LECTURE 3, part 2 Changes of use (Käyttötarkoituksen muutokset)

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Annemari Nurmi
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1 Rak Building Physics Design 2 ACOUSTICAL DESIGN Autumn 2014 LECTURE 3, part 2 Changes of use (Käyttötarkoituksen muutokset) Matias Remes, M.Sc FISE A

2 Change of use (Käyttötarkoituksen muutos) A change of use occurs when the original use of the space changes as the result of renovation (i.e. old attic converted to apartments) Requires building permit and/or a change in city plan The statement of the Finnish Ministry of the Environment regarding changes of use: Current sound insulation regulations must be fulfilled If the use of the space does not change regulations need not be fulfilled; however, the renovation must not deteriorate the current sound insulation level

Finnish Ministry of the Environment regarding changes of use: Current sound insulation regulations must be fulfilled If the use of

3 Application of regulations Local building control authoritatives determine the regulation level to be applied to the project The extent to which Building Codes apply is considered based on the nature and extent of renovation as well as the use of the space to be renovated The special characteristics of the building and applicability to the intended use need to be considered Usually the goal is to fulfill current regulation level, some mitigation can be given concerning e.g. Impact sound insulation of stairways Airborne sound insulation requirements of stairway doors

special characteristics of the building and applicability to the intended use need to be considered Usually the goal is to fulfill current

4 Change of use acoustical challenges Difference to new construction The greatest challenges in the acoustical design of dwellings are associated with changes of use The difference to new construction: New construction uses standard solutions with well-known properties In renovation there are no standard solutions, which means that the acoustician needs to check all the structures Sound insulation the problem solving process: 1. Find out all the possible paths of sound between spaces 2. Find out the sound insulation along these paths 3. Determine structures, sealing details, silencers etc. with which to improve sound insulation to required level

means that the acoustician needs to check all the structures Sound insulation the problem solving process: 1.

5 Change of use acoustical challenges Phenomena to be considered Airborne sound insulation Horisontal direction Vertical direction Effect of HVAC installations (ducts etc.) on sound insulation Impact sound insulation Horisontal direction Vertical direction Sound insulation of the facades and roof HVAC noise control

6 Starting points for design Example: conversion of attic to apartment Specific consideration in attic conversions: the effect of the renovation on the acoustical conditions in the former top floor Usually the sound insulation of the floor between the attic and the top floor is inadequate (both airborne and impact sound insulation) Usually it is not possible to make changes to the roof of the former top floor, thus all the improvements need to be done in the attic: Impact sound insulation vertically Vertical sound insulation vertically The load bearing capacity of the old floor sets limitations to acoustical design

and impact sound insulation) Usually it is not possible to make changes to the roof of the former top floor, thus all the improvements need to be done in

7 Design principles General issues The resonance frequency of the floating floor must be designed to be below 50 Hz in order to achieve subjectively good impact sound insulation The floating structure needs to be as heavy as possible, e.g. concrete slab > 60 mm (limitations to design: load bearing capacity of the old floor, maximum allowable height of the floor, costs) The insulation material needs be flexible (low dynamic stiffness), e.g. Paroc SSB1 50 mm, dynamic stiffnes s = 8 MN/m 3 Other possibility is to design the floating floor using vibration isolation material (e.g. Sylomer); the vibration isolators are installed e.g. on the old floor joists as strips and the new floor is constructed on top The design of the vibration isolators depends on, e.g., the centerto-center spacing of the old joists Flanking transmission via the floating floor structure needs to be considered (horisontal sound insulation between neighbouring attic apartments)

concrete slab > 60 mm (limitations to design: load bearing capacity of the old floor, maximum allowable height of the floor, costs) The insulation material needs be flexible (low dynamic stiffness),

8 Design principles Resonance frequency of floating floor

9 Design principles Example 1: concrete slab on vibration isolators Vanha rakenne Uusi rakenne Lautaparketti - Parketinalusmateriaali Tuplex - Betonilaatta 60 mm, muottina poimulevy - Palkkien päällä Sylomer-kaista P12, leveys 40 mm k Mineraalivilla 100 mm - Vanha alalaattapalkisto, korkeus 370 mm - palkit k alalaatta noin mm - palkkien välissä vanha täyte

Palkkien päällä Sylomer-kaista P12, leveys 40 mm k 1100 - Mineraalivilla 100 mm - Vanha

10 Design principles Example 2: floating floor Vanha rakenne Uusi rakenne - Kipsimassa 40 mm (1800 kg/m3) ja keskeinen verkko D Muovipinnoitettu paperi - Mineraalivilla Paroc SSB1 50 mm - Suodatinkangas - Tasaushiekka - Suodatinkangas - Vanha välipohjarakenne (puurakenne ja alalaattapalkisto)

Muovipinnoitettu paperi - Mineraalivilla Paroc SSB1 50 mm - Suodatinkangas

11 Example: flanking transmission R`w > 55 db R w, R w > 55 db L nw, L n,w < 53 db R w = 42 db Flanking transmission

12 Example: flanking transmission Suspended ceiling added Suspended ceiling improved R w in horisontal direction by 15 db. Electrical installations could be done in the ceiling plenum. R w = 57 db

13 Example: preserving old inverted beam (alalaatta) Alalaatta katkaistaan n. 400 mm x mineraalivilla Paroc SSB 1 50 mm Rakennekerrokset: - lautaparketti - joustava alusmateriaali Tuplex - tasoite - paikalla valettu kantava betonilaatta 200 mm - kevytsora vanha alalaattapalkisto, alalaatan paksuus mm, palkkiväli n mm - vanha rappaus Vanha rappaus poistetaan väliseinän kohdalla Katkaistun laatan alle EPDMkumitiiviste 10 mm tai kova mineraalivilla 13 mm Tiivistys elastisella kitillä ja mineraalivillalla

paikalla valettu kantava betonilaatta 200 mm - kevytsora vanha alalaattapalkisto, alalaatan paksuus 60-80 mm, palkkiväli n.

14 Examples of lightweight wall claddings Use of lightweight claddings: Improve structures with poor sound insulation Decrease flanking transmission between spaces Usually all lightweight masonry structures need to be cladded (or truncated) when they extend continuously from room to room The amount of plates and thickness and filling of the airspace depends on the needed level of improvement

structures need to be cladded (or truncated) when they extend continuously from room to room The

15 Improving effect of wall claddings R w = 35 db R w = 55 db Ilmaääneneristävyys R [db] Keskitaajuus [Hz] Kevytbetoni 100 mm Kevytbetoni 100 mm, ilmaväli ja villa 100 mm, 2 x kipsilevy EK 13 mm

500 1000 2000 4000 Keskitaajuus [Hz] Kevytbetoni 100 mm

16 Other flanking paths VS US Rappaukseen sahataan ura Tiivistys elastisella kitillä Tasausbetoni katkaistaan, jos se on irronnut ontelolaatastosta

17 Impact sound insulation of stairs Starting point: Stairs and levels rigidly fixed to building frame L n,w typically about 70 db Solution 1: Add flexible floor covering to stairs, storey and intermediate landings Floating floor construction may be used on the landings Solution 2: Suspended ceiling and floating floor in apartments Cladding on the wall facing the stairway

stairs, storey and intermediate landings Floating floor construction may be used on the

18 Bathrooms etc. Vanha rakenne Uusi rakenne Betonilaatan tulee olla irti vanhoista puurakenteista ja asuinhuoneiden uusista pintarakenteista Märkätila Uusi rakenne Tiivistys elastisella kitillä Märkätila

19 HVAC noise control Principles HVAC design in changes of use doen not differ from new construction Thick and rigid concrete slab (> 200 mm) to HVAC machinery room Silencers to ducts going from apartment to apartment Water and heating systems are designed as in new construction Sewer system can only be implemented as so-called irtisystem (a system where the pipes are vibration isolated from the building frame, more on this in lecture 5...)

Water and heating systems are designed as in new construction Sewer system can only be implemented as

20 HVAC noise control Floor of ventilation machinery room Ilmanvaihtokonehuone Uusi rakenne Uusi rakenne Vanha rakenne Asuinhuoneisto No floating floor to ventilation machinery room!

21 HVAC noise control Flanking via ventilation duct

22 HVAC noise control Example of flanking via ventilation duct No silencer: R`w = 47 db Ilmaääneneristävyys Duct opening taped: R`w = 59 db Ilmaääneneristävyys Ilmaääneneristävyys R [db] Ilmaäänenneristävyys R [db] Mittaus Vertailukäyrä 10 Mittaus Vertailukäyrä Taajuus f [Hz] Taajuus f [Hz]

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