OPTIMUM - Tutkittuja suunnitteluohjeita turvallisempaan multitaskaukseen ajoneuvoissa

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1 OPTIMUM - Tutkittuja suunnitteluohjeita turvallisempaan multitaskaukseen ajoneuvoissa Tuomo Kujala Jyväskylän yliopisto tuomo.kujala@jyu.fi

2 OPTImal Multitasking with Ubiquitous Media (with In-Car Infotainment) Miksi? Tavoitteena tuottaa parempia työkaluja, menetelmiä ja malleja autojen infotainment-järjestelmien distraction-vaikutusten minimoimiseksi. Fitch et al. (2013). The Impact of Hand-Held And Hands-Free Cell Phone Use on Driving Performance and Safety-Critical Event Risk. (DOT HS ). USA: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

3 OPTImal Multitasking with Ubiquitous Media (with In-Car Infotainment) Kokeellinen tutkimus Ajosimulaattorit Silmänliikemittaus Suorituskyky, katseiden pituudet, kognitiivinen kuormitus! Kognitiivinen mallintaminen ACT-R*! *Anderson et al. (2004). An integrated theory of the mind. Psychological Review 111,(4)

4 OPTImal Multitasking with Ubiquitous Media (with In-Car Infotainment) 11 simulaattorikoetta : 1. In-car music player: Effects of album artwork on driver distraction (N=24) 2. Voice UI experiments (N=24, 3 days, 72 experiments) 3. Visual occlusion study (N=12) 4. Nokia Car Mode UIs Benchmarking study (N=24) 5. AAM (2006) and NHTSA (2010) -testing for Car Mode UI (N=24) 6. In-car keyboard study (N=10) 7. Nokia Drive Auto study (a HU navigation system, N=12) 8. Grid/List-6/9/12 item study (N=12) 9. Nokia Drive Auto study (part 2, N=16) 10. Grid/List-6/9/12 item study (part 2, N=12) 11. Here Auto NHTSA testing and occlusion study (N=24)

5 OPTImal Multitasking with Ubiquitous Media (with In-Car Infotainment) Mitä? Useita konkreettisia testaus- ja suunnitteluohjeita visuaalismanuaalisten sekä auditiivisten kuljettajan käyttöliittymien distraction-vaikutusten minimoimiseksi Percentage of over-2.0-second in-vehicle glances Lasch & Kujala (2012)

6 Lista vai matriisi? Tehtävä: etsi kappale Karma moves Kujala & Saariluoma, 2011

7 OPTImal Multitasking with Ubiquitous Media (with In-Car Infotainment) Mitä? Kognitiivinen malli, joka selittää kuljettajan visuaalista käyttäytymistä tiedon haussa in-car-näytöiltä ajamisen aikana è yleinen suunnitteluohje: Try to minimize the durations of all the single visual encoding steps required for the in-car task.

8 ACT-R-malli ratin takana

9 Ennuste vs. empiirinen data grid6 grid9 grid12 list6 list9 list12 Number of in-car glances (10 pages) R2 =.828 RMSSD = data model grid6 grid9 grid12 list6 list9 list12 Total in-car glance time (10 pages) R2 =.853 RMSSD = data model

10 OPTImal Multitasking with Ubiquitous Media (with In-Car Infotainment) Kenelle? Ajoneuvojen infotainment-järjestelmien ja palvelujen tuottajat (käyttöliittymäsuunnittelu ja -testaus) Luonnos: In-vehicle infotainment system testing procedure and verification criteria esitelty Car Connectivity Consortiumille (mukana yli 70% autonvalmistajista ja matkapuhelinvalmistajista)

11 NHTSA testaussuositukset (2013) 80 km/h suora 2-kaistainen moottoritie, etäisyys edellä ajavaan 70 m 21/24 koehenkilölle: 1. yli 2 s in-car-katseita max 15% 2. in-car-katseiden pituuksien keskiarvo max 2 s 3. in-car-katseiden kokonaiskesto max 12 s Lokakuu 2013: NHTSA-skenaarion ja mittareiden testaus visuaalisen okkluusion* avulla *Senders, J.W., Kristofferson, A.B., Levison, W.H., Dietrich, C.W., and Ward, J.L. (1967). The Attentional Demand of Automobile Driving, Highway Research Record # 195, Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, Transportation Research Board,

12 OPTImal Multitasking with Ubiquitous Media (with In-Car Infotainment) Kumppanit: Nokia Gate5 GmbH, Cassidian Finland Mark Foligno, UX Manager, Connected Car UX, Nokia (Here): The OPTIMUM project has been an invaluable resource for developing our knowledge and understanding of driver distraction and its application to the development of our design experiences for the car context. Furthermore, the simulator testing of our in-car concepts has proved hugely illuminating when seeking to improve the respective experiences, and helped us to better understand the contrast between a car and mobile UX.

13 Julkaisut: Projektin julkaisut (lokakuu 2013) 1. Kujala, T., Silvennoinen, J. & Lasch, A. (in press). Visual-manual in-car tasks decomposed - Text input and kinetic scrolling as main sources of visual distraction. Accepted to Automotive UI 13 (Eindhoven, October 27-30, 2013) 2. Lasch, A. & Kujala, T. (2013). Can you ignore it? Effects of album artwork on driver distraction. In the proceedings of International Conference on Driver Distraction and Inattention 2013 (Gothenburg, September 4-6, 2013) 3. Shahzad, F. (2012). A Study on the Utility, Reliability and Validity of the Visual Occlusion Technique in the Evaluation of In-vehicle User Interfaces. Master s Thesis, Dept. of CS and IS, University of Jyväskylä. 65 pages. 4. Kujala, T. (2012). Comparing visual and subjective measures of cognitive workload. In Adjunct Proceedings of Automotive UI 12 (Cognitive Workload Workshop, Portsmouth, NH, ). 5. Lasch, A. & Kujala, T. (2012). Designing browsing for in-car music player - Effects of touch screen scrolling techniques, items per page and screen orientation on driver distraction. Proceedings of Automotive UI 12 (Portsmouth, NH, ) Kujala, T. (2012). Browsing the information highway while driving: Three in-vehicle touch screen scrolling methods and driver distraction. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 17(5), Lasch, Annegret (2011). In-car Music Player: Effects of Touch Screen Scrolling Techniques and Album Artwork on Driver Distraction. Master s Thesis, Fakultät Verkehrs-und Maschinensysteme Fachrichtung Human Factors, Technische Universität Berlin. Työn alla: Silvennoinen, J. & Kujala, T. (submitted). Icon design for in-car navigation systems user interface. Submitted to CHI 14. Kujala, T. & Salvucci, D. (in prep., ACT-R study). To be submitted to the special issue of International Journal of Human-Computer Studies: Understanding Multitasking and Interruptions.

14 Tulosten levittäminen - Esityksiä Kujala, T. Visual-manual in-car tasks decomposed - Text input and kinetic scrolling as main sources of visual distraction. Automotive UI 13 (Eindhoven, October 27, 2013) Kujala, T. Can you ignore it? Effects of album artwork on driver distraction. International Conference on Driver Distraction and Inattention 2013 (Gothenburg, September 5, 2013) Kujala, T. Inhibition of return prevails in in car visual search when interrupted by driving. International Conference on Driver Distraction and Inattention 2013 (Gothenburg, September 4, 2013) Kujala, T. Driver distraction and How to minimize it by in-car user interface design. Internal presentation for Nokia Gate5 GmbH (Berlin, March 1, 2013) Kujala, T. Designing browsing for in-car music player - Effects of touch screen scrolling techniques, items per page and screen orientation on driver distraction. Automotive UI 12 (Portsmouth, NH, October 17, 2012) Kujala, T. Comparing visual and subjective measures of cognitive workload. Cognitive Workload Workshop at Automotive UI 12 (Portsmouth, NH, October 16, 2012)

15 Kiitokset TEKES Dario Salvucci, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA Annegret Lasch, Nokia Gate5 Gmbh, Berliini Mark Foligno, Nokia Gate5 Gmbh, Berliini Antti Eskelinen, Cassidian Finland, Jyväskylä Ilkka Kotilainen, Juha Hämäläinen, Johanna Silvennoinen, Nella Moisseinen, Faisal Shahzad, Maija Kaibijainen, Laura Liefveldt, Janne Vekkeli, Jyväskylän yliopisto Eero Pajarre, Eepsoft Oy, Tampere

16 Kiitos tarkkaavaisuudesta! J tuomo.kujala@jyu.fi