INSTITUTE OF DENTISTRY UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI FINLAND PUBLICATIONS with Abstracts. Edited by Hélène Javén HELSINKI

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1 INSTITUTE OF DENTISTRY UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI FINLAND PUBLICATIONS 2006 with Abstracts Edited by Hélène Javén HELSINKI ISSN Annual publications of the Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki Vol.12, 2006

2 To the reader The Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, has the pleasure of sending to you our Publications 2006 This publication, twelvth in a series, has 133 entries and includes 126 articles in English, Finnish or Swedish; summarized in English for your convenience. We hope that you will find the booklet useful. Should you want to make a request for any listed book or article, please contact the authors or our Library at the addresses below. The library also has current bibliographic database of the publications of Finnish dentists. Retrospective catalogues go back to 1890s. For more information about the Institute of Dentistry, please log in to our homepage at With kind regards Jarkko Hietanen Dean Institute of Dentistry P.O.Box 41 FIN University of Helsinki Finland Library services are also available by fax by phone , or by kirjasto@hammas.helsinki.fi 1

3 CONTENTS: BOOKS AND ARTICLES BOOKS: Åhberg Thomas The function of Bmps and Runx2 in normal tooth development and in the pathogenesis of cleidocranial dysplasia...13 Cederqvist Katariina Matrix proteinases in lung injury in the preterm infant...14 Ekholm Marja Evaluation of the biocompatibility of poly (ortho ester), copolymer of [epsilon]-caprolactone/d,l-lactide and the composite of copolymer of [epsilon]- caprolactone/d,l-lactide and tricalciumphosphate as bone filling material...15 Kiukkonen Anu Toxicity of dioxin to developing teeth and salivary glands : an experimental study...16 Mellanen Liisa The influence of HIV infection to the periodontium; a clinical, microbiological, and enzymological study...17 Mäntylä Päivi The scientific basis and development of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -8 specific chair-side test for monitoring of periodontal health and disease from gingival crevicular fluid...18 Pussinen Pirkko Multiserotype enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using microtiter cliniplate...19 ARTICLES IN ENGLISH Airila-Månsson Stella, Söder Birgitta, Kari Kirsti, Meurman Jukka H Influence of combinations of bacteria on the levels of pro-staglandin E2, interleukin-1beta, and granulocyte elastase in gingival crevicular fluid and on the severity of periodontal disease...20 Alaluusua Satu, Lukinmaa Pirjo-Liisa Developmental dental toxicity of dioxin and related compounds : a review...20 Ali Ahmed, Rautemaa Riina, Hietanen Jarkko, Järvensivu Anne, Richardson Malcolm, Konttinen Yrjö T. Expression of interleukin-8 and its receptor IL-8RA in chronic hyperplastic candidosis

4 Al-Sukhun Jehad, Helenius Miia, Lindqvist Christian, Kelleway John Biomechanics of the mandible part I : measurement of mandibular functional deformation using customfabricated displacement transducers...22 Al-Sukhun Jehad, Koivusalo Anu, Törnwall Jyrki, Lindqvist Christian COX-2 inhibitors and early failure of free vascular flaps...22 Al-Sukhun Jehad, Kontio Risto, Lindqvist Christian, Törnwall Jyrki Use of a prefabricated titanium plate for accurate reconstruction of secondary orbital blow-out fracture...23 Al-Sukhun Jehad, Lindqvist Christian A comparative study of 2 implants used to repair inferior orbital wall bony defects : autogenous bone graft versus bioresorbable poly- L/DL-lactide (P[L/DL]LA70/30) plate...23 Al-Sukhun Jehad, Lindqvist Christian, Hietanen Jarkko, Leivo Ilmo, Penttilä Heikki Central adenoid cystic carcinoma of the mandible : case report and literature review of 16 cases...24 Al-Sukhun Jehad, Törnwall Jyrki, Lindqvist Christian, Kontio Risto Bioresorbable poly- L/DL-lactide (P[L/DL]LA70/30) plates are reliable for repairing large inferior orbital wall bony defects : a pilot study...24 Al-Sukhun J, Lindqvist C, Kontio R. Modelling of orbital deformation using finiteelement analysis...25 Al-Sukhun Jehad, Lindqvist Christian, Kontio Risto Orbital stress analysis Part I : simulation of orbital deformation following blunt injury by finite element analysis method...25 Asikainen Antti, Noponen Jukka, Lindqvist Christian, Pelto Mika, Kellomäki Minna, Juuti Hanne, Pihlajamäki Harri, Suuronen Riitta Tyrosine-derived polycarbonate membrane in treating mandibular bone defects. An experimental study...26 Avellan N.- L., Kemppainen Pentti, Tervahartiala Taina, Vilppola P., Forster C., Sorsa Timo Capsaicin-induced local elevations in collagenase-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-8) levels in human gingival crevice fluid...26 Beklen Arzu, Tuẗer Gülay, Sorsa Timo, Hannemaaijer R., Virtanen Ismo, Tervahartiala Taina, Konttinen Yrjö T. Gingival tissue and crevicular fluid co-operation in adult periodontitis...27 Björklund Mikael, Aitio Olli, Stefanidakis Michael, Suojanen Juho, Salo Tuula, Sorsa Timo, Koivunen Erkki Stabilization of the activated alphambeta2 integrin by a small molecule inhibits leukocyte migration and recruitment

5 Carrilho M. R. O., Carvalho R. M., Goes M. F. de, Hipolito V. di, Geraldeli S., Tay F. R., Pashley D. H., Tjäderhane Leo Chlorhexidine Preserves Dentin Bond in vitro...28 Cederqvist Katariina, Janér Joakim, Tervahartiala Taina, Sorsa Timo, Haglund Caj, Salmenkivi Kaisa, Stenman Ulf-Håkan, Andersson Sture Up-regulation of trypsin and mesenchymal MMP-8 during development of hyperoxic lung injury in the rat...29 Cox S. W., Eley B. M., Kiili M., Asikainen Antti, Tervahartiala Taina, Sorsa Timo Collagen degradation by interleukin-1beta-stimulated gingival fibroblasts is accompanied by release and activation of multiple matrix metalloproteinases and cysteine proteinases...29 Ekholm Marja, Helander P., Hietanen Jarkko, Lindqvist Christian, Salo Antero, Kellomäki Minna, Suuronen Riitta A histological and immunohistochemical study of tissue reactions to solid poly(ortho ester) in rabbits...30 Ekholm Marja, Hietanen Jarkko, Tulamo Riitta-Mari, Muhonen Jarkko, Lindqvist Christian, Kellomäki Minna, Suuronen Riitta The copolymer of epsilon-caprolactonelactide and tricalcium phosphate does not enhance bone growth in mandibular defect of sheep...31 Emingil Gülnur, Kuula Heidi, Pirilä Emma, Atilla Gül, Sorsa Timo Gingival crevicular fluid laminin-5 gamma2-chain levels in periodontal disease...31 Emingil Gülnur, Kuula Heidi, Sorsa Timo, Atilla Gül Gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-25 and -26 levels in periodontal disease...32 Emingil Gülnur, Tervahartiala Taina, Mäntylä Päivi, Määttä Marko, Sorsa Timo, Atilla Gül Gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, extracellular MMP inducer, and tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 levels in periodontal disease...33 Eviö Sirpa, Tarkkila Laura, Sorsa Timo, Furuholm Jussi, Välimäki Matti J., Ylikorkala Olavi, Tiitinen Aila, Meurman Jukka H. Effects of alendronate and hormone replacement therapy, alone and in combination, on saliva, periodontal conditions and gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in women with osteoporosis...34 Furuholm Jussi, Sorsa Timo, Qvarnström M., Janket S.-J., Tervahartiala Taina, Nuutinen P., Meurman Jukka H. Salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 in patients with and without coronary heart disease may indicate an increased susceptibility to periodontal disease...34 Gerits A., Nieminen Pekka, Muynck S. de, Carels C. Exclusion of coding region mutations in MSX1, PAX9 and AXIN2 in eight patients with severe oligodontia phenotype

6 Haukioja A. Yli-Knuuttila H., Lomaranta V., Kari Kirsti, Ouwehand A. C., Meurman Jukka H., Tenovuo J Oral adhesion and survival of probiotic and other lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vitro...36 He X. Y., Meurman Jukka H., Kari Kirsti, Rautemaa Riina, Samaranayake L. P. In vitro adhesion of Candida species to denture base materials...36 Heikkilä Pia, Suojanen Juho, Pirilä Emma, Väänänen Anu, Koivunen Erkki, Sorsa Timo, Salo Tuula Human tongue carcinoma growth is inhibited by selective antigelatinolytic peptides...37 Helenius L. M. J., Tervahartiala Pekka, Helenius I., Al-Sukhun J., Kivisaari Leena, Suuronen Riitta, Kautiainen H., Hallikainen D., Lindqvist Christian, Leirisalo-Repo Marjatta Clinical, radiographic and MRI findings of the temporomandibular joint in patients with different rheumatic diseases...37 Hertzen Leena von, Laatikainen Tiina, Mäkelä Mika J., Jousilahti Pekka, Kosunen Timo, Petäys Tuula, Pussinen Pirkko, Haahtela Tari, Vartiainen Erkki Infectious burden as a determinant of atopy : a comparison between adults in Finnish and Russian Karelia...38 Holappa Heidi, Nieminen Pekka, Tolva Liisa, Lukinmaa Pirjo-Liisa, Alaluusua Satu Splicing site mutations in dentin sialophosphoprotein causing dentinogenesis imperfecta type II...39 Ílgenli T., Vardar-Sengul S., Gürkan A., Sorsa Timo, Stackelberg S., Köse T., Atilla G. Gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-13levels and molecular forms in various types of periodontal diseases...39 Janket Sok-Ja, Meurman Jukka H., Nuutinen Pekka, Qvarnström Markku, Nunn Martha E., Baird Alison E., Van Dyke Thomas E., Jones Judith A. Letter to the editor : Salivary lysozyme and prevalent coronary heart disease. Possible effects of oral health on endothelial dysfunction...40 Järvensivu Anne, Rautemaa Riina, Sorsa Timo, Richardson Malcolm Specificity of the monoclonal antibody 3H8 in the immunohistochemical identification of Candida species...40 Johansson Ann-Katrin, Meurman Jukka H. Etiologiska och individrelaterade faktorer vid dental erosion...41 Johansson Ann-Katrin, Meurman Jukka H. Prevention av dental erosion...41 Karhunen V., Forss H., Goebeler S., Huhtala H., Ilveskoski E., Kajander O., Mikkelsson J., Penttilä Antti, Perola Markus, Ranta Helena, Meurman Jukka H.,Karhunen Pekka Radiographic assessment of dental health in middle-aged men following sudden cardiac death

7 Khami Mohammed R., Virtanen Jorma, Jafarian Mohammed, Murtomaa Heikki Oral health behaviour of Iranian dental school educators...42 Kiukkonen Anu, Sahlberg Carin, Lukinmaa Pirjo-Liisa, Alaluusua Satu, Peltonen Eija, Partanen Anna-Maija 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin specifically reduces mrna for the mineralization-related dentin sialophosphoprotein in cultured mouse embryonic molar teeth...42 Kiukkonen Anu, Sahlberg Carin, Partanen Anna-Maija, Alaluusua Satu, Pohjanvirta Raimo, Tuomisto Jouko, Lukinmaa Pirjo-Liisa Interference by 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin with cultured mouse submandibular gland branching morphogenesis involves reduced epidermal growth factor receptor signaling...43 Klemetti E., Matela A.-M., Haag P., Könönen Mauno Shade selection performed by novice dental professionals and colorimeter...44 Könönen Mauno, Klemetti Esa, Waltimo Antti, Ahlberg Jari, Evälahti Marjut, Kleemola- Kujala Eija, Nyström Marjatta Tooth wear in maxillary anterior teeth from 14 to 23 years of age...44 Könönen Mauno Systemic conditions affecting the TMJ...44 Kontio Risto, Laine Pekka, Salo Antero, Paukku Pertti, Lindqvist Christian, Suuronen Riitta Reconstruction of internal orbital wall fracture with iliac crest free bone graft : clinical, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging follow-up study...45 Kovero O, Pynnonen S, Kuurila-Svahn K, Kaitila I, Waltimo-Sirén Janna Skull base abnormalities in osteogenesis imperfecta: a cephalometric evaluation of 54 patients and 108 control volunteers Lakio Laura, Lehto Markku, Tuomainen Anita, Jauhiainen Matti, Malle Ernst, Asikainen Sirkka, Pussinen Pirkko Pro-atherogenic properties of lipopolysaccharide from The periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetem-comitans...46 Lindberg L.R., Sorsa Timo, Tervahartiala Taina, Hoffmann F., Mellanen L., Kappos L., Schaad U. B., Leib S. L., Leppert D. Gelatinase B [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9] and collagenases (MMP-8/-13) are upregulated in cerebrospinal fluid during aseptic and bacterial meningitis in children...47 Liversidge H. M., Chaillet N., Mörnstad H., Nyström Marjatta, Rowlings K., Taylor J., Willems G Timing of Demirjian's tooth formation stages

8 Määttä Marko, Kari Osmo, Tervahartiala Taina, Peltonen Sirje, Kari Marjatta, Saari Matti, Sorsa Timo Tear fluid levels of MMP-8 are elevated in ocular rosacea-treatment effect of oral doxycycline...48 Määttä Marko, Tervahartiala Taina, Kaarniranta Kai, Tang Yi, Yan Li, Tuukkanen Juha, Sorsa Timo Immunolocalization of EMMPRIN (CD147) in the human eye and detection of soluble form of EMMPRIN in ocular fluids...49 Määttä Marko, Tervahartiala Taina, Vesti Eija, Airaksinen Juhani, Sorsa Timo Levels and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in aqueous humor are elevated in uveitisrelated secondary glaucoma...49 Mäntylä Päivi, Stenman M., Kinane D., Salo Tuula, Suomalainen Kimmo, Tikanoja S., Sorsa Timo Monitoring periodontal disease status in smokers and nonsmokers using a gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8-specific chair-side test...50 Mazzoni Annalisa, Pashley David H., Nishitani Yoshihiro, Breschi Lorenzo, Mannello Ferdinando, Tjäderhane Leo, Toledano Manuel, Pashley Edna L., Tay Franklin R. Reactivation of inactivated endogenous proteolytic activities in phosphoric acid-etched dentine by etch-and-rinse adhesives...51 Mellanen Liisa, Lähdevirta Juhani, Tervahartiala Taina, Meurman Jukka H., Sorsa Timo Matrix metalloproteinase-7, -8, -9, -25, and -26 and CD43, -45, and -68 cell-markers in HIV-infected patients' saliva and gingival tissue...52 Merrell Melinda A., Ilvesaro Joanna M., Lehtonen Niko, Sorsa Timo, Gehrs Bradley, Rosenthal Eben, Chen Dongquan, Shackley Brit, Harris Kevin W., Selander Katri S. Toll-like receptor 9 agonists promote cellular invasion by increasing matrix metalloproteinase activity...52 Meurman Jukka H. Oral infections may kill...53 Meurman Jukka H., Furuholm J., Kaaja Risto, Rintamäki H., Tikkanen U. Oral health in women with pregnancy and delivery complications...53 Meurman Jukka H., Hämäläinen Piia Oral health and morbidity : implications of oral infections on the elderly...54 Meurman Jukka H., Hämäläinen Piia, Janket Sok-Ja Oral infections in older adults...54 Meurman Jukka H., Kari Kirsti, Waltimo T., Kotiranta Anja, Inkeri J., Samaranayake L. P. In vitro antifungal effect of amine fluoride-stannous fluoride combination on oral Candida species

9 Miettinen Hanna M., Sorvari Rita, Alaluusua Satu, Murtomaa Mari, Tuukkanen Juha, Viluksela Matti The effect of perinatal TCDD exposure on caries susceptibility in rats...55 Mohebbi Simin Z., Virtanen Jorma, Vahid-Golpayegani Moitaba, Vehkalahti Miira Early childhood caries and dental plaque among 1-3-year-olds in Tehran, Iran...56 Montonen Marjut, Li Tian-Fang, Lukinmaa Pirjo-Liisa, Sakai E., Hukkanen Mika, Sukura Antti, Konttinen Yrjö T. RANKL and cathepsin K in diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible...56 Nishitani Y., Yosiyama M., Wadgaonkar B., Breschi L., Mannello F., Mazzoni A., Carvalho R. M., Tjäderhane Leo, Tay F. R., Pashley D. H. Activation of gelatinolytic/collagenolytic activity in dentin by self-etching adhesives...57 Nyberg Pia, Ylipalosaari Merja, Sorsa Timo,Salo Tuula Trypsins and their role in carcinoma growth...57 Paju Susanna, Pussinen Pirkko, Sinisalo Juha, Mattila Kimmo, Dogan Basak, Ahlberg Jari, Valtonen Ville, Nieminen Markku S., Asikainen Sirkka Clarithromycin reduces recurrent cardiovascular events in subjects without periodontitis...58 Peltola Jaakko, Ventä Irja, Haahtela Sauli, Lakoma Ani, Ylipaavalniemi Pekka, Turtola Lauri Dental and oral radiographic findings in first-year university students in 1982 and 2002 in Helsinki, Finland...58 Peltonen Eija, Lukinmaa Pirjo-Liisa, Sahlberg Carin, Partanen Anna-Maija, Kiukkonen Anu, Alaluusua Satu 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene interferes with the development of cultured mouse mandibular molars...59 Plasschaert A. J. M., Lindh C., McLoughlin J., Manogue M., Murtomaa Heikki, Nattestad A., Sanz M. Curriculum structure and the European Credit Transfer System for European dental schools : part I...60 Rajamäki Minna, Järvinen Anna-Kaisa, Sorsa Timo, Tervahartiala Taina, Maisi Päivi Elevated levels of fragmented laminin-5 gamma2-chain in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from dogs with pulmonary eosinophilia...60 Rajamäki Minna, Sorsa Timo Osteoarthritis : linking nitric oxide and metalloproteinases in canine articular ligament pathology...61 Raulo Saara M., Sorsa Timo, Maisi Päivi In vitro inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity in tracheal epithelial lining fluid from horses with recurrent airway obstruction

10 Rautemaa Riina, Nordberg A., Wuolijoki-Saaristo Kirsti, Meurman Jukka H. Bacterial aerosols in dental practice : a potential hospital infection problem...62 Rautemaa Riina, Rusanen Peter, Richardson Malcolm, Meurman Jukka H. Optimal sampling site for mucosal candidosis in oral cancer patients is the labial sulcus...63 Rutkiewicz Tarja, Könönen Mauno, Suominen-Taipale Liisa, Norblad Anne, Alanen Pentti Occurrence of clinical signs of temporomandibular disorders in adult Finns...63 Safkan-Seppälä Bedia, Sorsa Timo, Tervahartiala Taina, Beklen Arzu, Konttinen Yrjö T. Collagenases in gingival crevicular fluid in type 1 diabetes mellitus...64 Saied-Moallemi Z., Virtanen Jorma, Tehrachi A., Murtomaa Heikki Disparities in oral health of children in Tehran, Iran...64 Salo Tuula, Sorsa Timo, Lindqvist C. Inhibition of gelatinase activity by cyclic peptides: a support for oral cancer treatment...65 Sargeran Katayoun, Murtomaa Heikki, Safavi Seyed Mohammad Reza, Vehkalahti Miira, Teronen Olli Malignant oral tumors in Iran : ten-year analysis on patient and tumor characteristics of 1042 patients in Tehran...65 Seppänen Mikko, Lokki Marja-Liisa, Notkola Irma-Leena, Mattila K., Valtonen Ville, Nieminen Anja, Vesanen Marja, Asikainen Sirkka, Meri Seppo Complement and c4 null alleles in severe chronic adult periodontitis...66 Simonen-Jokinen Terhi, Maisi Päivi, Tervahartiala Taina, McGorum Bruce, Pirie Scott, Sorsa Timo Direct activation of gelatinase B (MMP-9) by hay dust suspension and different components of organic dust...66 Sirén Vappu, Salmenperä Pertteli, Kankuri Esko, Bizik Jozef, Sorsa Timo, Tervahartiala Taina, Vaheri Antti Cell-cell contact activation of fibroblasts increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinases...67 Söder B., Airila Månsson S., Soder PO, Kari Kirsti, Meurman Jukka H. Levels of matrix metalloproteinases-8 and -9 with simultaneous presence of periodontal pathogens in gingival crevicular fluid as well as matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cholesterol in blood...67 Sorsa Timo, Tjäderhane Leo, Konttinen Yrjö T., Lauhio Anneli, Salo Tuula, Lee Hsi- Ming, Golub Lorne M., Brown David L., Mäntylä Päivi Matrix metalloproteinases : contribution to pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal inflammation

11 Suomalainen Anni, Hietanen Jarkko, Robinson Soraya, Peltola Jaakko Ameloblastic carcinoma of the mandible resembling odontogenic cyst in a panoramic radiograph...69 Swartz Michael F., Halter Jeffrey M., Fink Gregory W., Pavone Lucio, Zaitsev Alexey, Lee Hsi-Ming, Steinberg Jay M., Lutz Charles J., Sorsa Timo, Gatto Louis A., Landas Steve, Hare Christopher, Nieman Gary F. Chemically modified tetracycline improves contractility in porcine coronary ischemia/reperfusion injury...69 Vilkuna-Rautiainen Tiina, Pussinen Pirkko, Roivainen Merja, Petäys Tuula, Jousilahti Pekka, Hovi Tapani, Vartiainen Erkki, Asikainen Sirkka Serum antibody response to periodontal pathogens and herpes simplex virus in relation to classic risk factors of cardiovascular disease...70 Virtanen Jorma, Berntsson Leeni T., Lahelma Eero, Köhler Lennart Children's use of general practitioner services in the five Nordic countries...70 Vysňiauskaité Sonata, Vehkalahti Miira First-time dental care and the most recent dental treatment in relation to utilisation of dental services among dentate elderly patients in Lithuania...71 Yli-Knuuttila H., Snäll Johanna, Kari Kirsti, Meurman Jukka H. Colonization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the oral cavity...72 ARTICLES IN FINNISH OR SWEDISH Alaluusua Satu Amoksisilliini mahdollisesti hammaskiilteen kehityshäiriöiden taustalla : näyttö vielä puutteellinen...73 Grönholm Johanna, Virtanen Jorma, Murtomaa Heikki Äitien suuterveyskäyttäytyminen, asenteet ja tiedot : neuvolatutkimus kaksikielisillä alueilla...73 Haavio Marja-Liisa, Autti-Rämö Ilona, Murtomaa Heikki, Sillanpää Matti Oraalimotoriset häiriöt ja kuntoutus...73 Komulainen Anne, Virtanen Jorma, Murtomaa Heikki Suusairauksien erikoissairaanhoito Etelä-Suomessa...74 Lumio Jukka, Vanhanen Hannu, Valtonen Ville, Jokinen Eero, Nieminen Markku S., Peltola Heikki, Meurman Jukka H. Hammasperäisen bakteeriendokardiitin antibioottiprofylaksi : [katsausartikkeli]...75 Mäntylä Päivi MMP-8-spesifisten parodontaalitestin tieteellinen perusta ja kehitystyö 76 Meurman Jukka H. Auttaako lääke influenssaan

12 Meurman Jukka H. Dementian lääkehoito...77 Meurman Jukka H. Lääkäriseura Duodecim täyttää 125 vuotta...77 Meurman Jukka H. Mitä uutta kroonisen kivun lääkehoidossa...78 Meurman Jukka H. Moksifloksasiini-tabletit markkinoille...78 Meurman Jukka H. Myyräkuuume...78 Meurman Jukka H. Syökää kasviksia...79 Meurman Jukka H. Tieteellinen petos ja sisäinen valvonta...79 Meurman Jukka H., Johansson Ann-Katrin Allmänsjukdom och dental erosion...79 Meurman Jukka H., Johansson Ann-Katrin Patogenes vid dental erosion...79 Murtomaa Heikki Hammashoidossa yhteistyön edut käytännöksi : [mielipide]...79 Murtomaa Heikki, Ruotoistenmäki Juha Hammaslääkärikoulutus Euroopassa - eilen, tänään ja huomenna : osa I...80 Murtomaa Heikki, Ruotoistenmäki Juha Hammaslääkärikoulutus Euroopassa - eilen, tänään ja huomenna : osa II...80 Nieminen Pekka, Arte Sirpa Geenit hammaspuutosten taustalla...80 Nieminen Pekka, Arte Sirpa Genetiken bakom medfödd avsaknad av tänder...81 Paju Susanna Parodontiitti : riski yleisterveydelle...81 Seppänen Lotta, Richardson Riina, Lindqvist Christian, Suuronen Riitta Hammasperäiset sairaalahoitoa vaatineet infektiot : potilasvakuutuskeskuksessa vuosina ratkaistut vahinkoilmoitukset...81 Silvo Anne-Maija, Virtanen Jorma, Murtomaa Heikki Etelä-Suomen yksityissektorin suun terveydenhuollon muutokset...82 Suominen-Taipale Liisa, Nordblad Anne, Vehkalahti Miira, Arinen Sirkka-Sisko Hammashoitopalvelut

13 Supponen Mikko, Peltola Jaakko Hammasröntgenkuvauksen alkuvuosien historiaa I : röntgensäteilyn löytyminen...84 Supponen Mikko, Peltola Jaakko Hammasröntgenkuvauksen alkuvuosien historiaa II : kohti röntgenologian kulta-aikaa...85 Suvinen Tuija, Könönen Mauno, Kemppainen Pentti Purentaelimen kivut ja toimintahäiriöt : hammaslääketieteen biopsykososiaalinen "ongelma". Osa I. Biolääketieteelliset, psykologiset ja biopsykososiaaliset etiologiset mallit...85 Suvinen Tuija, Könönen Mauno, Kemppainen Pentti Purentaelimen kivut ja toimintahäiriöt : miten poikkitieteellistä ja moniammatillista tutkimusta voi hyödyntää käytännön työssä. Osa II...86 Suvinen Tuija, Könönen Mauno, Kemppainen Pentti Biopsykososiaalinen terapeuttinen malli kliinisessä työskentelyssä...86 Virtanen Jorma, Laine Antti Suun terveydenhuollon valvonta : suosittiinko "kännykkäherroja" hoitoaikojen jaossa...86 Virtanen Jorma, Murtomaa Heikki Erikoishammaslääkärikoulutus uudistuu : moniammatillinen johtamiskoulutus käynnistyy...86 Virtanen Jorma, Murtomaa Heikki Erikoishammaslääkärikoulutus uudistuu II : terveydenhuollon erikoishammaslääkärikoulutusta palvelujärjestelmässä...87 Virtanen Jorma, Riihelä Kirsti Hoitosuunnitelman hyväksyminen tärkeää oikomishoidossa : kantelutapaus...87 Virtanen Jorma, Tefke Hanna-Leena Lääkevieroituksella eroon lääkkeiden väärinkäytöstä ja riippuvuusongelmasta...88 INDEX OF AUTHORS

14 BOOKS: THE FUNCTION OF BMPS AND RUNX2 IN NORMAL TOOTH DEVELOPMENT AND IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSPLASIA ÅBERG THOMAS Helsinki : p. ill, tabl. Diss. University of Helsinki, ISBN , ISBN (pdf) The development of many embryonic organs is regulated by reciprocal and sequential epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. These interactions are mediated by conserved signaling pathways that are reiteratively used. Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a congenital syndrome where both bone and tooth development is affected. The syndrome is characterized by short stature, abnormal clavicles, general bone dysplasia, and supernumerary teeth. CCD is caused by mutations in RUNX2, a transcription factor that is a key regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. The first aim of this study was to analyse the expression of a family of key signal molecules, Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) at different stages of tooth development. Bmps have a variety of functions and they were originally discovered as signals inducing ectopic bone formation. We performed a comparative in situ hybridisation analysis of the mrna expression of Bmp2-7 from initiation of tooth development to differentiation of dental hard tissues. The expression patterns indicated that the Bmps signal between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues during initiation and morphogenesis of tooth development, as well as during the differentiation of odontoblasts and ameloblasts. Furthermore, they are also part of the signalling networks whereby the enamel knot regulates the patterning of tooth cusps. The second aim was to study the role of Runx2 during tooth development and thereby to gain better understanding of the pathogenesis of the tooth phenotype in CCD. We analysed the tooth phenotype of Runx2 knockout mice and examined the patterns and regulation of Runx2 gene expression.. The teeth of wild-type and Runx2 mutant mice were compared by several methods including in situ hybridisation, tissue culture, bead implantation experiments, and epithelial-mesenchymal recombination studies. Phenotypic analysis of Runx2 -/- mutant tooth development showed that teeth failed to advance beyond the bud stage. Runx2 expression was restricted to dental mesenchyme between the bud and early bell stages of tooth development and it was regulated by epithelial signals, in particular Fgfs. We searched for downstream targets of Runx2 by comparative in situ hybridisation analysis. The expression of Fgf3 was downregulated in the mesenchyme of Runx2 -/- teeth. Shh expression was absent from the enamel knot in the lower molars of Runx2 -/- and reduced in the upper molars. In conclusion, these studies showed that Runx2 regulates key epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that control advancing tooth morphogenesis and histodifferentiation of the epithelial enamel organ. In addition, in the upper molars of Runx2 mutants extra buddings occured at the palatal side of the tooth bud. We suggest that Runx2 acts as an inhibitor of 13

15 successional tooth formation by preventing advancing development of the buds. Accordingly, we propose that RUNX2 haploinsuffiency in humans causes incomplete inhibition of successional tooth formation and as a result supernumerary teeth. MATRIX PROTEINASES IN LUNG INJURY IN THE PRETERM INFANT CEDERQVIST KATARIINA Helsinki : Katariina Cederqvist, 2006 (Yliopistopaino)71, [43] s. : kuv, taul. 4 excerpts Diss. : Helsingin yliopisto ISBN: , ISBN During inflammation, excess production and release of matrix proteinases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteinases, may result in dysregulated extracellular proteolysis leading to development of tissue damage. Pulmonary inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung injury in the preterm infant. The aims of this study were to evaluate involvement of MMPs and serine proteinase trypsin in acute and chronic lung injury in preterm infants and to study the role of these enzymes in acute lung injury by means of an animal model of hyperoxic lung injury. Molecular forms and levels of MMP-2, -8, and -9, and their specific inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2, as well as trypsin were studied in tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) samples collected from preterm infants with respiratory distress. Expression and distribution of trypsin-2 and proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) was examined in autopsy lung specimens from fetuses, from preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and from newborn infants without lung injury. We detected higher MMP-8 and trypsin-2 and lower TIMP-2 in TAF from preterm infants with more severe acute respiratory distress. Infants subsequently developing BPD had higher levels of MMP-8 and trypsin-2 early postnatally than did those who survived without this chronic lung injury. Immunohistochemically, trypsin-2 was mainly detectable in bronchial epithelium, but also in alveolar epithelium, and its expression was strongest in prolonged RDS. Since trypsin-2 is potent activator of PAR2, a G-protein coupled receptor involved in inflammation, we studied PAR2 expression in the lung. PAR2 co-localized with trypsin-2 in bronchoalveolar epithelium and its expression was significantly higher in bronchoalveolar epithelium in preterm infants with prolonged RDS than in newborn controls. In the experimental study, rats were exposed to >95% oxygen for 24, 48, and 60 hours, or room air. At 48 hours of hyperoxia, MMP-8 and trypsin levels sharply increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and expression of trypsin appeared in alveolar epithelium, and MMP-8 predominantly in macrophages. In conclusion, high pulmonary MMP-8 and trypsin-2 early postnatally are associated with severity of acute lung injury and subsequent development of BPD in preterm infants. In the injured preterm lung, trypsin-2 co-localizes with PAR2 in bronchoalveolar epithetlium, suggesting that PAR2 activated by high levels of trypsin-2 is involved in lung 14

16 inflamemation associated with development of BPD. Marked increase in MMP-8 and trypsin early in the course of experimental hyperoxic lung injury suggests that these enzymes play a role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Further exploration of the roles of trypsin and MMP-8 in lung injury may offer new targets for therapeutic intervention. EVALUATION OF THE BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF POLY (ORTHO ESTER), COPOLYMER OF [EPSILON]-CAPROLACTONE/D,L-LACTIDE AND THE COMPOSITE OF COPOLYMER OF [EPSILON]-CAPROLACTONE/D,L- LACTIDE AND TRICALCIUMPHOSPHATE AS BONE FILLING MATERIAL EKHOLM MARJA Espoo : , [41] p. : ill., tabl. Diss. - University of Helsinki, ISBN , ISBN The purpose of this series of studies was to evaluate the biocompatibility of poly (ortho) ester (POE), copolymer of ε-caprolactone and D,L-lactide [P (ε-cl/dl-la)] and the composite of P(ε-CL/DL-LA) and tricalciumphosphate (TCP) as bone filling material in bone defects. Tissue reactions and resorption times of two solid POE-implants (POE 140 and POE 46) with different methods of sterilization (gamma- and ethylene oxide sterilization), P(ε-CL/DL-LA)(40/60 w/w) in paste form and 50/50 w/w composite of 40/60 w/w P(ε-CL/DL-LA) and TCP and 27/73 w/w composite of 60/40 w/w P(ε-CL/DL- LA) and TCP were examined in experimental animals. The follow-up times were from one week to 52 weeks. The bone samples were evaluated histologically and the soft tissue samples histologically, immunohistochemically and electronmicroscopically. The results showed that the resorption time of gamma sterilized POE 140 was eight weeks and ethylene oxide sterilized POE weeks in bone. The resorption time of POE 46 was more than 24 weeks. The gamma sterilized rods started to erode from the surface faster than ethylene oxide sterilized rods for both POEs. Inflammation in bone was from slight to moderate with POE 140 and moderate with POE 46. No highly fluorescent layer of tenascin or fibronectin was found in the soft tissue. Bone healing at the sites of implantation was slower than at control sites with the copolymer in small bone defects. The resorption time for the copolymer was over one year. Inflammation in bone was mostly moderate. Bone healing at the sites of implantation was also slower than at the control sites with the composite in small and large mandibular bone defects. Bone formation had ceased at both sites by the end of follow-up in large mandibular bone defects. The ultrastructure of the connective tissue was normal during the period of observation. It can be concluded that the method of sterilization influenced the resorption time of both POEs. Gamma sterilized POE 140 could have been suitable material for filling small bone defects, whereas the degradation times of solid EO-sterilized POE 140 and POE 46 were too slow to be considered as bone filling material. Solid material is difficult to contour, which can be considered as a disadvantage. The composites were excellent to handle, but the degradation time of the polymer and the composites were too slow. 15

17 Therefore, the copolymer and the composite can not be recommended as bone filling material. TOXICITY OF DIOXIN TO DEVELOPING TEETH AND SALIVARY GLANDS : AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY KIUKKONEN ANU Helsinki: , 94, [61] p. : ill. Diss. University of Helsinki, ISBN , ISBN Dioxins are ubiquitous environmental poisons having unequivocal adverse health effects on various species. The majority of their effects are thought to be mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Developing human teeth may be sensitive to dioxins and the most toxic dioxin congener, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is developmenttally toxic to rodent teeth. Mechanisms of TCDD toxicity can be studied only experimentally. The aim of the present thesis work was to delineate morphological end points of developmental toxicity of TCDD in rat and mouse teeth and salivary glands in vivo and in vitro and to characterize their cellular and molecular background. Mouse embryonic teeth and submandibular gland explants were grown in organ culture without/with TCDD at various concentrations, examined stereomicroscopically and processed for histological examination. The effects of TCDD on cellular mechanisms essential for organogenesis were investigated. The expression of various genes eliciting the response to TCDD exposure or involved in tooth and salivary gland development was studied at the mrna and/or protein levels by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Association of the dental effects of TCDD with the resistance of a rat strain to TCDD acute lethality was analyzed in two lactationally exposed rat strains. The effect of TCDD on rat molar tooth mineralization was studied in tissue sections. TCDD dose- and developmental stage-dependently interfered with tooth formation. TCDD prevented early mouse molar tooth morphogenesis and altered cuspal morphology by enhancing programmend cell death, or apoptosis, in dental epithelial cells programmed to undergo apotosis. Cell proliferation was not affected. TCDD impaired mineralization of rat molar dental matrices, possibly by specifically reducing the expression of the mineralization-related dentin sialophosphoprotein gene shown in cultured mouse teeth. The impaired mineralization of rat teeth was accompanied by decreased expression of AhR and the TCDD-inducible xenobiotic-metabolozing enzyme P4501 A1 (CYP1A1), suggesting mediation of the TCDD effect by the AhR pathway. The severe interference by TCDD with rat incisor formation was independent of the genotypic variation of AhR determining the resistance of a rat strain to TCDD acute lethality. The impairment by TCDD of mouse submandibular gland branching morphogenesis was associated with CYP1A1 induction and involved blockage of EGF receptor signalling. In conclusion, TCDD exposure is likely to have activated the AhR pathway in target organs with the consequent activation of other signalling pathways involving developmentally regulated genes. The resultant phenotype is organ specific and modified 16

18 by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and dependent on dose as well as the stage of organogenesis at the time of TCDD exposure. Teeth appear to be responsive to TCDD exposure throughout their development. THE INFLUENCE OF HIV INFECTION TO THE PERIODONTIUM; A CLINICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL, AND ENZYMOLOGICAL STUDY MELLANEN LIISA Vantaa : , [55] p. : ill., tabl. Diss. - University of Helsinki, ISBN , ISBN The main targets of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are CD4 receptors of CD4+ lymphocytes and many other cells such as monocytes/macrophages, megakaryocytes, peripheral blood dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells (DC), epidermal Langerhans cells, and astrocytes. Infection and killing of CD4+ lymphocytes or false reaction of the body to HIV infection and the spontaneous apoptosis of CD4+ lymphocytes decrease CD4+ lymphocyte counts leading to immunosuppression, further disease progression, and appearance of opportunistic infections and malignancies. Oral manifestations are considered to be among the first signs of HIV infection. Enhanced degradation of extracellular matrix and basement membrane components in oral diseases including periodontitis is caused by Zn-dependent enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The levels and degrees of activation of MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, -25, -26, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP)-1 and -2, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and collagenolytic/ gelatinolytic activities, and also Ig A, -G, and -M, total protein, and albumin levels in a two-year follow-up were studied from salivary samples. The expression of MMP-7, -8, - 9, -25, and -26 immunoreactivities in gingival tissue specimens were studied. Healthy HIV-negative subjects served as controls. All studied clinical periodontal parameters and microbiological evaluation of the periodontopathogens showed that periodontal health of the HIV-positive patients was moderately decreased in comparison to the healthy controls. The levels of Candida in the periodontal pockets and salivary MPO increased with the severity of HIV infection. Immunoreactivities and levels of MMPs and TIMPs, and MMP activities (collagenase, gelatinase) were enhanced in the HIV-positive patient salivary samples relative to the healthy controls regardless of the phase of HIV infection. However, these parameters did not reflect periodontal status in a similar way as in the generally healthy periodontitis patients. Salivary total protein, albumin, IgA, -G, and -M levels were significantly higher in all phases of HIV infection compared to the controls, and salivary total protein, IgG and IgM levels remained higher after two years follow-up, partly correlating with the disease progression and which may reflect the leakage of serum components into the mouth and thus a decreased mucosal barrier. Salivary analyses of MMPs and TIMPs with immunohistochemical analyses showed that HIV infection could predispose to periodontal destruction when compared with healthy 17

19 controls or the body s defence reactions associated with HIV infection may have been reflected or mediated by MMPs. THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MATRIX METALLO- PROTEINASE (MMP) -8 SPECIFIC CHAIR-SIDE TEST FOR MONITORING OF PERIODONTAL HEALTH AND DISEASE FROM GINGIVAL CREVICU- LAR FLUID MÄNTYLÄ PÄIVI Helsinki : , [48] p. : ill., tabl. Diss. - University of Helsinki, ISBN , ISBN Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -8, collagenase-2, is a key mediator of irreversible tissue destruction in chronic periodontitis and detectable in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). MMP-8 mostly originates from neutrophil leukocytes, the first line of defence cells which exist abundantly in GCF, especially in inflammation. MMP-8 is capable of degrading almost all extra-cellular matrix and basement membrane components and is especially efficient against type I collagen. Thus the expression of MMP-8 in GCF could be valuable in monitoring the activity of periodontitis and possibly offers a diagnostic means to predict progression of periodontitis. In this study the value of MMP-8 detection from GCF in monitoring of periodontal health and disease was evaluated with special reference to its ability to differentiate periodontal health and different disease states of the periodontium and to recognise the progression of periodontitis, i.e. active sites. For chair-side detection of MMP-8 from the GCF or periimplant sulcus fluid (PISF) samples, a dip-stick test based on immunochromatography involving two monoclonal antibodies was developed. The immunoassay for the detection of MMP-8 from GCF was found to be more suitable for monitoring of periodontitis than detection of GCF elastase concentration or activity. Periodontally healthy subjects and individuals suffering of gingivitis or of periodontitis could be differentiated by means of GCF MMP-8 levels and dipstick testing when the positive threshold value of the MMP-8 chair-side test was set at 1000 µg/l. MMP-8 dipstick test results from periodontally healthy and from subjects with gingivitis were mainly negative 5 mm) and which were>while periodontitis patients sites with deep pockets ( bleeding on probing were most often test positive. Periodontitis patients GCF MMP-8 levels decreased with hygiene phase periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, SRP) and even reduced during the three month maintenance phase. A decrease in GCF MMP-8 levels could be monitored with the MMP-8 test. Agreement between the test stick and the quantitative assay was very good (κ = 0.81) and the test provided a baseline sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of During the 12-month longitudinal maintenance phase, periodontitis patients progressing sites (sites with an increase in attachment loss 2 mm during the maintenance phase) had elevated GCF MMP-8 levels compared with stable sites. General mean MMP-8 concentrations in smokers (S) sites were lower than in non-smokers (NS) sites but in progressing S and NS sites concentrations were at an equal level. Sites with exceptionally and repeatedly elevated 18

20 MMP-8 concentrations during the maintenance phase were clustered in smoking patients with poor response to SRP (refractory patients). These sites especially were identified by the MMP-8 test. Subgingival plaque samples from periodontitis patients deep periodontal pockets were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to find out if periodontal lesions may serve as a niche for Chlamydia pneumoniae. Findings were compared with the clinical periodontal parameters and GCF MMP-8 levels to determine the correlation with periodontal status. Traces of C. pneumoniae were identified from one periodontitis patient s pooled subgingival plaque sample by means of PCR. After periodontal treatment (SRP) the sample was negative for C. pneumoniae. Clinical parameters or biomarkers (MMP-8) of the patient with the positive C. pneumoniae finding did not differ from other study patients. In this study it was concluded that MMP-8 concentrations in GCF of sites from periodontally healthy individuals, subjects with gingivitis or with periodontitis are at different levels. The cut-off value of the developed MMP-8 test is at an optimal level to differentiate between these conditions and can possibly be utilised in identification of individuals at the risk of the transition of gingivitis to periodontitis. In periodontitis patients, repeatedly elevated GCF MMP-8 concentrations may indicate sites at risk of progression of periodontitis as well as patients with poor response to conventional periodontal treatment (SRP). This can be monitored by MMP-8 testing. Despite the lower mean GCF MMP-8 concentrations in smokers, a fraction of smokers sites expressed very high MMP-8 concentrations together with enhanced periodontal activity and could be identified with MMP-8 specific chair-side test. Deep periodontal lesions may be niches for non-periodontopathogenic micro-organisms with systemic effects like C. pneumoniae and possibly play a role in the transmission from one subject to another. MULTISEROTYPE ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY USING MICROTITER CLINIPLATE PUSSINEN PIRKKO Application note. - Waltham : Thermo electron corporation. 2006, [3] s.. 19

21 ARTICLES IN ENGLISH INFLUENCE OF COMBINATIONS OF BACTERIA ON THE LEVELS OF PRO- STAGLANDIN E2, INTERLEUKIN-1BETA, AND GRANULOCYTE ELASTASE IN GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID AND ON THE SEVERITY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE AIRILA-MÅNSSON STELLA, SÖDER BIRGITTA, KARI KIRSTI, MEURMAN JUKKA H. Journal of periodontology 77: , BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous presence of periodontal microbiota on inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid from individuals with periodontal diseases. METHODS: A total of 82 individuals with periodontal disease (mean age: /- 3.0 years) and 31 periodontally healthy individuals (mean age: /- 3.0 years) were randomly chosen and underwent clinical oral examinations in 2003 with the determination of the dental plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and periodontal probing depth (PD). The simultaneous presence of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-assessed periodontal bacteria, levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), granulocyte elastase, interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), and total protein concentration were determined from the pockets. Marginal bone height percent was measured on x-rays. Analysis of variance and chi(2) tests were used to analyze the results. RESULTS: In sites with Tannerella forsythensis, levels of PGE(2) (pg/site), granulocyte elastase (monoclonal antibodies (mabs)/site), and total protein (mg/ml) were significantly higher than in sites without T. forsythensis (P <0.05, P <0.01, and P <0.05, respectively). Those with periodontal disease with simultaneous presence of T. forsythensis and Porphyromonas gingivalis, or T. forsythensis and Prevotella nigrescens, showed significantly higher PI and GI, deeper PD, more loss of attachment, and more release of PGE(2) and granulocyte elastase than did periodontitis patients without these bacteria. CONCLUSION: The simultaneous presence of T. forsythensis and P. gingivalis, or T. forsythensis and P. nigrescens, seemed to promote the release of subgingival inflammatory mediators and seemed to be associated with more severe periodontal disease. DEVELOPMENTAL DENTAL TOXICITY OF DIOXIN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS : A REVIEW ALALUUSUA SATU, LUKINMAA PIRJO-LIISA International dental journal 56: , Non-halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs, or dioxins), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are wide-spread environmental pollutants 20

22 that have unequivocal adverse effects on different species, including humans. Accidental exposure of children to high amounts of PCDD/Fs has been found to be associated with developmental enamel defects and missing permanent teeth. An association between dioxin exposure via mother's milk and developmental mineralisation defects in permanent first molars was also found in otherwise healthy Finnish children born in the late 1980s but not in those born in the late 1990s. Results of experimental animal studies in vivo and in vitro are compatible with findings in human teeth. In addition to the dose, dental effects of the most toxic dioxin congener, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), essentially depend on the stage of tooth development at the time of exposure. Accordingly, TCDD arrests early rat and mouse molar tooth development and in more advanced teeth it interferes with mineralisation of enamel and dentine and arrests root development. Expression of the specific dioxin receptor (AhR) in dental cells at TCDDsensitive stages of tooth development suggests that the dental, like other developmental effects of TCDD, are mediated by the AhR. Early effects also depend on the epidermal growth factor receptor and involve enhanced apoptosis. The lowest TCDD dose (30ng/kg) causing adverse dental effects in rats has been estimated to result in maternal tissue levels approaching the high end of human background range and human milk PCDD/F levels that were associated with enamel defects in children. However, because of the uniform and clear decline in background dioxin and PCB levels in mother's milk during the last twenty years, dioxins are currently likely to be of small or no account as regards developmental dental defects in children. Even so, this is not the case after heavy exposure and little is known about the possible synergistic effects of these toxicants with other chemicals interfering with tooth development. EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-8 AND ITS RECEPTOR IL-8RA IN CHRONIC HYPERPLASTIC CANDIDOSIS ALI AHMED, RAUTEMAA RIINA, HIETANEN JARKKO, JÄRVENSIVU ANNE, RICHARDSON MALCOLM, KONTTINEN YRJÖ T. Oral microbiology and immunology 21: , INTRODUCTION: Neutrophils are the main opponents of Candida albicans in chronic hyperplastic candidosis. They migrate from the circulation to the epithelium where they form microabscesses. We therefore hypothesized that the neutrophil chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) might play a role in the neutrophil-candida interaction. METHODS: Biopsies from patients with chronic hyperplastic candidosis (n = 10) were stained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex protocol for IL-8 and IL-8 receptor A and were compared to healthy control mucosa (n = 3). A set of C. albicans agar sections was similarly analysed. RESULTS: In chronic hyperplastic candidosis lesions IL-8 was strongly expressed in both vascular endothelium and mucosal epithelium. Many resident and immigrant inflammatory cells, including intraepithelial neutrophils, were IL-8 receptor A positive. In addition, IL-8 (or an analogue) was found in the candidal mother cell in chronic hyperplastic candidosis and in agar, whereas the tips of the hyphae expressed IL-8 receptor A (or an analogue). CONCLUSION: IL-8 may play a role in the 21