Tarkastettavan psykologia
Kysymyksiä pohdittavaksi Miten tarkastuslentotilanne vaikuttaa suorituskykyyn? Miten tarkastuslentäjän tulisi huomioida tarkastustilanteen vaikutus tarkastettavaan?
Ihmisen tiedonkäsittelyn rajat 5-7 hahmotusyksikköä Mikäli ylittyy à informaatioylikuorma Presentation / Firstname Lastname 4.3.2014 3
Informaatioylikuorman välttäminen 1. Laajempien hahmotusyksiköiden muodostaminen 2. Vastaanotettavan tiedon valikointi (rajoittaminen) 3. Tauotus ja aikataulutus 4. Osataitojen automatisointi
Suorituskyky tarkastustilanteessa HUOMIOKYKY Kapasiteetti Tehtävälle jaettu huomio Huomion jakaminen (motivaatio) Suoritukseen panostamisen havaitut hyödyt Huomion suuntaaminen Tavoitteen asettaminen Ei-tehtävä Itsesäätely Teht. 1 Teht.k 2 Teht. N Palaute Suoritus
Miten tarkastuslentäjän tulisi huomioida tarkastustilanteen vaikutus tarkastettavaan? Ilmapiirin rakentaminen normaali lähtökohta lennolle Kuormittavuuden hallinta, realistisuus Suorituksen aikainen palautteen antaminen Presentation / Firstname Lastname 4.3.2014 6
It is the examiner s role to observe how the applicant manages the resources available to him to achieve a safe and uneventful flight. Flight Examiner s Manual (JAA) Ohjaamoyhteistyön arviointi
Kysymyksiä pohdittavaksi Mitä hyvä ohjaamoyhteistyö on? Miten ohjaamoyhteistyö näkyy? Millä kriteereillä suoritusta arvioidaan? Miten erottaa hyvä ja heikko suoritus? Mikä on hylätty suoritus?
Airmanship, CRM, TEM, Mitä hyvä ohjaamoyhteistyö on? Presentation / Firstname Lastname 4.3.2014 9
Non-technical skills the cognitive and social skills of flight crew members in the cockpit, not directly related to aircraft control, system management, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) (Avermaete, 1996) Presentation / Firstname Lastname maaliskuu 4, 2014 10
Behavioural markers Until recently the assessment of CRM training has lacked any formal measurement criteria resulting in subjective and extremely variable standards. Research into means of assessment has determined that acquired CRM skills are reflected in recognisable behaviours, whose characteristics are identifiable as measurable behavioural markers. (UK CAA Paper 98005 - Behavioural Markers for Crew Resource Management )
JAA Flight Examiner Manual FEM ver 18. http://www.jaa.nl/licensing/flight_examiners_manual.html Presentation / Firstname Lastname 4.3.2014 12
practical guide to the criteria to be considered by the examiner when assessing each item of JAR-FCL aeroplane/helicopter tests and checks. PHASE OF FLIGHT OBJECTIVE TECHNICAL PROCEDURAL NONTECHNICAL Title of assessed item taken from JAR-FCL schedule This cell describes that which is to be determined by the examiner. General This cell describes competence criteria that involve the applicant demonstrating knowledge and skills in operating systems or controlling the aeroplane This cell describes competence criteria in complying with procedures, operating manuals, ATC clearances, published procedures and checklists. This cell describes competence criteria encapsulated by Airmanship, CRM, decision making, awareness, threat and error management etc. Presentation / Firstname Lastname 4.3.2014 13
Appendix 9 to EASA FCL The applicant shall demonstrate the ability to: (a) (c) exercise good judgement and airmanship; (d) apply aeronautical knowledge; (e) maintain control of the aeroplane at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never in doubt; (f) understand and apply crew coordination and incapacitation procedures, if applicable; and (g) communicate effectively with the other crew members, if applicable. Presentation / Firstname Lastname 4.3.2014 14
Appendix 9 to EASA FCL The following matters shall be specifically checked by the examiner for applicants for the ATPL or a type rating for multipilot aircraft : (a) management of crew cooperation; (b) maintaining a general survey of the aircraft operation by appropriate supervision; and (c) setting priorities and making decisions in accordance with safety aspects and relevant rules and regulations appropriate to the operational situation, including emergencies. Presentation / Firstname Lastname 4.3.2014 15
Hyvä, heikko, hylätty? Errors in this area should not constitute reason for failure unless satisfactory achievement of the Objective or the safety of the flight are compromised. (JAA Examiner s manual) Presentation / Firstname Lastname 4.3.2014 16