Avoin Innovaatio ja IP

Transkriptio

1 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD Avoin Innovaatio ja IP 6Aika Innovaatioalustat IPR Workshop, Jaakko Paasi Sisältö Johdanto Avoin innovaatio ja IP miksi? Avoimen innovaation IP haasteet Avoimuus avoimessa innovaatiossa Yhteenveto ja keskustelua 2 1

2 Johdanto: Matka Industry 1.0:sta 4.0:aan Industry 1.0 Industry 2.0 Industry 3.0 Industry 4.0 Teollisuuden ensiaskeleet Massatuotanto Digitaalisuuden nousu luvut Yksilöiden osaaminen (knowhow) Osaamisen hallinta/suojaamin en patentein Monimuotoisuus osaamisen hallinnassa kasvaa Smart manufacturing/ Cyper-physical systems Kompleksinen avoimuuden ja osaamisen hallinta 3 Johdanto Osaamisen ja IP:n suojaamisen ei tule koskaan olla pääfokuksessa Pääasian tulee aina olla, miten osaaminen ja IP muutetaan kannattavaksi liiketoiminnaksi? 4 2

3 Johdanto Esitettävien tulosten taustalla on laaja v tehty haastattelututkimus, jonka tulokset on raportoitu julkaisuissa: Paasi, Valkokari, Rantala, Nystén-Haarala, Lee, Huhtilainen: Bazaar of opportunities for new business development, Series on Technology Management Vol. 20, Imperial College Press (2013) Paasi, Valkokari, Hytönen, Huhtilainen, Nystén-Haarala, Workbook for opening innovation, Series on Technology Management Vol. 21, Imperial College Press (2013) Paasi, Valkokari, Rantala, Openness in developing interorganizational innovation, Prometheus (2013) Tuloksia on tutkimuksen jälkeen jonkin verran vielä päivitetty/laajennettu Paasi, Lappalainen, Rantala, Pikkarainen, Challenges of product and service providers in open innovation with customers in business-to-business markets, International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 18, No. 2 (2014) 5 DUNAGRO 8/11/

4 Avoin innovaatio ja IP miksi? 7 Collaboration, open innovation and IP: Why? Present knowledge of firm? Planned offering of firm Modified from: Chesbrough, H. (2006). Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation Landscape. 8 4

5 Collaboration, open innovation and IP: Why? Present knowledge of firm Gap? Planned offering of firm Fill the gap by In-house R&D Transaction of existing knowledge from another actor Co-creation of new knowledge with external actors 9 Another approach for co-creation: Why? Present knowledge of firm A Present knowledge of firm B New offering? A+B A+B 10 5

6 Collaboration, open innovation and IP: Why? Present knowledge of firm Required new knowledge? Planned offering of firm, own commercialization 11 Collaboration, open innovation and IP: Why? Present knowledge of firm Required new knowledge Unused? knowledge? Planned offering of firm, own commercialization Unused knowledge Keep it in-house (but does it create profit?) Knowledge (IP) transaction to another actor (and making of profit through it) Sharing of knowledge & co-creation of new business with another actor 12 6

7 What is open innovation? Open innovation > R&D Open innovation = R&D + business model Innovation can take place in R&D, business model or in both miten osaaminen ja IP muutetaan kannattavaksi liiketoiminnaksi? 13 Avoimen innovaation IP haasteet 14 7

8 IP Challenges in Open Innovation The forms of innovation relationships are variable Actors can be known or unknown Collaboration can be formal or informal There are different levels of openness in collaboration Open Innovation contradicts the principles of IP legislation in two ways Multiple actors with different interests as sources of innovation Openness as a behavioural norm IP management must be aligned with the used business model 15 Knowledge and IP Management in Open Innovation Because of the challenges of open innovation related to formal IPR, contractual methods are the most important ones in the protection of knowledge in open innovation Also informal methods of knowledge protection are actively used (in addition to traditional formal methods of IP protection) According to the IPOB interview study, Top 5 methods of knowledge management in open innovation are: Formal protection methods Contractual / Semi-formal protection methods Informal protection methods Patent Trademark Confidentiality Secrecy Publishing 16 8

9 Contracting in Open Innovation Contracting is not straightforward in open innovation, because Forms of open innovation are variable There are forms where the aim is a transaction of (existing) knowledge / IP There are forms where the aim is a co-creation of new knowledge / IP Levels of openness in communication in these forms are variable The content of contract should support the chosen form of innovation One can sign a contract only with a known actor paying too much attention to details of contracts at the very beginning of joint work kills innovation 8/11/ Avoimuus avoimessa innovaatiossa 18 9

10 Avoimuus avoimessa innovaatiossa Avoin innovaatio ei ole on/off, vaan avoimuudella on erilaisia muotoja Optimaalinen osaamisen hallinta ja IP strategia ovat riippuvia yhteistyön muodoista ja avoimuudesta Sopiminen eri yhteistyön ja avoimuuden muodoissa on erilaista Avoimuudella eri yhteistyömuodoissa on kolme erilaista dimensiota: Mikä on avointa? Kenelle se on avointa? Kuinka avointa se on? 8/11/ What is open? The interviewed managers spoke, without an exception, about innovation works The actual innovation works included a large variation of activities Innovation works have input, process and outcome Different firms open and share different kinds of things to other actors of innovation: Core knowledge is not shared Restrictions to whom the innovation work is open how open the work is 20 10

11 What is open? Dimensions of openness in respect to what is open 21 To whom the innovation work is open? Several interviewed managers underlined the importance that the actors are known so that their intentions can be anticipated Open source works are examples which can include unknown actors (i.e. they are public) Companies make also a difference in innovation between actors in the vertical value chain of business (customers, suppliers) and horizontal actors (research actors, communities, noncompetitors,competitors) 22 11

12 To whom the innovation work is open? Dimensions of openness in respect to whom it is open 23 How open the innovation work is? Many interviewed managers pointed out a basic dilemma of openness in inter-organizational innovation: In one hand you should be open and share your knowledge, on the other hand you should keep the knowledge proprietary in order to run a successful business later on. Open innovation and IP contradict a bit In innovation works where the collaboration was restricted to transaction of existing knowledge, the openness was related only to the input of the work In works where the focus of collaboration was in the co-creation of new knowledge, the openness was a very complex issue Depending on the case, the level of openness of work could be characterized by attributes: readable, usable, or modifiable 24 12

13 How open the innovation work is? Dimensions of openness in respect to how open it is 8/11/ Levels of openness in open innovation Key characteristic of openness Input for innovation Innovation process Innovation outcome Closed Readable Usable Modifiable Public IP transaction only Acquired knowledge and IP by contractual transaction Closed development Proprietary own IP Open innovation within closed relationships or open networks Shared (readable) during the development Closed own development Proprietary own IP Open innovation within closed bi- or multilateral (network) relationships Freely utilized within the partners during the development work Codevelopment between some or all partners, partners have right to observe each other s development work Ownership and utilization of IP agreed between the partners Freely modifiable within partners or consortium Results of codevelopment work will be shared, partners take part to each other s development work Joint IP (ownership and rights to utilize) Open innovation within open networks Public (open, modifiable and exploitable by all) Participation open but typically controlled (may include unknown actors) Public Esimerkkejä T&K-alihankinta Kumppanuusmallit, yritysryhmähankkeet, useimmat Avoimen tutkimushankkeet joissa julkista rahoitusta lähdekoodin 8/11/2016 yhteisöt 26 Jaakko Paasi 13

14 Yrityksen rooli avoimessa innovaatiossa, innovoinnin avoimuus ja IP IP hallinnan ja yhteistyön avoimuuden kannalta on tärkeää, että yritys tiedostaa oman roolinsa avoimen innovaatiossa ja toimii johdonmukaisesti (sopimukset, IP:n omistajuus ja käyttöoikeus, jne.) Keskeiset roolit, joilla kullakin oma tulokulma ja omat haasteet IP-näkökulmasta: Customer-oriented provider Customer solution integrator Developer partner Facilitator of co-innovation 8/11/ Yhteenveto ja keskustelua 28 14

15 Yhteenveto The forms of open innovation relationships are variable Actors can be known or unknown Collaboration can be formal or informal There are different levels of openness in collaboration Open Innovation contradicts the principles of IP legislation in two ways Multiple actors with different interests as sources of innovation Openness as a behavioural norm IP management must be aligned with the business model => Special attention to contracting and business model design 29 Yhteystiedot Jaakko Paasi jaakko.paasi@vtt.fi puh

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