Historiallinen sosiolingvistiikka ja kirjetutkimus englantilaisessa filologiassa

Transkriptio

1 Historiallinen sosiolingvistiikka ja kirjetutkimus englantilaisessa filologiassa Anni Sairio Nykykielten laitos Helsingin yliopisto

2 Elizabeth Montagu, née Robinson ( ) Bluestocking, filantrooppi, taiteiden tukija, liikenainen a thin velvet glove over a steel hand Essay on the Writings and Genius of Shakespear (1769) kirjeitä n. 7000

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4 Centre of Excellence for the Study of Variation and Change in English ( ) Sosiolingvistiikka kielihistoriassa (VARIENG, ) Corpus of Early English Correspondence (c ) Bluestocking Corpus Kieli ja identiteetti: vuorovaikutustyylien vaihtelu ja muutos englannin kielen historiassa (HY, ) Centre of Excellence for the Study of Variation, Contacts and Change in English ( ) Codifiers and the English Language (Prof. Ingrid TiekenBoon van Ostade), Leidenin yliopisto PhD Language and Letters of the Bluestocking Network: Sociolinguistic Issues in 18th-century Epistolary English Tutkijatohtori projektissa Sociolinguistics of the History of English (Terttu Nevalainen), Suomen Akatemia ( )

5 Historiallinen sosiolingvistiikka Kieli vaihtelee käyttäjän ja käyttötilanteen mukaan Sosiaaliset ja demografiset muuttujat kielen vaihtelussa ja muutoksessa Sukupuoli, ikä, sosiaalinen asema, maantieteellinen tausta Vaihtelun sosiaalinen merkitys Aineiston haasteet

6 Kirjetutkimus

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8 Bluestocking Corpus n. 200,000 sanaa ( 1790s) c. 80% kirjeistä Elizabeth Montagun kirjoittamia Henry E. Huntington Library, British Library, Houghton Library; Eger (ed. 1999)

9 Esimerkki korpustekstistä I had a great Deal of Conversation with [the?] [XXX] [Speaker?] you know which pleased me much to find their Regard <2> to the memory of a person (I tenderly loved) Just as I Cou d wish it. & said with Tears in their Eyes the World was very Unjust to that Person for they had great merit & had [great?] Noble & good Sentiments but they were unfortunate, this gave me great Satisfaction, to [XXX] find so much Justice Done em By one who knew em so well. [the Duchess of Portland to EM, August , MS Hyde 7 (8), 1741]

10 Mikrotason verkosto- ja kirjetutkimusta ; 1790-luvulle Suhtautuminen uusiin kielenpiirteisiin Oikeinkirjoituksen variaatio Reaktiot kielioppibuumiin 1760-luvulta alkaen

11 Kielenpiirteen stigmatisoituminen: preposition stranding This is the sort of bloody nonsense up with which I will not put. prepositio erotetaan pääsanastaan My Brother Morris & his family are going to Sandleford, which I am very glad of, for I think it is a Good air for ye sweet little man. vs. pied piping how miserable must I be after having left your Grace, & those agreeable friends by which you are always surrounded

12 Your father I m even more dedicated to. Who are they doing it for? What a magnificent table the vase was standing on! He s the one who I bought it from. He s the one [that] I bought it from. Kim went to the same school as I went to. His performance was easy to find fault with. The bed looks as if it has been slept in.

13 Preposition stranding kahdessa ympäristössä: obligatory wh-relative /10, /10,000

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15 Oikeinkirjoitusvariaatiota: -ed: nouseva standardi, hallitseva 1700-luvun lopussa the House aired - d: perinteinen kirjanpainajien valinta, poistuu muodista has call d forth -d: epämuodollinen, kieliopit eivät kommentoi Which is so alterd

16 Menneen ajan verbit ja partisiippimuodot

17 Vaihtelu ja sen sosiaalinen merkitys d yleisempi Montagun kirjeissä miehille (p<0.01) perinteinen kirjanpainajien tyyli d yleisempi kirjeissä naisille (p<0.001) epämuodollinen tyyli, läheisen suhteen signaali vastaanottajan sosiaalinen status trendit taloudellinen kirjoitustyyli?

18 Lopuksi: I had a great Deal of Conversation with [the?] [XXX] [Speaker?] you know which pleased me much to find their Regard <2> to the memory of a person (I tenderly loved) Just as I Cou d wish it. & said with Tears in their Eyes the World was very Unjust to that Person for they had great merit & had [great?] Noble & good Sentiments but they were unfortunate, this gave me great Satisfaction, to [XXX] find so much Justice Done em By one who knew em so well. ([August , MS Hyde 7 (8), 1741)

19 I am [ADDED &c &c] yr most faithful[l?] and affecte EMontagu

20 I shou'd have answered Dear Fidgets Letter before I left London but you are sensible what a Hurry one lives in there & particularly after being confined some months that is I mean from Publick Diversions How much one is Ingaged in them Operas Park assemblies Vaux Hall which I believe you never had the Pleasure of seeing. You must get your Papa to stay next year It is really Insufferable going out of Town at the most Pleasant time of the year & I am possitive the Easterly Winds have much greater Effect upon the Spirits in the Country then it is possible they should have in London for I Dare say the Chief part of the time your Papa is in Town he Don't know which way the Wind is

21 Kiitos!

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