DigitaiBorehole lmaging of the Boreholes

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1 Working Report DigitaiBorehole lmaging of the Boreholes KR6, KR8 Continuation, KR19, KR19b, KR20, KR20b, KR21, KR22, KR22b, KR23, KR23b and KR24 at Olkiluoto During Autumn 2003 Mari Lahti July 2004 POSIVA OY FIN OLKILUOTO, FINLAND Tel Fax

2 TEKIJA ORGANISAATIO SUOMEN MALMI OY PL10 J uvan teollisuuskatu ESPOO TILAAJA POSIVAOY OLKILUOTO TILAAJAN YHDYSHENKILO DI Turo Ahokas Posiva Oy URAKOITSIJAN YHDYSHENKILO D I Mari Lahti Smoy RAPORTTI WORKING REPORT DIGITAL BOREHOLE IMAGING OF THE BOREHOLES KR6, KR8 CONTINUATION, KR19, KR19B, KR20, KR20B, KR21, KR22 KR22B, KR23, KR23B AND KR24 AT OLKILUOTO DURING AUTUMN 2003 TEKIJA TARKASTAJA P~Ad~ Pekka Mikkola Toimitusjohtaja

3 Working Report Digital Borehole lmaging of the Boreholes KRB, KRB Continuation, KR19, KR19b, KR20, KR20b, KR21, KR22, KR22b, KR23, KR23b and KR24 at Olkiluoto During Autumn 2003 Mari Lahti Suomen Malmi Oy July 2004 Working Reports contain information on work in progress or pending completion. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of Posiva.

4 ABSTRACT Digital bore hole imaging of the boreholes KR6, KR8 continuation, KR19, KR19b, KR20, KR20b, KR21, KR22, KR22b, KR23, KR23b and KR24 at Olkiluoto during autumn Mari Lahti, Suomen Malmi Oy Suomen Malmi Oy conducted digital borehole imaging surveys in altogether 12 boreholes at the Olkiluoto site in autumn The survey is a part of Posiva Oy' s detailed investigation program for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel. The assignment included the field work and preliminary processing of the images. The report describes the field operation, equipment, image processing procedures and shows the obtained results by example images. The raw images as well as the processed images are delivered digitally in WellCAD format and Adobe Acrobat pdf-files that are saved into a set of CD/DVD discs. Key words Borehole logging, optical imaging, optical televiewer, structural geology, nuclear waste disposal

5 TIIVISTELMA Kairanreikien KR6, KR8jatko-osa, KR19, KR19b, KR20, KR20b, KR21, KR22, KR22b, KR23, KR23b ja KR24 digitaaliset kuvantamistutkimukset Olkiluodossa syksyllii Mari Lahti, Suomen Malmi Oy Suomen Malmi Oy teki digitaalisia kuvantamistutkimuksia yhteensa 12 kairanreiassa Olkiluodon tutkimusalueella syksylla Tyo tehtiin Posiva Oy:n tilauksesta osana yksityiskohtaisia kallioperatutkimuksia kaytetyn polttoaineen loppusijoitusta varten. Tyo sisalsi kuvausten kenttatyon seka kuvien alustavan prosessoinnin. Raportissa on kuvattu kenttatoiden kulku, kaytetty kalusto, kuville tehdyt korjaukset seka tulosten laatu esimerkkikuvien avulla. Raakakuvat seka korjatut kuvat on toimitettu tilaajalle digitaalisena CD/DVD -sarjana WellCAD -muotoisina tiedostoina seka Adobe Acrobat pdf -tulosteina. A vainsanat: Reikamittaus, optinen kuvantaminen, optinen televiewer, rakennegeologia, ydinjatteen loppusijoitus

6 CONTENTS Abstract Tiivistelma Contents...! 1 Introduction Equipment Field work Test surveys Time schedule Survey parameters Quality control during survey Results Data processing Data quality Borehole conditions Resolution Image colour Conclusions Appendices Appendix 1. Original log-files Appendix 1.1 KR Appendix 1.2 KR6 rerun Appendix 1.3 KR Appendix 1.4 KR Appendix 1.5 KR19b Appendix 1.6 KR20 and KR20b Appendix 1. 7 KR Appendix 1.8 KR Appendix 1.9 KR22b Appendix 1.10 KR23 and KR23 rerun Appendix 1.11 KR23b Appendix 1.12 KR Appendix 2. List of the data files Appendix 3. Example of an orientation log, KR20 depth interval m 34 Appendix 4. Tool technical information Appendix 5. An example of Image Log header and PDF file Appendix on CD, PDF images

7 2 1 INTRODUCTION In 1999, Posiva Oy filed an application for a policy decision from the council of state for a construction permit to built a final disposal facility for spent fuel at the Olkiluoto are in the Eurajoki municipality. In December 2000, the Council of State made a positive policy decision and in May 2001, the Parliament ratified the decision. The policy makes it possible to concentrate the research activities at Olkiluoto. Suomen Malmi Oy (Smoy) carried out borehole imaging surveys for Posiva Oy in September-November The assignment included imaging of the boreholes KR6, KR8 continuation, KR19, KR19b, KR20, KR20b, KR21, KR22, KR22b, KR23, KR23b and KR24 according to the purchase order 9692/03/TUAH. The high precision borehole imaging contributes to fracture detection and orientation as well as further description of the crystalline bedrock at the Olkiluoto site. The field surveys were coordinated by survey engineer Johan Majapuro and the project management, image processing and reporting were conducted by geophysicist Mari Lahti. Smoy's geologist Risto Niinimaki reviewed the images at critical points, for geological correspondence. The field operation and quality control were supervised by client's representative project manager Eero Heikkinen from JP Fintact Ltd. This report describes the field operation of the borehole surveys and the preliminary image processing conducted by Suomen Malmi Oy. The quality of the results is shortly analysed and the data presented through example images.

8 3 2 EQUIPMENT The borehole imaging was carried out using Advanced Logic Technology's (ALT) OBI40 optical televiewer. Smoy rented the probe and the control unit with ALTLogger software from ALT. The rental included also WellCAD software for the quality control and processing of the data. The 1000 m long 3/16" steel armoured 4 conductor cable was purchased from Mount Sopris Ltd and mounted on Smoy' s motorized winch. The cable was marked with 10 m intervals for controlling the depth measurement. AL T provided bow centralizers for 3" and 4" diameter boreholes. The 3" bow centralizers were used for the survey of borehole KR6. The bow springs generated some twitching of the probe and use of fixed centralizers became necessary for achieving the required accuracy. Smoy prepared fixed nylon centralizers for 56 and 76 mm boreholes. Tool configuration and optical assembly is presented in Figures 1 and 2 below. The probe, cable and logging control unit are shown in Figure 3, and the control software interface at field base in Figure 4.

9 4!Tool Cablehead Adapter 55 cm De~' at on sersor APS544 lower centraliserhmrt Centrahser -- jmain Pressure Housing [-!Accelerometers!optical Head Ophca head -- CCO digital camera!optical Window Oplic&l Window (mirror section) Figure 1. The configuration of OB/40. On the left the rented version OB/40-2 and on the right the new OB140-mk3 (length 1. 7 m) that was used for the survey of KR21 and that Smoy currently owns (ALT, Optical Borehole Televiewer Operator Manual). cco digital camera image Light bulbs Conical mirror :_...! I I I ' Borehole wall Figure 2. Optical assembly of the OB/40. The high sensitivity CCD digital camera with Pentax optics is located above a conical mirror. The light source is a ring of light bulbs located in the optical head (ALT, Optical Borehole Televiewer Operator Manual).

10 5 Figure 3. OBI40 probe with nylon centralizers mounted. The extra weights are attached to the cable. In front the winch is the four-spring bow centralizer. Figure 4. The raw image was observed and analysed in real time during the survey.

11 6 3 FIELD WORK The assignment consisted ofborehole imaging of totally 3399 m in 12 boreholes. The boreholes and their specifications are listed in Table 1. The original survey program was later accomplished with the survey of KR24. Table 1. Specifications of the boreholes surveyed. BOREHOLE DIAMETER DIP PLANNED SURVEY CONCLUDED SURVEY LENGTH (mm) INTERVAL (m) INTERVAL (m) SURVEYED (m) KR KR KR KR19b KR KR20b KR KR KR22b KR KR23b KR TOTAL Test surveys The field work started with test surveys in the 76 mm diameter borehole KR16. Different parameters were tested to find out the best configuration for the imaging work. The parameters tested were shutter time, colour saturation (chroma, or 0-100%) and light source intensity (lightness, or 0-100%). Required light intensity will depend on the borehole diameter, and the colour and luminosity of the bedrock material. The shutter times tested were 1/120 and 1/50 seconds. The lightness from 60 to 100% and chroma from 40 to 60 % were varied for both shutter times. According to the tests the best configuration was shutter time 1/50 s, lightness 70 % and chroma 50 %. The tested configurations are presented in Table 2 and some of the test images in Figures 5, 6 and 7. The selected setting will allow optimal range of lightness and colour saturation, to avoid underexposure (and bring in good resolution on grey scale in dark minerals) and overexposure (to distinguish mineralogy variation in granitic material). It was agreed that the selected parameters would probably have to be adjusted to each borehole depending on the borehole conditions, e.g. amount of impurity in the borehole water or dirtiness of the walls. Also the white balance seemed to change during the surveys, which affected the colours.

12 7 Table 2. Tested parameter configurations. SHUTTER 1/s LIGHTNESS% CHROMA% COMMENTS dark image a bit dark pink good, natural colours pink a bit yellow Figure 5. Comparison of shutter times 1/120 sand 1/50 s. For shutter time 1/120 sand lightness 70 or 80% (on the left) the image remained too dark. When increasing the lightness the image became pinkish (on the middle). For shutter time 1/50 s the use of lightness 70% was already sufficient for obtaining good image (on the right). See also Figure 6.

13 8 Figure 6. The effect of adjusting the lightness for shutter time 1/50 s. For shutter time 1/50 s the lightness 60 % is too weak (on the left) but lightness 80% results to pink image (on the middle). The image on the right is the selected configuration with lightness 70 %. Figure 7. The effect of adjusting chromafor shutter time 1/50 sand lightness 70 %. The image on the right is the selected configuration with chroma 50 %.

14 9 3.2 Time schedule The duration of the field work was 32 working days between Equipment malfunction during logging of borehole KR22 at the end of October caused a break of one week. The logging was run 24 h continuously on weekdays and a break was held over each weekend. Table 3 describes the progress of the field operation and some comments from the field notes. Table 3. Time schedule of the field work. DATE ACTIVITY COMMENTS/NOTES Mobilisation, kick-off meeting Tests in KR KR6, interval m Image enhancer off, seems to increase amount of error pixels Gamma correction on KR6, interval m KR6, interval m The vertical resolution is not adequate KR6, rerun of interval m KR23b, interval 5-45 m KR23b: Image is reddish Tests for the rerun of KR KR6, rerun of interval m Rerun using extra weight (5 kg), upwards imaging gave better data, the rerun started from the bottom KR6, rerun of interval m Weakened colour resolution KR6, rerun of interval m Twitching of the probe in KR23, the survey speed had to be slowed KR23, interval m down to cm/min, the bow centralisers were changed into nylon centralisers KR23, interval m KR 23, rerun of interval m The centralisers were changed into nylon centralisers and the extra weights were distributed more evenly on the cable. The effect of survey speed was demonstrated. The speed was kept as down as cm/min for achieving good data KR23, interval m KR24: The bow centralisers caused too much twitching and cable KR24, interval m resonance. When probe was taken up for changing the centralisers, the lens was already dirty. The hole conditions poor. Nylon centralisers used KR24, interval m Borehole conditions get weaker below 300 m, lot of error pixels KR24, interval m KR24: Dark image KR22b, interval m KR22b: Below casing image is dark, but improves KR22b, interval m Near bottom (below 40 m) half of the image is dark KR8, interval m At some parts a bit dark image, resolution ok KR8, interval m Few occasional single stick-slips, at very white parts the image is bluish KR19, interval m Reddish image, oxidation KR19, interval m KR19, interval m KR19b, interval 5-45 m KR19b: Image is reddish, partly due to rock type, partly oxidation, KR20, interval40-75 m lightness was adjusted during surveying KR20, interval m Resolution ok, good colour resolution but red parts partly burn KR20, interval m 2-3 mm vertical resolution in the tonalities, occasional stick-slips KR20b, interval 8-43 m KR20b: Dark image in the beginning, quite wide black stripe, open KR22, interval m fractures below 40 m, gets muddy after that KR22, interval m Resolution and colour ok, occasional stick-slips KR22, interval m Resolution gets weaker towards bottom. Water got inside the probe KR21 The probe was lowered using fibre glass rods, tests were run during the lowering, but data quality was poor (uneven movements). The image was recorded time-based downwards. Pushing the probe down caused muddy hole conditions. Waiting over the night KR21, interval m The imaging started from the bottom of the borehole KR21, interval 65-4 m

15 Survey parameters The applied survey parameters were recorded in the log files of each borehole. The recorded parameters are: -azimuthal resolution (720 pixels) -shutter time (1/50 s) -lightness (70, 80, 90 or 100 %) -chroma ( 40, 50 or 60 %) -gamma correction (on or off) -image enhancer (on or off) -sampling rate ( m) Image enhancer affects the camera focus. Due to severe electronic disturbance on OBI40-2 (blue, red and green error pixels), which was spread to adjacent pixels by image enhancement, the tool was first focused to borehole diameter, then enhancement was set off. The log files include also the depth check marks of the cable and corresponding readings of the depth encoder. With each raw data file the corresponding starting and ending time and depth were collected as well as total amount of rows recorded and errors occurred. The estimated survey speed was 0.2 m/min. In practise for obtaining required data quality the speed had to be slowed down to m/min and in the most difficult conditions down to m/min. The data was collected principally in 50 m pieces which yielded approximately a 150 Mb file size. The raw data files were named after borehole number, starting depth and initial a or y indicating imaging direction (kr20_ 100a.rd, kr21_280y.rd, a=downwards, y=upwards ). Logging sections, file names and performed processing are displayed in Appendix 2. the data files and log files are delivered to the Client in electronic format.

16 Quality control during survey The quality of the image was controlled during survey by taking samples of the image and applying histogram analysis. Also the vertical resolution was checked using captured images. The survey was never left unsupervised. Each borehole was surveyed without breaks for avoiding weakening of the in-hole imaging conditions. The overlapping of data between recorded intervals was ensured by rerunning of the last 0.5 m of each recording. The raw data files (*.rd files produced by AL TLogger) were imported to Well CAD after the saving and the quality of the image and achieved resolution was checked. The raw data was evaluated by JP Fintact Ltd. At some cases bitmap-files from selected depth intervals were exported and sent for evaluation via to JP Fintact Ltd. Each image section was reviewed and accepted, or rerun decided before moving to next borehole.

17 12 4 RESULTS 4. 1 Data processing The data processing carried out after the field work consists of depth adjustment and image orientation for 70 raw data files. The instructions and procedures for the processing are provided by JP Fintact Ltd. The images were produced to depth matched and oriented to North presentations including a 3-D image. Images can be reviewed with WellCAD Reader, and WellCAD software. For the report, the images were also printed on PDF documents, in scale 1 :2 (Appendix on CD). The depth adjustments are based on distinctive geological features that can be identified from the core sample and the image. The applied depth adjustments were for example for KR m (Figure 8). The depth encoder readings collected from the cable marks every 10 m show similar trend than the geological depth adjustments and they can be used for estimation of the depth correction's extent and direction. The image was shifted and stretched along the depth axis using WellCAD depth matching tool. Depth accuracy to the reported core sample is usually 1-2 cm, and always better than 6 cm. Image has a good reproduction of depth scale also at core loss sections. KR r I 0.00 IT~../! X fl ~~ 1: ~. ~ :g... ~ -""" : -:...~ = ~... "'-- GI ~ ~~~ ! _. X~ :2 ~ a ~-! ' -, ;-: ,.-----, , r-----,..-j cable mar1<slencoder X X ditf_ """*-ditf_ ditf Polyn. (19-39) ~00 - ditf_ ditf_ Polyn. ( ) Depth (m) X e ~ diff_40~50 -+-ditf_39_100 ditf_ diff_ ditf_ ditf_ Polyn. ( ) - Polyn. (39-100) - Polyn. ( ) Figure 8. The depth adjustment for KR6 (prepared by JP Fintact Ltd).

18 13 The image orientation of the dipping boreholes is based on existing maxibor and EMS data from the boreholes. The image of the vertical borehole KR24 was oriented with recalibrated OBI40-2 probe inclination, relative bearing and azimuth recording. A site magnetic declination, +4.5 degrees, was added to the orientation data before rotating. The orientation of the images required slight removal of the magnetic anomalies, which are narrow and can be distinguished as sudden symmetrical spin of the image. Accuracy of the Tilt is 0.2 degrees, and RBR 1 degrees, which can also be considered the accuracy of the image. The orientation of the images required slight removal of the magnetic anomalies. The corrected images are saved into Wellcad Reader enabled files named after borehole number and corrected tmage depth interval (kr6_15_ 20 _final. wcl). The files are also printed into corresponding pdf-files that are attached onto CD in Appendix of this report. The images were oriented to Site North (left edge to North, each image row rotating from left to right clockwise N-E-S-W-N, respectively). Orientation rotates the image to remove tool spinning about its axis. The image orientation in boreholes inclined from vertical (all other than KR24) is based on recalibrated inclination data (tilt from vertical) and the relative bearing (RBR, defined about borehole axis from High Side to clockwise) recording by OBI40-2 probe, and existing external Maxibor and EMS azimuth data from the boreholes which were computed together to orient the images to North. An example of an orientation log for KR20 depth interval m is presented in Appendix Data quality In a high precision imaging survey the quality of the image is controlled by the borehole conditions (colour of the water, dirtiness of the borehole walls). As important factor is how smoothly the imaging tool can be moved in the borehole. All the necessary steps to ensure good image quality were taken during the field survey. These were supervised logging procedure throughout the work; optimised imaging settings, immediate reaction in parameters to any indications of weaker quality and necessary adjustments, correct logging direction in a specific circumstance (usually downwards) and adequately slow logging operation. Due to murky water after logging run, usually an immediate re-run is impossible, but it would be required to let the borehole water clear several weeks before a new trial.

19 Borehole conditions The surveyed boreholes were mainly in good condition for high resolution imaging. However, the conditions were severely weakened once the situation had been disturbed. For example repetition right after the survey is not usually possible. In some of the surveyed boreholes the in-hole conditions for the imaging were poor due to dirty borehole walls and muddiness of the water. For example borehole KR24 was very dirty below the casing at 120 m. Figure 9 shows two images from KR24 at depth of 120 m. The image from the survey in October 2003 shows dark dirty borehole walls below the casing installed in the borehole. The image surveyed after removing the casing is from another assignment carried out in March The borehole has been cleaned and the image quality is much improved. Weakened borehole conditions in KR24 were met also depths below 300 m where the image gets darker. The imaging of borehole KR21 was carried out with help of fibre glass rods for lowering the probe to the bottom. Pushing the rods and the probe caused muddy conditions. For getting better image, the probe was left into the borehole bottom for eight hours. However the water was still very muddy when the survey was started next morning. The set of images in Figure 10 shows the gradual image quality improvement towards the upper part ofkr21. Figure 9. Images (appr m depth interval) from borehole KR24 from depth 120 m before and after removing the casing showing the image quality improvement after cleaning the borehole. The images are not oriented.

20 15 Figure 10. Images from various depths (each 0.5 m depth interval) from KR21 shows the poor imaging conditions near the borehole bottom due to muddy borehole water and the improvement towards the surface where the water becomes clearer Resolution The required vertical resolution of 0.5 mm was obtained widely in most of the boreholes. In many cases however the survey speed had to be significantly slower than 0.2 m/min. Problems to collect data with the required resolution were met in boreholes KR6 and KR23. Altogether 435 m of KR6 and 60 m of KR23 were re-surveyed due to the poor resolution. The problems were related to light weight of the probe, and occurred also at certain depths in other boreholes dipping gently or moderately from vertical. If the probe itself would be significantly heavier the moving of the probe would be smoother. The means for improving the resolution were adding extra weights to the cable, using nylon centralisers and reducing the survey speed. An example of different resolutions obtained is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. Images from KR22 demonstrate good and weakened resolution. On the left is presented image from depth 106 m with 0. 5 mm vertical resolution. On the right is image from depth 367 m showing vertical resolution of 2-3 mm, the weakened resolution is particularly visible in the white areas. See also Figure 13.

21 16 Most severe influence of the stick-slip motion brought in sections, where the slipping is 3-5 mm continuously. The phenomenon can be caused by several reasons, like mechanical ringing in the cable, a rough borehole wall influencing into the probe motion, or hydraulic flow. These may be also enhanced by depth encoder triggering the image aqcuisition while tool is still at previous location (stopped or moving slower than nominal rate), and tool moving faster then, leading to lose few subsequent traces of image. An example of this phenomenon is presented below in Figure 13. The resolution requirement will depend on the scale of interest. When the images are viewed in 1:5 through 1:20 scales for litho logical match, the obtained images are adequate in all conditions. When very thin lamellae of foliation, and microfractures are viewed against the core sample in scale of 1: 1 through 1 :4, the highest mm resolution is required. Figure 12. Images from borehole KR8. On the left image from depth 5 63 m showing the best resolution quality. On the right image from depth 494 m showing single local stickslip, where the slipped pixels can be up to 1-2 cm long.

22 17 Figure13. Images from KR22 from depths 458 m (on the top) and 106 m (below) demonstrate the difference between blocked and good resolution image. Blue, green and red error pixels can also be seen especially in the upper image.

23 Image colour The borehole conditions determined how natural looking image could be obtained. In cases where the borehole water was clear the area influenced by dirt in the borehole is very narrow. Commonly the bottom of the dipping boreholes can be seen in the images as a black or brownish stripe where the fine grained material is gathered and flowing down. The existing core sample photos were utilized during the survey for evaluating the image quality and the naturalness of the colours. In some cases the quite strong shades proved to be close to natural rock colours, like in KR23b where the granite sections in the migmatic mica gneiss are dark red (Figure 14). In borehole KR6 where the survey had to be repeated, the borehole became muddy and the colour resolution was much decreased. In Figure 14 the image of KR6 is actually partly black and white, as for example the red and white mineral grains cannot be properly distinguished from each other. Figure 14. The image from KR23b from depth 30 m shows strong red shades, which are however close to the natural colour of the granites in the core samples. In the middle image from KR19 at depth 260 m shows redness that is due to oxidation. The image from KR6 at depth 296 m demonstrates the decreased colour resolution.

24 19 5 CONCLUSIONS The task of imaging 12 boreholes at the Olkiluoto site, altogether 3399 metres, was concluded within 8 weeks. The field work started in September 2003 and was finished by November The preliminary data processing included in the assignment was carried out mainly in January-February The draft report was compiled by the end of March Data has been delivered to the Client in electronic format. The quality of the images (pixel and colour resolution, depth match and orientation) widely achieves the required level. The quality was observed and validated by the Client's representative JP Fintact Ltd. The quality checking after each borehole and permission to proceed was organized either directly at the site or during weekend breaks.

25 r110t A'' SUOMEN MALMI OY 20 Appendix 1.1 KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLK/LUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr6_1aki.xls, kr6_1aki_3.xls Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: Tiedosto: Paivamaara: Mittaajat: KR6 kr6_xxy JM,JK,LJ KR6 kr6_xxy JM,ML,MM Uusinta ylospain ASETUKSET Pikseleita kehalla Suljinaika 1/s l Chroma% Valoteho% I I 22.syys syys syys AGC GAMMA IMAGEENCH. Sampling Rgain Bgain WCR I pais lpaalla I pais I pais lpaalla I pais pais paalla pais Kaapelimerkki Matkapyoran /ukema tiedostonimi kr6 15a kr6 19a kr6 39a kr6 100a kr6 150a kr6 200a kr6 250a kr6 300a kr6 350a kr6 400a kr6 450a kr6 500a kr6 550a kr6 443y kr6 151y kr6 101y kr6 21y aloitus, m /opetus, m Kaapeli- Matkapyoran merkki /ukema Uusinta ylos pain: /uetut rivit virheet aloitusaika 15:48 17:59 1:21 6:10 11:20 16:05 21 :25 2:22 7:10 12:00 17:07 22:20 5:15 6:50 7:22 8:15

26 21 Appendix 1.2 Ul.'~t ~'l SUOMEN MALMI OY KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLKILUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr6_1oki_ 4.xls Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: KR6 Uusinta Tiedosto: kr6_xxy Paivamaara: Mittaajat: JM,ML,MM 29.syys 30.syys 30.syys ASETUKSET 12:17 14:49 17:47 Pikseleita kehalla Suljinaika 1/s Chroma% Valoteho% AGC lpois pois pois GAMMA lpaalla paalla paalla IMAGEENCH. lpois pois pois Sampling Rgain Bgain WCR Kaapeli- Matkapyoran merkki lukema tiedostonimi aloitus, m lopetus, m /uetut rivit virheet a/oitusaika /opetus kr6 202a : kr6 215a : kr6 228a : kr6 290testi : kr6 290a : kr6 295a :48 8:

27 22 Appendix 1.3 ~3~t l'l SUOMEN MALMI OY KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLK/LUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr8 _laki.xis Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: KRS Tiedosto: kr8_xxy Paivamaara: Mittaajat: JM,ML 13.1aka 14.1aka ASETUKSET 14:01 18:27 Pikseleita kehalla Suljinaika 1/s Chroma% Valoteho% AGC pais pais Anturi 1.92 GAMMA paalla paalla Kaapeli 1 IMAGEENCH. pais pais Putki 0.36 Sampling Alkusyv Rgain B_gain WCR Kaapeli- Matkapyoran merkki /ukema tiedostonimi a/oitus, m lopetus, m /uetut rivit virheet aloitusaika lopetus 300 kr8 290a : kr8 352a : kr8 402a : a hi kr8 453a : kr8 504a : kr8 554a :27 23: a hi ei merkkia ei merkkia merkki liikkunut???

28 23 Appendix 1.4 ~~..t ~'i SUOMEN MALMI OY KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLKILUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr19 _loki.xis Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: KR19 Tiedosto: kr19_xxy Paivamaara: Mittaajat: JM,ML 14.1oka ASETUKSET 5:25 5:50 12:20 Pikseleita kehalla 720 Suljinaika 1/s 50 Chroma% lennosta 30 Valoteho% 70 AGC pois GAMMA paalla IMAGEENCH. pois Sampling Rgain 44 Bgain 176 WCR Kaapeli- Matkapyoran merkki lukema tiedostonimi aloitus, m lo_petus, m luetut rivit virheet aloitusaika lopetus kr19 40a : kr19 101a : kr19 150a : kr19 200a :40 90 ei merkkia kr19 250a : kr19 301a : kr19 302y : kr19 351a : kr19 402a : kr19 450a : kr19 503a : ei merkkia ei merkkia 210 ei merkkia 220 ei merkkia ei merkkia ei merkkia 270 ei merkkia

29 24 Appendix 1.5 ~ ~.t-~'i SUOMEN MALMI OY KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLK/LUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr19b _laki.xis Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: KR19b_xxy Tiedosto: kr19b_xxy Paivamaara: Mittaajat: JM,ML 20.1aka ASETUKSET 11 :50 13:45 Pikseleita kehalla 720 Su/jinaika 1/s 50 Chroma% 30 Valoteho% AGC pais GAMMA paalla IMAGEENCH. pais Sampling Rgain 44 Bgain 176 WCR Kaapeli- Matkapyoran merkki lukema tiedostonimi aloitus, m /opetus, m luetut rivit virheet aloitusaika lopetus kr19b 6a : kr19b 28y : putken suu ahjain

30 25 Appendix 1.6 Ul~t l'i SUOMEN MALMI OY KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLKILUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr20 _loki.xls, kr20b _loki.xls Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: KR20 KR20b Tiedosto: kr20_xxy kr20b_xxy Paivamaara: Mittaajat: JM,ML HT,JK,JM 20.1oka ASETUKSET 18:46 19:00 7:20 2:24 Pikseleita kehalla Su/jinaika 1/s Chroma% Valoteho% AGC pois pois GAMMA paalla paalla IMAGEENCH. pois pois Sampling Rgain Bgain WCR Kaapeli- Matkapyoran merkki /ukema tiedostonimi aloitus, m lopetus, m luetut rivit virheet a/oitusaika /opetus 40 kr20 39a :47 50 kr20 41a :57 60 kr20 99a :50 70 kr20 150a :21 80 kr20 200a :12 90 kr20 250a : kr20 300a : kr20 350a : kr20 400a : kr20 452a :58 21 : kr20 290y :02 22: kr20 289y :10 22: noin 159,33 kr20 45y :58 23: lkr20b 8a I 8.15 I I I 477 I 2:25 I 7: sininen merkki 469,

31 26 Appendix 1.7 ~l~t l'i SUOMEN MALMI OY KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLKILUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr21 _1oki.xls Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: KR21 Tiedosto: KR21_x.xy Paivamaara: Mittaajat: JM,ML ASETUKSET 2:24 13:40 21 :06 Pikseleita kehalla Suljinaika 1/s Chroma% Valoteho% AGC pais GAMMA paalla IMAGEENCH. paalla Sampling Rgain Bgain WCR Kaapeli- Matkapyoran merkki lukema tiedostonimi aloitus, m /opetus, m luetut rivit virheet a/oitusaika /opetus kr21 286y 20 eim kr21 280y : kr21 200y :49 kaatui kr21 196y saatelya kr21 197y :40 kaatui kr21 101y :06 4: eim eim eim

32 27 Appendix 1.8 ~l~,t l'i SUOMEN MALMI OY KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLK/LUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr22 _laki.xis Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: KR22 Tiedosto: KR22_xxy Paivamaara: Mittaajat: HT,JK,JM ASETUKSET 2:24 Pikseleita kehalla 720 Suljinaika 1/s 50 Chroma% 30 Valoteho% 80 AGC pais GAMMA paalla IMAGEENCH. pais Sampling R_g_ain 44 Bgain 176 WCR Kaapeli- Matkapyoran merkki /ukema tiedostonimi aloitus, m lopetus, m luetut rivit virheet aloitusaika lopetus kr22 39a :15 60 kr22 99a :37 70 kr22 149a : kr22 199a :40 90 kr22 210y : kr22 208yt testi kr22 207at testi kr22 209a : kr22 249a : kr22 299a : kr22 348a : kr22 400a : kr22 450a : :

33 ,,., l'l ( l'i SUOMEN MALMI OY 28 Appendix 1.9 KAIRANREIKIEN DIG/TAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLKILUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr22b _laki.xis Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: Tiedosto: Paivamaara: Mittaajat: ASETUKSET Pikseleita kehalla Suljinaika 1/s Chroma% Valoteho% AGC GAMMA IMAGEENCH. Sampling Rgain Bgain WCR KR22B kr22b_xxy JK,JM,ML 9.1aka 21 : pais paalla pais Kaapelimerkki Matkapyoran /ukema tiedostonimi a/oitus, m lopetus, m luetut rivit virheet a/oitusaika lopetus kr22b 20a :491 0:241

34 29 Appendix 1.10 ~ ~t l'i SUOMEN MALMI OY KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLKILUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr23 _laki.xis, kr23 _laki_ 2.xis Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: KR23 KR23 Uusinta Tiedosto: kr23_xxy kr23_xxy Paivamaara: Mittaajat: JM,ML,MM JK,JM,ML 1.1aka 1.1aka 1.1aka ASETUKSET 14:00 17:04 22:27 22:27 10:15 Pikseleita kehalla Su/jinaika 1/s Chroma% Valoteho% AGC pais pais pais pais GAMMA paalla paalla paalla paalla IMAGEENCH. pais pais pais pais Sampling Rgain Bgain WCR Kaapeli- Matkapyoran merkki /ukema tiedostonimi aloitus, m lopetus, m luetut rivit virheet a/oitusaika lopetus kr23 40a : kr23 45a : kr23 90a : kr23 151a : kr23 181y : Uusinta: kr23 125a : kr23 151a : kr23 202a : kr23 252a : Uusinta:

35 rn:.t l'' SUOMEN MALMI OY 30 Appendix 1.11 KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAALINEN KUVANTAMINEN OLKILUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr23b _loki.xis Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: Tiedosto: Paivamaara: Mittaajat: ASETUKSET Pikseleita kehalla Suljinaika 1/s Chroma% Valoteho% AGC GAMMA IMAGEENCH. Sampling Rgain Bgain WCR KR23B kr23b_xxy JM,JK,LJ 25.syys 12: pois paalla pois Kaapelimerkki Matkapyoran /ukema tiedostonimi aloitus, m lopetus, m /uetut rivit virheet a/oitusaika /opetus kr23b Sa :571 I kr23b 45y :591 17:571

36 31 Appendix 1.12 r l.~t l'i SUOMEN MALMI OY KAIRANREIKIEN DIGITAAL/NEN KUVANTAMINEN OLKILUODOSSA 2003 Lokitiedosto kr24 _loki.xis Tyonumero: 2331 Reika Nro: KR24 Tiedosto: kr24_xxy Paivamaara: Mittaajat: JK,JM,ML 7.1oka ASETUKSET 22:27 Pikseleita kehalla Suljinaika 1/s Chroma% Valoteho% AGC pois pois GAMMA paalla paalla IMAGEENCH. pois pois Sampling Rgain Bgain 176 WCR Kaape/1- Matkapyoran merkki lukema tiedostonimi a/oitus, m lopetus, m /uetut rivit virheet a/oitusaika lopetus 120 kr24 119a : kr24 151a : kr24 201a : kr24 251a : kr24 301a : kr24 352a : kr24 403a : kr24 453a : kr24 504a :25 18: ei merkkia 290 ei merkkia huti 490 huti

37 32 Appendix 2 Raw data Corrected data Original depth interval Adjusted depth interval start (m) end (m) start (m) end (m) kr6_15a.rd kr6_15_20_final.wcl kr6_19a.rd kr6_19_39_final.wcl kr6_39a.rd kr6_39_1 OO_final.wcl kr6_1 OOa.rd kr6_1 00_150_final.wcl kr6_150a.rd kr6_150_198_final.wcl kr6_200a.rd kr6_199_249_final.wcl kr6_250a.rd kr6_249_299_final.wcl kr6_300a.rd kr6_298_348_final.wcl kr6_350a.rd kr6_348_398_final.wcl kr6_ 400a.rd kr6_397 _ 447 _final.wcl kr6_ 450a.rd kr6_ 447 _ 497 _final.wcl kr6_500a.rd kr6_ 496_549_final.wcl kr6_550a.rd kr6_546_600_final.wcl kr6_ 443y.rd not processed kr6_151y.rd not processed kr6_101y.rd not processed kr6_21y.rd not processed kr6_603y.rd not processed kr6_596y.rd not processed kr6_202a.rd not processed file corrupted kr6_215a.rd not processed kr6_228a.rd not processed kr6_290testi.rd not processed kr6_290a.rd not processed kr6_295a.rd not processed kr8_290a.rd kr8_288_ 350 _final. wcl kr8_352a.rd kr8_350_ 400_final.wcl kr8_ 402a.rd kr8_ 400_ 450_final.wcl kr8_ 453a.rd kr8_ 450_500_final.wcl kr8_504a.rd kr8_500_550_final.wcl kr8_554a.rd kr8_550_599_final.wcl kr19_ 40a.rd kr19_ 40_1 01_final.wcl kr19_1 01 a.rd kr19_ _final.wcl kr19_150a.rd kr19_150_200_final.wcl kr19_200a.rd kr19_200_250_final.wcl kr19_250a.rd kr19_ _final.wcl kr19_301 a.rd kr19_300_350_final.wcl kr19_302y.rd not processed kr19_351 a.rd kr19_350_ 400_final.wcl kr19_ 402a.rd kr19_ 400_ 447 _final.wcl kr19_ 450a.rd kr19_ 447 _500_final.wcl kr19_503a.rd kr19_ 449_537 _final.wcl kr19b_6a.rd kr19b_6_ 43_final.wcl kr19b_28y.rd not processed kr20_39a.rd not processed kr20_ 41 a.rd kr20_ 42_1 01_final.wcl kr20 _ 99a. rd kr20_1 00_151_final.wcl kr20_150a.rd kr20_150_200_final.wcl kr20_200a.rd kr20_199_249_final.wcl kr20_250a.rd kr20_250_300_final.wcl kr20_300a.rd kr20_300_349_final.wcl kr20 _ 350a. rd kr20 _ 349 _ 399 _final. wcl kr20 _ 400a. rd kr20_398_ 450_final.wcl kr20_ 452a.rd kr20_ 449_ 489_final.wcl kr20_290y.rd not processed kr20_289y.rd not processed kr20_ 45y.rd not processed

38 33 Appendix 2 Raw data Corrected data Original depth interval Adjusted depth interval start (m) end (m) start (m) end (m) kr20b_8a.rd kr20b_8_ 43_final.wcl kr21_101y.rd kr21_ 4_1 01_final.wcl kr21_196y.rd not processed kr21_197y.rd kr21_1 01_197 _final. we! kr21_280y.rd kr21_198_279_final.wcl kr21_286y.rd kr21_278_285_final.wcl kr22_39a.rd kr22_ 40_1 OO_final.wcl kr22_99a.rd kr22_1 00_150_final.wcl kr22_149a.rd kr22_150_200_final.wcl kr22_199a.rd kr22_199_21 O_final.wcl kr22_210y.rd not processed kr22_208yt.rd not processed kr22_207at.rd not processed kr22_209a.rd kr22_209_250_final.wcl kr22_249a.rd kr22_249_300_final.wcl kr22_299a.rd kr22_299_349_final.wcl kr22_348a.rd kr22_348_ 400_final.wcl kr22_ 400a.rd kr22_399_ 450_final.wcl kr22_ 450a.rd kr22_ 449_ 494_final.wcl kr22b_20a.rd kr22b_21_ 45_final.wcl kr23_ 40a.rd kr23_ 40_ 46_final.wcl kr23_ 45a.rd kr23_ 46_90_final.wcl kr23_90a.rd kr23_89_151_final.wcl kr23_151 a.rd kr23_151_181_final.wcl kr23_181y.rd not processed kr23_125a.rd not processed kr23_151 a.rd kr23_151_201_final.wcl kr23_202a.rd kr23_201_251_final.wcl kr23_252a.rd kr23_251_300_final.wcl kr23b_5a.rd kr23b_5_ 45_final.wcl kr23b_ 45y.rd not processed kr24_119a.rd kr24_120_152_final.wcl kr24_151 a.rd kr24_151_202_final.wcl kr24_201 a.rd kr24_201_252_final.wcl kr24_251 a.rd kr24_251_301_final.wcl kr24_301 a.rd kr24_300_350_final.wcl kr24_352a.rd kr24_351_ 401_final.wcl kr24_ 403a.rd kr24_ 401_ 451_final.wcl kr24_ 453a.rd kr24_ 451_501_final.wcl kr24_504a.rd kr24_501_548_final.wcl

39 34 Appendix 3 Depth 1m:250m KR20 Image I ~ :~ -=: ~ ~~~~ J ~~~-~~~~~~~~:;~ r---~---+~----~~-+~ I I 1 / I I ~ ~ ~------~ ~

40 35 Appendix 4 OBI 40 slimhole optical televiewer The tool generates a continuous oriented 360 image of the borehole wall using an optical imaging system. (downhole CCD camera which views a image of the borehole wall in a prism). The tool includes a orientation device consisting of a precision 3 axis magnetometer and 3 accelerometers thus allowing accurate borehole deviation data to be obtained during the same logging run (accurate and precise orientation of the image). Optical and acoustic televiewer data are complimentary tools especially when the purpose of the survey is structural analysis. A common data display option is the projection on a virtual core that can be rotated and viewed from any orientation. Actually, an optical televiewer image will complement and even replace coring survey and its associated problem of core recovery and orientation. The optical televiewer is fully downhole digital and can be run on any standard wireline (mono, four-conductor, sevenconductor). Resolution is user definable (up to O.Smm vertical resolution and 720 pixels azimuthal resolution) Ell!ii Advanced Logic Technology Batiment A, Route de Niederpallen, L-8506 Redange-sur-Attert. Grand-Duche de Luxembourg l i I T:(352) F:(352) sales@alt.lu

41 I OBI 40 slimhole opt ical televiewer 36 Applications: The purpo se of the optical imaging tool is to provide detailed, oriented, structural information. Possible applications are : fracture detection and evaluation detection of thin beds bedding dip lithological characterization casing inspection Technical specifications Diameter Length Weight Max temp Max pressure Borehole diameter Logging speed Cable: 40mm approx. 1.7m approx 7 kgs 5o c 200 bars 1 3/4" to 24" depending on borehole conditions variable function of resolution and wireline Cable type mono. four-conductor. seven-conductor Digital data transmi ssion up to 500 Kbps depending on wireline. realtime compressed Compatibility ALTiogger- ALT-Abox- Mount Sopris MgXI I (limited to 41 Kbps) sensor: Sensor type Optics Azimuthal resolution Vertical resolution Color resolution White balance: Aperture & Shutter Special functions Orientation Inclination accuracy Azimuth accuracy: downhole DSP based digital CCD camera plain polycarbonate con ic prism system user definable 90/180/360 or 720 pixels /360. user definable. depth or time sampling rate 24 bit RGB value automatic or user adjustable automatic or user adjustable User configurable real time digital edge enhancing User configurable ultra low light condition mode 3 axis magnetometer and 3 accelerometers. 0.5 degree 1.0 degree Logging parameters: 350 RGB orientated optical image Borehole azimuth and dip Tool internal Temperature The specifications are not contractual and are suqject to modification without notice. El l!ii Advanced Logic Technology ' i ~. ~ I J