core samples. The average uniaxial compressive strength is about 106 MPa, the average Young's modulus is 40 GPa and the average Poisson's ratio is The main rock types are migmatitic mica gneiss, granite and tonalite. Filled fracture is the most common fracture type. The average fracture frequency is 1.8 pes/m in borehole OL KR37 and 5.0 pes/m in borehole OL-KR37B. The average RQD values were 96.0% and 88.7 %. n both boreholes four fractured zones were penetrated during this drilling work Keywords: core drilling, borehole, mica gneiss, fracture, monitoring measurements, elastic parameters, deviation measurements, wedging

5 REAN OL-KR37 SYVAKARAUS EURAJOEN OLKLUODOSSA VUONNA 2005 TVSTELMA Posiva Oy jatti valtioneuvostolle vuonna 1999 periaatepaatoshakemuksen, jolla se haki lupaa valita Eurajoen Olkiluoto kaytetyn ydinpolttoaineen loppusijoituslaitoksen rakennuspaikaksi. J oulukuussa 2000 valtioneuvosto teki asiasta myonteisen paatoksen. Toukokuussa 2001 eduskunta vahvisti valtioneuvoston paatoksen. Periaatepaatoshakemuksen mukaisesti paikkatutkimukset keskitetaan Olkiluotoon. Paikkatutkimuksiin liittyen Suomen Malmi Oy kairasi kesa-elokuun 2005 aikana 350,00 mja 45,10 m syvyiset reiat OL-KR37 ja OL-KR37B Eurajoen Olkiluodossa. Reian OL KR3 7 tutkimuksilla varmistettiin mm. maanalaisen tutkimustilan, ONKALOn Uiheisyydessa sijaitsevien rikkonaisuusrakenteiden sijaintia seka tutkittiin geofysiikan mittauksissa havaittua anomaalista kohtaa. Reikien halkaisija on 75,7 mm. Kairauksien aikana suoritettiin tarkkailumittauksia lisainformaation saamiseksi kallio-olosuhteista. Mittauksia olivat veden sahkonjohtokyvyn mittaus ja huuhteluveden/palautuvan veden maaran mittaus. Tyossa kaytettiin automatisoitua mikroprosessoriohj attua kairauskonetta, josta saatu tieto tallennettiin. Kairauksiin kaytettiin kokonaisuudessaan natriumfluoresiinilla merkittya huuhteluvetta reialla OL-KR37 noin 273m 3 ja reialla OL KR37B noin 21m 3 Tyon aikana vetta palautui rei'ista maaramittarin kautta noin 221m 3 ja 16 m 3 Reikien sivupoikkeamat ja taipumat mitattiin EMS ja Maxibor -mittareilla. Kallionaytteista maaritettiin yksiaksiaalinen puristusmurtolujuus, kimmomoduli ja Poissonin luku. Yksiaksiaalinen puristusmurtolujuus oli keskimaarin noin 106 MP a, kimmomoduli oli keskimaarin noin 40 GP a ja Poissonin luku 0,20. Paakivilajeina esiintyvat migmatiittinen kiillegneissi ja graniitti. Rakoilusta taytteiset raot ovat yleisimpia. Kallion rakoluku on reiassa OL-KR37 keskimaarin 1,8 kpllm ja reiassa OL-KR37B 5,0 kpl/m. Vastaavasti RQD-luku on reiassa OL-KR37 keskimaarin 96,0 %ja reiassa OL-KR37B 88,7 %. Rikkonaisia tihearakoisia osuuksia lavistettiin nelja kappaletta reiassa OL-KR37 seka reiassa OL-KR3 7B. A vainsanat: kairaus, kairanreika, migmatiittinen kiillegneissi, rako, tarkkailumittaukset, muodonmuutosominaisuudet, sivusuuntamittaus, kiilaus

6 1 CORE DRLLNG OF DEEP BOREHOLE OL-KR37 AT OLKLUOTO N EURAJOK 2005 ABSTRACT TVSTELMA CONTENTS 1 1. NTRODUCTON 1.1 Background 1.2 Scope of the work DRLLNG WORK AND TECHNCAL DETALS OF THE BOREHOLE 2.1 Diamond core drilling 2.2 Deviation surveys 2.3 Location and deviation measurements 2.4 Construction of the upper part of the borehole 2.5 Wedging of the borehole MONTORNG MEASUREMENTS 3.1 Monitoring measurements during drilling work 3.2 Drilling water and the use of label agent 3.3 Quantities and label agent concentration of drilling and returning water 3.4 Groundwater level in the borehole 3.5 Electric conductivity of drilling and returning water 3.6 Drill cuttings yield 3.7 The result of MWD -measurements 3.8 Flushing of the bore hole ENGNEERNG GEOLOGY 4.1 Engineering geological logging 4.2 The effects of drilling to the sample quality 4.3 Rock quality 4.4 Fracturing 4.5 Core orientation 4.6 Core discing ROCK MECHANCS 5.1 Rock mechanical field tests on core samples 5.2 Strength and elastic properties SUMMARY REFERENCES 39

7 2 8. APPENDCES 8.1 List of core boxes 8.2 Lifts 8.3 Deviation surveys, list, Maxibor 8.4 Deviation surveys, graphic, Maxibor 8.5 Deviation surveys, list, EMS 8.6 Deviation surveys, graphic, EMS 8. 7 Construction of upper part of bore hole 8.8 Construction of wedge 8.9 Drilling water samples Returning water samples 8.11 Ground water level during flush pumping 8.12 Petrographical description 8.13 Degree of weathering 8.14 Foliation 8.15 List of fractures 8.16 Fracture frequency and RQD 8.17 Fractured zones, core loss 8.18 Core orientation 8.19 Rock mechanical tests and foliation description of samples PHOTOS

8 3 1. NTRODUCTON 1.1 Background Posiva Oy submitted an application to the Finnish Government in May 1999 for the Decision in Principle to choose Olkiluoto in the municipality of Eurajoki as the site of the final disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel. A positive decision was made at the end of 2000 by the Government. The Finnish Parliament ratified the decision in May The policy decision makes it possible to concentrate the research activities at Olkiluoto Eurajoki. One part of the research is to build an underground rock characterisation facility (called "ONKALO"). Construction of the access tunnel was started in autumn Posiva Oy contracted (order number 9623/05/JATM) Suomen Malmi Oy (Smoy) to drill new investigation boreholes in the area. n June-August 2005 boreholes OL-KR37 ( m) and OL-KR37B (45.10 m) were core drilled. The new boreholes were aimed to get additional information of the quality of bedrock and the anomalous part of the bedrock. The borehole OL-KR37 is wedged twice to keep the borehole straight enough to reach the geophysical anomaly. Because of wedging the total length of core sample in borehole OL-KR37 is m. Borehole OL-KR37 is located about 700 m south of the Korvensuo reservoir and borehole OL-KR37B is located about 3.9 meters NW ofborehole OL-KR37. The azimuths of the boreholes are 18.3 and 17.7 and initial dips of the boreholes are 47.9 and 47.1 from the horizontal, respectively. The location of the borehole is shown in Figure 1. The diameter of the boreholes is 75.7 mm. 1.2 Scope of the work The aim of the work was to drill an about 350 m long borehole to document the geology and the ground conditions (continuity of the rock units, fractured zones and rock quality) in the area. The 40 m precollar for borehole OL-KR37 was drilled with a down-the-hole percussion drill. n order to get a core sample also from the upper part of the bedrock an 45 m deep borehole OL-KR37B was core drilled next to the main borehole. To maximise the recovery yield of an undisturbed and continuous core, triple tube coring technique was used. n addition to the drilling, work included core logging, rock mechanical field testing

9 4 of the core, in-hole technical measurements, drilling fluid monitoring, flushing of the borehole, borehole deviation surveys and reporting. This report documents the work and sampling done during the drilling of the borehole. Depth measurements are from the ground surface unless otherwise stated. Distances along the casing between the tops of casings and the ground level are 0.41 m and 0.55 m for boreholes OL-KR37 and OL-KR37B, respectively. At the end of the drilling, drill rods were lowered to the bottom of the borehole to check that the borehole is completely open OLKLUOTO Location of the boreholes KR1-KR37, KR378 Coordinate System: Finnish Coordinate System, zone Saanlo & Rlekkola Oy/KF LEGEND: KR1 Core drilled borehole Figure 1. Location of deep boreholes OL-KRJ - OL-KR3 7 in the 01/dluoto area.

10 5 2. DRLLNG WORK AND TECHNCAL DETALS OF THE BOREHOLE 2.1 Diamond core drilling Thiclrness of the overburden at the location ofborehole OL-KR37 is estimated to be about 2.5 m. The borehole is cased thh the overburden with a 194/184 mm diameter tube, which is drilled into the bedrock to the depth of 6.0 m. The borehole section from 6.0 m to m was drilled with a 165 mm diameter DTH-hammer on the 1st of June This percussion drilled section of the borehole is cased with a stainless steel 140/134 mm diameter tube which was grouted into the bedrock the same day. The diamond drill rig, additional casings and air -lift pumping pipes were set up at the drilling site the gth and 9th of June Drilling commenced on the 9th of June. On the 6th of July 2005, drilling depth of m was reached. The borehole OL-KR37 was wedged twice to keep the borehole straight enough to reach the geophysical anomaly. First wedging was done 15th of June at borehole depth of m and the top of wedge was at the depth of m. Second wedging was done 28th of June at borehole depth of m and top of wedge was at the depth of m. The diamond drill rig was set up at the drilling site OL-KR37B on the loth of August Drilling thh the overburden, the thiclrness of which was 2.17 m, was done on the 11th of August Casing was drilled to the depth of 2.82 m. After the casing was placed, diamond core drilling continued normally. The final depth of m was reached on the 16th of August The realized time schedule of the work is shown in Table 1. Borehole OL-KR37 was core drilled with a computer controlled hydraulic U6 drill rig. NQ3 -triple tube core barrel and NQ-drill rods were used in drilling. Borehole diameter with NQ3 -triple tube core barrel is 75.7 mm and drill core diameter is 50.2 mm. The cutting area of the diamond bit of the triple tube core barrel is larger than that of the double tube core barrel. n the triple tube core barrel the third, innermost, tube is of split type. The innermost split tube containing the sample is removed from the core barrel with the aid of a piston working on water pressure. n this way the sample may be removed from the core barrel as undisturbed as possible.

11 6 Table 1. Time schedule ofborehole OL-KR37. tem Dates Borehole OL-KR37 Percussion drilling 0-40 m Mobilization, move to the hole Drilling m Wedging and Direction/dip measurements 13.6., 14.6., 15.6., 16.6., 22.6., 27.6., 29.6., 4.7. and Borehole cleaning and flush pumping 6.7., Borehole OL-KR37B Mobilization, move to the hole Drilling 0-45 m Direction/dip measurements Borehole cleaning and flush pumping 16.8., Drilling was continuous shift work (three shifts per day) and the drilling team in a shift consisted of a driller and an assistant. Geologist Tauno Rautio was the project manager, and Teppo Uusi-Uola was the drilling supervisor. Geological logging was done and the final report was compiled by geologist Risto Niinimaki. Drilling time (which does not include set up and dismantling works) on borehole OL-KR37 was 208 h, which gives the mean drilling efficiency of 1.49 m per rig hour. The drilling time for borehole OL-KR37B was34h. Wear and tear of the drilling equipment was the same as in average in the Olkiluoto area with this type ofborehole equipment, but much less than in average compared to the other borehole equipment used in Olkiluoto area. The wear of the drill bit correlates e.g. with the mineral composition of the bedrock. n this work, about 121 m was drilled per one NQ3 bit compared to a long-term average of about 88 m per NQ3, about 28 m per WL- 76, about 29 m per T -76 and about 35 m pert -56 bits in Olkiluoto. Drill core samples were placed in wooden core boxes immediately after emptying the core barrel. n all 79 (OL-KR37) and 11 (OL-KR37B) wooden core boxes were used during this drilling work. Start and end depths of the core in each core box are presented in Appendix 8.1. Wooden blocks separating the different sample runs were placed to core boxes to show the depth of each lift. The core drilling included 123 (OL-KR37) and 19 (OL-KR37B) sample runs. Depths of lifts are presented in Appendix 8.2.

12 7 2.2 Deviation surveys To trace the borehole accurately the dip and the azimuth of borehole OL-KR37 was measured with Maxibor- and EMS downhole deviation survey tools. Maxibor was lowered into the borehole with rods and EMS with wireline cable. Borehole OL-KR37B was measured with EMS downhole deviation survey tool with wireline cable. Measuring interval was 3 metres. n addition, the dip of the borehole was measured separately with a SLO-H90-downhole dip meter. EMS device measures the borehole dip with an electronic accelerometer and the azimuth relative to the magnetic north with a three component fluxgate magnetometer. According to the manufacturer, provided there are no magnetic anomalies, the accuracy of the azimuth is ± 0.5 degrees and the accuracy of the dip is ± 0.2 degrees. One local magnetic anomaly was detected in the borehole OL-KR37 between the depths about 80 and 85 metres. n the borehole OL-KR37 two steel made wedges were also placed. The azimuth is given to the magnetic north and the declination, which is about five degrees in the area, has been added to the results. There may be some local variations in the declination. n borehole OL-KR37 the initial azimuth is degrees and the corresponding declination in EMS calculations is 4.5 degrees. n basic setup Maxibor device has two reflector rings at three metre intervals in a six metres long tube. n a straight hole the rings are concentric. When the tool is bent following the ed borehole, the rings are shifted correspondingly. By quantifying this shift, a measure of the bend can be calculated. A circular bubble gives the reference direction. The position of the rings and the bubble is recorded at each location by a video camera. The diameter of the tube is adjusted for 46 mm size. When measuring larger boreholes (diam. about 76 mm) four centralizing rings of suitable size are installed directly around the reflector rings, camera and top coupling. Based on the initial coordinates and azimuth of the hole and deviation readings of the reflector rings a computer program calculates the coordinates and direction of the hole at each survey point. The results are presented as a table and in graphic form. According to the manufacturer typical accuracy in a 800 metres deep borehole with a diameter of 46 mm is ± 1 m. The Maxibor survey was carried out at three metres intervals. The surveys of the borehole were tied to geodetic fix points provided by the client.

13 8 2.3 Location and deviation measurements The initial dips of boreholes OL-KR37 and OL-KR37B are 47.9 and 47.1 degrees, respectively. The initial azimuths of boreholes OL-KR37 and OL-KR37B are 18.3 and 17.7 degrees, respectively. The ground surface was used as the reference level of the borehole and depth measurements. The coordinates of the boreholes are shown in Table 2. n borehole OL-KR37 the Maxibor and EMS deviation surveys were both carried out to the depth of 348 metres. n borehole OL-KR37B EMS survey was carried out to the depth of 45 metres. The coordinates ofborehole OL-KR37B at the depth of 42 metres based on the EMS data are shown in Table 2. The results of the Maxibor survey are listed as a table in Appendix 8.3 and shown in graphic form as various projections in Appendix 8.4. The results of the EMS survey are listed as a table in Appendix 8.5 and shown in graphic form as various projections in Appendix Construction of the upper part of the borehole Down-the-hole percussion drilling was used to drill the precollar for borehole OL-KR37. Drilling a 0 194/184 mm casing thh the overburden into the bedrock started this borehole. The casing was drilled to the depth of 6.0 m from the surface. The thickness of the soil was estimated to be 2.5 m. The borehole was continued with a 165 mm hammer to the depth of m and a 0 140/134 mm stainless steel casing was placed into the borehole and cemented into the bedrock. At the bottom of the casing there is a cone, Table 2. Coordinates of boreholes OL-KR3 7 and OL-KR3 7B. Point location X y z Ground surface, OL-KR Top of the casing, OL-KR End ofborehole, OL-KR37 (348 m) Ground surface, OL-KR37B Top of the casing, OL-KR37B End ofborehole, OL-KR37B (45 m)

14 9 which helps to insert instruments into the borehole. Finally the 0 194/184 mm casing was cut to the ground level. The length of the cone at the bottom of the 0 140/134 mm casing is 110 mm. The conic part is 53 mm long. The bottom of the cone is made of a 0 84/77 mm tube which is 57 mm long. The tube has right hand thread, which was used to attach the 84/77 additional casing during the drilling. The cone is inside the 0 140/134 mm casing and the end of the tube in the lower part of the cone is at the depth of m. Between the tube and the bedrock there is about 5 cm of cement which was drilled at the beginning of diamond drilling. The cone and the attached tube are made of stainless steel. The construction of the upper part ofthe hole is shown in Appendix 8.7. The top of the casing was with a cap equipped with a lock. The precollar for borehole OL-KR37B was done by drilling a 0 90/77 mm casing thh the overburden into the bedrock. The casing was drilled to the depth of 2.82 m from the surface due to fractured rock. The thickness of the soil was estimated to be 2.17 m. The casing with a casing shoe, was cemented into the bedrock. The top of the casing was with a cap equipped with a lock. 2.5 Wedging of the borehole n the borehole OL-KR37 two wedging operations were performed. First wedging operation was done at the borehole depth of m. The top of wedge was placed at the depth of m. Second wedging operation was done at the borehole depth of m. The top of wedge was placed at the depth of m. Total length of the wedge is 4339 mm. Construction of the wedge and its anchor is shown in Appendix 8.8.

15 10

16 11 3. MONTORNG MEASUREMENTS 3.1 Monitoring measurements during drilling work Several drilling water parameters were monitored and water samples were taken during the drilling. The aim was to get additional information on rock quality and to predict possible drilling problems. To find out how much drilling water was leaking into the bedrock, the volumes of ingoing and returning water were monitored. The flowmeter for ingoing drilling water was connected to the waterline coming from the water pump and the volume of returning water was measured from the overflow of the sedimentation tank. Water level in the borehole was measured in the beginning of every morning shift and whenever there was more than two hours' break in the drilling. All drilling water batches made in the mixing tanks were sampled. The returning water was sampled once a day provided water was flowing out of the borehole. Due to the sensitivity of sodium fluorescein label agent to the UV -light, the sample bottles were wrapped in aluminium foil immediately after the sampling. Water samples were stored in a refrigerator until they were sent for analysis to the laboratory of Teollisuuden Voima Oy (TVO) at Olkiluoto. Electric conductivity of the drilling water was measured after the label agent was mixed. The returning water samples were collected for the electric conductivity measurements, when water was flowing from the borehole. The returning water contains drill cuttings, the composition of which depends on the drilled rock type. f the drill cuttings were affecting the conductivity, the water samples (2-3 dl) were let to settle and, if needed, filtered thh a 45 J.Lm filter to remove the remaining drill cuttings. The electric conductivity measurements were done with a WTW conductivity meter Cond 315i with TetraCon 325 conductivity cell. Conductivity meter gives the results as ms/m at +25 C. Before the work started the conductivity meter was calibrated at the laboratory of the TVO. The drill rig utilized was Atlas Copco Diamec U6 APC. The rig is a fully hydraulic microprocessor controlled unit with an automated process control. The manual interface

17 12 to the control system is a touch screen panel. The control unit of the rig optimizes the drilling process according to drilling conditions in real time. The driller sets the upper and the lower values for the volume of the flushing water, feeding force and rotation torque. The driller sets also values for the penetration speed and rotation speed. Once these values have been set the rig will carry out the drilling within the set values by measuring the value of the parameters several times in a second. f the rig fails to keep up the chosen penetration speed within the set parameter values, drilling will be stopped automatically. Feeding force is the force working on the bit and generated by the rig feed and the weight of the drill string and which is needed for the optimal penetration speed. The feeding force is adjusted by the system pressure and bit force. Drilling parameters are recorded to the rig computer. The recorded parameters are pressure and volume of the flushing water, rotation speed of rods, penetration speed, hydraulic system pressure and weight on the bit. 3.2 Drilling water and the use of label agent Drilling water for borehole OL-KR37 was pumped from the water line ofolkiluoto. The length of waterpipe line was about 100 m. Before water was pumped into the mixing tanks (two 3m 3 fibreglass tanks) it was filtered thh a 500 Jlm filter. All drilling water was marked with the label agent sodium fluorescein. Sodium fluorescein is an organic powdery pigment, which is broken down by UV radiation. Therefore the label agent mixing tanks were covered. Sodium fluorescein was delivered byposiva. At the TVO Olkiluoto laboratory, sodium fluorescein was packed into glass vials in g ready to use doses. At the drilling site, the content of a vial was dissolved in one litre of water, which was slowly added into the mixing tank at the beginning of pumping. Turbulence caused by pumping water into the tank ensured mixing ofthe label agent.

18 Quantities and label agent concentration of drilling and returning water During the drilling ofborehole OL-KR37, m 3 of water was used. After the drilling was finished, the borehole was flushed with 3.3 m 3 of water. During the drilling and flushing, m 3 of returning water was measured. This is about 81% of the drilling and flushing water. Some water passed the flowmeter during the air-lift pumping and lifting of drill rods. The cumulative consumption of drilling water and the amount of measured returning water are shown in Figure 2. During the drilling ofborehole OL-KR37B, 18.2 m 3 of water was used. After the drilling was finished, the borehole was flushed with 3.2 m 3 of water. During the drilling and flushing, 15.9 m 3 of returning water was measured. This is about 70% of the total drilling and flushing water used. Some water passed the flowmeter while lifting of drill rods. The cumulative consumption of drilling water and the amount of measured returning water are shown in Figure 2. The concentration of the label agent is used to estimate the representativeness of the groundwater samples taken from the borehole. The planned label agent concentration of the drilling water was 250 Jlg/1. The achieved concentrations varied between 200 and 460 Jlg/1 and the average was 291 Jlg/l during the drilling ofborehole OL-KR37. There was great dispersion of values because of previously packed sodium fluorescein vials. During drilling ofborehole OL-KR37B the achieved consentrations varied between 210 and 250 Jlg/l and the average was 238 Jlg/1. The label agent batches, drilling water samples, electric conductivity and sodium fluorescein concentrations are listed in Appendix 8.9. Returning water samples were collected once a day when drilling work was continuous. n total, 19 samples were taken during the drilling ofborehole OL-KR37. High sodium fluorescein concentrations in the returning water indicate that the water is mainly drilling water. Values over 125 Jlg/l means that returning water contains in principle more drilling water than groundwater. Concentration values of the label agent in the returning water of borehole OL-KR37 varied from 140 to 360 Jlg/1. The analysis of sodium fluorescein concentrations are presented in Appendix

19 14 Drilling and returning water j- Xilling water -Returning water j w s =---- u o ::;, Depth, m Figure 2. Cumulative consumption of drilling water and amount of returning water during the drilling of boreholes OL-KR3 7 and OL-KR37B. 3.4 Groundwater level in the borehole Groundwater level in the borehole varied between 0.20 and m. The result depends on the stabilising time before measurements. The growidwater level is measured from the growid surface. 3.5 Electric conductivity of drilling and returning water During the drilling, the electric conductivity of drilling water and returning water was monitored. Electric conductivity of each drilling water batch was measured after mixing the label agent. Electric conductivity varied between 20.7 and 25.7 ms/m during the drilling of boreholes OL-KR37 and OL-KR37B. The results are presented in Appendix 8.9. The variation range of the electric conductivity of returning water was larger and it varied from 22.7 to 53.5 ms/m during the drilling of borehole OL-KR37. Mainly the values were between 23 and 35 ms/m. The conductivity of the returning water is affected by the content of groundwater and by groundwater' s conductivity. The values measured were between 23.1 and 27.7 ms/m during the drilling ofborehole OL-KR37. The results are presented graphically in Figure 3.

20 15 Electric conductivity E c;; 4o.o t lll e s: !-----'l d t -f-l' -\ ,r+-' s Depth, m Figure 3. Electric conductivity of returning water from boreholes OL-KR37 and OL KR37B. 3.6 Drill cuttings yield Drill cuttings were collected in a sedimentation tank and the volume of drill cuttings was measured. From borehole OL-KR37, about 1530 litres of drill cuttings was collected. With the used bit size 75.5/50.2 mm, 2.52 litres of rock per metre was ground to drill cuttings. Consequently, the total volume of drill cuttings generated was about 780 litres. f the expansion factor 1.7 of wet cuttings is assumed, the yield would be about 1330 litres. This means that about all of drill cuttings were recovered to sedimentation tank. The result indicates that there is no significant amount of drill cuttings residue left in the borehole and in fractures. From borehole OL-KR37B, about 180 litres of drill cuttings was collected.. Consequently, the total volume of drill cuttings generated was about 105 litres. f the expansion factor 1. 7 of wet cuttings is assumed, the yield would be about 180 litres. This means that about all of drill cuttings were recovered to sedimentation tank.

21 The result of MWD -measurements Drilling parameters were saved on the memory card of the rig computer. When the hole was completed, the recorded data was transferred to a separate computer. The rig records pressure and volume of the flushing water, rotation speed, penetration speed, hydraulic system pressure and weight on the bit. The drilling parameters are presented in Figure 4. The driller sets in the rig computer the previously chosen limits for feed pressure and bit force, which are followed by the rig during the drilling. Feeding force is the force working on the bit and generated by the rig feed and the weight of the drill string and which is needed for the optimal penetration speed. The feed force is adjusted by the system pressure and bit force. At the depth interval from about 230 m to 240 m all recorded values have large variations probably because of wedging of the borehole. Most of the other peak values are narrow and can probably be caused by technical matters or fractures. The system pressure varied mostly from 130 to 300 bars. After the beginning of the borehole the system pressure had small increasing tendency towards the end of the borehole. The variation of bit force is clearly larger than variation of system pressure partly due to the variation of hardness in the Olkiluoto bedrock. However, the pattern of the variation of bit force is quite similar to that of system pressure. At the beginning of the hole the bit force is mainly between 10 and 30 kn. At the end of the borehole the bit force increases clearly. Penetration speed was kept as constant as possible by the automatic process control. Generally the penetration speed was from about 15 to 20 cm in a minute but in some short intervals it varied slightly. During the bedrock drilling the rotation speed of rods varied generally between 1,000 and 1,400 rpm.

22 17 Depth Penetr Bitf Sys pre H20 pre H20 flow RPM 1 : an km 60 0 bar tar lpn Figure 4. Drilling parameters ofboreholes OL-KR78 and OL-KR37B.

23 18 The rig records also the behaviour of flushing water. The driller sets the upper and the lower limits for the water flow, which will not be exceeded or fallen below. Water flow was quite constant except for some zones, where probably the fractures in bedrock caused significant variations in the flow values. During the bedrock drilling of borehole OL-KR37 the water pressure varied normally between 0.5 and 1.5 MPa. Most of the other peak values are narrow and can probably be caused by technical matters or fractures. One technical factor causing the variations could be bit wear. After the beginning of the borehole the water pressure had increasing tendency towards the end of the borehole. 3.8 Flushing of the bore hole Before the final flushing of the borehole, the walls of the borehole were washed with the label agent water to drop all loose material from the walls to the bottom of the borehole. A steel brush was utilized in washing the hole (Figure 5). n addition water jets thh inclined holes at the root of the brush were directed against the wall of the hole. The water was pumped thh the drill rods. After the walls of the borehole OL-KR37 were cleaned with the brush and watetjets, the borehole was cleaned by pumping water thh alu-53 drill rods with a submersible pump. An adapter with rubber sealing was lowered on the cone installed at the bottom of the casing (0 140/134). The adapter was lowered and lifted by a drill string, which was screwed to the top of the cone. Another drill string of alu-53 rods, which nearly reached the bottom of the hole, was attached to the lower side of the adapter. The weight of the drill strings pressed. the adapter and the cone tightly together and there was no water leakage between them. n this method, the lowermost 9 m of the drill rods are perforated. A submersible pump was lowered to the depth of about 25 m inside the 0 140/134 mm casing. Consequently, the flushing water circulates via the bottom of the borehole. Pumping was interrupted four times and drill rods were moved up and down in the borehole to remove any residual drill cuttings from the walls of the borehole. The pump was taken out of the casing before moving the drill rods, and lowered back after the procedure and the pumping continued.

24 19 The pumping was carried out between 04:10pm on the 28th of July and 02:30pm on the 1st of August During the flush pumping m 3 of water was pumped with an average rate of 16481/h from borehole OL-KR37. After the walls of the borehole OL-KR37B were cleaned with the brush and 4.0 m 3 water the borehole was cleaned by pumping water from hole with a submersible pump. A submersible pump was lowered to the depth of about 25 m. The pumping was carried out between 03:15 pm on the 19th of August and 06:15 am on the 22nd of August During the flush pumping 11.8 m 3 of water was pumped with an average rate of 302 1/h from borehole OL-KR37B. During the pumping of borehole OL-KR37 the descending of the water level and the time-rate of recovery of the water level after pumping were observed. Measured groundwater levels are presented in Appendix Figure 5. Steel brush used for washing boreholes (in picture a brush for rjj 76 mm holes).

25 21 4. ENGNEERNG GEOLOGY 4.1 Engineering geological logging Handling of the core was based on the POSV A work instructions TY0-0-03/0 1 "Core handling procedure with triple tube coring (in Finnish)". Drill core samples were placed in about one metre long wooden core boxes immediately after emptying the core barrel. Core boxes were covered with damp proofing quality aluminium paper so that the aluminium surface was against the core. Also the wooden blocks separating the different sample runs were covered by aluminium paper. Drill core was handled especially carefully during and after the drilling. Core was placed on the boxes avoiding any unnecessary breakage. Broken and clay rich core was wrapped in aluminium foil to avoid breaking it during storage and logging. f loose rock fragments from the borehole walls were encountered during logging, they were placed after the block marking the end of the previous sample run. Therefore, at the beginning of a sample run there might be rock fragments that do not belong to the sample run itsel Geologist logged the core in a transportable office at the drilling site. Logging was designed for engineering geological purposes (Gardemeister et al. 1976, Korhonen et al. 1974). Following parameters were logged: fracture classification, fractured zones and core loss, artificial break and fracture frequency and RQD, petrography, foliation degree, degree of weathering and core discing. n addition, the lift and the core box number were documented. List of lift lists depths as they has been marked on the spacing wooden blocks separating different sample runs in the core boxes. f the length of the core in the sample run indicated that sampling depth was different from the depth marked during drilling, the true sample depth has been corrected on the spacing block. Therefore, the sample run depth means the sample depth. The drilling depth might be deeper than the sampling depth if the core li:fter slips and part of the core is left in the borehole and is not retrieved until with the next lift. List of core boxes lists the start and end depths of the core in each core box. n the list of fractures the fractures were numbered sequentially from the top to the bottom of the borehole. Fracture depths were measured to the centre line of the core and were

26 22 given with one centimetre accuracy. f the middle line of an gular fracture did not coincide with the centre line of the core, an appropriate depth was given. f observations were given for a depth interval, the depth was given to the end of the last fracture, for example in the case of crushed zone. Logged depths were corrected to the true core depth, i.e. if there were depth inaccuracies due to the core loss or the core lifter had slipped, the depth written on the wooden block marking at the end of a lift was corrected. naccuracies due to core loss were also logged separately. The nature of a fracture was described with abbreviations: op = open, rusty/limonite covering ti = tight, no filling material fi =filled fisl = filled slickenside grfi = grain filled clfi = clay filled. The term "open" was used in core logging if fracture had rustyllimonite covering. Angle of a fracture was given relative to the core axis. f a fracture was parallel to the axis its core angle was 0 and correspondingly if a fracture was perpendicular to the core axis its angle was 90. Thickness of the fracture filling was given in millimetres. The colour of the fracture surfaces was logged if it differed from the host rock colour significantly. Most usually the colour of filled and open fractures differed from the host rock colour. Tight fractures had typically only a slightly different shade from the host rock colour. Fractures, which had a clear colour but the core was intact across the fractures were classified as filled fractures. n these cases in the remarks column has been written "" or "partly ", which indicates that the fracture is healed or partly healed and its permeability is poor in its natural state. Fractures, which had euhedral or subhedral mineral growth, have "crystals" written in the log. n addition, if any smell (ammonia, hydrogen sulphide) was detected, it was recorded to the remarks column. Minerals have been logged only if their recognition was absolutely sure. Mineral names used have been listed in the petrography section of the report.

27 23 Fracture surface colour (minerals) has been described with three to four letter abbreviations: brow, lbro, dbro (brown, light brown, dark brown) gray, lgra, dgra (gray, light gray, dark gray) gree, lgre, dgre (green, light green, dark green) red, lred,dred (red, light red, dark red) The colour shades of the fracture surface colours were described by adding one letter to the front of the three letter colour abbreviation. For example: rbro (reddish brown) Recognition of the mineral composition of the rock is qualitative and the mode has been estimated by eye. Mineral names have been abbreviated using the system used in Saltikoff's (1972) Finnish mineral name catalogue. Same abbreviations have also been used in the fracture descriptions. The most common abbreviations used are: quar = quartz feld = feldspars (Kfeldspar or plagioclase) biot = biotite carb = carbonate (unspecified) talc= talc chlo = chlorite clay = clay minerals (unspecified) = sulphide minerals (unspecified) fehy = Fe-hydrates, (limonite) epid = epidote grap = graphite Fracture surface morphology is described with following abbreviations: plan (planar) (gular) (ed) Fracture surface quality was described with a four letter abbreviation. The three step classification used corresponds with the JRC-numbers (Barton & Choubey 1977). (h; JRC 15-20)

28 24 (semih; JRC 7-14) smoo (smooth; JRC 0-6) Core loss is the result of geological factors, which may include strong weathering or fracturing of rock, or technical factors during the drilling. The depth of core loss, lengt and cause was logged. f the location was not known exactly, the depth interval where the core loss occurred has been logged. Consequently, the depth measurements following the core loss are marked with notation. Fractured zones were described in the list of the fractured zones and core loss using the following abbreviations: Rim = fracture-structured, densely fractured, more than 10 fractures per metre RiiV = crush-structured RiV = clay-structured Break and natural fracture frequency and ROD were logged on full metre depth intervals. Break frequency is the number of core breaks within one metre interval. Drilling, core handling, core discing and natural fractures cause breaks. Fracture frequency is the number of natural fractures within one metre interval. f the break frequency is higher than the natural fracture frequency the core must have been broken during the drilling or core handling accidentally or by purpose. f the natural fracture frequency is higher than the break frequency the fractures must be tight and cohesive enough to keep the core together. RQD gives the percentage of over 10 cm long core segments, which are separated by natural fractures, within one metre interval. Petrographical description is based on the Finnish engmeenng geological rock classification (Korhonen et al. 1974, Gardemeister et al. 1976). Each rock type has been described at the first occurrence and only the changes are added later if there has been significant differences in the deeper sections. Grain size has been classified as follows: Very fine grained, glassy, grain not visible to naked eyes Fine grained Medium grained Coarse grained Very coarse grained << 1 mm < 1 mm mm mm >50 mm Texture has been described with following terms (Finnish abbreviations used): Massive M

29 25 Foliated L Mixed (migmatitic) s Foliation degree has been described using the Finnish engineering geological classification. Zones of relatively constant foliation intensity were delineated and the angle of foliation was measured with a point interval of about 10 m. n addition, the foliation degree was estimated using the above mentioned classification (Korhonen et al. 1974, Gardemeister et al. 1976). Foliation degree has been classified to four categories: unfoliated 0 weak 1 medium 2 strong 3 Texture and foliation intensity description can have following variations: MO, M1, L1, L2,L3,SO,S1,S2,S3. Degree of weathering was described with following abbreviations (Korhonen et al. 1974, Gardemeister et al. 1976): RpO = unweathered Rp 1 = slightly weathered Rp2 = strongly weathered Rp3 = completely weathered f there are small changes in the weathering degree within the logged depth interval, for example around fractures, the overall weathering degree is given first and the minor weathering changes in brackets. When the weathering within a certain zone varies between two weathering degrees, the degrees used for such a zone are separated with a dash, e.g. Rp0-1. Core discing has been logged separately. Depth intervals, within which core discing occurs, have been documented. The number of breaks and core discs, the minimum and maximum spacing between discs has been logged. n each break, the geometry of the disc surfaces have been described using the following classification (the core is running from left to right): ( ( = top surface concave, lower surface convex

30 26 ( = top surface concave, lower surface planar (= top surface planar, lower surface convex )) = top surface convex, lower surface concave ) = top surface convex, lower surface planar ) = top surface planar, lower surface concave 11 =top surface planar, lower surface planar )( = top surface convex and lower surface convex S =saddle A = incomplete discing All core boxes were photographed (colour) both dry and wet. Core photographs (wet) are presented at the end of the report. n addition, close up photographs were taken from well preserved fractured zones and individual clay filled fractures. These photographs (wet) are presented at the end of the report after the full core box photographs.. The depth of each run where the core has been orientated has been recorded. Also the start and end depths and the length of the orientated part of the sample have been marked. f the mark has been bad or it has not been found at the upper end of a lift marked with "SN' by the driller, there is a comment of this in the list. Core orientation was carried out by lowering a hinged marking spike in the hole with a wire. The spike lies against the bottom of the hole and makes a mark at the bottom of the hole. n the next run the mark will be at the upper end of the core sample and the sample may be orientated utilizing the directional information of the hole. Orientation of samples was utilized in determining the direction of fractures and other linear features in the core. 4.2 The effects of drilling to the sample quality Core loss due to rock breaking or grinding occurred in borehole OL-KR37 in two places and in borehole OL-KR37B in two places. Total length of core loss was 0.77 m in borehole OL-KR37 and 0.73 m in borehole OL-KR37B. n few places, the ends of core samples had signs of rotation but there was no significant core loss. Core loss is shown in Appendix The sample quality is better while drilling with triple tube core barrel than drilling with conventional double tube core barrel. n addition the sample quality is better when using an automatic drill rig, because the drilling is controlled by the computer continuously by

31 27 taking several measurements per second. n a triple tube core barrel the inner tube is split and it is not necessary to shake the core out of the inner tube. Therefore, the core will stay more compact than in a normal double tube core barrel. This advantage is especially noticed when drilling fractured rocks; it is not necessary to fit the ends of the core pieces together. n addition, soft fracture fillings will be preserved much better. Furthermore, there is much less drill cuttings on the core surface, in the breaks and fractures. 4.3 Rock quality Drill core consisted mainly of rock types, mica gneiss (MGN) and granite (GRAN), which had been described earlier from the area. Mica gneiss is typically migmatitic and in many places granitic (pegmatitic) material is abundant. One section of tonalite (TON) is observed, too. Mica gneiss and granite are in many places intercalated and, consequently, in drill core, average intersections are only few metres thick. Therefore rock types have been classified by the major rock type and can have thin layers of minor rock type. Migmatic mica gneiss comprises mica rich bands and light medium to coarse grained granitic bands. t is typically weakly to moderately foliated, L1, L2. The grain size of mica gneiss varies from fine grained to medium grained. The main minerals are quartz, feldspars and biotite. Granite is equigranular. ts grain size varies from medium grained to coarse grained, in places it is pegmatitic. The texture is typically massive, MO, but there are some weakly foliated mica gneiss inclusions, M1. The main minerals are feldspars, quartz and biotite. Tonalite is equigranular and grain size is mainly medium grained. Tonalite is weakly foliated, L 1. The main minerals are feldspars, quarts and biotite. Petrographical description along the borehole is presented in Appendix Graphic log showing the rock types and fracture frequency is presented in Figure 6. Drill core ofborehole OL-KR37 is mainly unweathered or from unweathered to slightly weathered (RpO, RpO(Rp 1 ), Rp0-1 ). Three sections of slightly weathered rock (Rp 1) were observed. Totalling 6.63 m slightly weathered rock was observed. Drill core ofborehole OL-KR37B is mainly unweathered or from unweathered to slightly weathered (RpO, RpO(Rp 1 ), Rp0-1 ). Two sections of slightly weathered rock (Rp 1 ), one

32 28 section of strongly weathered (Rp2) and one section of strongly with completely weathered (Rp2(Rp3)) rock were observed. Totally about 8.76 m slightly weathered, 1.82 m strongly weathered (Rp2) and 1.49 m strongly with completely weathered (Rp2(Rp3)) rock was observed. The weathering degree of rocks is shown in Appendix Dip and dip direction of foliation and angle of foliation relative to the core axis were measured. The average values of measured dips and dip directions are 42 and 135 in boreholes OL-KR37 and OL-KR37B together. Dip and dip direction of foliation vary considerably. Foliation intensity and foliation angles have been presented in Appendix Fracturing Fractures in the drill core are mostly of filled type. Fracture fillings are most commonly sulphides (, magnetite), white kaolin or white or gray carbonate and black chlorite. Some clay was also observed as fracture filling. n most fractures, the fracture filling is a very thin layer on the fracture surfaces, and the opposite surfaces of the fracture match perfectly. Commonly the fracture filling is only a patchy coating on the fracture surfaces but these are still classified as filled fractures. Only a few fractures have a filling, which is thicker than one millimetre. The thickest fracture filling is about 10 millimetres. Most fractures, which have coloured surfaces, were classified as filled fractures. Tight fractures may also have a colour and, consequently, there is no clear distinction between tight and filled fracture. Some fractures, including filled fractures, are healed. n total, 153 healed fractures were intersected, which means about 26 % of all fractures in borehole OL-KR37. n total, 53 healed fractures were intersected, which means about 25% of all fractures in borehole OL-KR37B. n total, five clay filled, four grain filled and 25 slickensided fractures were observed in borehole OL-KR37 and four clay filled, four slickensided and three grain filled fractures in borehole OL-KR37B. n one place in borehole OL-KR37 and in two places in borehole OL-KR37B, to prevent the core to falling apart, the core was left in the box. Therefore, in these sections it was not possible to define the exact nature of the fractures. Some of the slickensided fractures have clay or grain filling and some clay filled fractures have slickensides under the fill. Slickensided fractures occur thh the core but most of them are in or near the zones of higher fracture density. Detailed list of the fractures are presented in Appendix 8.15.

33 29 Morphology of the fractures varies a significantly. Most commonly surfaces are gular and semih (JRC-number 7-14). The second most common morphology is gular and h (JRC-number 15-20) or planar with a semih surface. However, different variations are common. The most typical fracture direction is in the direction of schistosity. The dip direction of fractures is towards SE-E and dip varies between gently dipping and about 60 degrees. Figure 5 shows the dip directions and the dips of the fractures on a lower hemisphere projection. The directions have been corrected using the directional survey data of Maxibor instrument. Average fracture frequency in borehole OL-KR37 is 1.8 fractures per metre and 5.0 fractures per metre in OL-KR37B. The mean RQD value for borehole OL-KR37 is 96.0% and 88.7% for borehole OL-KR37B. Fracture frequency is shown graphically in Figure 6. The full logs of the fracture frequency, artificial breaks and RQD are presented in Appendix n borehole OL-KR37 four zones of strongly fractured rock were intersected. All zones are fracture-structured (Rill). Total length of these four sections is 4.51 m, which is about 2.9 % of the total core sample of this borehole. n borehole OL-KR37B two fracture- Figure 5. Dip directions/dips of fractures on a lower hemisphere projection. Contours presented are 2, 4, 6 and 8 %.

34 30 structured zones (Riiii) and two crush-structured zones (RiiV) were intersected. The total length of two sections is 4.03 m, which is about 9.4% of the core sample of this borehole. Fractured zones are presented in Appendix Core orientation The aim was to orientate samples as much as possible in order to measure geological features. n borehole OL-KR37 73 orientation operations were carried out. Seven orientation marks had to be rejected. n total, metres (94.2 %) of core was orientated. The average length of orientated core per one successful marking operation was 4.64 metres. The length of consistent orientated sections varied between 3.40 to metres. n borehole OL-KR37B seven orientation operations were carried out. One orientation mark had to be rejected. n total, metres (69.3 %) of core was orientated. The results are shown in Appendix The failures in the orientation operations were caused by various reasons. n most cases the reason was fractured or inclined bottom of the borehole. Due to these phenomena the mark was unclear, distorted or lacking completely. n addition in one case the bottom of the hole was already loose during the marking and the mark became unreliable. 4.6 Core discing The drill core showed no evidence of core discing.

35 31 Depth Rock types Natural fractures pc/m 1: t P L> c ==-- """5t. = r k _;? :2.. v 140.0!'-> f> > D Granite Mica gneiss p D = p p- p 260.0!-"'" p i? Tonalite f> Figure 6. Graphic log of the borehole showing rock types and fracture frequency (data from Appendices 8.12 and 8.16).

36 33 5. ROCK MECHANCS 5.1 Rock mechanical field tests on core samples Rock strength and deformation property tests were made with a Rock Tester-equipment. Samples for the testing were taken about every 30 m, or if the rock type changed. The device is meant for field testing of rock cores to evaluate rock strength and deformation parameters. The rock cores tested can be unprepared and the test itself is easy to perform hence being a lucrative testing method. Young's Modulus E, Poisson's ratio v and Modulus of Rupture Smax were measured with a Bend test in which the outer supports (L) were placed 190 mm apart and the inner supports (U) 58 mm apart. Diameter of the core (D) is 50.2 mm. The test arrangement is shown in Figure 7. Young's Modulus describes the stiffuess of rock in the condition of isotropic elasticity. This can be calculated based on Hooke's law (equation 5.1.1) [Pa] (5.1.1) cr = stress [Pa] Ea = axial strain Poisson's ratio is defined as the ratio of radial strain and axial strain (equation 5.1.2). Er = radial strain Ea = axial strain (5.1.2) Values ofmodulus of Rupture are read directly from the Bend test measurement. Uniaxial compressive strength crc was determined indirectly from the point load test results. The point load tests were made according the SRM instructions (SRM 1981 and SRM 1985). The point load index lsso, which is determined in the test, is multiplied by 20 and the resulting value corresponds with the uniaxial compressive strength (Pohjanpera et al, 2005).

37 34 u L>3,5D DUU3 L Figure 7. Bend test. Radial and axial strain gauges glued on the core sample. n the point load test the load is increased until the core sample breaks (Fig. 15). The point load index is calculated from the load required to break the sample. The test result is valid only if the break surface goes thh the load points. The point load number s is calculated from the equation p ls=-2 D [Pa] (5.1.3) P = point load [N] D = diameter of the core sample [mm] Point load number is dependent on the diameter of the core sample and it is corrected to the point load index using the equations and The result is not dependent on the sample size. (») 0,45 F=- 50 (5.1.4) (5.1.5)

38 35 Figure 8. Point load test. 4 D ' 5.2 Strength and elastic properties Samples for testing the strength and elastic properties of the rock were taken every 30 m. Sample should be one piece at least 0.25 m long without any healed fractures or not remarkably micro fractured. n total, 11 samples of mica gneiss, two samples of tonalite and one sample of granite (pegmatite) were tested. One Bend test and two Point load tests were done from each sample. Differences in measurements are caused by the variability in the foliation intensity and grain size. Before these measurements geologist has marked in point-loaded sample the planned direction, and logged following parameters; angles of a foliation versus point load tests, rock type, foliation intensity and description of foliation. Point load was done so that the foliation was perpendicular to the core axis (its angle was 90 ). The description of foliation versus point-loaded samples is in Appendix The mean uniaxial compressive strength of all samples is 106 MP a. The average elastic modulus of all samples is 40 GPa. The average Poisson's ratio of all samples is The rock mechanical test results are presented in Appendix 8.19, in which the mean strength and elastic properties are presented. Uniaxial compressive strength, Young's Modulus and Modulus of Rupture of all rock types versus depth are shown in Figure 9.

39 Young's Modulus [GPa] ";' _ Uniaxial compressive strength [MP a] ";' ,._Modulus of Rupture [MPa] ";' -= : tl.l = tl.l = 0 -c...i = - tl.l c..t)jl "' tl.l 0 0 = (,j ' "'0 ";"'0 0 - = = / a Depth [m] Figure 9. Uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and Modulus of Rupture versus depth. Mica gneiss is shown as black, granite as red and tonalite as yellow symbols.

40 37 6. SUMMARY Posiva Oy submitted an application to the Finnish Government in May 1999 for the Decision in Principle to choose Olkiluoto in the municipality ofeurajoki as the site of the final disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel. A positive decision was made at the end of 2000 by the Government. The Finnish Parliament ratified the decision in May The decision makes it possible for Posiva to focus the confirming bedrock investigations at Olkiluoto, where in the next few years an underground rock characterisation facility, ONKALO, will be constructed. As a part of the investigations, Suomen Malmi Oy core drilled a m deep borehole in the area. The borehole identification number is OL KR37. Because the precollar for borehole OL-KR37 was done by down-the-hole percussion drilling, another diamond borehole OL-KR37B was core drilled next to it in order to attain full rock sample coverage also from the upper part of the bedrock. Length of the borehole is m. The core was drilled using a triple tube core barrel which had a split inner sample tube. During the drilling, the electric conductivity of drilling and returning water and the volume of drilling and returning water were monitored. The monitoring was aimed to get additional information of the bedrock quality. n boreholes OL-KR37 and OL-KR37B the electric conductivity of the drilling water and returning water varied from 20.7 to 25.7 ms/m and from 22.7 to 53.5 ms/m, respectively. The drill rig was computer controlled and during drilling the drilling parameters were recorded. Drilling water was marked with sodium fluorescein as the label agent. During the drilling and flushing of borehole OL-KR37 about 273 m 3 of water was used. The amount of returning water in borehole OL-KR37 was about 221m 3 During the drilling and flushing ofborehole OL-KR37B about 21m 3 of water was used and about 16m 3 returning water was measured. After the drilling, the borehole was flushed by pumping about 155m 3 of water from the bottom of the borehole OL-KR37 and about 12 m 3 of water from the borehole OL-KR37B. The deviation of the borehole OL-KR37 was measured with EMS- and Maxibordeviation survey tools and OL-KR37B was measured with EMS- deviation survey tool. The borehole OL-KR37 was wedged in two depths.

41 38 Uniaxial compressive strength, Young's Modulus, and Poisson's ratio were determined from the core samples. The average uniaxial compressive strength is 106 MPa, Young's Modulus 40 GPa and Poisson's ratio Rock types intersected by the borehole are migmatitic mica gneiss, granite and tonalite. Rock types are mostly unweathered or only slightly weathered. Filled fracture is the most common fracture type. The average fracture frequency in borehole OL-KR37 is 1.8 fractures per metre and in OL-KR37B 5.0 fractures per metre. Mean RQD values of boreholes OL-KR37 and OL-KR37B are 96.0 % and 88.7 %, respectively. n the boreholes 29 fractures with slickenside, nine clay filled and seven grain filled fractures were intersected. n borehole OL-KR37 four strongly fractured zones were intersected and in borehole OL-KR37B also four strongly fractured zones were intersected.

42 39 7. REFERENCES Barton, N. & Choubey, V., The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice. Rock Mechanics 1, s Springer-Verlag. Gardemeister, R., Johansson, S., Korhonen, P., Patrikainen, P., Tuisku, T. & Vahasarja, P Rakennusgeologisen kallioluokituksen soveltaminen. (The application of Finnish engineering geological bedrock classification, only in Finnish). Espoo: Technical Recearch Centre offinland, Geotecnicallaboratory. 38 p. Research note 25. SRM Suggested Methods for Determining the Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Deformability of Rock Materials. n Rock Characterization Testing & Monitoring. Oxford, Pergamon Press. s SRM Suggested Method for Determining Point Load Strength. nternational Journal Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Vol. 22, no 2. S Korhonen, K-H., Gardemeister, R., JaaskeHlinen, H., Niini, H. & Vahasarja, P Rakennusalan kallioluokitus. (Engineering geological bedrock classification, only in Finnish). Espoo: Technical Recearch Centre of Finland, Geotecnical laboratory. 78 p. Research note 12. Pohjanpera, P., Wanne, T. & Johansson, E Point load test results from Olkiluoto area- Determination of strength of intact rock from boreholes KR1-KR28 and PH1. Working Report Posiva Oy, Olkiluoto. (under preparation). Saltikoff, B Mineraalinimisanasto. Espoo, Geological Survey of Finland. Report of nvestigation N:o 11 (in Finnish). 82 pages. SBN

43 40

44 List of core boxes, OL-KR3 7 Appendix Number Section, m - m Number Section, m - m

45 List of core boxes, OL-KR37B Appendix Number Section, m - m

46 43 Lifts, OL-KR3 7 Appendix 8.2 Lifts, m Lifts, m Lifts, m Lifts, m Lifts, m wedging core wedging core

47 44 Lifts, OL-KR37B Appendix 8.2 Lifts, m

48 45 Appendix 8.3 lr.t l'i SUOMEN MALM OY Suomen Malmi Oy Maxibor-survey P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR37 Diameter: NQ3 Surveyed by: EKEL Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: 348 Survey date: Project No: Y: Azimuth: Reported by: JM Z: 5.13 Dip: Report date: Station.Northing Easting :: Qepth Dip Azimuth

49 46 Appendix 8.3 Ult l'i SUOMEN MALM OY Suomen Malmi Oy Maxibor-survey P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR37 Diameter: NQ3 Surveyed by: EKEL Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: 348 Survey date: Project No: Y: Azimuth: Reported by: JM Z: 5.13 Dip: Report date: Station Northing Easting Depth Dip Azimuth

50 47 Appendix 8.3 lt l'i SUOMEN MALM OY Suomen Malmi Oy Maxibor-survey P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR37 Diameter: NQ3 Surveyed by: EKEL Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: 348 Survey date: Project No: Y: Azimuth: Reported by: JM Z: 5.13 Dip: Report date: Station Northing Easting Depth Dip Azimuth

51 49 rtjt l'i SUOMEN MALM OY Maxibor-survey Suomen Malmi Oy P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Appendix 8.4 Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR38 Diameter: NQ3 Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: 348 Project No: Y: Azimuth: Z: 5.13 Dip: Surveyed by: EKEL Survey date: Reported by: JM Report date: Horizontal projection Easting (m) f---,*f-+-:-.:-:-+:r--:--+:++::t-_;_,...:..;r---:---f. g t...-., --'---""----'---.L.----'---""----'---"-----'-----'

52 50 re::qt l'i SUOMEN MALM OY Maxibor-survey Suomen Malmi Oy P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Appendix 8. 4 Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR37 Diameter: NQ3 Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: 348 Project No: Y: Azimuth: Z: 5.13 Dip: Surveyed by: EKEL Survey date: Reported by: JM Report date: Vertical projection

53 51 Appendix 8.5 lt l'i SUOMEN MALM OY Suomen Malmi Oy EMS-survey P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR37 Diameter: NQ3 Surveyed by: EK Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: 348 Survey date: Project No: Y: Azimuth: Reported by: JM Z: 5.13 Dip: Report date: Station,.. 1-,.- "':; l -:;. ; t : tu:>,..,,.: : -: ;,:_: '!'Y,l( <l '.. ':; '"- [)lp - '/Azlmu1h

54 52 Appendix 8.5 3t l'i SUOMEN MALM OY Suomen Malmi Oy EMS-survey P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR3 7 Diameter: NQ3 Surveyed by: EK Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: 348 Survey date: Project No: Y: Azimuth: Reported by: JM Z: 5.13 Dip: Report date: Station Northing Eastlng Depth " Dip Azimuth

55 53 Appendix 8.5 l.',[ l'i SUOMEN MALM OY Suomen Malmi Oy EMS-survey P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR37 Diameter: NQ3 Surveyed by: EK Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: 348 Survey date: Project No: Y: Azimuth: Reported by: JM Z: 5.13 Dip: Report date: ''::. '""""'.;:;;.t.-;,,. f ',""' f.:.---.'-:...:.>.. '..:;_: ;>, JP :-;,:..:Azimuth ::......:.. """" ':: :-'......_.._._.a.,

56 54 Appendix 8.5 Ult l'i SUOMEN MALM OY Suomen Malmi Oy EMS-survey P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR378 Diameter: NQ3 Surveyed by: AS,LMJ Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: Survey date: Project No: Y: Azimuth: Reported by: JM Z: 5.04 Dip: Report date: Station.Northing.... Easting Depth Dip Azimuth

57 55 rl?j,' [ l'i SUOMEN MALM OY EMS-survey Suomen Malmi Oy P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Appendix 8. 6 Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR37 Diameter: NQ3 Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: 348 Project No: Y: Azimuth: Z: 5.13 Dip: Surveyed by: EK Survey date: Reported by: JM Report date: Horizontal projection Easting (m) J '---..L-----'---..._---'---.&.-.---'---...,.&...-_--L-_

58 56 rtif.t l'l SUOMEN MALM OY EMS-survey Appendix 8.6 Suomen Malmi Oy P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR37 Diameter: NQ3 Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: 348 Project No: Y: Azimuth: Z: 5.13 Dip: Surveyed by: EK Survey date: Reported by: JM Report date: Vertical projection 0.00 " 0 1t g.c C: Cl,) c ' L E:itt:!tri.-:H- nre :ttort-f;n.."tt--., ---L '

59 57 rl::,t A'' SUOMEN MALM OY EMS-survey Suomen Malmi Oy P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Appendix 8.6 Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR378 Diameter: NQ3 Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: Project No: Y: Azimuth: Z: 5.04 Dip: Surveyed by: AS,LMJ Survey date: Reported by: JM Report date: Horizontal projection Easting (m) '------"'"-----"' L-- ---L '

60 58 Appendix 8.6 r11.t l'l SUOMEN MALM OY EMS-survey Suomen Malmi Oy P.O.Box 10 Fl ESPOO Client: Posiva Hole No: OLKR378 Diameter: NQ3 Site: Olkiluoto X: Lenght: Project No: Y: Azimuth: Z: 5.04 Dip: Surveyed by: AS,LMJ Survey date: Reported by: JM Report date: Vertical projection Start direction (m) ::otl f------t------i g.t::. a Q) c l, r l

61 59 Appendbl S.7 constructon OF THE UPPER PART OF sore-ole OL-KR37 Z- top of the casing::: m Z- ground level::: +5."13 m a:: 2.50 m b == m c:: 0.41 m d:: m

62 60 Appendix s.7 consiruciion OF ii-\e UPPER PARi OF aorehole OL-KR37B Z - top of the casing "' m Z- ground level"' ll a::: 2.17 m b::: 2.82 m c::: 0.55 m d::: m

63 61 - Appendix 8.8 (..,_ : T J (0...- (0 N S).:::rm N / V.:::r LD m () ELr/J () r S) LD m EL i! 0(/J i.:::r- (.Q N \ ld S) N

64 r: ;t 2 [" <.0 c: Cl) "'-... Appendix 8.8 t a. f- ' J > , X <0 tl) c "' "f..., 0 X \ lu/1 i : T ---- r t : ---, --'-;.:: ::_:::;,-_. \ LL

65 63 Drilling water samples Appendix 8.9 Borehole OL-KR37 Date Time Depth Flowmeter reading Volume Batch Electric Label conduc- concentration litres tivity m before after litres no ms/m ug : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

66 64 Drilling water samples Appendix 8.9 Borehole OL-KR37 Date Time Depth Flowmeter reading Volume Batch Electric Label conduc- concentration litres tivity : : :10 wedging : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

67 65 Drilling water samples Appendix 8.9 Borehole OL-KR37B Date Time Depth Flowmeter reading Volume Batch Electric Label conduc- concentration litres tivity m before after litres no ms/m JJ.g : : : : : : : : :

68 66

69 67 Returning water samples Appendix 8.10 Borehole OL-KR3 7 Date Time Depth Sample Flushing water Label batch concentration m no no J.tg : : : : : : : : : , : : : : :

70 68

71 69 Water level in borehole during flush pumping, OL-KR37 Appendix 8.11 Date Time Water flow meter Water level, m Remarks litres : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350 Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : MP1 converter value 350Hz : end of pumping : : : : : : : : : : :00 water flows over head of casing : :00 water flows over head of casing Water level is measured from ground surface

72 70 Water level in borehole during flush pumping, OL-KR37B Appendix 8.11 Date Time Water flow meter Water level, m Remarks litres : MP 1 converter value 300 Hz : MP 1 converter value 180 Hz : MP1 converter value 130Hz : MP 1 converter value 138 Hz : MP 1 converter value 182 Hz : MP 1 converter value 182 Hz : MP 1 converter value 182 Hz : MP 1 converter value 182 Hz : MP 1 converter value 182 Hz : end of pumping : : : : end of pumping : : : : : : : Water level is measured from ground surface

73 Main rock type Minor subdivisions Start End Start End m m m m Rock type MGN GRAN GRAN GRAN GRAN GRAN TON MGN Description Migmatitic mica gneiss with some granite sections. Amount of granite varies and in many sections is quite high. The main minerals of the mica gneiss are biotite, feldspar group (potassium feldspar and plagioclase) and quartz. n some sections there is pinite. Migmatite contains about 30-50% of granite. Some longer granite sections detailed. Breccia structured section. Granite pegmatite with some mica rich sections. Flame texture in pegmatite. Quarz vein. Granite pegmatite, partly green coloured. Some Sulphides and few small caverns. Some Sulphides. Granite pegmatite with some mica rich sections. Graphite (quite a lot) and Sulphide. Wedging, core begins at the depth of m. Sulphide and a few graphite. Granite about 60 %. Granite pegmatite with some mica gneiss sections. Sulphide stripes. Fine grained section, center part slightly green coloured. Sulphide stripes. Reddish brown and gray colourted granite pegmatite and granite with some sections of mica gneiss, restites of mica gneiss. Tonalite, medium grained, gray coloured. Tonalite contains mainly narrow granite/pegmatite sections. Tonalite contains hornblende. Granite pegmatite with mica rich bands and fme grained tonalite sections. Pegmatite contains green coloured mineral. Migmatitic mica gneiss with some granite sections. Amount of granite varies and in many sections is quite high. n some sections there is pinite. Migmatite contains about 30-50% of granite. Some longer granite sections detailed. Section contains several fme grained section. Soine sections have slightly green coloured center part. Some sections contains garnet. Section contains several fme grained section. Some sections have slightly green coloured center part. Some sections contains garnet. 1-C 0 g l... (') f:l) - Cll (').S. '-.).6> "d [?0 -N -...)

74 GRAN Section of quartz, contains felspar too. Pegmatite. Quartz and also feldspar, section partly green coloured. Fine grained section, center part slightly grayish green coloured. Section contains small garnets. Fine grained section, center part slightly grayish green coloured. Quartz vein. Fine grained section, center part light gray coloured. Seection contains small garnets. Granite and pegmatite with restites of mica gneiss. Fine grained section. Amount of granite is quite high. Sulphide occurs occasionally as sripes and grains. Fine grained section. Fine grained section, center part light gray coloured and contains small garnets. g ::r... (") Cll (") ,J -...) N i [ $<'?0... N

75 Main rock type Minor subdivisions Start End Start End m m m m Rock type MGN Description Migmatitic mica gneiss with some granite sections. Amount of granite varies and in many sections is quite high. The main minerals of the mica gneiss are biotite, feldspar group (potassium feldspar and plagioclase) and quartz. n some sections there is pinite. n many sections there occurs sulphides as stripes and grains. Amount of granite varies about 30-50%. Some spharelite grains. Perthite. GRAN Granite pegmatit_with so1n- mic gneiss a!j.d mia rich sections. --- g ::r... (j e. ft Cl} (j ::t " ) to -...l VJ "0 [ 00 -N

76 74

77 75 Degree of weathering, OL-KR37 Appendix 8.13 Start End Weathering degree Remarks Rp RpO Rp Rp RpO Rp RpO Rp0-1 Pegmatite partly green coloured RpO RpO(Rp1) RpO Rp RpO Rp RpO

78 76 Degree of weathering, OL-KR37B Appendix 8.13 Start End Weathering degree Remarks Rp RpO Rp Rp2(Rp3) Rp RpO Rp Rp Rpl RpO Rp0-1

79 77 Foliation, OL-KR37 Appendix 8.14 Borehole section Rock Foliation Degree of Dip DiP Remarks Start (m) End(m). type angle ( 0 ) foliation direction ( 0 ) (0) MGN Migmatitic mica gneiss with granite sections. Gneiss Ll-L2, granite MO-Ll. n several sections there is no clear direction of schistosity/foliation MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN GRAN Granite pegmatite and granite with some restites of mica gneiss. MO (ML L1-2) TON Tonalite with granite/pegmatite sections, L1, MO TON TON TON TON MGN Migmatitic mica gneiss with granite sections. Gneiss L 1-L2, granite MO-L 1. n several sections there is no clear direction of hitm:itvv/fn 11tinn MGN MGN MGN Migmatitic mica gneiss. Mostly there is no clear direction of schistositv/foliation MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN MGN

80 78 Foliation, OL-KR37B Appendix 8.14 Borehole section Rock Foliation Degree of Dip Dip Remarks Start (m) End(m) type angle ( 0 ) foliation direction ( 0 ) (0) MGN Migmatitic mica gneiss with granite sections. Gneiss L 1-L2, granite MO-L 1. n several sections there is no clear direction of schistosity/foliation MGN MGN MGN MGN GRAN Granite pegmatite with some mica gneiss, MO (M1 L1-2)

81 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction e) dip dip m m (0) (0) dir.( 0 ' (0) fisl fi fi grfi fi fisl fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ' fi fi fi fi fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti fi fi 15 Colour of fracture surface blac dgra, gra blac, lgra blac, gray blac, dgra blac, dgra blac, dgra blac, gtay blac, gray gray gray gray gray blac dgra, gray, lgra gray, lgra whit, lgra blac, lgra blac, lgra lgra, gray, lbro lgra, gray, lbro blac, lbro lbro blac, gray blac, gray, lbro blac, lgra, lbro lbro, whit, gray blac, lbro lbro blac whit dgra, whit dgra,gray lgra, gray, lbro Fracture filling grap carb carb grap grap, carb carb carb carb carb carb carb carb carb, ea rh carb, carb, carb, carb,, grap carb carb mea Thickness Fracture Fracture of filled shape hness fracture, mm smoo smoo smoo smoo smoo 0.5 plan Remarks also fisl, splitted dir. oflineation 125 degr. splitted, partly partly partly partly, splitted,, splitted -- c 0 '"1') Jll 0 t""'...:1 g 0. :;<?0... V...:1 \0

82 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction (0) dip dip m m (0) (0) dir.( 0 (0) fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ' fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi Colour of fracture surface ggre gray, whit gray, whit gray, whit blac, gray, whit gray, whit gray, whit gray, whit gray, lgra blac, gray blac, gray blac, gray blac blac, dgra, lbro blac, lbro blac, lbro blac, brow blac, gray gray gray, lbro gray, whit, lbro gray, lbro blac, gray, lbro black dgra, lbro gray gray, lbro gray, lbro gray blac, lbro blac, gray, lbro dgra, whit lgra, lbro, blac, Fracture filling carb carb carb carb mica carb carb, carb carb, carb, kaol Thickness Fracture of filled shape fracture, mm 0.5 plan plan 0.5 plan Fracture hness Remarks splitted c 0 1-+) J'l [ >('?0... Vl 00 0

83 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction CO) dip dip m m CO) CO) dir.( 0 '1 (0) ti fi fi fi fi ti fisl fisl fi fi fisl fisl fi fisl fi fi 80 89' fi fisl fisl fi ti fisl fi fi fi fi fi fi ti ti fi ti fi L_ -- Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm blac, lbro lbro gray, lbro lgra carb, carb blac, gray blac, gray blac, lgre whit 1 blac, gray blac, gray gray, lbro blac, gray blac, gray blac blac, whit quar 7 blac blac whit 1 blac, gray lgra blac, gray lgra lgra blac, lgre blac, gray gray, lbro gray carb carb, carb, carb, carb Fracture shape Fracture hness smoo smoo smoo smoo smoo Remarks, splitted, splitted, splitted partly splitted dir. of lineation 150 degr. dir. oflineation 145 degr. cavern, and crystals, splitted dir. of lineation 145 degr. core sample crushed, core barrel problem and fractured rock, impossible to identify fractures splitted t:: 0..., Jll l ;g g 0.. :;<?0 -Vl 00 -

84 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction (0) dip dip m m (0) CO) dir._e i' fi fi fi ti ti fi fi fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti fi fi fi ti fi fi fi clfi fisl fi fi ti ti 60 Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm whit 1 dgra, lbro blac, lgra, lbro carb, blac, gray, lbro whit blac carb whit dgra, lgra carb whit carb 0.5 blac blac, gray, whit carb 0.5 whit whit kaol whit whit blac, lgra carb, 0.5 blac bhic dgra, lbro blac, gray blac, gray lgra carb gray carb gray gray carb 0.5 blac,gray blac, gray gray carb lgre Fracture shape trre Fracture hness smoo smoo Remarks also fisl t""'..., 0 Cil ) > "'=' "'=' g 0.. ;;:('?0 -Vl 00 N

85 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction e) dip dip m m CO) (0) dir.co' (0) fi fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti ti fi fi fi ti fi fi ti fi fi ti ti fi fi fi fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi 40 Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm gray carb, whit dgra,gray carb 0.5 dgra, lgra carb gray carb, gray, lbro carb, blac, gray, lbro carb, gray carb dgra gray, lbro carb, 0.5 lgra, lbro, blac gray, whit gray dgra blac, lgra, lbro gray gray, lbro blac, lgra, ggre gray, lgre blac, lgre whit blac, lgre, lgra lgra, lbro whit, blac, lgre lgre, blac, lgra lgre whit dgra, lbro carb, kaol carb carb, carb carb, mica, chlo carb, carb kaol Fracture shape plan Fracture hness smoo smoo Remarks, splitted splitted! --- t. 0 H) J,Jil 0 t""4...,] ;g g_ ;;:<?0 -V 00 V.)

86 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction CO) dip dip m m (0) (0) dir.( 0 ' CO) ti fi ti ti fi fi fisl fi ti fi fi fi fi ti fi fisl fi fi fi ti fisl fi fi fi ti fi fisl fisl fi fi fi fi fi ti fi Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm whit, lbro kaol, black, gray carb, lgre, lbro blac, whit carb,, grap 10 blac lgra, blac gray, blac blac, gray, lbro blac, gray, lbro carb, carb, grap, grap blac, gray, lbro carb, 0.5 blac, gray, whit carb,, grap 1 blac blac, lbro blac, lgra m1ca blsc, lgre blac, lbro lgra, lbro blac gray, lgra blac, gray blac, gray gray blac, gray, whit blac, gray, lbro dgra, lbro gray, lbro gray, blac mica carb kaol grap Fracture shape plan plan plan plan Fracture hness smoo smoo smoo smoo smoo smoo smoo Remarks, splitted not picked up, 10 mm carb filling between slickenside surfaces, not picked up not picked up also grfi slightly direction of lineation 115 degr. direction of lineation 35 degr. direction of lineation 35 degr. t: 0..., C/l 0 t"" -...J > "d "d g 0.. $:('?0 -V 00

87 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction CO) dip dip m m CO) (0) dir.( 0 ' (0) ti fi m fi fi fi fi fi fi grfi fi ti ti fi fi ti w w fi fi fi fi fi fi grfi fi ti fi ti ti fi fi fi fi fi fi 60 Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm blac m blac gray carb blac blac gray lbro 1 gray, lbro 3 gray lgra whit kaol w w lgra carb lgra carb whit kaol gray 1 blac, gray blac blac, gray, lbro, grap 1.5 blac, gray carb, grap gray gray dgra dgra blac lgra, lbro Fracture shape m w Fracture hness m w Remarks micro fractures, wedging, core begin at m micro fractures c 0 Sll 0 \ ---l ;g g 0.. >('?0 -V 00 V

88 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction CO) dip dip m m (0) (0) dir.( 0 ' e) ti ti ti fi ti ti fi fi ti ti ti ti ti fi ti , ti fi ti fi ti ti fi fi ti fi ti fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fisl ti ti 60 Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm gray, whit whit gray, lbro whit whit, lbro dgra, whit, lbro gray, whit lbro, whit, gray gray, whit whit lgra gray blac gray, lbro lgra, lbro whit blac kaol kaol kaol kaol, kaol, carb, kaol carb carb carb, carb, grap Fracture shape Fracture hness plan 161 Remarks, splitted, direction of lineation 35 degr c l4 0 J' ) > "tj "tj g 0..!><'?0 -V. 00 0\

89 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction e) dip dip m m (0) (0) dir.e) _COl grfi fi fi fi fi ti fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fisl fi fi fi fi ti fi ti fi clfi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti fi 60 Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm blac 2 dgra, lbro gray, whit, lbro kaol, gray, whit, lbro kaol, fray, lbro gray, lbro whit carb 0.5 whit whit whit whit blac, dgra carb gray whit blac blac, gray carb, gray gray lgra lgra, whit lgra, lbro whit blac gray gray blac blac ggre ggre blac, brow gray carb carb, kaol, carb, carb Fracture shape plan plan plan Fracture hness smoo Remarks direction of lineation 30 degr mainly partly,, splitted c 0 M) Jll l > :g g V l

90 ' Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction CO) dip dip m m (0) CO) dir.co' (0) fi ti fi ti fi ti fi fi fi ti ti fi fisl fi fi fi fi ti ti fi fi fi fi ti ti ti ti ti ti fi ti fi ti fi ti fi Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm lgra, whit carb whit carb, kaol 0.5 whit, lgre carb, 1 whit kaol lgre lgre, lyel carb 1 lgre, lyel carb 1 blac, lyel grap lgra, lyel 0.5 lgra, gra, whit lye lgra, whit whit lgre, whit blac, dgra blac, dgra lgra, whit gray, lgra blac, gray, lbro blac, gray carb, Fracture shape Fracture hness Remarks locat. inexact, core crushed, core loss partly, splitted, undulating slippy slightly slightly slightly c 0..., Jll ] f 0.. :;<?0... V 00 00

91 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction (0) dip dip m m (0) (0) dir.( 0 \ (0) fi ti ti ti fisl fi fi fi fi fi ti fi fi fi fi fi ti ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti ti ti ti fi fi fi fi ti 45 Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm gray carb blac gray whit blac, whit lgra blac, gray blac, lgra, lbro blac, gray blac, gray blac, gray, lbro gray gray blac, gray lgra whit blac, whit, ggra blac lgra blac whit, lbro gray whit, lbro whit lgra carb carb carb carb, carb carb, kaol kaol, carb, carb, carb kaol, carb Fracture shape plan plan Fracture hness smoo smoo Remarks direction of lineation 20 degrees partly, splitted c f4 0..., 0 t-' i g 0.. $<' 90 -V 00 \0

92 ... Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip number depth depth angle direction (0) m m (0) (0) fi fi fi fi fi ti ti ti ti fi ti ti fi ti fi ti fisl clfi ti fi ti fi fi fi ti fi ti ti fi ti fi fi fi ti ti fi 30 Recalc. Colour of dip dip fracture dir.co' e) surface whit whit blac, gray whit, lgra whit blac, whit 3 44 lgra, lbro whit blac, gray blac, gray whit, dgra whit dgra, whit, lbro whit blac, dgra whit, gray gray whit blac, whit whit, blac Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape fracture, mm kaol kaol carb, kaol carb, plan plan kaol, carb, kaol, carb 1 kaol, plan Fracture hness smoo smoo smoo Remarks undulating, splitted, direction of lineation 35 degrees also grfi and fisl slightly c 0 1-+j 0 J :1 > :g g Q.. ><?0 -Vl \0 0

93 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction (0) dip dip m m (0) (0) dir.(o' CO) fi fi ti fi fi fi ti fi fi ti fi ti fi fi ti fi fi fi ti fi ti fi fi fi ti clfi ti fi ti fi fi fi ti ti ti fi 55 Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm blac, gree chlo lbro blac, lgra blac, lgra gray carb carb carb whit carb 0.5 gray, lgra carb 0.5 lgra, lbro whit whit whit whit whit carb, kaol kaol kaol lgra, whit, lbro carb, 0.5 lgra whit, lbro whit carb, kaol kaol whit kaol, carb 1.5 whit, lgra kaol whit, lgra carb, kaol 0.5 whit kaol, whit whit Fracture shape plan plan plan Fracture hness smoo Remarks, partly slightly partly ra 0 1-+).,Cil 8. :;<'?0,_. V,_. \0

94 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction CO) dip dip m m CO) (0) dir.co) (0) fi ti fi fi ti ti ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti ti ti fi ti fi ti ti fi fi ti fi ti fi ti fi ti ti ti ti ti Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm whit, gray kaol, whit whit kaol kaol blac, whit, lbr kaol, gray, whit carb, kaol ggra whit, gray whit whit, gray kaol 0.5 gray gray whit lgra, blac lgra whit lbro, blac carb carb kaol mica carb kaol mica Fracture shape Fracture hness Remarks wedging, core begin at m spliutted t:..., 0 vfll 0 r...:1 "0 (') ::s 0.. ;;<!X> -Ul \0 N

95 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip number depth depth angle direction (0) m m (0) (0) ti ti fi fi fi ti fi ti ti ti fi ti ti ti ti ti ti fi fi fi fisl fi fisl fi ti ti fisl fi ti fi fi ti fi fi fi _!L_ Recalc. Colour of dip dip fracture dir.( 0 '1 (0) surface whit gray lgra lgra whit gray, whit whit whit blac, lgra, lbro gray blac blac, gray blac blac blac, gray blac blac, lgra, lbro gray, lgra, lbro 33 3 dgra, lgra, lbro blac,lbro Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape fracture, mm kaol carb carb plan carb kaol plan carb, kaol plan kaol kaol carb, 1rre carb, carb, carb, 0.5 _jrre Fracture hness smoo smoo Remarks splitted, dir. of lineation 5 degrees dir. of lineation 30 degrees dir. oflineation 15 degrees c 0...,,.cn 0 t"" -...) > 't:l 't:l g 0. ><?0 -V \0 w

96 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Recalc. number depth depth angle direction e) dip dip m m (0) (0) dir.( 0 ' (0) ti fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti fisl clfi fi fi fi ti fi fi fi 35 Colour of fracture surface blac, gray dgra, lgra, yell dgra, lbro dgra, lgra lgra, gray, lbro blac b1ac, lgra, lbro dgra, lgra lgra, lbro gray, lbro blac whit, lbro gray, whit blac blac gray gray, lbro gray, whit gray, whit dgra, lbro whit gray, whit, lbro lgra blac, lbro, gray blac, gree whit. lgre, blac whit whit, lbro whit whit whit whit Fracture filling carb carb, carb, carb, carb, kaol, kaol, kaol kaol, carb carb, kaol kaol kaol, kaol kaol Thickness Fracture Fracture of filled shape hness fracture, mm 1 plan 1 plan 1 plan plan plan Remarks partly direction of lineation 35 degrees c f4 0 i ri Jll 0 t"'" 't:l g 0.. ;;('?0 -Vl ':f

97 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip number depth depth angle direction CO) m m COl COl fi fi fi ti fi fi ti ti ti ti ti ti ti fi fi fi o' ti ti Recalc. Colour of Fracture Thickness dip dip fracture filling of filled dire' _CO) surface fracture, mm whit whit kaol whit kaol whit kaol lgra carb whit whit kaol Fracture shape Fracture hness Remarks t: 0 M-) Cil 0 [""' \0 V i [... ><?0 -V

98 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip number depth depth angle direction (0) m m (0) (0) fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti 50 Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm dgre, whir blac, whit carb blac, whit, brow carb, blac, whit carb whit, lbro carb, 1gra, 1bro carb, 0.5 dgre, lbro, lgre, carb whit kaol whit, blac lgra, dgre carb whit, dgre whit, dgre dgre dgre dgre, lgre carb dgre blac, gray, whit carb gree, blac blac, dgre blac, gray blac, gray, lbro carb, ggre, gray, lbro carb, gray, lbro, lgra, carb gray gray dgra, whit, brow kaol, gray blac, dgre, yell carb, blac, gray, lbro carb, lbro, carb 1 gray, lgra carb blac, gray, lbgra carb gray Fracture shape Fracture hness smoo Remarks, splitted, splitted partly splitted,, t""" 0..., a,.en 0 t""" -...] w > 'tl 'tl g 0..?0 -V \0 0\

99 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip number depth depth angle direction (0) m m COl CO) fi grfi grfi fi ti fi fi fi ti ti fi fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi clfi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti fi ti ti 40 Colour of Fracture Thickness fracture filling of filled surface fracture, mm blac, gray blac, dgre blac, gray lgra, lbro carb, lgra, lbro, whit whit carb, 1 lgra, lbro carb, lgra whit 0.5 blac, lbro carb blac, dgre dgre dgre, whit, lbro carb, dgre, blac blac, lgra carb gree, lbro, lgre lbro dgre 7 dgre gray blac blac lgre 1gre lgra lbro, whit, carb Fracture shape plan plan plan plan Fracture hness smoo Remarks micro fractures splitted, partly weathered rock crushed, all fractures impossible to identify c 0..., Jll tc i g 0..!><'?0 -Vl

100 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Colour of number depth depth angle direction CO) fracture m m (0) (0) surface fi 25 whit ti fi 0 blac, lgra fi 60 gray, lgra fi 55 gray, lgra fi 30 whit fi 70 blac, lgra ti fi 30 whit ti ti ti fi 60 whit, lbro fi 40 gray, lgra, lbro fi 30 gray, lgra, lbro fi 50 gray, lgra, lbro fisl 45 blac fi 35 blac, lgra fi 50 blac clfi 10 blac fi 60 blac fi 61 blac ti fi 55 blac fi 55 lgra 98 fi 35 dgra 99 fisl 25 blac fi 30 whit fi 35 whit, blac grfi 40 blac, whit Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape fracture, mm carb carb 0.5 carb carb 0.5 carb plan carb, carb, carb, grap plan carb 20 carb grap Fracture hness smoo smoo Remarks slightly slightly partly, partly, also grfi and clfi splitted also grfi and fisl, crushed rock not picked up not picked up not picked up crush structured rock crushed, all fractures impossible identyfy densely fractured section, weathered rock, not picked up, main fractures identyfied, shear zone, not picked up, not picked up not picked up c fa. 0 Uf/l "-l to > :g [ ;;;:?0 -V.. \0 00

101 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Colour of number depth depth angle direction (0) fracture m m CO) CO) surface fi 60 blac fi 20 whit, blac fi 45 blac, whit fi 30 blac, whit clfi 45 blac, gray fi 40 blac, gray fi 35 blac fi 80 blac, whit clfi 20 blac, gray fisl 20 blac, gray ti fi 55 blac fi 55 lbro fi gray fi lgra fi lgra, lbro fi 50 whit, blac fi blac, lgra fi lgra, lbro fi blac, lbro, lgra fi 80 lbro fi blac, lgra fi ggra, lbro fi blac, whit, lbro fi 80 blac fi blac, lgra fi 85 gree, whit fi 75 blac fi 75 blac fi 75 blac fi blac, lgbro fi 70 blac fi 70 blac fi 70 blac fi gray, lbro _ fi 60 whit Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape fracture, mm plan carb carb plan carb,, kaol plan carb carb,, carb carb carb, 1 1 plan Fracture hness smoo smoo smoo Remarks not picked up not picked up not picked up not picked up not picked up not picked up not picked up not picked up not picked up also clfi, partly, -- c 0 Jll ) Jj "C g p,.?0... V \0 \0

102 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip Colour of number depth depth angle direction (0) fracture m m (0) e) surface fi blac, gray fi 20 blac, lbro fi lgra, lbro fi dgra, gray, lbro fi blac, whit, lbro fi 40 whit, brow fi 70 lgra fi 65 gray, lbro ti fi 60 blac, lgra fi gray, lbro ti fi dgra fi 45 blac, dgra fi 20 blac, whit fi blac, brow fi 35 blac fi blac, lgra, lbro fi 20 blac fi 80 blac, gray fisl blac, dgre, lbro fi blac, whit, lbro fi gray, blac, whit fi blac, gray fi 50 blac fi 60 blac, gray fi 40 lbro fi 70 blac, lbro ti fi 35 blac, gray, lbro fi 60 whit ti fi whit, ggre ti fi whit, ggra ti 10 Fracture Thickness Fracture filling of filled shape fracture, mm carb, carb, carb, 0.5 carb, 0.5 carb 0.5 carb, plan quar 10 carb carb, chlo carb, 0.5 carb carb carb, carb 1 Fracture hness smoo smoo smoo Remarks caverns and crystals direction of lineation 45 degrees slightly ides 0 1-t) J (/) ) to > :g g 0.. >(" V... 0

103 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip number depth depth angle direction CO) m m CO) CO) ti fi fi ti fi fi fi fi fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi ti fi ti fi ti ti fi fi fi ti fi fi fi fi ti Colour of fracture surface lgre, lgra whit blac, dgra, lbro blac dgra, lbro brow brow gray, lbro gray, lbro blac, gray, lbro blac, lbro, lgra lgra lgra, lbro blac, lbro blac blac, lgra, lbro blac dgre,gray gray, lbro gree, lgra blac ggra, whit gray, dbro lgra, whit, lbro gray, whit, blac blac, lgra, lbro gray Fracture filling carb kaol carb carb,, carb carb kaol mica, carb, carb, Thickness Fracture Fracture of filled shape hness fracture, mm plan plan plan i,rre 1.5 Remarks splitted partly,! undulating, splitted, mainly t'-4 ra 0..., J Jll 0 t' ) g p,. ;;<?0,_. Vl,_. 0,_.

104 Fracture Start End Type Fracture Dip Dip number depth depth angle direction CO) m m (0) (0) fi ti fi fi fi fi fi fi Colour of Fracture Thickness Fracture fracture filling of filled shape surface fracture, mm gray blac, gray, lbro blac blac, gray, lbro plan gray, dgre, lbro plan lbro, dgre, whit gray, dgra Fracture hness Remarks slightly c 0..., Jn ] t:x1-0 N > :g [ >l' -V.

105 103 Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-KR37 Appendix 8.16 Start End Break frequency Natural fractures RQD Remarks m m pc/m J_c/m % less than meter values inexact, core loss values inexact, core loss values inexact, core loss

106 104 Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-KR37 Appendix 8.16 Start End Break frequency aturalfractures RQD Remarks m m pc/m pc/m % less than meter less than meter values inexact, core loss

107 105 Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-KR37 Appendix 8.16 Start End Break frequency Natural fractures RQD Remarks m m pc/m pc/m %

108 106 Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-KR37 Appendix 8.16 Start End Break frequency Natural fractures RQD Remarks m m pc/m pc/m %

109 107 Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-KR37 Appendix 8 16 Start End Break frequency Natural fractures RQD Remarks m m pc/m pc/m % less than meter less than meter

110 108 Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-KR37 Appendix 8.16 Start End Break frequency Natural fractures RQD Remarks m m pc/m pc/m %

111 109 Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-K.R37 Appendix 8.16 Start End Break frequency Natural fractures RQD Remarks m m pc/m pc/m %

112 110 Fracture frequency and RQD, OL-7B Appendix 8.16 Start End Break frequency aturalfractures RQD Remarks m m pc/m _pc/m % less than meter values inexact, core loss values inexact, slightly core loss values inexact, core loss values inexact, core loss

113 111 Fractured zones, core loss, OL-KR37 Appendix 8.17 Start End Class of the Core loss Remarks m m fractured zone m Rilll Rill Because of core loss impossible to identify end of the fractured zone exactly Core barrel problem and fractured rock Rill! Riiii About half of fractures Problem with core barrel and fracture almost parallel with core.

114 112 Fractured zones, core loss, OL-KR37B Appendix 8.17 Start End Class of the Core loss Remarks m m fractured zone m Rilll RiiV 0.40 Weathered rock crushed during drilling RiiV Crush structured, fractured rock crushed during drilling Rill About half of fractures are.

115 113 Core orientation, OL-KR37 Appendix 8.18 Point Depth of Orientation Remarks! orientation mark Start End Length m m m m rejected mark near center, rejected mark near center, rejected mark near center, rejected mark near center, rejected

116 mark near center, rejected mark near center, rejected

117 115 Core orientation, OL-KR37B Appendix 8.18 Point Depth of Orientation Remarks! orientation mark Start End Length m m m m loose core head, drilled twice, rejected

118 116

119 ! Start End Rock Degree of Foliation Foliation Description E v crc 1 crc 2 Smax depth depth type foliation angle CO) angle CO) of foliation m m a J3 GPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MGN regular MGN regular, (undulating) MGN regular MGN regular, twisting MGN regular GRAN TON weak TON weak MGN regular MGN regular, even reverse MGN regular, twisting MGN regular, twisting MGN impossibletospecify MGN 0-1 impossible to specify average All average MGN average TON )2.3_±_ g -...) s o,.o 0 W::r' e. 0 e: Cll a... 0 = Cll ft ) "0... g 0 Cll -0..,Cil 0 re "0 [... :.><?0 -\!:)

120 118

121 \.-..,._"

122 ,;. ;;w. --. f -- ""' -..- ': ( 4

123 121 v :V - jl'-.. _ =-.... li!.s: tl ,. --= _..it' '\ _r_ = (

124 122.,..i\f.:. ' '.,..._.:.:;:, \ '......A(; --.._--= ,_ ;-._ -. :., -"'.'f:t (. -.. '.. f--:. ""=---; (-;.,.,...? " _., _, ---" ; '

125 123, , - - -J -,..., ' '.;.J; ' - - ' r:: ' ,>JQ; t ', _..._._ ;j:- : ;f z ; - '.. '. lj.jf...-j1 r...,, t\,ll-,k :.:.l."'""'-"'-g"' ll '.,.. --'7 -.y.:; :'J'' ""

126 124 ""' '..::: :.. -,i.:.$.. '. - -,.,..,...

127 125. ' ;. - p_ ' tl :... > - - -

128 = - --., ----== _,._. ---., '"f' El r :.._ , -,. - fb:m l Bll,". '". _'.;,, ==--:-- --== '!!' :-;.; ' :: l J h

129 ::.-..., "..:6 ".. ; =-= t ;,, _ ,.. ' rp,.,r -. _._ -

130 128 "" - c : ,.,;. _i_ _.., -..:,.r..:}r. - "j J,.. ' "" w:.;..;. ; D., r..._r.; : L ' - >:' y - -_ o;...--._, :

131 129. -, -= ).. ;; r = a-.... ' / _ "' ;:""'. -- Z,.-,-., -,. J._.. " ', _. : "1'" "' -. t '!4"-:,,... :...,... _. -'...._, -...,).... "'- ' ;..

132 ,.., _ -- - ;-).. :,\_::, =- -;..,::.;.;::.,.-:: -. :. :; ": : >(. -: ,.f:... '.. -.., '} Y'f:. < '.U.' "(- 6' '.. '1P J l , _,J,#.,, \t.,.., -.., a.....,!.. 211rJ 51'

133 131.,. -;;. J " - r.f....,. (.., _._

134 ----= ', 132.,/ J ,_.._,...,..._ jt;"' ---:..., : -., :: ' ;: ;:.rr. f-:;;-.,:,; : :;::.:."j>ttiw "s;---=-=-- -,._ :.-v.',... - l.. ::: ). '..... _ -

135 133

136 134!. --.!'fl.: ', :... :..1{ :.: ::..,.:' : -... "r- ' : : ;... :- F..... ' '... '

137 135 ' t.'f',.,.,... =: / -: ::: : rj ;,«- " """-: ,t ,, '...so.:;. '....._:,. ' ,.....,... -:"", "'

138 ' ".., t.;1'.'-,.,..,.,. l...., - '

139 137 ( t, ",.,,. r c- ':. ""''" ;.;;..4*...A - <'t

140 138

141 139 OL-KR

142 ' - :... (.,., '"'-'---=-::: " - ---=-.-c :.....,... :., ' , i.;

143 141 Jii. '.&."\o; - -- "' /i!j <W."ir < "c : ;-- :;.r :. - ' '\

144 l , _..,, _, (,. > i4/ ,::j: : /!t-.. ;... '......,..:: _,.....,.,... _ -,_ :.,.. -;:..,., ':.. 1:t.--i_,. :11"'

145 . 143,..r_.: -=---,.., ' m OL-KR37B )."' ' a.\ " b "' to...,...,. ;: :---""' '-7...:. ( ; , cm m OL-KR

146 144-1/A r -, = -..,..,....>; ,j, ""' -,..t '< " ' "., ' S; m OL-KR37B