Aiheita. Fonee+sta syntaksia. Prologi: "ArMkulatorinen kaaos" Alojen ja rajojen fonemikkaa

Transkriptio

1 Aiheita Fonee+sta syntaksia FT, dos. Tommi Jantunen SVKS112 Vii;omakielten syntaksin tutkimus (5 op) Aineisto ja vii;omakieliteknologiset menetelmät Vii;oma revised ja tämän seuraukset lausekkeelle ja lauseelle? Alojen ja rajojen fone+ikkaa Syntak+sten yksiköiden rytmiikasta Prologi: "ArMkulatorinen kaaos" Alojen ja rajojen fonemikkaa (ja havaintoja syntakmsten yksiköiden rytmiikasta)

2 Prologi: KorrelaaMoita (loc. norm) ranne- pää 0, heikko ranne- torso 0, vahva pää- torso 0, hyvin vahva Prologi: Yleispäätelmiä Käsi liikkuu eri tavalla verra;una päähän ja kehoon Käden liikkeillä on eri funkmo kuin pään ja kehon liikkeillä Pään ja kehon liikkeet toimivat usein alojen ja rajojen merkitsijöinä Pään ja kehon liikkeet ilmentävät prosodiaa? Prologi: Pään liike Prologi: Kehon liike

3 Prologi: Kehon liike 2 Wilbur (2000) NonlinguisMc vs. linguis+c nonmanuals Lower face (e.g. mouth, cheeks) and upper face (blinks, eyebrows, eyegaze), head (head Mlt, head nod, headshake, head thrust), and shoulders (body leans, body shi^ing) Edge marking vs. domain marking Blinks (Wilbur 2000) Head nods (Wilbur 2000) Human ocular system Startle reflex blinks Involuntary periodic blinks Voluntary blinks ASL Startle reflex blinks not used linguismcally Involuntary periodic blinks and voluntary blinks are used for linguismc purposes Periodic blinks used for linguismc purposes are referred to as inhibited periodic blinks; they mark the right edge of IPs in ASL Longer voluntary blinks occur with lexical signs and perform semanmc and/or prosodic funcmon of emphasis, assermon, or stress. Perform a variety of funcmons in ASL When cooccurring with a sign, may mark emphasis, assermon, and/or existence Mark the syntacmc locamon of a missing verb and focus May also mark (counterfactual) condimonals and "hedging" Mostly a domain marker (e.g. above) Edge marking: last signs of phrases tend to occur with head nods (cf. periodic eye blinks) Head thrusts?

4 Domain marking (Wilbur 2000) Pfau & Quer (2010) Brows; three linguismcally significant brow posimons: Raised (several different funcmons, e.g. topic marking, relamve clause marking etc.) Lowered (e.g. wh- quesmons; covers the wh- word, phrase, or the whole quesmon) Neutral (assermons) Eyegaze and head Mlt Agreement; span the syntacmc (c- command) domain NegaMve headshake Begin and end abruptly with the syntacmc consmtuent (within msec.) Body leans; e.g.: Forward lean used in quesmons Le^ and right leans used for narramve purposes (e.g. for the purpose of indicamng signer idenmty) Prosodic emphasis SemanMc inclusion/exclusion Body shi^s Part of the ASL pronoun system (POV) Nose (e.g. an affecmve marker; signer's a+tude) AffecMve vs. linguis+c nonmanuals Gramma+cal nonmanuals (What is the role of nonmanuals on different linguismc levels?) Prosodic nonmanuals (How nonmanuals are used for edge and domain marking?) SyntacMc (i.e. grammamcal) nonmanuals may funcmon as prosodic domain markers GrammaMcal funcmons of nonmanuals (Pfau & Quer 2010) Phonological nonmanuals Head and body movements Facial expressions Mouth gestures and mouthings Morphological nonmanuals Nonmanual adjecmves Nonmanual adverbials SyntacMc nonmanuals NegaMon and affirmamon InterrogaMves Topics CondiMonals RelaMve clauses Agreement PronominalizaMon PragmaMcs Focus: body leans Role shi^ Prosodic funcmons of nonmanuals (Pfau & Quer 2010) Domain markers Prosodic words: mouthings IntonaMonal phrases: brows, eyes, mouth, head, torso Edge markers Punctual in nature, no spreading E.g. head thrusts (occur on the last sign of a prosodic domain; cf. Wilbur's nods?) and (periodic) blinks (follow the last sign of a prosodic domain)

5 FinSL (Jantunen 2007) Mouthings and mouth gestures Blinks Occurred at phrase and sentence boundaries Eye gaze Preceded poinmng signs; longer duramon with locamve poinmngs Movements and postures of eyes and eye brows DisMncMve marking of sentence inimal NP in equamve structures Movements and postures of the head Head tended to Mlt during locamve poinmngs and at the end of sentences Changes in head postures occurred at NP boundaries Movements and postures of the body Occurred during locamve indices confirming to the poinmng Changes in body postures occurred at phrase and sentence boundaries Suvi 517/3 Movements and postures of head and body

6 InvesMgate! Head nods and/or thrusts at phrase, clause, and sentence boundaries The distribumon and funcmon of body leans Pohdi;avaksi: Hodgen, Ferreran ja Johnstonin (2011) tutkimus lausemaisten yksiköiden ja prosodian suhteesta Horisontaaliset ja vermkaaliset päänliikkeet SVK:ssa KohM rytmiä (Puupponen 2012)

7 Dialogue (mocap) - T's head x autocorrelamon Dialogue (mocap) - T's head x autocorrelamon, final turn Lausetyyppien rytmistä Kirjallisuus Kaksi peräkkäistä transi+ivilausena Säännöllinen laajataajuuksinen rytmi Topiikki- kommenp - rakenne Epäsäännöllinen rytmi (katkos rytmissä) Autokorrelaa+ofunk+on kuvaaja pään sivunaissuun- taisesta liikkeestä kolmessa lausetyypissä (liiketunnistusdata 1) Kielteinen luonneh+va lause Säännöllinen Mheätaajuuksinen rytmi Hodge, G., Ferrera, L. & Johnston, T. (2011). Using prosody and grammar to describe natural discourse in Auslan. Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Conference of the German LinguisMc Society (DGfS) Georg August University, Gö+ngen, February, 2011 Jantunen, T. (2007). The equamve sentence in FinSL. Sign Language & Linguis;cs 10, Pfau, R. & Quer, J. (2010). Nonmanuals: their grammamcal and prosodic roles. In Brentari, D. (Ed.), Sign languages: a Cambridge language survey, Cambridge: CUP. Puupponen, A. (2012). Horisontaaliset ja vermkaaliset päänliikkeet suomalaisessa vii;omakielessä. Suomalaisen vii;omakielen pro gradu - tutkielma. Kielten laitos, Jyväskylän yliopisto. Suvi = Suomalaisen vii;omakielen verkkosanakirja (2003). Kuurojen Lii;o ry: Helsinki. Wilbur, R. (2000). Phonological and prosodic layering of nonmanuals in ASL. In Emmorey, K. & Lane, H. (Eds.), The signs of language revisited. An anthology to honor Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima, Mahwah, New Jersey: LEA. 89 7