Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry European Commission EU:n yritys- elinkeinopolitiikan tilastotarpeita Heikki Salmi Helsinki 19.4.2007
Yritysten ja yrityspolitiikan haasteita Euroopassa Vanheneva väestö Globalisaatio kilpailukyky Ilmaston muutos vihertyvä teollisuus Energia- hinta, saatavuus, päästöt Ympäristöhaasteet kuluttajavaatimukset Sisämarkkinat vielä puutteita Social Europe EU:n laajentuminen mahdollisuudet Taloudellinen nationalismi Byrokratia parempaa lainsäädäntöä 2
Challenges for Entrepreneurship in Europe - Europeans show an adversity towards entrepreneurial risk - Reluctance to take over a business - Stigma of failure - Insufficient entrepreneurial education - Rapid entrepreneurial growth is relatively rare in Europe - Venture capital is not a major source to finance growth in Europe 3
Ydinkysymyksiä Miten säilyttää ja parantaa kilpailukykyä globaalisti Miten luoda kasvua ja lisätä työpaikkoja 4
EU-politiikan painopisteitä Uusi Lissabonin prosessi - EU-tason uudistusohjelmat - Kansalliset uudistusohjelmat - Makro tason toimintalinjat - Mikro tason toimintalinjat - Työllisyyden toimintalinjat 5
EU:n yrityspolitiikan painopisteitä Sisämarkkinat lainsäädäntö, edistäminen Moderni teollisuuspolitiikka horisontaalinen ja sektori näkökulma Parempaa lainsäädäntöä hallinnollisten kustannusten alentaminen Yrittäjyyden ja PK yritystoiminnan edistäminen Innovaatioiden edistäminen Uudet politiikat: avaruus, puolustusteollisuus, turvallisuus 6
For what are the facts needed? Competitiveness analysis and reports Sectoral analysis For policy relevant indicators Basis for legislation proposals Basis for other policy initiatives Monitoring of the policy results Impact assessments (economic, environmental, social) Speeches 7
Information sources Own analysis and studies Eurostat, OECD, WB, IMF Research institutes Private and public databases, KLEMS Consultants, experts Ad hoc surveys, Eurobarometer 8
Some Key data Macroeconomic indicators, employment SBS, sectoral data Short term indicators Structural indicators Prodcom Demography of enterprises Innovation R&D Environment statistics Productivity Information society 9
Deficiencies and problems Timeliness Time series. Stocks and flows Coverage - EU 27 and still mostly by country Rest of the world, USA, China, India, Japan, Brasil.Competitors of Europe comparable data Consistency of different statistics Too many missing data Confidentiality of statistical data Data bases more user friendly Access to individual data 10
New and Emerging needs More data by industrial sector More data by regions Productivity Skills of labor force Services Investments Globalization- global sourcing delocalisation IPR, Energy-environment-competitiveness links, Stocks and flows: employment, enterprises Competitiveness indicators in the global market 11
Huge challenge How to increase availability of data and better service without increasing data burden (administrative costs) of enterprises and public bodies? Re-engineering 12
Population ageing: growth to rely on productivity 5.0 EU-15 5.0 EU-10 4.0 3.0 2.0 2.2 Employment growth GDP growth 1.8 1.3 4.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 4.5 3.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.0 Productivity growth 0.0 0.0 0.0-1.0 2004-2010 2011-2030 2031-2050 -1.0-1.0 2004-2010 2011-2030 2031-2050 -1.0 Source: 2006 EPC/Commission report on ageing. 13
2006Q3 GDP growth since 1997 5 Lisbon summit 4 average growth rate projected at Lisbon 3 % 2 1 0 Note: growth of real GDP in EU-25 compared to corresponding quarter of the previous year. Source: Eurostat. 14 2006Q1 1997Q1 1997Q3 1998Q1 1998Q3 1999Q1 1999Q3 2000Q1 2000Q3 2001Q1 2001Q3 2002Q1 2002Q3 2003Q1 2003Q3 2004Q1 2004Q3 2005Q1 2005Q3
Disappointing Standards of Living and Productivity Trends in the EU GDP per capita and Labour productivity EU-25 percentage of US 78% 76% 74% 72% 70% 68% 66% 64% 62% 60% 58% 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 GDP per capita Labour productivity Source: AMECO 15
Most attractive business locations 60% 52% 50% % of investors (3 choices allowed) 40% 30% 20% 10% 39% 18% 17% 17% 13% 10% 8% 7% 6% 0% China USA India Poland Germany UK Czech Rep. France Russia Hungary 16 Source: Ernst & Young 2005.
Research spending below competitors 3.5 Industry Government Other 3.0 R&D expenditure in 2001, % of GDP 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 EU-25 EU-15 United States Japan Source: Eurostat, Structural Indicators. For EU-25, no data available by source of funds. 17
R&D targets 4.5 R&D Intensity [Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as % of GDP] Situation 2005 (GR 2003; BE, IT, MT, NL, SI, UK: 2004) Target 2010 (MT 2007, PL 2008, IE 2013, UK 2014) (*) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 BE CZ DK DE EE GR ES FR IE IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT SI SK FI SE UK EU- 25 (*) IE as % of GNP - EU-25: DG RTD est. Source: Eurostat, Structural Indicators, Innovation & Research - OECD / NRP's of the Member States 18
EIS 2005 Sectoral analysis Ranking of average innovation performance by sector DL Electrical and optical equipment ICT Information and communication technologies K72 Computer services and related activities DG24 Chemicals and chemical products DM34 Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers K Renting and business activities DM Transport equipment DL31 Electrical machinery and apparatus n.e.c. DK29 Machinery and equipment n.e.c. DH25 Rubber and plastic products D Manufacturing DJ27 Basic metals Total industry (excluding construction) Total DI26 Other non-metallic mineral products DE Paper and paper products; publishing and printing Business services DJ28 Fabricated metal products, exc. machinery and eq. DA Food products; beverages and tobacco J Financial intermediation DD20 Wood and products of wood, exc. furniture G51 Wholesale trade and commission trade E Electricity, gas and water supply DB Textiles and textile products I Transport, storage and communication C Mining and quarrying 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.29 0.29 Sectoral Scoreboard Statistical analysis Sectoral Watch Statistical & Policy analysis 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 Source : European Commission / DG ENTR D1 19
80 70 Minority of Europeans favour entrepreneurship as a career choice EU-15 US % prefer self-employment 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: European Commission, Eurobarometer (various issues). 20
EU Innovation Performance 0.80 0.70 0.60 SE DK US CH DE FI JP Leading Losing ground 2005 Summary Innovation Index 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 IE UK EE AT BE NL FR LU NO IT PT ES CY PL CZ LT BG MT LV SK RO EL SI IS HU Average Catching up 0.10 TR 0.00-5.0-4.0-3.0-2.0-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Dotted lines show EU25 mean performance. Average growth rate of SII Source : European Commission / DG ENTR D1 21
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Productivity levels by Member State Note: Labour productivity defined as GDP per employed person. Data source: European Commission (AMECO). 22 Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom EU-25 US Austria Belgium EU=100
The Regulatory Environment in the context of the strategy for Growth and Jobs: findings from empirical research an example Cumulative GDP effects by 2025 of a 25% reduction in administrative costs (DG ENTR and CPB, 2006) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Percentage of GDP EU Germany France United Kingdom Italy Spain The Netherlands 0 Belgium and Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Ireland Austria Greece Portugal Poland Czech Republic Hungary Slovakia Slovenia Rest EU 23
Sectors in EU-25 with weakest Revealed Comparative Advantage in 2004 RCA index 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 Wood and products of wood and cork Textiles Wearing apparel; dressing; dyeing of fur Radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus Office machinery and computers 24
Sectors in EU-25 with strongest Revealed Comparative Advantage in 2004 RCA index 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 Machinery and equipment n.e.c. Publishing, printing, reproduction of recorded media Chemicals and chemical products Other non-metallic mineral products Other transport equipment 25
Lopuksi Toimi proaktiivisesti tilastojen kehittäjänä Mittaa tilastouudistusten yrityksille aiheutuvat kustannukset Komission on alettava käyttää suoraan myös kehittyneiden tilastomaiden dataa politiikan pohjaksi. ESS on liian hidas ja puutteellinen 26