ONKALO Pose Experiment Core Drilling of Drillholes ONK-PP , ONK-PP and ONK-PP in ONKALO at Olkiluoto

Working Report 2010-86 ONKALO Pose Experiment Core Drilling of Drillholes ONK-PP223...226, ONK-PP253...261 and ONK-PP268...272 in ONKALO at Olkiluoto 2009 2010 Vesa Toropainen December 2010 POSIVA OY Olkiluoto FI-27160 EURAJOKI, FINLAND Tel +358-2-8372 31 Fax +358-2-8372 3709

Working Report 2010-86 ONKALO Pose Experiment Core Drilling of Drillholes ONK-PP223...226, ONK-PP253...261 and ONK-PP268...272 in ONKALO at Olkiluoto 2009 2010 Vesa Toropainen Suomen Malmi Oy December 2010 Working Reports contain information on work in progress or pending completion. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of Posiva.

ONKALO POSE EXPERIMENT - CORE DRILLING OF DRILLHOLES ONK-PP223 226, ONK-PP253 261 AND ONK-PP268 272 IN ONKALO AT OLKILUOTO 2009-2010 ABSTRACT Suomen Malmi Oy (Smoy) core drilled 14 drillholes in two phases for Posiva s Olkiluoto spalling experiment (POSE) in ONKALO at Eurajoki, Olkiluoto in April - July 2010. The identification numbers of the holes are ONK-PP253 261 and ONK-PP268 272, and the lengths of the drillholes range from 1.37 to 7.53 metres. The drillholes are 75.7 mm by diameter, except for drillhole ONK-PP259 which is 101.3 mm by diameter. The hydraulic DE 130 drilling rig was used for the work. The drilling water was taken from the ONKALO drilling water pipeline and premixed sodium fluorescein was used as a label agent in the drilling water. In addition to drilling, the drillcores were logged and reported by geologist. Geological logging included the following parameters: lithology, foliation, fracture parameters, fractured zones, core loss, weathering, fracture frequency, RQD and rock quality. The main rock types in the drillholes are pegmatitic granite and veined gneiss. The average fracture frequency in the drill cores is 0.7 pcs / m and the average RQD value 99.3 %. In addition, this working report includes a drilling technical memorandum of ONK- PP223...226, drilled in December 2009. Keywords: Olkiluoto, ONKALO, core drilling, drillhole, pegmatite granite, veined gneiss, fracture, POSE, spalling

ONKALO POSE EXPERIMENT KALLIONÄYTEREIKIEN ONK-PP223 226, ONK-PP253 261 JA ONK-PP268..272 KAIRAUS ONKALOSSA VUOSINA 2009-2010 TIIVISTELMÄ Suomen Malmi Oy (Smoy) kairasi neljä kallion hilseilykokeessa (POSE) käytettävää tutkimusreikää ONKALOssa Eurajoen Olkiluodossa huhtikuussa - heinäkuussa 2010. Reiät kairattiin kahdessa vaiheessa ja niiden tunnukset ovat ONK-PP253 261 ja ONK- PP268 272. Reikien pituudet vaihtelevat 1,37 metristä 7,53 metriin. Reikien halkaisija on 75,7 mm, lukuunottamatta reikää ONK-PP259 jonka halkaisija on 101,3 mm. Reikien kairaustyössä käytettiin hydraulista DE 130 kairauskonetta. Reiän kairaukseen käytettiin natriumfluoresiinilla merkittyä huuhteluvettä, joka otettiin ONKALO:n porausvesilinjasta. Kairatuille kallionäytteille tehtiin geologinen kartoitus ja raportointi, joka sisälsi mm. kivilajit, suuntautuneisuuden, rakoparametrit, rakotiheyden ja RQD:n, rikkonaisuusvyöhykkeet, muuttuneisuuden, näytehukan ja kivilaadun. Pääkivilajeina rei issä esiintyivät pegmatiittinen graniitti ja suonigneissi. Kallion rakoluku oli rei issä keskimäärin 0,7 kpl / m ja RQD-luku on keskimäärin 99,3 %. Työraportti sisältää lisäksi kairausteknisen muistion reikien ONK-PP223 226 kairauksesta joulukuussa 2009. Avainsanat: Olkiluoto, ONKALO, kairaus, kairareikä, pegmatiittigraniitti, suonigneissi, rako, POSE, hilseily

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT TIIVISTELMÄ 1 INTRODUCTION... 3 1.1 Background... 3 1.2 Scope of the work... 4 2 DRILLING WORK AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE DRILLHOLES... 5 2.1 Description of the drilling work... 5 2.2 Drilling and returning water and the use of label agent... 6 2.3 Location surveys... 6 3 GEOLOGICAL LOGGING... 9 3.1 General... 9 3.2 Core orientation... 10 3.3 Lithology... 11 3.4 Foliation... 12 3.5 Fracturing... 13 3.6 Fracture frequency and RQD... 17 3.7 Fractured zones and core loss... 18 3.8 Weathering... 18 3.9 Core discing... 19 4 ROCK MECHANICS... 21 4.1 The rock quality... 21 5 DRILLING OF ONK-PP223...226 IN ONKALO AT OLKILUOTO 2009... 23 5.1 Equipment... 24 5.2 Description of the drilling work... 24 5.3 Deviation surveys... 25 6 SUMMARY... 27 7 REFERENCES... 29 8 APPENDICES 8.1 Locations of the drillholes... 31 8.2 Technical details of the drillholes... 33

2 8.3 List of core boxes... 37 8.4 List of lifts... 39 8.5 Core orientation... 41 8.6 Lithology... 43 8.7 Foliation... 47 8.8 List of fractures... 49 8.9 Fracture frequency and RQD... 51 8.10 Weathering... 53 8.11 Q -classification... 55 8.12 Deviation surveys... 57 CORE PHOTOGRAPHS... 59

3 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Posiva Oy submitted an application to the Finnish Government in May 1999 for the Decision in Principle to choose Olkiluoto in the municipality of Eurajoki as the site for the final disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel. The Government made a positive decision at the end of 2000. The Finnish Parliament ratified the decision in May 2001. The policy decision made it possible to concentrate the research activities at Olkiluoto in Eurajoki. Construction of an underground rock characterisation facility (called ONKALO ) is one part of the research. Construction of the access tunnel was started in autumn 2004. Posiva Oy contracted (order number 9324-10) Suomen Malmi Oy (Smoy) to drill 14 short drillholes in ONKALO. The identification numbers of the drillholes are ONK-PP253...261 and ONK-PP268...272, and their lengths are range from 1.37 to 7.53 metres. The drillholes are used for geological characterization, hydrological and geophysical studies and instrumenting in Posiva's Olkiluoto Spalling Experiment (POSE). The new drillholes are located in the rock mechanics investigation tunnel (ONK-TKU- 3620) at access tunnel chainage chainage 3620 (Figure 1, Appendix 8.1), where also drillholes ONK-PP199...200, ONK-PP202...205 and ONK-PP223...226 (see section 5) have been previously drilled. The drillholes are vertical. The diameter of the drillholes is 75.7 mm, except for the drillhole ONK-PP259 which is 101.3 mm by diameter. Summary of the technical details of the drillholes is presented in Appendix 8.2. This report also includes the drilling technical memorandum (see section 5) of drillholes ONK-PP223...226, which were drilled as a part of POSE program in December 2009. The order 9632-09 included drilling and technical reporting.

4 1.2 Scope of the work The aim of the work was to drill 14 short drillholes and to document the geological conditions (continuity of rock units, fractured zones and rock quality) in the area and serve the POSE experiment in sampling and instrumenting. In addition to the drilling, the work included core logging and reporting. This report documents the work carried out during the drilling of the hole and geological logging of the drillcores. Figure 1. Location of the rock mechanics investigation tunnel (ONK-TKU-3620) at access tunnel chainage 3620 (black arrow) in ONKALO.

5 2 DRILLING WORK AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE DRILLHOLES 2.1 Description of the drilling work The drillings were performed in two phases, the first phase started on 27 th of April and ended on 4 th of May. In the first phase drillholes ONK-PP253...261 were drilled. The second phase started on 27 th of July and the drillings were accomplished on 30 th of July, in 2010. In the second phase drillholes ONK-PP268...272 were drilled. The drilling started from concrete surface on tunnel floor with no casing drilling. The thickness of the concrete ranged from 0.33 to 0.58 metres. The drillholes were drilled using DE 130 drill rig (Figure 2). NQ2-double tube core barrel with NQ-drill rods were used, except for the drillhole ONK-PP259 where larger diameter T101 equipment was used. Drillhole diameter with NQ2 -core barrel is 75.7 mm and drill core diameter is 50.5 mm, diameters with T101 equipment are 101.3 mm and 83.7 mm, respectively. Technical information of the drillholes is presented in Appendix 8.2. The drilling was carried out as discontinuous shift work (one to two shifts per day) and the drilling team in each shift consisted of a driller and an assistant. Geologist Tauno Rautio was the project manager. Geological logging and compilation of the final report was done by geologist Vesa Toropainen. Figure 2. The Sandvik DE 130 underground diamond drill rig.

6 The drill core samples were placed in wooden core boxes immediately after emptying the core barrel. In all, 25 boxes were used, one to three boxes for each drillhole. Start and end depths of the core in each core box are presented in Appendix 8.3. Wooden blocks separating the different lifts were placed to the core boxes to show the depth of each lift. The core drillings included one to four lifts in each drillhole drilled with NQ2 equipment and eight lifts for the ONK-PP259 drilled with T101 equipment. The depths of the lifts are presented in Appendix 8.4. 2.2 Drilling and returning water and the use of label agent The labelled drilling water for drillhole was taken from the water pipeline in ONKALO. The mixing of the label agent was done by Posiva Oy. The mixing was done before pumping water to the ONKALO pipeline. Practically all drilling water returned from the drillhole. Water leakage from the drillhole was so small that it couldn t be measured. 2.3 Location surveys Surveyed start coordinates of the drillholes and calculated coordinates at the ends of the surveys are presented in Table 1. The initial coordinates, dips and azimuths (Appendix 8.2) were location surveyed by Prismarit Oy. The dip of all drillholes is -90 degrees and according to visual observation the deviation is insignificant. The end coordinates of the drillholes are based on straight line calculation from the starting point of the drillhole.

7 Table 1. Coordinates of drillholes ONK-PP253...261 and ONK-PP268...272. The dip of all drillholes is -90 degrees and according to visual observation the deviation is insignificant. Therefore the X and Y coordinates are same, or nearly same, at drillhole start and end. Start/End Start/End Start End X Y Z Z Hole Id. Surveyed Surveyed Surveyed Calculated ONK-PP253 6792321.47 1525464.09-344.66-351.01 ONK-PP254 6792321.18 1525462.92-344.66-351.01 ONK-PP255 6792322.49 1525463.59-344.66-346.97 ONK-PP256 6792320.48 1525464.68-344.66-349.00 ONK-PP257 6792320.16 1525463.44-344.66-346.03 ONK-PP258 6792322.30 1525462.87-344.65-350.01 ONK-PP259 6792336.67 1525463.51-344.42-351.90 ONK-PP260 6792337.27 1525463.52-344.42-351.87 ONK-PP261 6792338.28 1525463.51-344.42-351.91 ONK-PP268 6792322.88 1525463.47-344.75-352.21 ONK-PP269 6792319.98 1525464.25-344.75-352.28 ONK-PP270 6792319.82 1525463.67-344.75-352.28 ONK-PP271 6792322.72 1525462.89-344.75-352.24 ONK-PP272 6792322.59 1525463.60-344.75-347.24

9 3 GEOLOGICAL LOGGING 3.1 General The handling of the core was based on the POSIVA work instructions POS-001427 Core handling procedure with triple tube coring (in Finnish). Drill core samples were placed into about one-metre long wooden core boxes immediately after emptying the core barrel. The drill core was handled carefully during and after the drilling. The core was placed in the boxes avoiding any unnecessary breakage. Broken and clay rich parts of the core were wrapped in aluminium paper to avoid breaking them during storage and logging. If loose rock fragments from the drillhole walls were encountered during the logging, they were placed after the block marking the end of the previous sample run. Therefore, at the beginning of a sample run, there might be rock fragments not belonging to the sample run itself. Geologist Vesa Toropainen logged the core in Posiva s core logging facility at ONKALO site. The core logging followed the normal Posiva logging procedure, which has been used e.g. in pilot hole drilling programmes at Olkiluoto. The following parameters were logged: lithology, foliation, fracture parameters, fractured zones, weathering, core loss, artificial break, fracture frequency, RQD, rock quality and core discing. In addition, core orientation, and the lifts and the core box numbers were documented. An exception in core logging as compared to normal procedure was, that also shorter than one metre lithological units were logged in purpose of obtaining more detailed information of the lithology. All core boxes (Appendix 8.3) were digitally colour photographed, both dry and wet. The core photographs (wet) are presented at the end of the report. The lift depths (Appendix 8.4) are given as they were marked on the wooden spacing blocks separating different sample runs in the core boxes. If the length of the core in the sample run indicated that sampling depth was different from the depth measured during drilling, the true sample depth was corrected on the spacing block. Therefore, the sample run depth equals the sample depth. The drilling depth might be deeper than the sampling depth, if the core lifter slips and part of the core is left in the drillhole and is retrieved by the next lift. The measured true sample depths were marked to the core sample with short red lines perpendicular to the core direction in one metre interval. Those depth values were marked to the upper dividing wall of the core box row.

10 3.2 Core orientation The drillcores were oriented from North-South oriented grooves, acting as orientation marks, at the starting points of the drillholes. They were marked by Prismarit Oy before the drilling started. The line drawn to the drill core sample on the basis of the orientation marks acted as a ground for direction measurements of fractures and other linear and planar features in the core. From the oriented drill core sections, core alpha and beta angles of every measurable fracture and chosen foliation measurement points were determined (Figure 3). Each alpha and beta value was recalculated to the real dip and dip directions using the drillhole orientation at the start of the drillhole, measured by Prismarit Oy. In total, 49.78 metres of the drillcores (66.4%) was oriented. In some drillcores orientation was not possible as there was shearing of sample ends in the contact of concrete and rock surface (Appendix 8.5). Figure 3. Fracture orientation measurements from orientated core. The core alpha ( ) angle is measured relative to core axis. The core beta ( ) angle is measured clockwise relative to a reference line, looking downward the core axis in direction of drilling. Figure modified from Rocscience Inc. Orientation Parameters for Borehole Data, Dips (v. 5.0) Features (Rocscience Inc., 2003).

11 3.3 Lithology The rocks of Olkiluoto fall into four main groups: 1) gneisses, 2) migmatitic gneisses, 3) TGG-gneisses (TGG = tonalite-granodiorite-granite) and 4) pegmatitic granites (Kärki & Paulamäki 2006). In addition, narrow diabase dykes occur sporadically. The gneisses include homogeneous mica-bearing quartz gneisses, banded mica gneisses and hornblende or pyroxene-bearing mafic gneisses. The migmatitic gneisses, which typically contain 20 40 % leucosome, can be divided into three subgroups in terms of their migmatite structures: veined gneisses, stromatic gneisses and diatexitic gneisses. The leucosomes of the veined gneisses show vein-like, more or less elongated traces with some features similar to augen structures. Planar leucosome layers characterize the stromatic gneisses, whereas the migmatite structure of the diatexitic gneisses is asymmetric and irregular. The lithological classification used in the mapping follows the classification by Mattila (2006). In this classification, the migmatitic metamorphic gneisses are divided into veined gneisses (VGN), stromatic gneisses (SGN) and diatexitic gneisses (DGN). The percentage of the leucosome proportion in gneisses is reported. The non-migmatitic metamorphic gneisses are separated into mica gneisses (MGN), mafic gneisses (MFGN), quartz gneisses (QGN) and tonalitic-granodioritic-granitic gneisses (TGG). The metamorphic rocks form a compositional series that can be separated by rock texture and the proportion of neosome. Igneous rock names used in the classification are coarse-grained pegmatitic granite (PGR), K-feldspar porphyry (KFP) and diabase (DB). The TGG gneisses are medium-grained, relatively homogeneous rocks that can show a blastomylonitic foliation, but they can also resemble plutonic, unfoliated rocks. The pegmatitic granites are leucocratic, very coarse-grained rocks, which may contain large garnet, tourmaline and cordierite crystals. Mica gneiss enclaves are typical within the larger pegmatitic bodies. Gneisses, which are weakly or not at all migmatitic, make ca. 9 % of the bedrock. The migmatitic gneisses comprise over 64 % of the volume of the Olkiluoto bedrock, with the veined gneisses accounting for 43 %, the stromatic gneisses for 0.4 % and the diatexitic gneisses for 21 %, based on drill core logging. Of the remaining lithologies, the TGG-gneisses constitute 8 % and the pegmatitic granites almost 20 % by volume (Kärki & Paulamäki 2006). The main lithologies in the drillcores are veined gneiss (40.52 m, 54.1%) and pegmatitic granite (34.41 m, 45.9 %) (Appendix 8.6). The pegmatitic granite (PGR) is light grey

12 coloured, massive and coarse grained rich in K-feldspar. Cordierite and garnet are common in the PGR. Locally there is small green apatite grains and white mica. The PGR is mostly unweathered/unaltered, but locally shows weak spotty kaolinitization and illitization and pinitization in cordierite. There is weak shear banding in PGR at places. The veined gneiss has low leucosome content (5 15%), and shows mainly weak to moderate banded foliation, but locally also gneissic and irregular foliation. The VGN contains sillimanite and cordierite. The VGN is mainly unweathered/unaltered, but locally there is very weak spotty kaolinitization. In some drillholes there were small amounts of graphite and pyrite in the leucosome veins of veined gneiss. 3.4 Foliation The classification of the foliation type and intensity used in this study is based on the characterization procedure introduced by Milnes et al. (2006). The foliation type was estimated macroscopically and classified into five categories: MAS = massive GNE = gneissic BAN = banded SCH = schistose IRR = irregular The gneissic type (GNE) corresponds to a rock dominated by quartz and feldspars, with micas and amphiboles occurring only as minor constituents. The banded foliation type (BAN) consists of intercalated gneissic and schistose layers, which are either separated or discontinuous layers of micas or amphiboles. The schistose type (SCH) is dominated by micas or amphiboles, which have a strong orientation. Massive (MAS) corresponds to massive rock with no visible orientations and irregular (IRR) to folded or chaotic rock. The intensity of the foliation is based on visual estimation and classified into the following four categories: 0 = massive or irregular 1 = weakly foliated 2 = moderately foliated 3 = strongly foliated

13 Figure 4. The measured foliation orientations on an equal area lower hemisphere projection. Contours presented are 4, 8, 16 and 32 multiples of random distribution. The number of measurements is 30. Main foliation type and intensity were logged in one metre sections from the core samples (Appendix 8.7). 30 measurements of foliation were done from oriented core sections. The main foliation direction in the core samples is towards south-southeast (160 /36, dip direction/dip angle) as shown in Figure 4. The pegmatitic granite is massive by foliation. The veined gneiss shows mainly weak to moderate banded foliation. Locally there is also gneissic foliation when leucosome content is very low, and also irregular foliation (folded foliation). 3.5 Fracturing Fractures were numbered sequentially from the beginning to the end of the drillcore (Appendix 8.8). Fracture depths were measured to the centre line of the core and given with an accuracy of 0.01 m. Each fracture was described individually with attributes including orientation, type, colour, fracture filling, surface shape and roughness. The abbreviations used to describe the fracture type are in accordance with the classification used by Suomen Malmi Oy (Niinimäki, 2004) (Table 2).

14 Fractures with a filling and an apparent colour were classified as filled, if the core was intact. The filled fractures with intact surfaces were described as closed or partly closed. In these cases, closed or partly closed has been written in the remarks column. The thickness of the filling was estimated with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. The identification of fracture fillings was qualitative and made visually in accordance with the fracture mineral database developed by Kivitieto Oy and Posiva Oy (Table 3). Abbreviations were used during the logging. Where the recognition of a mineral was not possible, the mineral was described with a common mineral group name, such as clay, sulphide etc. In addition to this, the morphology and alteration of fractures were also classified according to the Q-system (Grimstad & Barton 1993). The fracture morphology was described with the joint roughness number, J r (Table 4) and the alteration with the joint alteration number, J a (Table 5). The fracture shape and roughness of fracture surfaces were classified using a modification of Barton s Q-classification (Barton et al. 1974) (Table 6). Table 2. The abbreviations used to describe fracture type (Niinimäki 2004). Abbreviation Fracture type op Open ti Tight, no filling material fi Filled fisl Filled slickensided grfi Grain filled clfi Clay filled Table 3. Fracture filling mineral abbreviations. Abbreviation Mineral Abbreviation Mineral CC = Calcite IL = Illite BT = Biotite SK = Pyrite MU = Muscovite SV = Clay mineral KL = Chlorite KA =Kaolinite

15 Table 4. Concise description of joint roughness number J r (Grimstad & Barton 1993). J r Profile Rock wall contact, or rock wall contact before 10 cm shear. 4 SRO Discontinuous joint or rough and stepped 3 SSM Stepped smooth 2 SSL Stepped slickensided 3 URO Rough and undulating 2 USM Smooth and undulating 1.5 USL Slickensided and undulating 1.5 PRO Rough or irregular, planar 1 PSM Smooth, planar 0.5 PSL Slickensided, planar Note 1. Descriptions refer to small-scale features and intermediate scale features, in that order. J r No rock-wall contact when sheared 1 Zone containing clay minerals thick enough to prevent rock-wall contact 1 Sandy, gravely or crushed zone thick enough to prevent rock-wall contact Note 1. Add 1 if the mean spacing of the relevant joint set is greater than 3. 2. Jr = 0.5 can be used for planar slickensided joints having lineation, provided the lineations are oriented for minimum strength. Table 5. Concise description of joint alteration number J a (Grimstad & Barton 1993). J a Rock wall contact (no mineral filling, only coatings). 0.75 Tightly healed, hard, non-softening impermeable filling, i.e. quartz, or epidote. 1 Unaltered joint walls, surface staining only. Slightly altered joint walls. Non-softening mineral coatings, sandy particles, clayfree disintegrated rock, etc. 2 3 Silty or sandy clay coatings, small clay fraction (non-softening). Softening or low-friction clay mineral coatings, i.e. kaolinite, mica, chlorite, talc, 4 gypsum, and graphite, etc., and small quantities of swelling clays (discontinuous coatings, 1-2 mm or less in thickness. Rock wall contact before 10 cm shear (thin mineral fillings). 4 Sandy particles, clay-free disintegrated rock, etc. Strongly over-consolidated, non-softening clay mineral fillings (continuous, <5 mm 6 in thickness). Medium or low over-consolidation, softening, clay mineral filling (continuous <5 mm 8 in thickness). Swelling-clay fillings, i.e. montmorillonite (continuous, <5 mm in thickness). Value of 8-12 J a depends on percentage of swelling clay-sized particles, and access to water, etc. No rock-wall contact when sheared (thick mineral fillings). 6-12 Zones or bands of disintegrated or crushed rock and clay. 5 Zones or bands of silty- or sandy-clay, small clay fraction (non-softening). 10-20 Thick, continuous zones or bands of clay.

16 Table 6. Fracture surface shapes and roughness (Barton et al. 1974). Fracture shape Fracture roughness Planar Rough Stepped Smooth Undulated Slickensided During the fracture logging, the surface colour was also registered. The colour is often caused by the dominating fracture filling mineral or minerals, e.g. chlorite (green) or kaolinite (white). Presence of minor filling minerals usually causes some variation in the colour of the fracture surface. These colour shades were described e.g. as dark or greenish. Tight fractures typically had only a slightly different shade from the host rock colour. In the fracture logging, 51 fractures were recorded from the drillcores. The number of fractures by drillhole ranged from 1 to 15 (Appendix 8.8). Most of the drillcores had only 1 3 fractures, but some drillcores (ONK-PP268, 270 and 271) had more (from 6 to 15). There are 34 filled fractures, ten filled slickensided fractures and seven tight fractures. Some of the tight fractures at drillcore starts can also be EDZ-breaks in ONK-PP253, 255 and 257. Most of the fractures in the drillcores are undulated or planar in shape, have a rough profile and high joint roughness number, indicating a high friction in the fracture surface. These fractures are usually filled with low to low-moderate joint alteration numbers (0.75 2), in accordance with this conclusion. The low friction fractures (slickensided and smooth surfaced fractures), which usually have also higher joint alteration number (3 4), mainly occur in the drillcores ONK-PP268, 269, 270 and 271. In the high-friction fractures, the fracture fillings consist of hard, non-softening coatings or fillings, mainly calcite, pyrite and biotite, often with small amounts of chlorite, illite or other clay minerals. The low friction fractures mainly have a filling of chlorite, illite and kaolinite. The identified fracture filling minerals in the drillcores according to the frequency of occurrence are: kaolinite, illite, calcite, chlorite, unidentified clay minerals, biotite and pyrite.

17 Figure 5. The measured fracture orientations on an equal area lower hemisphere projection. The number of measurements is 18. In total, 18 of the logged fractures were oriented. Most of these fractures were oriented near parallel to the foliation direction. The main fracture direction is 160/35 degrees (dip direction/dip angle) (Figure 5). 3.6 Fracture frequency and RQD The frequencies of natural fractures, RQD (Rock Quality Designator) (see Table 9) and mechanically induced breaks were all counted on one metre depth intervals (Appendix 8.10). The frequency of all fractures is the number of core breaks within one metre interval, including natural fractures and mechanically induced breaks. Mechanically induced breaks are caused by drilling, core handling and core discing. The natural fracture frequency is the number of natural fractures, open and closed, within one metre interval. If the frequency of all fractures is higher than the natural fracture frequency, the core must have been broken during the drilling. If the core was broken accidentally or by purpose during handling, it was marked to the core box with the letter F, and counted as a fracture or break depending on its nature. If the natural fracture frequency is higher than the frequency of all fractures, the fractures must be cohesive enough to keep the core together. The RQD gives the percentage of over 10 cm long core segments, separated by natural fractures, within one metre interval.

18 The average natural fracture frequency of the drillcores is 0.7 pcs/m, ranging from 0.14 pc/m (ONK-PP259) to 2.0 pc/m (ONK-PP268). The average RQD value is 99.3 %, ranging from 96.3 % (ONK-PP271) to 100 % (ten drillholes) (Appendix 8.9). 3.7 Fractured zones and core loss Fractured zones were classified according to Finnish engineering geological bedrock classification (Korhonen et al. 1974) (Table 7). There are no fractured zones in the drillholes. Core loss due to non-cohesive rock was not observed. Core loss due to rock breaking or grinding is mainly insignificant in the drillholes. Table 7. Classification of fractured rock (Korhonen et al. 1974). Broken rock mass Zone class Fractures / metre Fracture filling Block structured RiII 3-10 no fillings Fracture structured RiIII > 10 none or thin Crush structured RiIV-Rk3 3-10 filled with clay minerals RiIV-Rk4 > 10 Clay structured RiV - abundant clay material in rock mass 3.8 Weathering The weathering degree of the drill core was classified according to the method developed by Korhonen et al. (1974) and Gardemeister et al. (1976) (Table 8). The drillcores are practically completely unweathered (Rp0), having only very weak and mostly local alteration, or no visible alteration at all. Cordierite is commonly altered and local very weak spotty kaolinitization and illitization occur (Appendix 8.10). Table 8. Abbreviations of the weathering degree. Abbreviation Rp0 Rp1 Rp2 Rp3 Description of weathering type Unweathered Slightly weathered Strongly weathered Completely weathered

19 3.9 Core discing In Posiva s logging procedure, core discing is logged separately, and depth intervals where core discing occurs are documented. The number of breaks and core discs is logged. The geometry of the top and bottom surfaces of the discs is described separately using the following classification: Concave Convex Planar Saddle Incomplete. No core discing was found in the drillcores.

21 4 ROCK MECHANICS 4.1 The rock quality Rock quality was classified during the core logging using Barton s Q-classification (Rock Tunneling Quality Index; Barton, 1974 and Grimstad & Barton, 1993). The core is divided into sections, which can vary from less than a metre to several metres in length. In each section, the rock quality is as homogenous as possible. The roughness and alteration numbers are estimated for each fracture surface (Appendix 8.8). The roughness and alteration numbers (average, median and lower and higher quartiles) are then calculated for each section, and the median value is used in the Q-quality calculations. The Q-value is calculated by Equation 1 (Barton, 1974 and Grimstad & Barton, 1993): Q RQD J * J J n r a J w * SRF (1) The RQD (Table 9) is defined as the cumulative length of core pieces longer than 10 cm in a run divided by the total length of the core run. Closed fractures are also counted in the RQD value. Some constant values are used in the calculations. All closed fractures are given joint alteration (J a ) number of 0.75 (see Table 5). If the fracture interval of the relevant joint set is over one metre, the value of 1 is given to J n (Table 9). If the fracture interval of the relevant joint set is over three metres, the value of 1 is added to the value of J r, (see Table 4), and J n is given the value of 0.5. For rock sections with no fractures, the value of 5 for J r and the value of 0.75 for J a are used. In the calculations, joint water (J w ) and stress reduction factors (SRF) are assumed as 1, so the result of the calculation is the Q -value. The core samples of the drillholes were divided into units of variable lengths, the Q -values of which were then calculated separately. The results of Q -classification are presented in Appendix 8.11. The rock quality (see Table 9) of the drillholes is mainly extremely good (26.51 m, 35.4 %), good (19.04 m, 25.4 %), exceptionally good (16.07 m, 21.4 %) or very good (9.26 m, 12.4 %). In addition, a 4.05 m long rock section in the drillcore ONK-PP269 was classified as fair due to its few low friction fractures.

Table 9. Description of RQD and joint set number J n (Grimstad & Barton 1993). 22

23 5 DRILLING OF ONK-PP223...226 IN ONKALO AT OLKILUOTO 2009 The aim of the drilling work was to drill four drillholes (ONK-PP223...226). The drillholes were drilled for POSE-campaign (Posiva Olkiluoto Spalling Experiment) to, and near the rock mechanics investigation niche at access tunnel chainage 3620 (Figure 6, Appendix 8.1). The start coordinates, lengths, initial azimuths and dips of the drillholes are shown in Table 10. Figure 6. Locations and planned paths of the drillholes ONK-PP223...226 in the investigation niche at access tunnel chainage 3620. Table 10. The start coordinates, initial azimuths, dips and final depths of the drillholes. Drillhole X Y Z Azimuth, Dip, Length, m ONK-PP223 6792320.38 1525464.34-345.14 210.0-88.1 8.02 ONK-PP224 6792303.57 1525432.14-346.99 64.0 10.1 30.04 ONK-PP225 6792303.58 1525432.30-347.33 64.6 9.9 30.00 ONK-PP226 6792293.51 1525469.61-344.23 3.3-12.0 34.06

24 5.1 Equipment Drillholes were drilled with the Sandvik DE 130 underground diamond drill rig (Figure 1). The rig is mounted on stationary legs with transport wheels. The rig is powered by electric motor using hydraulic pumps. The drillhole ONK-PP223 was drilled with T76 equipment which gives nominal drillhole diameter of 76 mm and sample diameter of 62 mm. The drillholes ONK-PP224 226 were drilled with NQ3 equipment which gives nominal drillhole diameter of 75.7 mm and sample diameter of 50.2 mm. The drillholes ONK-PP225 and ONK-PP226 were first drilled with 90 mm bit size to the depths of 0.50 m (ONK-PP225) and 0.70 m (ONK-PP226) for stainless steel 89/78 mm casings. After installing of the casing, the drilling continued normally with NQ3 equipment. The casing in ONK-PP225 was removed after drilling, but the casing in ONK-PP226 was left in the drillhole. Technical details of the drillholes are presented in Appendix 8.1. 5.2 Description of the drilling work The drilling was carried out in one phase in December 2009. The drilling rig was set up to the drilling site ONK-PP225 on 11 th of December. The drilling was done in order: ONK-PP225, ONK-PP224, ONK-PP223 and ONK-PP226. The drilling work was completed on 14 th of December 2009 and the drill rig was moved to injection drillings. Drilling work was carried out as two shift work (á 8 to 12 hours). The drilling team in a shift consisted of a driller and an assistant. Handling of the core was based on the POSIVA work instructions POS-001427 Core handling procedure with triple tube coring (in Finnish). The drill core samples were placed into about one-metre long wooden core boxes immediately after emptying the core barrel and taking the samples.

25 5.3 Deviation surveys The drillholes, except ONK-PP223, were deviation surveyed with EMS tool on 16 th of December. The deviation survey results are presented in Appendix 8.12. The EMS survey tool measures the drillhole dip with an electronic accelerometer and the azimuth relative to the magnetic north with a three-component fluxgate magnetometer. According to the manufacturer, the accuracy of the azimuth is ± 0.5 degrees and the accuracy of the dip is ± 0.2 degrees, provided there are no magnetic anomalies. No significant magnetic anomalies were detected during the measurements. The azimuth was measured to magnetic north, but declination correction of +6.1 degrees was made to the results; the results are, therefore, to geographic north.

27 6 SUMMARY As a part of the Posiva s Olkiluoto Spalling Experiment (POSE), Suomen Malmi Oy core drilled four 14 drillholes (ONK-PP253...261 and ONK-PP268...272). The lengths of the drillholes range from 1.37 to 7.53 metres. The drillholes were drilled in the rock mechanics investigation tunnel at access tunnel chainage 3620. The drilling was started from concrete surface in the tunnel floor with no casing drilling. The drill rig was DE 130. The cores were drilled using a NQ2 double tube core barrel, an exception being the drillhole ONK-PP259 where larger diameter T101 equipment was used. The drillhole diameter with NQ2 is 75.7 mm and the sample diameter is 50.5 mm. The drilling water was taken from ONKALO pipeline and marked with sodium fluorescein. The main rock type intersected by the drillholes is pegmatitic granite and veined gneiss. The rock samples are mostly unweathered. The average fracture frequency in the drillholes is 0.7 pcs/m and the mean RQD value is 99.3 %. No fractured zones were intersected. Drillholes ONK-PP223...226 were drilled as a part of POSE program in December 2009.

29 7 REFERENCES Barton, N., Lien, R. & Lunde, J. 1974. Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support. Rock Mechanics. December 1974. Vol. 6 No. 4. Springer Verlag. Wien, New York. 189-236 pp. Barton, N. & Choubey, V. 1977. The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice. Rock Mechanics 1, s. 1 54. Springer-Verlag. Gardemeister, R., Johansson, S., Korhonen, P., Patrikainen, P., Tuisku, T. & Vähäsarja, P. 1976. Rakennusgeologisen kallioluokituksen soveltaminen. (The application of Finnish engineering geological bedrock classification, in Finnish). Espoo: Technical Recearch Centre of Finland, Geotechnical laboratory. 38 p. Research note 25. Grimstad, E. & Barton, N. 1993. Updating of the Q-system for NMT. Proceedings of Sprayed Concrete, 18-21 December 1993. Fagernäs, Norway Korhonen, K-H., Gardemeister, R., Jääskeläinen, H., Niini, H. & Vähäsarja, P. 1974. Rakennusalan kallioluokitus. (Engineering geological bedrock classification, in Finnish). Espoo: Technical Research Centre of Finland, Geotechnical laboratory. 78 p. Research note 12. Kärki, A. & Paulamäki, S. 2006. Petrology of Olkiluoto. POSIVA 2006-02. Posiva Oy, Eurajoki. Mattila, J. 2006. A System of Nomenclature for Rocks in Olkiluoto. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working report 2006-32. Milnes, A. G., Hudson, J., Wikström, L. & Aaltonen, I. 2006. Foliation: Geological Background, Rock Mechanics Significance, and Preliminary Investigations at Olkiluoto. Working Report 2006-03. Posiva Oy, Eurajoki. Niinimäki, R. 2004. Core drilling of Pilot Hole OL-PH1 at Olkiluoto in Eurajoki 2003-2004. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working report 2004-05, 95 p.

30 Rocscience Inc., Dips (v5.0) Features [WWW-document]. 2003. <http://www.rocscience.com/products/dips/inputdata.asp>. (Read 3.2.2009).

Locations of the drillholes 31 Appendix 8.1

Technical details of the drillholes 33 Appendix 8.2 HOLE ID ONK-PP223 ONK-PP224 ONK-PP225 ONK-PP226 ONK-PP253 ONK-PP254 ONK-PP255 NORTHING 6792320.38 6792303.57 6792303.58 6792293.51 6792321.47 6792321.18 6792322.49 EASTING 1525464.34 1525432.14 1525432.3 1525469.61 1525464.09 1525462.92 1525463.59 ELEVATION -345.14-346.99-347.33-344.23-344.66-344.66-344.66 MAX LENGTH, m 8.02 30.04 30 34.06 6.35 6.35 2.31 AZIMUTH, 210 64 64.6 3.3 0 0 0 DIP, -88.1 10.1 9.9-12 -90-90 -90 DH SURVEY DIP, 10.2 9.6-12.8 TUNNEL CHAINAGE 35 12 41 41 42 VT1 CHAINAGE 3620 3663 3663 3620 3620 3620 3620 DATE STARTED 13.12.2009 13.12.2009 12.12.2009 14.12.2009 4.5.2010 3.5.2010 4.5.2010 DATE DRILLED 14.12.2009 13.12.2009 12.12.2009 14.12.2009 4.5.2010 4.5.2010 4.5.2010 SURVEYED BY Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy SURVEY DATE 40165 40165 40165 40165 13.5.2010 13.5.2010 13.5.2010 SURVEY TYPE Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter SURVEY NOTE PRI-ONK 806 PRI-ONK 806 PRI-ONK 806 PRI-ONK 806 PRI-ONK 867 PRI-ONK 867 PRI-ONK 867 GRID ID KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 PRECOLLAR DEPTH, m 0.50 0.70 OVERBURDEN, m * 0.52 0.40 0.54 CASING TYPE No casing No casing No casing 89/78 no casing no casing no casing CASING LENGTH, m 0.70 Z OF CASING -344.17 CASING ABOVE GROUND LEVEL, m 0.30 NO OF CORE BOXES 3 7 7 8 2 2 1 HOLE DIAMETER, mm 76 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.7 SAMPLE DIAMETER, mm 62 50.5 50.5 50.5 50.5 50.5 50.5 EQUIPMENT T76 NQ3 NQ3 NQ3 NQ2 NQ2 NQ2 ORDER 9632-09 9632-09 9632-09 9632-09 9324-10 9324-10 9324-10 * thickness of concrete

Technical details of the drillholes 34 Appendix 8.2 HOLE ID NORTHING EASTING ELEVATION MAX LENGTH, m AZIMUTH, DIP, DH SURVEY DIP, TUNNEL CHAINAGE VT1 CHAINAGE DATE STARTED DATE DRILLED SURVEYED BY SURVEY DATE SURVEY TYPE SURVEY NOTE GRID ID PRECOLLAR DEPTH, m OVERBURDEN, m * CASING TYPE CASING LENGTH, m Z OF CASING CASING ABOVE GROUND LEVEL, m NO OF CORE BOXES HOLE DIAMETER, mm SAMPLE DIAMETER, mm EQUIPMENT ORDER * thickness of concrete ONK-PP256 ONK-PP257 ONK-PP258 ONK-PP259 ONK-PP260 ONK-PP261 6792320.48 6792320.16 6792322.3 6792336.67 6792337.27 6792338.28 1525464.68 1525463.44 1525462.87 1525463.51 1525463.52 1525463.51-344.66-344.66-344.65-344.42-344.42-344.42 4.34 1.37 5.36 7.48 7.45 7.49 0 0 0 0 0 0-90 -90-90 -90-90 -90 42 40 40 57 57 58 3620 3620 3620 3620 3620 3620 4.5.2010 4.5.2010 4.5.2010 3.5.2010 27.4.2010 27.4.2010 4.5.2010 4.5.2010 4.5.2010 3.5.2010 27.4.2010 27.4.2010 Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy 13.5.2010 13.5.2010 13.5.2010 1.6.2010 1.6.2010 1.6.2010 Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter PRI-ONK 867 PRI-ONK 867 PRI-ONK 867 PRI-ONK 884 PRI-ONK 884 PRI-ONK 884 KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 0.49 0.35 0.37 0.34 0.33 0.39 no casing no casing no casing no casing no casing no casing 1 1 2 3 2 2 75.7 75.7 75.7 101.3 75.7 75.7 50.5 50.5 50.5 83.7 50.5 50.5 NQ2 NQ2 NQ2 T101 NQ2 NQ2 9324-10 9324-10 9324-10 9324-10 9324-10 9324-10

Technical details of the drillholes 35 Appendix 8.2 HOLE ID NORTHING EASTING ELEVATION MAX LENGTH, m AZIMUTH, DIP, DH SURVEY DIP, TUNNEL CHAINAGE VT1 CHAINAGE DATE STARTED DATE DRILLED SURVEYED BY SURVEY DATE SURVEY TYPE SURVEY NOTE GRID ID PRECOLLAR DEPTH, m OVERBURDEN, m * CASING TYPE CASING LENGTH, m Z OF CASING CASING ABOVE GROUND LEVEL, m NO OF CORE BOXES HOLE DIAMETER, mm SAMPLE DIAMETER, mm EQUIPMENT ORDER * thickness of concrete ONK-PP268 ONK-PP269 ONK-PP270 ONK-PP271 ONK-PP272 6792322.88 6792319.98 6792319.82 6792322.72 6792322.59 1525463.47 1525464.25 1525463.67 1525462.89 1525463.6-344.75-344.75-344.75-344.75-344.75 7.46 7.53 7.53 7.49 2.49 0 0 0 0 0-90 -90-90 -90-90 43 40 40 43 43 3620 3620 3620 3620 3620 27.7.2010 28.7.2010 29.7.2010 29.7.2010 30.7.2010 27.7.2010 28.7.2010 29.7.2010 30.7.2010 30.7.2010 Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy Prismarit Oy 20.7.2010 20.7.2010 20.7.2010 20.7.2010 20.7.2010 Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter Tachymeter planned coordinates planned coordinates planned coordinates planned coordinates planned coordinates KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 KKJ1 0.50 0.44 0.43 0.39 0.58 no casing no casing no casing no casing no casing 2 2 2 2 1 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.7 50.5 50.5 50.5 50.5 50.5 NQ2 NQ2 NQ2 NQ2 NQ2 9324-10 9324-10 9324-10 9324-10 9324-10

List of core boxes 37 Appendix 8.3 ONK-PP253 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 4.54 1 first 0.52 m concrete 4.54 6.35 2 ONK-PP254 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 4.69 1 first 0.40 m concrete 4.69 6.35 2 ONK-PP255 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 2.31 1 first 0.54 m concrete ONK-PP256 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 4.34 1 first 0.49m concrete ONK-PP257 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 1.37 1 first 0.35 m concrete ONK-PP258 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 4.79 1 first 0.37 m concrete 4.79 5.36 2 ONK-PP259 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 2.31 1 first 0.34 m concrete 2.31 4.87 2 4.87 7.48 3 ONK-PP260 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 4.70 1 first 0.33 m concrete 4.70 7.45 2 ONK-PP261 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 4.63 1 first 0.39 m concrete 4.63 7.49 2

List of core boxes 38 Appendix 8.3 ONK-PP268 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 4.58 1 first 0.50 m concrete 4.58 7.46 2 ONK-PP269 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 4.53 1 first 0.44 m concrete 4.53 7.53 2 ONK-PP270 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 4.63 1 first 0.43 m concrete 4.63 7.53 2 ONK-PP271 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 4.63 1 first 0.39 m concrete 4.63 7.49 2 ONK-PP272 M_FROM M_TO BOX_NUMBER REMARKS m m 0.00 2.49 1 first 0.58m concrete

List of lifts 39 Appendix 8.4 ONK-PP253 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 2.95 2.95 first 0.52 m concrete 2 5.90 2.95 3 6.35 0.45 ONK-PP254 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 3.30 3.30 first 0.40 m concrete 2 6.35 3.05 ONK-PP255 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 2.31 2.31 first 0.54 m concrete ONK-PP256 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 2.87 2.87 first 0.49 m concrete 2 4.34 1.47 ONK-PP257 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 1.37 1.37 first 0.35 m concrete ONK-PP258 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 2.98 2.98 first 0.37 m concrete 2 5.36 2.38 ONK-PP259 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 1.21 1.21 first 0.34 m concrete 2 2.16 0.95 3 4.01 1.85 4 4.81 0.80 5 5.65 0.84 6 5.90 0.25 7 6.70 0.80 8 7.48 0.78 ONK-PP260 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 2.83 2.83 first 0.33 m concrete 2 5.95 3.12 3 7.45 1.50

List of lifts 40 Appendix 8.4 ONK-PP261 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 2.97 2.97 first 0.39 m concrete 2 6.03 3.06 3 7.49 1.46 ONK-PP268 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 2.99 2.99 first 0.50 m concrete 2 5.98 2.99 3 7.46 1.48 ONK-PP269 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 3.01 3.01 first 0.44 m concrete 2 5.97 2.96 3 7.53 1.56 ONK-PP270 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 3.02 3.02 first 0.43 m concrete 2 6.00 2.98 3 7.53 1.53 ONK-PP271 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 2.99 2.99 first 0.39 m concrete 2 6.00 3.01 3 7.00 1.00 4 7.49 0.49 ONK-PP272 LIFT NR LIFT DEPTH LENGTH REMARKS m m 1 2.49 2.49 first 0.58m concrete

Core orientation 41 Appendix 8.5 ONK-PP253 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.00 6.35 6.35 Groove north direction based on foliation. Orientation line possibly unreliable because of slight core end shearing at concrete-rock contact. ONK-PP254 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.00 1.93 1.93 Groove north direction based on foliation. ONK-PP255 Not oriented ONK-PP256 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.00 4.34 4.34 Groove north direction based on foliation. ONK-PP257 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.00 1.37 1.37 Groove north direction based on foliation. ONK-PP258 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.00 3.94 3.94 Groove north direction based on foliation. ONK-PP259 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.00 7.48 7.48 Groove north direction based on foliation. ONK-PP260 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.88 Groove north direction based on foliation. ONK-PP261 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.00 7.49 7.49 Groove north direction based on foliation.

Core orientation 42 Appendix 8.5 ONK-PP268 Not oriented ONK-PP269 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.44 7.53 7.09 Oriented with groove made to concrete surface ONK-PP270 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.53 7.53 7.00 Oriented with groove made to concrete surface ONK-PP271 Not oriented ONK-PP272 MARK_NR MARK_DEPTH M_FROM M_TO LENGTH REMARKS m m m m 1 0.00 0.58 2.49 1.91 Oriented from grooves on concrete end surface, two grooves, average used.

Lithology 43 Appendix 8.6 ONK-PP253 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.52 CONCRETE 0.52 2.95 PGR Light grey massive PGR with small garnet grains and cordierite. Moderate shear banding. Locally thin stripes with mica (0.66, 1.36-1.45 m). Unweathered/unaltered. 2.95 3.31 VGN 10 Short section of moderately banded VGN inside a PGR. Sillimanite. Very weak spotty kaolinitization. 3.31 4.70 PGR Light grey massive PGR with cordierite. At 4.06-4.34 m contain mica and cordierite so much that it could also be a short section of DGN. Very weak epidotization locally near the fracture at 3.45 m. Otherwise unweathered/unaltered. 4.70 6.35 VGN 15 Moderately banded VGN with sillimanite, small amounts of cordierite. Unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP254 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.40 CONCRETE 0.40 1.20 VGN 10 Low leucosome moderately banded VGN with sillimanite and cordierite. Unweathered/unaltered. 1.20 3.10 PGR Light grey coloured coarse grained massive PGR with garnet and locally cordierite. At 1.38-1.53 m lots of cordierite and mica. Weak shear banding. Unweathered/unaltered. 3.10 5.10 VGN 5 Low leucosome gneissic VGN, (almost MGN) with sillimanite. Unweathered/unaltered. 5.10 6.35 VGN 10 Low leucosome moderately banded (locally gneissic) VGN with sillimanite and cordierite. Unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP255 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.54 CONCRETE 0.54 0.84 VGN Very short section of VGN (or DGN) at start of the sample. 0.84 1.40 PGR Coarse grained massive light grey coloured PGR with few cordierite and granet grains. Weak shear bands. Unweathered/unaltered. 1.40 2.31 VGN 10 Moderately banded VGN with very low leucosome content (almost gneissic MGN). Locally garnet and cordierite, sillimanite is common. Unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP256 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.49 CONCRETE 0.49 2.07 VGN 10 Moderately banded VGN with garnet, cordierite and sillimanite. PGR vein at 0.67-0.79 m. Unweathered/unaltered. 2.07 3.50 PGR Light grey coloured massive PGR with cordierite. Mica bands at 3.10 m and 3.28 m, thickness ~2-3 cm. Unweathered/unaltered. 3.50 4.34 VGN 10 Weakly banded to irregular VGN with low leucosome content (almost MGN, locally gneissic). Cordierite and sillimanite, locally small amount of garnet. Unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP257 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.35 CONCRETE 0.35 1.37 VGN 10 Very low leucosome VGN (almost MGN) with sillimanite and cordierite. Unweathered/unaltered. At 1.25-1.34 thicker PGR leucosome vein.

Lithology 44 Appendix 8.6 ONK-PP258 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.37 CONCRETE 0.37 2.52 VGN 15 Moderately banded VGN with sillimanite, unweathered/unaltered. 2.52 4.03 PGR Light coloured PGR with cordierite and locally white mica. Very weak epidotization/illitization in places. 4.03 5.36 VGN 10 Moderately banded VGN with sillimanite, unweathered/unaltered. Cordierite in leucosome. ONK-PP259 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.34 CONCRETE 0.34 1.13 VGN 20 Moderately banded VGN with sillimanite and cordierite. Lots of cordierite in contact to PGR. Unweathered/unaltered. 1.13 4.81 PGR Pale coloured coarse grained PGR with garnet and cordierite. Weak shear bands and microfracturing. Very weak epidotization locally. At 3.80-4.00 m mica bands. 4.81 5.16 VGN 15 Short section of moderately banded VGN. Very weak spotty kaolinitization. 5.16 7.48 PGR Pale coloured coarse grained PGR with garnet and cordierite, locally apatite. Weak shear bands and microfracturing. Very weak epidotization locally. ONK-PP260 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.33 CONCRETE 0.33 0.50 VGN 10 Short section of moderately banded VGN. 0.50 4.58 PGR Pale coloured massive PGR with almandine garnet and white mica, locally cordierite. Few thin dark mica stripes. Occasionally small apatite grains. Unweathered/unaltered. 4.58 5.32 VGN 15 Moderately banded VGN with small amounts of sillimanite. Locally very weak spotty kaolinitization of feldspar. 5.32 5.96 PGR Pale coloured massive PGR with almandine garnet and white mica, locally cordierite. Occasionally small apatite grains. Weak shear bands at the start of the section. Unweathered/unaltered. 5.96 6.45 VGN 5 MGN-like irregularly folded BGN with just few leucosome spots. Lots of small scale folding in mica and sillimanite melanosome. Mostly unweathered/unaltered, weaklypinitized cordierite. 6.45 6.81 PGR Pale coloured massive PGR with almandine garnet and white mica, locally cordierite. Unweathered/unaltered. 6.81 7.45 VGN 10 Moderately banded VGN with small amounts of sillimanite and cordierite. Small scale folding in some leucosome veins. Unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP261 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.39 CONCRETE 0.39 3.89 PGR Pale coloured PGR with almandine garnet and cordierite. Locally small amounts of apatite and white mica. Very weak shear bands of sillimanite at places. Few mica stripes: 0.48 m, At 3.17-3.38 m more mica. Cordierite pinitized, otherwise unaltered/unweathered. 3.89 7.49 VGN 10 Moderately banded VGN with sillimanite, cordierite in leucosome. Very weak spotty kaolinitization of felspar locally, pinitization of cordierite. Otherwise unaltered/unweathered. Locally small folds in leucosome veins.

Lithology 45 Appendix 8.6 ONK-PP268 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.50 CONCRETE 0.50 1.40 PGR Light grey coloured coarse grained PGR with cordierite and garnet. Shear banding, especially at contact to VGN. Very weak illitization locally. 1.40 2.90 VGN 10 Weakly to moderatley banded, locally strongly gneissic VGN with sillimanite. Small amount of cordierite in leucosome. Unweathered/unaltered. 2.90 5.00 PGR Light grey coloured coarse grained PGR with cordierite. Weak shear banding, especially at contact to upper VGN. Very weak spotty kaolinitization at 4.00-4.20 m, very weak illitization locally. 5.00 6.33 VGN 20 Moderately banded VGN with sillimanite, cordierite in leucosome. Weak spotty kaolinitization. 6.33 7.46 PGR Light grey coloured coarse grained PGR with cordierite. Few mica bands. Pinitized cordierite, very weak illitization locally. ONK-PP269 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.44 CONCRETE 0.44 2.54 VGN 20 Weakly banded WGN with sillimanite, cordierite in leucosome. Few garnets also. Shear bands in leucosome at 1.95 m. Unweathered/unaltered. 2.54 3.65 PGR Coarse grained grey coloured massive PGR with cordierite. Few mica stripes. Very weak illitization at places, pinitized cordierite. 3.65 3.97 VGN 10 Short section of weakly banded VGN with sillimanite and pinitized cordierite. 3.97 4.86 PGR Coarse grained grey coloured massive PGR with cordierite. Few mica stripes. Very weak illitization at places, pinitized cordierite. 4.86 7.53 VGN 10 Weakly to moderately banded WGN with sillimanite, cordierite in leucosome. Few garnets and shear banding in leucusome at 7.25-7.35 m with also pyrite and graphite. Weak spotty kaolinitization at 4.70-5.00 m, mainly unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP270 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.43 CONCRETE 0.43 3.20 VGN 15 Weakly to moderatley bandede VGN with sillimanite, cordierite in leucosome. Small amounts of pyrite and graphite in thicker leucosome veins. Leucosome content increases downwards. Cordierite altered, otherwise unaltered/unweathered. 3.20 4.05 PGR Coarse grained grey coloured massive PGR with cordierite. 4.05 7.53 VGN 15 Moderately banded VGN with sillimanite. Cordierite in leucosome. Cordierite locally altered, otherwise unaltered/unweathered. ONK-PP271 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0 0.39 CONCRETE 0.39 1.00 PGR Coarse grained massive light grey PGR with cordierite. Shear banding. Unweathered/unaltered. 1.00 2.26 VGN 15 Weakly to moderately banded VGN with sillimanite. Small amounts of cordierite. Unweathered/unaltered. 2.26 3.83 PGR Coarse grained massive light grey PGR with cordierite. Shear banding. Very weak spotty kaolinitization and illitization locally. 3.83 6.49 VGN 15 Moderately banded VGN with sillimanite, cordierite in leucusome. Tjicker PGR veins at 4.38-4.74 m and 6.10-6.32 m. Shearing at leucosome vein 4.81-4.86 m. Locally very weak spotty kaolinitization at 4.30-6.40 m 6.49 7.49 PGR Coarse grained massive light grey PGR with cordierite. Cordierite altered, otherwise unaltered/unweathered.

Lithology 46 Appendix 8.6 ONK-PP272 M_FROM M_TO ROCK_TYPE LEUCOSOME % DESCRIPTION m m 0.00 0.58 CONCRETE 0.58 0.99 VGN 30 Short section of weakly banded VGN/DGN with cordierite, weak spotty kaolinitization. 0.99 1.44 PGR Coarse grained grey coloured massive PGR with cordierite. Few weak shear bands. Unweathered/unaltered. 1.44 2.49 VGN 10 Weakly to moderately abnded VGN with sillimanite, cordierite locally. Unweathered/unaltered.

Foliation 47 Appendix 8.7 ONK-PP253 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.52 1.00 MAS 0 PGR 1.00 2.00 MAS 0 PGR 2.00 3.00 MAS 0 PGR 3.00 4.00 3.25 165 27 73 155 MAS 0 PGR Measured from VGN inclusion BAN2 4.00 5.00 4.32 145 30 60 145 MAS 0 PGR Measured from mica band 5.00 6.00 5.49 165 35 55 165 BAN 2 VGN 6.00 6.35 6.18 170 33 57 170 BAN 2 VGN ONK-PP254 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.40 1.00 0.59 165 35 55 165 BAN 2 VGN 1.00 2.00 MAS 0 PGR 2.00 3.00 MAS 0 PGR 3.00 4.00 3.56 50 40 GNE 2 MGN 4.00 5.00 4.48 55 35 GNE 2 MGN 5.00 6.00 5.10 38 52 BAN 2 VGN almost GNE2 6.00 6.35 6.15 40 50 BAN 2 VGN ONK-PP255 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.54 1.00 0.70 BAN 1 VGN 1.00 2.00 1.74 50 BAN 2 VGN first 0.40 m MAS0 PGR 2.00 2.31 2.20 23 BAN 2 VGN almost gneissic foliation ONK-PP256 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.45 1.00 BAN 1 VGN 1.00 2.00 1.40 125 30 60 125 BAN 2 VGN almost GNE foliation 2.00 3.00 MAS 0 PGR 3.00 4.00 MAS 0 PGR 4.00 4.34 BAN 1 VGN almost GNE foliation, undulating ONK-PP257 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.35 1.00 0.45 185 45 45 185 BAN 2 VGN 1.00 1.37 1.13 170 30 70 170 BAN 2 VGN ONK-PP258 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.37 1.00 0.70 145 42 48 145 BAN 2 VGN 1.00 2.00 1.98 135 58 32 135 BAN 2 VGN 2.00 3.00 BAN 2 VGN 3.00 4.00 MAS 0 PGR 4.00 5.00 40 50 BAN 2 VGN 5.00 5.36 5.28 38 52 BAN 2 VGN ONK-PP259 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.34 1.00 0.60 160 50 40 160 BAN 2 VGN 1.00 2.00 MAS 0 PGR 2.00 3.00 MAS 0 PGR 3.00 4.00 MAS 0 PGR 4.00 5.00 35 60 65 60 MAS 0 PGR Foliation measured from short VGN inclusion, BAN2 5.00 6.00 MAS 0 PGR 6.00 7.00 MAS 0 PGR 7.00 7.48 MAS 0 PGR ONK-PP260 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.33 1.00 MAS 0 PGR First 0.17 m BAN2 VGN 1.00 2.00 MAS 0 PGR 2.00 3.00 MAS 0 PGR 3.00 4.00 MAS 0 PGR 4.00 5.00 MAS 0 PGR 5.00 6.00 5.20 65 BAN 2 VGN MAS0 - BAN2 6.00 7.00 IRR 0 VGN folded foliation, IRR0 and MAS0 7.00 7.45 7.06 36 BAN 2 VGN

Foliation 48 Appendix 8.7 ONK-PP261 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.39 1.00 MAS 0 PGR 1.00 2.00 MAS 0 PGR 2.00 3.00 MAS 0 PGR 3.00 4.00 MAS 0 PGR 4.00 5.00 4.5 150 28 62 150 BAN 2 VGN 5.00 6.00 5.1 80 17 73 80 BAN 2 VGN 6.00 7.00 6.75 175 45 45 175 BAN 2 VGN 7.00 7.45 7.35 170 30 60 170 BAN 2 VGN ONK-PP268 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.50 1.00 MAS 0 PGR 1.00 2.00 1.53 30 60 BAN 1 VGN 2.00 3.00 2.34 52 38 BAN 2 VGN 3.00 4.00 MAS 0 PGR 4.00 5.00 MAS 0 PGR 5.00 6.00 5.1 30 50 BAN 2 VGN 6.00 7.00 MAS 0 PGR 7.00 7.46 MAS 0 PGR ONK-PP269 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.44 1.00 0.84 135 40 50 135 BAN 2 VGN 1.00 2.00 1.44 135 40 50 135 BAN 1 VGN 2.00 3.00 2.53 150 47 43 150 BAN 1 VGN 3.00 4.00 MAS 0 PGR 4.00 5.00 MAS 0 PGR 5.00 6.00 5.51 165 49 41 165 BAN 2 VGN 6.00 7.00 6.43 160 40 50 160 BAN 2 VGN 7.00 7.53 7.18 170 42 48 170 BAN 1 VGN ONK-PP270 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.43 1.00 0.74 185 62 28 185 BAN 2 VGN 1.00 2.00 1.43 180 45 45 180 BAN 1 VGN 2.00 3.00 2.38 150 40 50 150 BAN 2 VGN 3.00 4.00 MAS 0 PGR 4.00 5.00 4.62 135 55 35 135 BAN 1 VGN 5.00 6.00 5.75 150 45 45 150 BAN 2 VGN 6.00 7.00 6.38 155 38 52 155 BAN 2 VGN 7.00 7.53 7.14 165 40 50 165 BAN 2 VGN ONK-PP271 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.39 1.00 MAS 0 PGR 1.00 2.00 1.75 32 58 BAN 2 VGN 2.00 3.00 MAS 0 PGR 3.00 4.00 MAS 0 PGR 4.00 5.00 4.36 35 55 BAN 2 VGN 5.00 6.00 5.81 35 55 BAN 2 VGN 6.00 7.00 BAN 1 VGN 7.00 7.49 MAS 0 PGR ONK-PP272 M_FROM M_TO DEPTH_M DIP_DIR DIP ALPHA BETA FOLIATION FOLIATION ROCK_TYPE REMARKS m m m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) TYPE INTENSITY 0.58 1.00 BAN 1 VGN 1.00 2.00 1.75 150 32 58 150 BAN 1 VGN 2.00 2.49 2.22 170 53 37 170 BAN 2 VGN

List of fractures 49 Appendix 8.8 ONK-PP253 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 3.45 23 190 190 61 light grey, white CC, KA ti uro 3 1 ONK-PP254 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile Fracture ends in the sample, weak 1 1.06 56 170 170 34 black, white KL, KA 0.2 fi psm 1 3 striations. 2 5.13 51 39 black, grey KL, SV 0.2 fi psm 1 3 Fracture parallel to foliation ONK-PP255 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile Possible fracture, can also be 1 0.60 50 black BT ti uro 3 1 2 0.75 60 black BT ti uro 3 1 slightly altered break at foliation surface or EDZ. Partly sheared by drilling. Possible fracture, can also be slightly altered break at foliation surface or EDZ ONK-PP256 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 1.90 55 155 155 35 light grey CC ti uro 3 1 2 3.28 90 0 0 white KA 0.2 fi uro 3 2 Thin partial filling on foliation surface. ONK-PP257 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 0.37 60 170 170 30 ti pro 1.5 1 Possible fracture or EDZ. An opened break at start of the sample, glued with concrete fill. ONK-PP258 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 2.89 80 125 125 10 white KA, SV 0.5 fi uro 3 3 ONK-PP259 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 4.87 62 160 160 28 white KA 0.1 fi uro 3 2 ONK-PP260 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 4.84 18 black, light brown SK 0.1 fi pro 1.5 2 Partly closed, ends in the sample. 2 5.32 70 black BT, KL 0.2 fi uro 3 3 Possible fracture, smooth biotite surfaces. ONK-PP261 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 5.20 35 200 200 55 white SV 1 fi pro 1.5 3 kaolinite/nacrite? 2 5.51 31 250 250 59 light grey CC, SV 0.2 fi pro 1.5 2 Small amount of illite?

List of fractures 50 Appendix 8.8 ONK-PP268 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 4.03 28 62 white, yellowish green KA, IL 0.1 fi uro 3 2 2 4.18 29 61 white KA 0.3 fi uro 3 3 3 4.23 57 33 white KA 0.3 fi uro 3 3 4 4.58 78 12 white, light brown KA, SK 0.1 fi uro 3 1 5 5.08 49 41 black, white BT, KA 0.1 ti pro 1.5 1 Parallel to foliation 6 5.68 58 32 black, white KL, SV 0.2 fisl usl 1.5 4 Parallel to foliation 7 6.23 50 40 black, white KL, SV 0.2 fisl usl 1.5 4 Parallel to foliation 8 6.28 54 36 black, greenish yellow KL, IL 0.2 fisl usl 1.5 4 Parallel to foliation 9 6.45 50 40 black, greenish yellow KL, IL 0.2 fisl usl 1.5 4 10 6.59 70 20 light grey CC 0.2 fi pro 1.5 2 11 6.93 56 34 bleck, light grey KL, CC 0.1 fisl usl 1.5 3 12 6.97 70 20 greenish yellow, light grey CC, IL 0.2 fisl usl 1.5 3 13 7.13 69 21 light grey CC 0.1 fi pro 1.5 2 14 7.41 85 5 light grey CC 0.2 fi pro 1.5 2 15 7.46 65 25 light grey CC 0.1 fi pro 1.5 2 ONK-PP269 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 2.39 48 165 165 42 black, white KL, KA 0.2 fi usm 2 4 2 6.41 46 170 170 44 black, light grey, yellowish green KL, CC, IL 0.3 fisl psl 0.5 4 3 6.42 49 170 170 41 black, light grey, yellowish green KL, CC 0.2 fisl psl 0.5 4 ONK-PP270 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 2.38 50 150 150 40 black KL 0.1 fi psm 1 3 2 2.56 40 155 155 50 black BT, KL 0.1 fi usm 2 2 3 4.24 58 135 135 32 light grey, white CC, KA 0.2 fi uro 3 2 4 4.63 34 160 160 56 black BT, KL 0.1 fi usm 2 3 5 6.38 53 160 160 37 black, light grey KL, CC 0.3 fi psm 1 4 6 6.44 50 160 160 40 black, light grey KL, CC 0.3 fi usm 2 3 ONK-PP271 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 2.58 68 22 light grey, white KA, CC 0.2 fi uro 3 2 2 2.76 60 30 white KA 0.2 fi uro 3 2 3 2.82 53 37 white KA 0.2 fi pro 1.5 2 Parallel to foliation 4 3.05 305 25 65 light grey, white KA, CC 0.1 01 fi uro 3 0.75 075 closed 5 5.60 43 47 black, white KL, KA 0.3 fi psm 1 4 6 6.40 78 12 black, white, yellowish green KL, KA, IL 0.2 fisl psl 0.5 4 Parallel to foliation 7 6.46 70 20 black, white, yellowish green KL, KA, IL 0.3 fisl usl 1.5 4 Parallel to foliation 8 6.49 35 55 black, white KL, KA 0.2 fi psm 1 4 Splitting, parallel to foliation 9 6.69 57 33 CC ti sro 4 1 10 7.00 67 23 light grey CC, KA 0.1 fi sro 4 1 11 7.10 60 30 light grey CC, KA 0.1 fi sro 4 1 12 7.11 70 20 light grey CC, KA 0.3 fi pro 1.5 2 ONK-PP272 FRACTURE M_FROM CORE_ALPHA CORE_BETA CORE_DIR CORE_DIP COLOUR_OF FRACTURE THICKNESS_OF TYPE Jr Jr Ja REMARKS m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FRACTURE_SURFACE FILLING FILLING (mm) Profile 1 0.74 57 220 220 33 white KA 0.1 fi uro 3 2

Fracture frequency and RQD 51 Appendix 8.9 ONK-PP253 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.52 1.00 4 0 4 100 RQD 0.48m/0.48m 1.00 2.00 4 0 4 100 2.00 3.00 3 0 3 100 3.00 4.00 3 1 2 100 4.00 5.00 2 0 2 100 5.00 6.00 2 0 2 100 6.00 6.35 0 0 0 100 RQD 0.35m/0.35m ONK-PP254 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.40 1.00 1 0 1 100 RQD 0.60m/0.60m 1.00 2.00 4 1 3 100 2.00 3.00 5 0 5 100 3.00 4.00 2 0 2 100 4.00 5.00 2 0 2 100 5.00 6.00 4 1 3 100 6.00 6.35 1 0 1 100 RQD 0.35m/0.35m ONK-PP255 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.54 1.00 4 2 2 100 RQD 0.46m/0.46m 1.00 2.00 3 0 3 100 2.00 2.31 1 0 1 100 RQD 0.31m/0.31m ONK-PP256 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.49 1.00 2 0 2 100 RQD 0.51m/0.51m 1.00 2.00 5 1 4 100 2.00 3.00 4 0 4 100 3.00 4.00 3 1 2 100 4.00 4.34 1 0 1 100 RQD 0.34m/0.34m ONK-PP257 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.35 1.00 2 1 1 100 RQD 0.65m/0.65m 1.00 1.37 1 0 1 100 RQD 0.37m/0.37m ONK-PP258 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.37 1.00 3 0 3 100 RQD 0.63m/0.63m 1.00 2.00 2 0 2 100 2.00 3.00 3 1 2 100 3.00 4.00 5 0 5 100 4.00 5.00 1 0 1 100 5.00 5.36 1 0 1 100 RQD 0.36m/0.36m ONK-PP259 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.34 1.00 3 0 3 100 RQD 0.66m/0.66m 1.00 2.00 2 0 2 100 2.00 3.00 3 0 3 100 3.00 4.00 4 0 4 100 4.00 5.00 3 1 2 100 5.00 6.00 3 0 3 100 6.00 7.00 4 0 4 100 7.00 7.48 2 0 2 100 RQD 0.48m/0.48m ONK-PP260 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.33 1.00 5 0 5 100 RQD 0.67m/0.67m 1.00 2.00 3 0 3 100 2.00 3.00 3 0 3 100 3.00 4.00 2 0 2 100 4.00 5.00 4 1 3 100 5.00 6.00 2 1 1 100 6.00 7.00 2 0 2 100 7.00 7.45 1 0 1 100 RQD 0.45m/0.45m

Fracture frequency and RQD 52 Appendix 8.9 ONK-PP261 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.39 1.00 4 0 4 100 RQD 0.61m/0.61m 1.00 2.00 7 0 7 100 2.00 3.00 5 0 5 100 3.00 4.00 1 0 1 100 4.00 5.00 4 0 4 100 5.00 6.00 4 2 2 100 6.00 7.00 1 0 1 100 7.00 7.49 2 1 1 100 RQD 0.49m/0.49m ONK-PP268 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.50 1.00 4 0 4 100 RQD 0.50m/0.50m 1.00 2.00 3 0 3 100 2.00 3.00 1 0 1 100 3.00 4.00 2 0 2 100 4.00 5.00 4 4 0 95 5.00 6.00 3 2 1 100 6.00 7.00 7 6 1 91 7.00 7.46 4 2 2 89 RQD 0.41m/0.46m ONK-PP269 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.44 1.00 5 0 5 100 propably EDZ, RQD 0.56m/0.56m 1.00 2.00 1 0 1 100 2.00 3.00 2 1 1 100 3.00 4.00 2 0 2 100 4.00 5.00 3 0 3 100 5.00 6.00 2 0 2 100 6.00 7.00 3 2 1 99 7.00 7.53 0 0 0 100 RQD 0.53m/0.53m ONK-PP270 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.43 1.00 4 0 4 100 RQD 0.57m/0.57m 1.00 2.00 2 0 2 100 2.00 3.00 5 2 3 100 3.00 4.00 2 0 2 100 4.00 5.00 2 2 0 100 5.00 6.00 2 0 2 100 6.00 7.00 3 2 1 94 7.00 7.53 1 0 1 100 RQD 0.53m/0.53m ONK-PP271 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.39 1.00 5 0 5 100 RQD 0.61m/0.61m 1.00 2.00 2 0 2 100 2.00 3.00 4 3 1 94 3.00 4.00 1 1 1 100 4.00 5.00 3 0 3 100 5.00 6.00 1 1 0 100 6.00 7.00 5 4 1 91 7.00 7.49 3 3 0 78 RQD 0.38m/0.49m ONK-PP272 M_FROM M_TO ALL_FRACTURES NAT_FRACTURES MECHANICAL_INDUCED RQD Remarks m m pieces/m pieces/m pieces/m % 0.58 1.00 4 1 3 100 RQD 0.42m/0.42m 1.00 2.00 3 0 3 100 2.00 2.49 0 0 0 100 RQD 0.49m/0.49m

Weathering 53 Appendix 8.10 ONK-PP253 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE Locally very weak spotty kaolinitization, weak epidotization near fracture. Practically 0.52 6.35 Rp0 unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP254 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE 0.40 6.35 Rp0 Unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP255 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE 0.54 2.31 Rp0 Unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP256 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE 0.49 4.34 Rp0 Unweathered/unaltered ONK-PP257 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE 0.35 1.37 Rp0 Unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP258 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE 0.37 5.36 Rp0 Unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP259 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE 0.34 7.48 Rp0 Unweathered/unaltered ONK-PP260 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE Only weak pinitization in cordierite. 0.33 7.45 Rp0 Otherwise unweather/unaltered rock. ONK-PP261 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE Pinitization of cordierite. Locally very weak spotty kaolinitization. Practically 0.39 7.49 Rp0 unweathered/unaltered.

Weathering 54 Appendix 8.10 ONK-PP268 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE Very weak spotty kaolinitization and illitization locally. Mainly 0.50 7.46 Rp0 unaltered/unweathered. ONK-PP269 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE Locally very weak spotty kaolinitization, very weak illitization in leucosome/pgr and pinitized cordierite. Mainly 0.44 7.53 Rp0 unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP270 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE Cordierite altered locally, mainly 0.43 7.53 Rp0 unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP271 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE 0.39 7.49 Rp0 Locally very weak spotty kaolinitization and illitization, mostly unweathered/unaltered. ONK-PP272 M_FROM M_TO WEATHERING Remarks m m DEGREE Weak spotty kaolinitization locally, mainly 0.58 2.49 Rp0 unweathered/unaltered.

Q'-classification 55 Appendix 8.11 ONK-PP253 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.52 6.35 5.83 583 1 100.0 100.0 1 URO 3.0 1.00 Extremely Good 300 ONK-PP254 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.40 6.35 5.95 595 2 100.0 100.0 1 PSM 1.0 3.00 Good 36 ONK-PP255 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.54 2.31 1.77 177 2 100.0 100.0 1 URO 3.0 1.00 Extremely Good 300 ONK-PP256 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.49 4.34 3.85 385 2 100.0 100.0 1 URO 3.0 1.50 Extremely Good 200 ONK-PP257 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.35 1.37 1.02 102 1 100.0 100.0 1 PRO 1.5 1.00 Extremely Good 150 ONK-PP258 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 037 0.37 536 5.36 499 4.99 499 1 100.0 0 100.0 0 1 URO 30 3.0 300 3.00 Extremely Good 100 ONK-PP259 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.34 7.48 7.14 714 1 100.0 100.0 0.5 URO 4.0 2.00 Extremely Good 1 added to Jr 300 ONK-PP260 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.33 7.45 7.12 712 2 100.0 100.0 1 PRO 2.3 2.50 Very Good 90 ONK-PP261 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.39 5.19 4.80 480 0 100.0 100.0 0.5 5.0 0.75 Exceptionally Good 1333 5.19 7.49 2.30 230 3 100.0 100.0 2 PRO 1.5 3.00 Good 25

Q'-classification 56 Appendix 8.11 ONK-PP268 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.50 4.02 3.52 352 0 100.0 100.0 0.5 5.0 0.75 Exceptionally Good 1333 4.02 5.67 1.65 160 5 97.0 97.0 2 URO 3.0 2.00 Very Good 73 5.67 6.46 0.79 74 4 93.7 93.7 2 USL 1.5 4.00 Good 18 6.46 7.46 1.00 91 5 91.0 91.0 2 PRO 1.5 2.00 Good 34 ONK-PP269 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.44 2.38 1.94 194 0 100.0 100.0 1 5.0 0.75 Exceptionally Good 667 2.38 6.43 4.05 404 3 99.8 99.8 2 PSL 0.5 4.00 Fair 6 6.43 7.53 1.10 110 0 100.0 100.0 1 5.0 0.75 Exceptionally Good 667 ONK-PP270 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.43 7.53 7.10 704 6 99.2 99.2 2 URO 2.0 3.00 Good 33 ONK-PP271 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.39 2.57 2.18 218 0 100.0 100.0 1 5.0 0.75 Exceptionally Good 667 2.57 3.06 0.49 43 4 87.8 87.8 2 URO 3.0 2.00 Very Good 66 3.06 5.59 2.53 253 0 100.0 100.0 1 5.0 0.75 Exceptionally Good 667 5.59 7.49 1.90 170 8 89.5 89.5 3 PSL 1.5 3.00 Good 15 ONK-PP272 M_FROM M_TO LENGTH OF > 10 cm Number_of RQD RQD Jn Jr Ja ROCK_QUALITY_CLASS CLASS_OF_THE Core loss REMARKS m m SECTION, m cm fractures % >10 profile median median Q' FRACTURED_ZONE (m) Q 0.58 2.49 1.91 191 1 100.0 100.0 1 URO 3.0 2.00 Extremely Good 150

Deviation surveys 57 Appendix 8.12 EMS-survey Declination 6.1E ONK-PP224 Station East North Elevation Dip Azimuth Metres Metres Metres Metres Degrees Degrees 0 1525432.14 6792303.57-346.99 10.2 64.0 3 1525434.80 6792304.84-346.46 10.1 64.7 6 1525437.47 6792306.12-345.94 9.9 64.1 9 1525440.12 6792307.42-345.42 9.9 63.8 12 1525442.78 6792308.71-344.91 9.7 64.2 15 1525445.44 6792310.00-344.41 9.8 64.2 18 1525448.10 6792311.29-343.90 9.8 64.0 21 1525450.76 6792312.58-343.39 9.7 64.2 24 1525453.42 6792313.87-342.88 9.8 64.0 27 1525456.08 6792315.17-342.37 9.8 63.9 EMS-survey Declination 6.1E ONK-PP225 Station East North Elevation Dip Azimuth Metres Metres Metres Metres Degrees Degrees 0 1525432.30 6792303.58-347.3 9.6 64.6 3 1525434.98 6792304.84-346.8 9.3 64.8 6 1525437.65 6792306.12-346.4 9.4 64.0 9 1525440.31 6792307.41-345.9 9.3 64.1 12 1525442.97 6792308.70-345.4 9.3 64.3 15 1525445.64 6792309.99-344.9 9.3 64.3 18 1525448.31 6792311.28-344.4 9.3 64.1 21 1525450.97 6792312.57-343.9 9.3 64.1 24 1525453.63 6792313.86-343.5 9.3 64.1 27 1525456.30 6792315.15-343.0 9.3 64.2 EMS-survey Declination 6.1E ONK-PP226 Station East North Elevation Dip Azimuth Metres Metres Metres Metres Degrees Degrees 0 1525469.61 6792293.51-344.2-12.8 3.3 3 1525469.75 6792296.43-344.9-13.1 2.3 6 1525469.87 6792299.35-345.6-13.0 2.3 9 1525469.99 6792302.27-346.3-13.0 2.4 12 1525470.11 6792305.19-346.9-13.0 2.4 15 1525470.24 6792308.11-347.6-13.0 2.6 18 1525470.37 6792311.03-348.3-13.0 2.4 21 1525470.49 6792313.95-349.0-13.0 2.3 24 1525470.60 6792316.87-349.6-13.0 2.2 27 1525470.71 6792319.79-350.3-12.9 2.1 30 1525470.82 6792322.71-351.0-13.0 2.3 33 1525470.94 6792325.64-351.7-13.1 2.2

CORE PHOTOGRAPHS 59 ONK-PP253 ONK-PP254

CORE PHOTOGRAPHS 60 ONK-PP255 ONK-PP256 ONK-PP257

CORE PHOTOGRAPHS 61 ONK-PP258