SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

15 p=5.24e12 p=4.96e21 45 p=1.23e20 Grin length (mm) 10 5 Grin width (mm) 1000grin weight (g) 36 27 18 9 20 cm 0 BBB RW11 BBB RW11 0 BBB RW11 BBB RW11 Supplementry Figure 1 Phenotypes of BBB nd RW11. () Gross morphology of BBB nd RW11. () Sttisticl dt of the grin length, grin width, nd 1,000grin weight of BBB nd RW11. The vlues re expressed s the mens s.d. (n = 30). p vlues were clculted y ttest. NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 1

RW11 X BBB Primry mpping F 1 X BBB F 2 BC 1 F 1 X BBB MAS BC 2 F 1 X BBB MAS BC 3 F 1 X BBB BC 3 F 2 BC 4 F 1 X BBB Fine mpping BC 3 F 3 BC 9 F 2 NILGL2 Supplementry Figure 2 Constructing process of the nerisogenic line NILGL2 nd the mpping popultion. Blue color mrks the popultions nd the NIL line mentioned in the text. 2 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Fresh weight of 1000 grins (g) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 BBB NILGL2 0 1 4 5 8 11 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 Dys fter fertiliztion (DAF) Dry weight of 1000 grins (g) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 BBB NILGL2 0 1 4 5 8 11 14 15 19 20 21 22 23 24 Dys fter fertiliztion (DAF) Supplementry Figure 3 Comprison of the grinfilling processes etween BBB nd NILGL2. () The increse curve of fresh weight of 1,000 grins fter fertiliztion. () The increse curve of dry weight of 1,000 grins fter fertiliztion. The vlues re expressed s the mens s.d. (n = 60). NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 3

Supplementry Figure 4 Phylogenetic tree of the GRF fmily memers in rice nd Aridopsis. MEGA6 NeighorJoining tree ws inferred from the mino cid sequences of the GRF4 homologs in rice nd Aridopsis. Bootstrp vlues re sed on 1,000 replictions nd indicted in their respective nodes. 4 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Bright Field GFP Merge 35S:GFP 35S: GRF4GFP Supplementry Figure 5 Sucellulr locliztion of GRF4 in tocco epidermis cells. 35S:GFP empty vector ws used s control. NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 5

Reltive expression 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04 husk pnicle ** ** 0.00 BBB NILGL2 Supplementry Figure 6 GRF4/GL2 hs higher expression level in the grin husk thn in the whole pnicle. Pnicles in 20 cm length were used to isolte grin husk nd for the qrtpcr nlysis. p < 0.01 (ttest). 6 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

OsGRF4 QLQ WRC T BBB NILGL2 5 5 mir396 trget site AACCGTTCAAGAAAGCCTGTGGAAA AACCGTAAAAGAAAGCCTGTGGAAA mir396c mir396dh 3 3 GUCAAGUUCUUUCGACACCUU GCAAGUUCUUUCGGACACCUU Supplementry Figure 7 Schemtic digrm of mir396 trgeting sequence in GRF4. NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 7

p=8.96e10 p=1.25 Grin length (mm) Grin length (mm) NP m107 NP m107 p=5.62e12 Grin width (mm) Grin width (mm) p=0.85 NP 5 mm 5 mm m107 ZH11 Gi2 ZH11 Gi2 ZH11 Gi2 Supplementry Figure 8 Grin phenotypes of BRccumulted plnt m107 nd enhncedbrsignling plnt Gi2. () m107 is mutnt with D11 gene ctivted, D11 encodes BRiosynthesis gene. () Gi2 is GSK2RNAi line. ZH11, Zhonghu 11, is the wild type of Gi2. The vlues re expressed s the mens s.d. (n = 20). p vlues were clculted y ttest. 8 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

2nd lef sheth rtio Internode elongtion (cm) 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 BBB NILGL2 10 2.5 0 0.1 1 BRZ BL Coleoptile length (cm) 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 BBB ** 5 * 4 3 2 1 0 NILGL2 BBB NILGL2 Supplementry Figure 9 Effects of rssinolide (BL), rssinzole (BRZ), nd drk condition on BBB nd NILGL2 growth. () Rtios of the 2 nd lef sheth length etween plnts with chemicl tretment nd nontretment were clculted nd shown. Note: exogenous BL inhiits lef sheth elongtion. () Comprison of the coleoptile nd the internode elongtion of BBB nd NILGL2 under drk condition. Plnts were grown in complete drkness for one week. The vlues re expressed s the mens s.d. (n = 12 in, n = 10 in ). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (ttest). NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 9

DWARF 0.0007 D2 0.12 Reltive expression Reltive expression 0.0006 0.0005 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 CS content (ng.g 1 F.W.) 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.0001 0.02 0.0000 0 BBB NILGL2 BBB NILGL2 BBB NILGL2 Supplementry Figure 10 Comprison of BR iosynthesis in BBB nd NILGL2. () Expression of the BR iosynthetic genes. () BR quntifiction in the pnicles of BBB nd NILGL2. CS is one of the undnt ctive BR forms tht cn e detected. The vlues re expressed s the mens s.d. (n = 3). p vlues were clculted y ttest. 10 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Supplementry Figure 11 Comprison of the GA sensitivity of BBB nd NILGL2. Seeds were pretreted with 10 M pcloutrzol for 2 dys to inhiit the endogenous GA iosynthesis, nd then grew on gr medium supplemented with vrious concentrtions of GA 3 for 1 week. The vlues re expressed s the mens s.d. (n = 12). NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 11

BBB<1 NILGL2 Reltive expression GL2 GA2ox1 GA2ox3 GA2ox6 Supplementry Figure 12 Expression of GA metolic genes in BBB nd NILGL2. Young pnicles with length < 1 cm were used s mterils. The vlues re expressed s the mens s.d. (n = 3). 12 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Numer of DEGs 160 120 80 40 0 3000 134 2569 2000 80 1365 1000 0 Seedling Pnicle BBB vs NILGL2 up regulted down regulted DEGs with pthwy nnottion 157 11 33 13 23 17 6 27 23 20 66 BBB vs NILGL2 28 28 21 24 Plnt hormone signl trnsduction Strch nd sucrose metolism Photosynthesis ntenn proteins DNA repliction Cron fixtion in photosynthetic orgnisms Bse excision repir Pyruvte metolism Glyoxylte nd dicroxylte metolism Ascorte nd ldrte metolism Cysteine nd methionine metolism Protesome Ftty cid iosynthesis Glctose metolism Citrte cycle (TCA cycle) Anthocynin iosynthesis Supplementry Figure 13 Distriution of DEGs in BBB vs NILGL2 RNAseq nlysis. () DEG (>2 fold) numers of NILGL2 compred to BBB. () Enriched DEG numers with nnottion in known pthwys. NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 13

Top 20 Sttistics of Pthwy Enrichment for BBBvsNILGL2 Top 20 Sttistics of Pthwy Enrichment for NPvsm107 GL2 BL BL m107 GL2 m107 3144 990 3293 731 3052 2654 818 Supplementry Figure 14 Enrichment nlysis of the DEGs from NILGL2 vs BBB, m107 vs NP, nd BL tretment vs wild type. () DEGs of oth NILGL2 nd m107 enriched plnt hormone signling pthwy s the top nnotted pthwy s mrked y the red oxes. () Overlpping nlysis of the DEGs from the three groups. BL 14 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Leu Trp Leu Trp Ade His Leu Trp Leu Trp Ade His BD+AD BD+AD GRF4ΔT+AD OsGIF1N+BD OsGIF2N+BD GRF4ΔT+AD SLR1+BD SLR1+GRF4ΔT OsGIF3+BD GRF4ΔT+OsGIF1N GRF4ΔT+OsGIF2N GRF4ΔT+OsGIF3 Supplementry Figure 15 Interction etween GRF4 nd GIF memers nd SLR1 in yest. () GRF4 intercts with three GIF memers in yest. () GRF4 intercts with SLR1 in yest. NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 15

GSTGSK2 GST MBPGRF4 (2 μg) MBPGRF4 (5 μg) MBP + + + + + + + + + + + + M 1 2 3 4 5 6 MBPGRF4 MBP MBPGRF4 GSTGSK2 MBP GST GST pull down, αmbp Supplementry Figure 16 Whole imge of GSTpull down ssy nd the indiction of the protein loding for the ssy. () GSTpull down nlysis of GSK2GRF4 interction. () Coomssie lue stining of proteins used for pull down nlysis in (). Lnes 1 to 6 of () correspond to the six lnes in (). M, protein size mrker with the size from top to down, 130, 100,70, 55, 45, 35, nd 25 kd. 16 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Supplementry Figure 17 Originl lotting imge of the CoIP nlysis. () A smll mount of the diluted input proteins were loded s references. () Detection of the input proteins for loding control. NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 17

5 mm ZH11 BBB Go3 NILGL2 Go3 NILGL2 Grin length (mm) 12 9 6 3 c d c 0 Supplementry Figure 18 Genetic nlysis of GSK2 nd GL2. () Seed morphology comprison of ZH11 (the wild type of Go3), BBB, Go3, NILGL2 nd Go3 NILGL2 doule mutnt. () Sttisticl dt of the different lines nlyzed in (). Vlues re shown s mens s.d. (n = 15). Different letters ove the columns indicte sttisticlly significnt differences etween groups (Tukey s honestly significnt difference test, p < 0.05). Go3, GSK21 overexpression line (GSK21 is ginoffunction version of GSK2). 18 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

BRs BRs mir396 GSK2 SLR1 mir396 GSK2 SLR1 GRF4 GL2 Limited function BR responses Vegettive tissues Reproductive tissues GA iosynthesis Cell expnsion & Grin filling GA inctivtion Enhnced vegettive growth Enlrged grin size Unltered culm length Supplementry Figure 19 Proposed model for GL2 functionl mechnism. () GRF4 is repressed t multiple lyers nd hs limited function. () GL2 escpes from mir396 repression nd modertely ctivtes BR responses. NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 19

10 cm 10 cm 10 cm c Lef length (cm) 60 50 40 30 20 10 p=4.56e6 p=1.32e7 p=1.81e11 Lef width (cm) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 p=0.154 p=0.136 p=0.120 BBB NILGL2 BBB NILGL2 1st flg lef BBB NILGL2 2nd lef BBB NILGL2 3rd lef 0 1st 2nd 3rd 0.0 1st 2nd 3rd Supplementry Figure 20 Germintion nd lef size of BBB nd NILGL2. () Seeds were soked in wter for two dys t 37 o C. () Lef morphology of BBB nd NILGL2. The top three leves were shown. (c) Sttisticl dt of the lef length nd width of BBB nd NILGL2. The vlues re expressed s the mens s.d. (n = 30). p vlues were clculted y ttest. 20 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

NILgl2/GS3 5 mm NILGL2/GS3 NILgl2/gs3 NILGL2/gs3 Grin length (mm) 15 10 5 0 c Grin width (mm) 4 3 2 1 0 c d 1000grin weight (g) 40 30 20 10 0 c d Supplementry Figure 21 Effect of GL2 nd GS3 comintion on grin size. () Effects of different genotypes comintion of GL2 nd GS3 on grin size. () Sttisticl dt of the grin size of plnts with different genotypes of GL2 nd GS3. The vlues re expressed s the mens s.d. (n = 30). Different letters ove the columns indicte sttisticlly significnt differences etween groups (Tukey s honestly significnt difference (HSD) test, p < 0.05) NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 21

Supplementry Tle 1 Sttisticl dt of NILGL2 gronomic trits. The vlues re expressed s the mens ± s.d. (n = 30). p vlues were clculted y ttest nlysis. Trit BBB NILGL2 p vlue Grin length (mm) 7.85±0.322 9.74±0.323 1.71E18 Grin width (mm) 2.72±0.107 3.15±0.09 2.06E14 1,000grin weight (g) 19.38±0.746 24.64±2.27 6.54E10 Pnicle length (cm) 20.78±1.26 22.12±1.11 1.06E07 No. of the primry rnches 10.97±0.71 11.16±0.833 0.241 No. of the secondry rnches 29.13±4.01 28.71±4.01 0.691 No. of grins per pnicle 146.32±18.58 151±18.15 0.046 Seed setting (%) 91.10±7.28 82.47±8.44 1.78E13 Tiller numer 9.39±2.36 10.78±2.58 0.004 Lef length (cm) 37.23±3.34 43.83±5.96 4.56E06 Lef width (cm) 1.62±0.068 1.59±0.092 0.154 Plnt height (cm) 72.95±2.38 73.02±2.50 0.891 Yield per plnt (g) 19.94±4.71 23.24±5.84 0.05E2 22 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Supplementry Tle 2 GA quntifiction in BBB nd NILGL2 using oneweek seedling shoot s mterils. The vlues re expressed s the mens ± s.d. (n = 3); GA 1 GA 8 GA 19 GA 20 GA 29 GA 44 GA 53 BBB 0.58±0.03 1.44±0.04 10.30±0.81 0.39±0.04 0.26±0.01 0.82±0.11 1.68±0.01 NILGL2 0.86±0.02 2.57±0.13 11.92±0.88 0.56±0.01 0.27±0.02 0.89±0.21 1.65±0.05 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 23

Supplementry Tle 3 GA quntifiction in BBB nd NILGL2 using young pnicles (<1 cm in length) s mterils. The vlues re expressed s the mens ± s.d. (n = 3); ; n.d., not detected. GA 1 GA 4 GA 9 GA 12 GA 15 GA 51 GA 24 BBB 0.19±0.01 0.03±0.00 0.08±0.01 1.54±0.08 1.21±0.09 0.10±0.01 0.38±0.01 NILGL2 0.09±0.01 n.d. 0.05±0.01 0.86±0.03 0.47±0.02 0.10±0.01 0.21±0.01 24 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Supplementry Tle 4 Expression of DEGs in NILGL2/BBB with nnottion s expnsin, extensin, nd kinesin in m107/np nd BL/NP groups. The regultion folds re expressed s Log2 vlues. Red numers indicte the increse fold is less thn 2, or the regultion is not significnt (FDR < 0.001). Yellow color indictes the DEGs re from NILGL2/BBB seedlings. Expnsin BBBVSNILGL2 NPVSm107 NPVSBL LOC_Os02g44108 4.03 2.72 3.45 LOC_Os05g39990 2.33 0.28 0.80 LOC_Os02g51040 1.78 5.40 3.59 LOC_Os04g44780 1.39 3.33 2.62 LOC_Os06g50960 1.38 0.71 0.40 LOC_Os03g01270 1.22 1.44 1.03 LOC_Os03g21820 1.16 3.90 3.33 LOC_Os06g41700 1.13 4.02 3.12 LOC_Os02g42650 3.60 9.79 9.98 LOC_Os03g60720 2.37 11.16 10.28 Extensin BBBVSNILGL2 NPVSm107 NPVSBL LOC_Os10g05950 3.87 10.36 10.75 LOC_Os09g32988 3.13 2.25 0.80 LOC_Os06g49100 1.19 5.91 4.90 LOC_Os03g14140 1.17 6.18 7.09 LOC_Os10g05990 1.15 9.48 9.83 LOC_Os12g28770 1.11 1.52 1.79 LOC_Os10g05980 1.37 10.64 10.84 LOC_Os10g05950 5.40 10.36 10.75 LOC_Os07g47750 1.30 4.69 3.38 Kinesin BBBVSNILGL2 NPVSm107 NPVSBL LOC_Os02g13570 3.40 3.49 1.42 LOC_Os02g13580 3.12 1.64 0.54 LOC_Os01g42070 2.13 3.97 2.32 LOC_Os11g44880 2.09 0.43 0.42 LOC_Os02g12200 1.96 1.21 1.62 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 25

LOC_Os07g01490 1.95 2.74 0.97 LOC_Os01g33040 1.91 5.05 2.90 LOC_Os10g36880 1.86 2.22 1.91 LOC_Os12g36100 1.85 4.23 2.11 LOC_Os11g35090 1.85 2.45 0.81 LOC_Os12g42160 1.75 3.81 2.15 LOC_Os02g50910 1.73 4.19 2.52 LOC_Os02g56540 1.65 4.25 2.34 LOC_Os03g39020 1.64 3.96 2.31 LOC_Os04g53760 1.58 1.25 0.94 LOC_Os03g02290 1.56 3.07 1.10 LOC_Os12g39980 1.56 7.19 5.62 LOC_Os02g28850 1.55 2.53 0.72 LOC_Os03g05820 1.54 1.13 0.78 LOC_Os05g02670 1.47 1.88 1.65 LOC_Os04g30720 1.46 2.62 0.00 LOC_Os08g44420 1.45 3.98 2.12 LOC_Os03g53920 1.42 3.35 1.57 LOC_Os05g33030 1.36 3.22 1.98 LOC_Os07g44400 1.30 2.07 1.32 LOC_Os03g56260 1.27 1.50 1.06 LOC_Os01g14090 1.27 1.17 0.50 LOC_Os11g06910 1.21 0.99 0.42 LOC_Os11g42800 1.13 1.95 2.12 LOC_Os05g38480 1.08 4.81 3.14 LOC_Os09g25380 1.07 3.71 2.84 LOC_Os04g28260 1.00 3.28 1.96 26 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Supplementry Tle 5 Primers used for mpping nlysis. Nme Forwrd primer (5 3 ) Reverse primer (5 3 ) RM13617 ACCATATAGCGTGTATGCAACC TGCACACATGTACACAGTACACC RM13626 CCTTGAATGAAGAGGATGATGC TTTGTAGGAGAACACGTGACAGC RM13629 GAAGAACACCATAGCTGCAGAGG TTCAAGAACAGAGCTAGGGACACC RM13636 GATGCAGGCTTTGACTCTACAGG GGCGAGTACAATACAGGCTCTCG RM13642 ATATGGATACAGGCCAGCATTGG CTGAGCCATCAAGTGCCTTTCC RM13647 AAGGCATACGGAGCACGACTGC ACTACGTGGACCGTTGGTGATACG RM13787 TCCCGCTTCGACTTCTTTCTCTTCC CGTTAGGAGAAGAGCCGGAGATTGG RM13788 ATCCAAGTACTTCGCCAGCTTCC GTCCTCCTTGGTGATGAGCTTCC RM13791 CACAAGGCTTTCAGGCGTTTGC ACTCGTGTCCACTGGCCTTCG RM13792 ATGGCGATTGAAGCAAGAAACC GTTGTTTGCAAGGAAGGTAGATGC RM13794 CATGCACTGACGTAATGCAGACC TCTGACATGAGCTGTGGAGAAGG RM13799 CCTAGGTTCCCATCGCAACTGACC TTCCCGAGGAGGGAGACGAAGG RM13803 ACTCCCTAGAACTCGACGATGAGG GATACCGCCCAAGGAAGAAGC RM13808 TCACATTCGCAGGAGTTCAGC GTTGATGACTTAGCAATGCTCTCG RM13819 CACACTCCTGTCCTTTCCATTCC AGGAGTTCTTGCTTGGAAGATGG RM13822 TTGCCGGACCAATCAAAGATGG AGACCGAGCAGAGCAATCAGACTCC RM13825 ATCTCTGATCGATGAAGACTGC CAATCATAGCGTAATGGAGTGC RM13833 CCAGTTGGTGACAGAATTGAATGG GGACGGAGGAAGTATGTCTGTATGG RM13838 CCCAACTGCTAGGTTTCTGATCC ACTGTGTTACTGTGTGCCGTTGC RM13840 CGGTCTTTAGTAATGGTGCTTTGC GAGGCAGGTGTTTGTCGTCTAGC RM8248 GCGAACAGACTAGCCAGACAACC ATATTGTAACAGTGCCGCTGTGC RM13851 TCGAATCTTGGAGCCCATACTCC ACGTGTGCAAGAGAAATGTGTGG RM13854 CGTCAGTAATGGCGGATCTTGC CTTCGCTATCACCGAAGGAACC RM13860 GCAGCCACGCCGAGATTAGC ATTACGCGCAAACGAACGATGC RM13874 CCAGGCTGCCCACACTATTGG TTGAGATGATCAGGCTCCTAACTGC RM13883 CAGGATCTGCAGGATGGTCTGC AGACGTCGTACACCGACATCATCG RM13894 ACGTCTTCCTCCGCCTGATCC GATTTCCTCGGTCTCGGTCTCG RM13902 GGACGAGTCAAGTTTGGTCAACG GGAGTGAGTAGCAGAGCGAGAGTAGC RM13904 TTGCATTTAGGCAACTGGCAAGG AGCGTCTTTGCGTTGGTTTGG RM13912 TTCCGTGGAAGATTCTCGATACC GCTAGCCTACACAACGCAAATCC NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 27

RM13923 GCGAGTAGAACGGAGGCAATCC GAACACCATCGCCGTCATAAACC RM13927 CTCCGTCCTCTTATCTAATACTCTCC GCTACATACCAGAGTACTACCAGTGC RM530 TTCTTTATTCCCTCGCACTGACC CAATGATGCCACAAACCGTAACC RM3316 CGCATTTGAAACTGGAAACTCG GGACGAATACTGATATGGATGACTCC RM8248 GCGAACAGACTAGCCAGACAACC ATATTGTAACAGTGCCGCTGTGC GLS1 AGATGATCCATCGAACCTGA GGTGTGGGTATTAGTGGGAGT GLS8 TTGTCAATTGCTCAATCCAG TTAGCAACCAATCCTCCTTG GLS17 CTTCGGATCGATTTGTTACG TGCCAAGTTGTTGTATCGTG GLS18 TCGTGTCAGTTTCTTGCTCA GCTTTTGTAGAATGCGATGG GLS22 GCACCTTATTTTTCGCATGA CGTTGCAACCATACATTGAA GLS46 GGTTGTCCCATCAATCAAAG GCGGTTCATGGATGAATTT GLS49 CAGAAACAGGACGAAGAGGA AGCGCTTTTCTCCCTTGTAT GLS85 TCGGATATACGAGGCTGTTC CGAAGAAAGAAGTGGACGAA GLS87 AAAACTCCCTCCAACCAAAC TCTGTTCCCCCATACTACCA GLS90 TTTTTACCGTGCTCCTAACC TCCTATACGGACTCCTCTTTCA GLS91 CCAAAGGGACATGAGTTACG GGGAAAAGATGTTCGGATTT 28 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Supplementry Tle 6 Primers used for vector construction nd PCR nlysis. Primer nme Sequence (5 3 ) Purpose PFLGL21F GGATCCCGGTCTACTTGATGGAACAG Trnsgenic construct PFLGL21R AAGCTTGTTGCTGCACTGATGTTGAC Trnsgenic construct RiGL21F CTCGAGAGACCTCGCTGATGAGAATG Trnsgenic construct RiGL21R GGATCCCAAATCTGACAGGGGAACAC Trnsgenic construct RiGL22F CTCGAGATGGCGATGCCGTATGCCT Trnsgenic construct RiGL22R GGATCCGTACGGACCATATCCAAGG Trnsgenic construct GL2flgF CACGGGGGACTCTAGAATGGCGATGCCGTATGCCT Trnsgenic construct GL2flgR CTCGAGATCCTCTAGAGTCACCATTAGTTGATCGA Trnsgenic construct GL2gfpF CCGGGGATCCTCTAGAATGGCGATGCCGTATGCCT Trnsgenic construct GL2gfpR TAGTGTCGACTCTAGAGTCACCATTAGTTGATCGA Trnsgenic construct 7mGL21F CGCTCCAGGAAACCGGTCGAGACGCAGCTGGTCGCCCAGT Trnsgenic construct 7mGL21R CTCGACCGGTTTCCTGGAGCGGTTGCGGCCGCGGTGCATGT Trnsgenic construct 396ox1F ATCCTCTAGAGTCGACATCGATCTGGCCCTCTTTGT Trnsgenic construct 396ox1R ATGCCTGCAGGTCGACAGATTTGGTCTCTCTCTGCA Trnsgenic construct 396ox1F ATCCTCTAGAGTCGACCAAAAGAAGATGGTCCTCTT Trnsgenic construct 396ox1R ATGCCTGCAGGTCGACCTGTCAATTGACCTCTCTCT Trnsgenic construct 396cox1F ATCCTCTAGAGTCGACCTGAATTCAAAGTCCTTGTA Trnsgenic construct 396cox1R ATGCCTGCAGGTCGACTCGATCTCTTCAAGTCCATG Trnsgenic construct 396dox1F ATCCTCTAGAGTCGACGTACAGCGAGTGGTTCTGGA Trnsgenic construct 396dox1R ATGCCTGCAGGTCGACGTACTGTGAGCGACACATGC Trnsgenic construct GIF1NADF GGAGGCCAGTGAATTCATGCAGCAGCAGATG Y2H construct GIF1NADR CACCCGGGTGGAATTCCCCAGCACCTGGGGTAGCA Y2H construct GIF1CADF GGAGGCCAGTGAATTCCATTACATGTCCCAAGTA Y2H construct GIF1CADR CACCCGGGTGGAATTCGGACTTCTCCGCTATGTCA Y2H construct GIF2NADF GGAGGCCAGTGAATTCATGCAGCAGCAGCCG Y2H construct GIF2NADR CACCCGGGTGGAATTCCGACATGTATTGCCCCCCTA Y2H construct GIF2CADF GGAGGCCAGTGAATTCCAGGTGCCAATGTTC Y2H construct GIF2CADR CACCCGGGTGGAATTCGGATTGATCGCCGAAGTCGCT Y2H construct GIF3NADF GGAGGCCAGTGAATTCATGCAGCAGCAACAC Y2H construct GIF3NADR CACCCGGGTGGAATTCCGCCCCGGACTGC Y2H construct NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 29

GIF3CADF GGAGGCCAGTGAATTCAGGTACATGCCGCAGC Y2H construct GIF3CADR CACCCGGGTGGAATTCGCTGCCTTCCTCCTCGGTGC Y2H construct GRF4QBDF CATGGAGGCCGAATTCATGGCGATGCCGTATGCCT Y2H construct GRF4QBDR GGATCCCCGGGAATTCGTACGGACCATATCCAAGG Y2H construct GRF4WBDF CATGGAGGCCGAATTCTTCGGCAAGAAGCTGGACC Y2H construct GRF4WBDR GGATCCCCGGGAATTCTCTTGTGCCATAAGCAGTA Y2H construct GRF4TBDF CATGGAGGCCGAATTCTCTTTGGCGGATGAGCAGA Y2H construct GRF4TBDR GGATCCCCGGGAATTCGTCACCATTAGTTGATCGA Y2H construct GRF4CBDR CATGGAGGCCGAATTCGCATCCTCTGACTTCTCGG Y2H construct GL24DBF TGTATCGCCGTCTAGAATGGCGATGCCGTATGCCT Effector construct GL24DBR ATCCACTAGTTCTAGAGTCACCATTAGTTGATCGA Effector construct qgl21f AGACCTCGCTGATGAGAATG QPCR qgl21r AGCAACAAGGCCAGTATGAG QPCR qgl22f GTGACCTTGGTCAGAACACC QPCR qgl22r ATTCTCATCAGCGAGGTCTG QPCR UiRTF CCCTCCACCTCGTCCTCAG QPCR UiRTR AGATAACAACGGAAGCATAAAAGTC QPCR OS02g44108F GGTCTCTGCATTCCCCTAGT QPCR OS02g44108R ATCGGCATGCAACATTAGTT QPCR Os02g51040F AAGGCTGTGGCTTGATTGACA QPCR Os02g51040R TTAGGCCCAATTTTGCTATTTTG QPCR Os03g01270F ACGGTGATCATCACGGACAT QPCR Os03g01270R TCGAAGTGGTACAGCGACACT QPCR Os03g21820F CCAATCGGTGTTTAGTGAGG QPCR Os03g21820R CATTTACTCATGCCACATGC QPCR Os04g44780PF CCCCCTCGAGGTCGACGTCATTGACCAAGGATCGAG QPCR Os04g44780PR TTGGCGTCTTCCATGGTGGAGTTGGGAGAGTTGGTA QPCR Os06g41700PF CCCCCTCGAGGTCGACAGGCCTAGCACGAATGTAGA QPCR Os06g41700PR TTGGCGTCTTCCATGGACTGGAATCGTGGGTAGTCA QPCR OS06g50960F GGAGAGGAGGAAGAGCTCAG QPCR OS06g50960R AGCGTATTGACTCCCTCCTT QPCR Os03g01270F ACGGTGATCATCACGGACAT QPCR 30 NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts

Os03g01270R TCGAAGTGGTACAGCGACACT QPCR Os04g49410F TGACCAACTACAACGTGGTCCC QPCR Os04g49410R GCCAGTGTATGTTTTGCCGAAG QPCR OsGA20ox1F AATGAGCATGGTGGTGCAGCAGGAGCAG QPCR OsGA20ox1R GTTAACCACCAGGAAGAAGCCGTGCCTC QPCR OsGA20ox2F TACTACAGGGAGTTCTTCGCGGACAGCA QPCR OsGA20ox2R TGTGCAGGCAGCTCTTATACCTCCCGTT QPCR OsGA3ox2F TCTCCAAGCTCATGTGGTCCGAGGGCTA QPCR OsGA3ox2R TGGAGCACGAAGGTGAAGAAGCCCGAGT QPCR OsGA2ox3F CAGAGGATTGCACCATTGCCAC QPCR OsGA2ox3R GTCGTTGTTGCTTGACCGGC QPCR GA2ox1F TTGGTGATGTCCTCCAGGCTCTG QPCR GA2ox1R CGGAGTGAGTACATTGTCGTCTTGT QPCR GA2ox6F GACGACGTGCTTCCTGCGGCTCAA QPCR GA2ox6R CTCCACGCTCTTGTACCTGT QPCR D2F AGCTGCCTGGCACTAGGCTCTACAGATCAC QPCR D2R ATGTTGTCGGAGATGAGCTCGTCGGTGAGC QPCR D11F TTGGGTCATGGCATGGCAAGAGCAAGGA QPCR D11R TTGTTGCTGGAGCCAGCATTCCTCCTCT QPCR GSPR GTCACCATTAGTTGATCGA RACE NESTGSPR GTCACCATTAGTTGATCGA RACE Q396F AACTGCACGCATGATGAATA QPCR Q396R CTGCTCTCTCTGATGCCAAT QPCR Q396F TTTGTGGTCTTCCACAGCTT QPCR Q396R CTCTGTAATTTCCCACAGCTT QPCR Q396cF TGCCATTTCTTCCCACAG QPCR Q396cR TTGTGCCTCACTCACTTTCA QPCR Q396dF TACAGCGAGTGGTTCTGGA QPCR Q396dR TTCAAGAAAGCCTGTGGAAG QPCR NATURE PLANTS www.nture.com/ntureplnts 31