Trends in Construction Management and Economics

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1 Trends in Construction Management and Economics Professor (act.), Dr Arto Saari Aalto University School of Engineering Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Arto Saari World population will increase rapidly Arto Saari

2 A huge construction need and potential People move to cities By 2025 there will be almost 30 megacities in the world > Huge need of new buildings and infrastructure (e.g. high rise residential buildings, public buildings,..) Also on Finland people move to metropolitan area > A lack of builtable sites > High prices > Construction procuctiveness should be increased Arto Saari Constructability (CII, US, 1986) The optimum integration of construction knowledge and experience in planning, engineering, procurement, and field operations to achieve overall project objectives Rakennettavuus on tiedon ja kokemuksen optimaalinen yhdistäminen kaikissa rakentamisen vaiheissa projektin tavoitteiden kokonaisvaltaiseksi saavuttamiseksi. Arto Saari

3 RYM/PRE/BIMCON An on going research project at the Aalto University, School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Subject area: A BIM based cooperative constructability development model Main objectives clarify the definition and concept of constructability in Finland buildability and constructability factors constructability assessment methods development and implementation of constructability in a construction project to clarify the use of BIM in a constructability review process facilitate the development of constructability teamwork between design and construction parties Arto Saari RYM/PRE/BIMCON: The research and development of constructability (using BIM as an intensifying technology) On going research project at the Aalto University, School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Reseach team: Dr Jari Puttonen, Professor Dr Arto Saari, Professor Mr. Matti Tauriainen, Doctoral Student, M.Sc. Mr. Mikko Raikaa, (Master s Thesis, 2011) Ms. Anna Kaisa Mero, (Master s Thesis, 2012) Mr. Aamos Lemström, (Master s Thesis, 2012) Mr. Patrik Laakso, (Master s Thesis, 2012) Mr. Kasperi Koivu, (forthcoming Master s Thesis, 2013) Ms. Kati Forsblom, (forthcoming Master s Thesis, 2013) Arto Saari

4 BIMCON: The Buildability Measurement Process Prioritization of the structural components Making the necessary adjudsments to the information model Identifying the buildability factors Gathering the information from the information model Processing the information Buildability score Approval of the designs Prioritization of the buildability factors Lähde: Laakso Arto Saari Higher buildings in Finland Tero Luoma, DI työ, Aalto yliopisto 2012 Arto Saari

5 Industrial building renovation methods TES Project, Aalto University 2011 Arto Saari Module based construction Neapo Oy Arto Saari

6 Building Information Modeling (BIM) Structural model (Tekla Sructures model 4/2011, Puijonsarvi School, Kuopio). Arto Saari RYM SHOK/PRE project/model Nova 2011 Mechanical model (Solibri Model Checker model 4/2011, Martti Ahtisaari School, First floor, Kuopio). Arto Saari

7 RYM SHOK/PRE project/model Nova 2011 Integrated BIM model (Solibri Model Checker model 4/2011, Martti Ahtisaari School, Kuopio). Arto Saari Seppo Niemioja Arto Saari

8 (Eastman et al. 2008) BIM require early participation of contractors. Traditional design bid build approach limits that. Benefits can ideally be achieved by developing model in house with subcontractors an fabricators and also Arto in Saari IPD/Alliance modes. 15 Alliance An on going Finnish project example:lielahti Kokemäki railway conrtruction project (Liikennevirasto, 2011) Hankintailmoitus julkaistu Osallistumishakemusten jättö Vaihe 1 Tarjousaika Vaihe 2 Vaihe 3 Vaihe 4 KAS Allianssi käynnistyy Ehdokkaat laativat osallistumishakemukset Osallistumishakemusten käsittely ja kelpoisuusvaatimukset täyttävien tarjoajien valinta Kahdenkeskiset keskustelut tarjoajien kanssa Päätös tarjoajista Tarjouspyynnön lähetys tarjoajille Tarjoajat laativat tarjouksensa ja valmentavat organisaationsa valintamenettelyyn ja allianssin muodostamiseen. Tarjoajat jättävät tarjouksensa Tarjousten selonotto ja arviointi sekä alustava pisteytys Tarjoajakohtaiset haastattelut Tarjousten lopullinen pisteytys sekä kahden parhaan tarjoajan valinta Tarjoajan talousjärjestelmien tarkastus Tarjoajan kustannuslaskentajärjestelmän tarkistaminen Päätös kahdesta parhaasta tarjoajasta ja valinnasta vaiheeseen 3 Kehitystyöpajat molempien tarjoajien kanssa Kaupalliset ja sopimusneuvottelutmol empien tarjoajien kanssa Tarjoajat esittävät hintatarjouksen Tarjousten lopullinen arviointi ja pisteytys Kehitysvaiheen Allianssisopimuksen viimeistely Kehitysvaiheen Allianssisopimuksen (KAS) allekirjoitus Parhaan tarjoajan valinta ja hankintapäätös Arto Saari

9 3 osianen kaupallinen malli. (Liikenneveirasto ja Sweco PM Oy, 2011) Arto Saari RYM SHOK/PRE project/bimcon D CAD tools allow the contractor to simulate and evaluate construction plan alternatives Objects in the building model should be grouped according to the phases of construction and linked to appropriate activities in a project schedule. Arto Saari

10 RYM SHOK/PRE project/ BIMCON 2011 The excavation areas and temporary structures should be included in the model. That s why contractor knowledge is beneficial when defining a building model. Arto Saari RYM SHOK/PRE project/model Nova 2011 Examples of clash detection Solibri Model Checker model 4/2011, Martti Ahtisaari School, Kuopio. Arto Saari

11 Esimerkki tietomallista saatavasta raudoiteluettelosta ja raudoituksista (Lähde Tekla) Arto Saari BIM provides benefits for contractors: Clash detection Quantity takeoff and cost estimating Construction analysis and planning Integration with cost and schedule control Offside fabrication Verification, guidance, and tracking of construction activities Arto Saari

12 YLLÄPITOMALLI Huoltokirja Arto Saari Jenni Korpela, M Sc Thesis, Aalto University 2011 Arto Saari

13 Summary of BIM BIM would improve design and construction, and fabrication productivity and quality if there is functioning BIM infrastructure available (designers, contractor s, subcontractors, fabricators, and manufacturers ). Now, there is a lack of object based electronic product catalogs. Arto Saari It must put contract modes (such project alliances and IPD) that encourage close collaboration and sharing of information in the use. So the technology associated benefits can be shared. Transition from drawings to BIM is not an easy one because almost every process and business relationship is subject to change. Arto Saari

14 Climate change Need of clean energy production and fuels & Energy savings Green housing boom > Need of novel concepts and products & expertice Arto Saari Construction economics of sustainability Next will be presented results some case studies conducted at the Aalto University Aim of the studies was to search good solutions from the viewpoint life cycle costs, energy use, and occupancy costs Arto Saari

15 Searching a cost optimum in a point-of-view primary energy use: A computational new building case: A Estonian one-family house Source: Kurnitski, J., Saari, A., Kalamees, T., Vuolle, M., Niemelä, J. & Tark, T., Cost optimal and nearly zero (nzeb) energy performance calculations for residential buildings with REHVA definition for nzeb national implementation, Energy and Buildings,43, Arto Saari Searching a cost optimum in a point-of-view primary energy use: A computational new building case: A Estonian one-family house Arto Saari

16 Searching a cost optimum in a point-of-view primary energy use: A computational new building case: A Estonian one-family house Arto Saari Productive Office 2005 Research project Influence of indoor air quality Source: Arto Saari, Topi Tissari, Esko Valkama and Olli Seppänen (2006). The effect of a redesigned floor plan, occupant density and the quality of indoor climate on the cost of space, productivity and sick leave in an office building A case study, Building and Environment, Volume 41 (12), Seppänen, Fisk, Faulkner 2003 Saari, Tissari, Valkama, Seppänen 2006 Arto Saari

17 Productive Office 2005 Research project Initial plan (1) Open plan office (3) Cell office (2) Arto Saari Saari, Tissari, Valkama, Seppänen Productive Office 2005 Research project Current lay-out m²(net)/work place 1-0 no renovation 1-A cooling of supply air 1-B cooling system with local control Conversion to cell office m²(net)/work place 2-0 no indoor climate renovation 2-A indoor climate level S3+ 2-B indoor climate level S2+ 2-C indoor climate level S1+ Conversion to open plan office 7.57 m²(net)/work place 3-0 no indoor climate renovation 3-A indoor climate level S3+ 3-B indoor climate level S2+ 3-C indoor climate level S1+ Source: Arto Saari, Topi Tissari, Esko Valkama and Olli Seppänen (2006). The effect of a redesigned floor plan, occupant density and the quality of indoor climate on the cost of space, productivity and sick leave in an office building A case study, Building and Environment, Volume 41 (12), Euros / person, yr Annual energy consumption, kwh/m² (net) Occupational cost difference Space cost difference A 1-B A 2-B 2-C A 3-B 3-C Renovation alternative A 1-B A 2-B 2-C A 3-B 3-C The effect of high indoor temperatures on the costs caused by loss of productivity The effect of ventilation and person density on the costs caused by sick leave The operation, maintenance and energy cost difference in relation to the lowest alternative The annuity (t = 20 years, r = 4%) of the renovation costs in relation to the lowest alternative Which one you prefer cost or energy? Electrical energy, office equipment Electrical energy, lighting Electrical energy, pumps Electrical energy, other equipment of cooling system Electrical energy, chiller Electrical energy, fans Heating energy, hot water Heating energy, supply air Heating energy, space heating Arto Saari Renovation alternative 34

18 Summary of SB Use phase energy consumption fo buildings should be decreased Renewable energy sources shoul be prefered The overall cost analysis of a given case building showed that when space use is boosted significantly, measures must be taken to guarantee a sufficient quality of indoor climate, altough the energy need will be increased. Inreased energy need can be compesated by using renewable energy. IMPORTANT: Citizens attitudes, values and habits are in important role : how much is enough? Arto Saari Rapid increase of aged in Western Countries Telemedicine & robotics > Needed novel housing and service concepts Arto Saari

19 Arto Saari Saari, A. & Tanskanen, H., Quality level assessment model for senior housing, Property Management, 29 (1), Arto Saari

20 1) Minuet rannekello, 2) Vuotoilmaisin, 3) Vetonaru, 4) Kaatumisilmaisin, 5) Ovihälytin ja 6) Lääkeannostelija (Lähteet: products/telecaresolutions/individual homes/telecare sensors/minuet Watch Arto Saari Europe and USA run into debt Interest rate at extraordinary low level Inviable investments (e.g. too high house prices) A price bubble in many countries Regression? > decreasing construction operations Arto Saari

21 Manhattan Bridge, NY, total length 2,089 m, hight 102 m, openned Arto Saari