What more can we do?

Transkriptio

1 HELSINKI CITY URBAN FACTS OFFICE: web publications Lina Laurent What more can we do? Multicultural Girl Work in Practice Developing a Multicultural Action Plan for the Girls House, A Meeting Place for Girls and Young Women in Helsinki Web Publications ISSN ISBN FURTHER INFORMATION lina.laurent@helsinki.fi harry.schulman@hel.fi

2 Abstract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4 Sammandrag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

5 V;12%/,2 =$$<$12.&-S R/--/04%/3 Contents 1. Introduction 7 G:G^/,)3%(6042( _ G:"`.1./%,+76.12$(01 GG G:KV,2$(0%.1./%,+ G" 2. Different Perspectives on Multiculturalism 14 ":G@$12(%5(82+.,(0,.F2 GW ":"Q6&2$,6&26%/&$1-/04/,,6&26%/2$(012%/2.3$.1 GI ":Ka6.12$(0$03-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- Gb ":WM02.%,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(0/04-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- G_ ":I^.0.8$21(8-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- "H ":c[%.,(04$2$(018(%-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- "G ":bd(603$--$3%/021$0@.&1$0)$ "" 3. Organizational Culture 25 K:Ge6&26%.$0(%3/0$J/2$(01 "c K:"f+/24(.1,6&26%/&4$<.%1$25;%$032(/0(%3/0$J/2$(0g "b K:K[&6%/&$12$,(%3/0$J/2$(04.<.&(F-.02 "_ 4. The Girls House 31 W:G f+5(0&53$%&1g KG W:"^/,)3%(6042(2+.8(604$03(82+.#$%&1h@(61. K" W:K=+.#$%&1?@(61.T/F/%20.%1+$FF%(D.,2 KK W:W^/1$,</&6.1(82+.#$%&1?@(61. KW W:IV,2$<$2$.1F%(<$4.48(%3$%&1 KW W:c[/%2$,$F/2$(0;53$%&1(84$88.%.02/3.1 Kc I

6 5. Research Design 37 I:GV,2$(0%.1./%,+ Kb I:"M02.%<$.'1/04F/%2$,$F/021 WH I:K[/%2$,$F/02(;1.%</2$(0 WK I:W=+.8/&&(8"HHK/04/>25F$,/&A4/5 WI I:IQ.2+(4(8/0/&51$1 Wb 6 Research Findings and Analysis of the Data 49 c:gq6&2$,6&26%/&$1-;.8(%.2+.f%(d.,2 Wi c:"m--.4$/2.3(/&18(%2+.f%(d.,2/04%.1./%,+ IH c:kq6&2$,6&26%/&$1-4.8$0.4;52+.12/88 IW c:wy.<.&(f$03-6&2$,6&26%/&/,2$<$2$.1 cg c:w:ge(-;$0$03%.1./%,+/04'(%) c" c:w:"r.-$0/%(0-6&2$,6&26%/&3$%&'(%) cw c:w:ke6&26%.[/2+ ci c:i9626%.'$1+.1/043(/&1 cc c:i:g\-f&(5..1'$2+$--$3%/02;/,)3%(6041 cc c:i:"=%/$0$03$0-6&2$,6&26%/&$116.1 c_ c:i:k9(,61$03(02+.3$%&1 ci 7 Conclusion and Discussion 72 b:g[%(f(1/&8(%q6&2$,6&26%/&v,2$(0[&/0 b" b:"j$-$2/2$(01( _H b:k9%(-+.%.(0'/%41 _" References 85 Appendices 91 M=(F$,18(%2+.-.$02.%<$.'1'$2+12/88-.-;.%1 MM=..-/+//12/22.&602..-/2 MMM=$-.&$0.(82+.%.1./%,+F%(,.11*9/&&"HHK c

7 1. Introduction #$%&1?1264$.1*'$2+2+.8(,61(0-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-*$1/8$.&42+/2+/10(25.2;..03$<.0-6,+ /22.02$(02($09$0&/04:f$2+$0,%./1$03$--$3%/2$(0*+('.<.%*0.'-(4.&1(85(62+'(%)/04 3$%&'(%)0..42(;.4.<.&(F.4:V2/3&(;/&&.<.&*2+.+6-/0%$3+21(83$%&1/04'(-.0/%. $-F(%2/ /2/%.8%.76.02&54$1,611.4:U0.(82+.k0$2.4]/2$(01Q$&&.00$6-#(/&1 $1 2( F%(-( %.76/&$25 /04 2(.-F('.% '(-.0 Bk0$2.4 ]/2$(01* "HHGE: M0 9$0&/04*.-F+/1$J$03'(-.0?1/043$%&1?+6-/0%$3+21+/<.;..0$08(,61$02+.#(<.%0-.02?1F(&$,5 (8+6-/0%$3+21*;(2+/2/0$02.%0/2$(0/&/04/0/2$(0/&&.<.&:RF.,$/&/%./1(8$02.%.12+/<. ;..0* 8(%.L/-F&.* 2+. F%(-(2$(0 (8 1.L6/& /04 %.F%(46,2$<. %$3+21* 2+..&$-$0/2$(0 (8 <$(&.0,. /3/$012 '(-.0 /04* '(-.0?1 /04 3$%&1?.46,/2$(0: BZ/&2$(0.6<(12(0 1.&(02.)(* "HHW* T_iE: =(4/5*2+.,(0,.F2(83&(;/&$J/2$(0/044$1,611$(01/;(62/0$0,%./1$03&5-6&2$,6&26%/&'(%&4 +/<. ;.,(-. F/%2 (8.<.%54/5 &$8. /04 $2 $1 +/%4 2( /<($4 2+.,(0,.F2 (8-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-: R2/2.*,(--60$2$.1*(88$,$/&1/04F.(F&.3.0.%/&&5/&&61.2+.,(0,.F2(8-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-*; $3+2/&&-./04$88.%.022+$031'+.061$03$2/04$2$1(82.00(2/2/&&,&./%'+/22+.2.%- %./&&5 -./01 B`.L* GiiW* KHN R(,$/&125%.&1.0* Giii* "KE: U%$3$0/&&5* &2$,6&26%/&$1-,(0,.F2 '/1 4.<.&(F.4 $0 e/0/4/ $02( / F(&$2$,/& 12%/2.35 /04* 8%(- 2+.%.* $2 1F%./4 2( V612%/&$//04\6%(F.46%$032+../%&5GibH1BR,+$.%6F*GiiW*GHE:M'$&&4$1,6112+.,(0,.F2 $0 / &/%3.%,(02.L2 &/2.% (0 $0 2+$ : M0 9$0&/04* +('.<.%* -6&2$,6&26%/&$1- $0 F6;&$, 4$1,611$(0+/1; (4.1,%$;.,6&26%/&4$<.%1$25$0/F(1$2$<.1.01.*'+.%.2+..-F+/1$1 $1 F&/,.4 6F(0.76/&$25 /04 F/%20.%1+$F: M2 -/5 ;. 0(2.4 /&1( 2+/ $00$1+ V,2 (0 2+. M02.3%/2$(0 (8 M--$3%/021 /04 `.,.F2$(0 (8 V15&6- R..).%1 BWiKlGiiiE 1F./)1 (8 / -6&2$,6&26%/&1(,$.25: =+. /$- (8 2+. F% $1 2(.L/-$ F%(,.11 (8 4.<.&(F$03 /0 /,2$(0 F&/0 8(% -/)$032+.>Girls House ( Tyttöjen Talo ) -(%.-6&2$,6&26%/&:= /1F%.<$(61&5 /3.4GH2("I5./%1:M02+$ ,(0,.F21>3$%&A/04>3$%&1A%.8.%2(;(2+3$%&1/045(603 '(-.0: M +/<.,+(1.0 2( $1 ;%(/4 4.8$0$2$(0 (8 >3$%&A ;.,/61. (8 $21 +$12(%$,/& ;/,)3%(604'$2+$02+.8$.&4(8>3$%&'(%)A$09$0&/04:=+.,(0,.F2(83$%&'(%)%.8.%12('(%) 4(0.'$2+/04/-(033$%&1/045(603'(-.0/04*2+.,(0,.F2(8>3$%&1?1264$.1A%.8.%12( %.1./%,+(0/041264$.1/-(033$%&1/045(603'(-.0: b

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iii: m//0/ js+2..0-//*(0.(82+.'.&&t)0('0%.1./%,+.%1'$2+$02+.8$.&4(83$%&1?1264$.1*+/1/1) $(0P '+5 $1 2+.%. 1( &$22&. /,2$(0 %.1./%,+ $0 8.-$0$12 %.1./%,+g V,,(%4$03 2( +.%* /,2$(0 %.1./%,+ -$3+2 ;. 2+. (0&5 -(%/&&5,(%%.,2 '/5 2(.0&$3+2.0 /04.-/0,$F/2. 3$%&1* ;.,/61. $2 8(%, %.1./%,+.% / %.1./%,+.4 2( F/%2$,$F/2. $0 /0.76/& 4$/&(36. BjS+2..0-//*"HH"*"_"E: V0 604.%&5$03 /116-F2$(0 $0 2+$ $1 2+/2 $0 (%4.% 2( F%(-(2. -6&2$,6&26%/&$1-* /0 ;..0 /05 F%.<$( (,61$03 (0-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- /2 /0 (%3/0$J/2$(0/& &.<.&: O/2J /04 Q$&&.%BGiiIEF($02(622+/2$0(%4.%2(/,+$.<./-6&2$,6&26%/&(%3/0$J/2$(0*2+.%.-612;./,&./%/044$%.,2<$1$(0(0+('2(-/).2+.'(%)8(%,.-(%.4$<.%1./042+.'(%),6&26%.-(%. $0,&61$<.:O/2J/04Q$&&.%,%$2$,$J.>4$<.%1$258(%4$<.%1$25?11/).A/04,/&&8(%/,&./%12%/2.3$, multiculturalism2+.%.8(% (;.4.8$0.4;52+.(%3/0$j/2$(0/1/0$-f(%2/02f/%2(8 2+$1F%(,.11: 1.1 Background to the study `.1./%,+ +/1 %.<./&.4 2+/2 $--$3%/02 3$%&1 %60 / 3%./2.% %$1) (8 -/%3$0/&$J/2$(0 2+/0 $--$3%/02 ;(51 BR$&<.00($0.0* "HHG* G"HN j$.;)$04 n m/1$01)/d/tj/+2$* "HHH* GGIE: M0 2+. _

9 '+.0 %.<$.'$ F$,/& /22.04/0,. (8 2+.,.02.%1 BM&<.1* Gii_* "HWE: ^(2+ -60$,$F/&$25 (88$,$/&1/04%.1./%,+.%12+.%.8(%.12%.112+/25(62+'(%)1+(6&42%52(%./,+(622($--$3%/02 3$%&1 $0 / -(%..L2.01$<. '/5 BR$&<.00($0.0* "HHG* G"HN M&<.1* Gii_* "HWE: Y$%.,2(% Q/%$ k61$2/&(/22+.#$%&1?@(61.1/$42+/2>2+$1$1(0.(82+.-/$0,+/&&.03.1$0-6&2$,6&26%/&'(%) 2+/22+.#$%&1?@(61.8/,.12(4/5AB[%(Q.-(%$/*"cQ/5"HHKE: V,,(%4$032(@/%$0.0*O.1)$1/&(/04[.%+(B"HHG*"KHE5(62+,.02.%1/%.,.02%/&F&/,.18(% 5(62+ '(%) /04 $-F(%2/02 F&/,.1 8(% -/05 5(603 F.(F&.: =+$1 $1 ' /%. $0 / ).5 F(1$2$(08(%F%(-(2$03-6&2$,6&26%/&5(62+'(%):Q6&2$,6&26%/&5(62+'(%)1+(6&4;.8(,61.4 6F(0;(2+5(6039$001/1'.&&/12(5(603$--$3%/021:R(8/%*9$00$1+/4(&.1,.021/1'.&&/1 /46&21 +/<. ;..0 3$<.0 $01688$,$.02 /22.02$(0 '+.0 $2,(-.1 2( 1264$.1 (0-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-: f+.0-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-/04$--$3%/2$(0+/<.;..04$1,611.4*2+.8(,61+/1-(12(82.0;..0 (0$--$3%/021/04(0+('2+.5/4/F22(/0.',6&26%.:=+.%.8(%.-(%./22.02$(01+(6&40(' ;. 3$<.0 2( 2+. -/D(%$25,6&26%. /04 +(' $--$3%/2$(0 /88.,21 -.-;.%1 (8 2+$1 4(-$0/02,6&26%.B1...:3:j$.;)$04*"HHH*GiNm/1$01)/D/Tj/+2$.2/&:*"HH"*G"bN^.%%5.2/&:*"HH"*KI"N R/-nUFF.4/&*"HH"*IE: M0V63612"HHK*2+.#$%&1?@(61.12/%2.42(8(,61 -(%. (0-6&2$,6&26%/&/,2$<$2$.1'$2+$0/ F%(D.,2* '+$,+ '/1,/%%$.4 (62 $0,(&&/;(%/2$(0 '$2+ O/&&$(&/0 O/01/0(F$12( / V46&2 \46,/2$(0e.02.%(82+.e$25(8m5<S1)5&S:=+.F%(D.,2+/4(;2/$0.48(604$038%(-2+.^(/%4 (8\46,/2$(0BUF.261+/&&$261E/04O/&&$(&/0O/01/0(F$12(%./&$J.4$21F/%2(82+.F%(D.,2/22+. #$%&1?@(61./04/22+.O$<$))(d(62+e.02.%:B@/).-61*"HH":E=+./$-1(82+.F%(D.,2$0 2+.#$%&1?@(61.'.%.2(16FF(%2/0412% $4.02$25(8$--$3%/023$%&1*2(/,2$</2. $--$3%/02 3$%&1? 8/-$&$.1 /04 2( $0,%./ F/%2$,$F/2$(0 (8 $--$3%/02 3$%&1 $ $%&1?8/-$&$.1:BQ//F.%S*"c:I:"HHK:E =+$1F%(D.,2,%./2.4/0..42(12645+('2+.0.'/,2$<$2$.1'.%.,/%%$.4(62$0F%/,2$,./042( /0/&5J.2+.0.''(%)-.2+(41;.$0361.4:U0./$-(82+$1F% $12(/01'.%2+( :M0"HHK*/0(2+.%12645%.&/2.42(-6&2$,6&26%/&$116.1'/1-/4./22+.#$%&1?@(61.: [$%$2/[66))(B"HHKE'%(2.+.%;/,+.&(%2+.1$18(%j/6%./[(&52.,+0$,\1F((M012$262.*'$ $2&. >f+/2 $1 / #((4 [%(8.11$(0/& Q6&2$,6&26%/& #$%& f(%)ga [66))( $02.%<$.'.4 8(6% $--$3%/023$%&12+/2+/4%.36&/%&5<$1$2.42+.#$%&1?@(61.$0(%4.%2((;2/$02+.$%<$.'1(8 '+/23((4-6&2$,6&26%/&'(%)$1:[66))(? $<.1/<$.'(0'+/22+.F/%2$,$F/0212+$0) i

10 / ;5 [66))(,(-F&.-.02./,+ (2+.% /04 F%(<$ '$2+ $08(%-/2$(02+/2,/0;.61.4$04.<.&(F$03$21/,2$<$2$.1$ %.: Q5 ('0 $02.%.12 $ /1 $21 %((21 $ /% "HHH* '+.0* M /1 / D(6%0/&$12 '%(2./0/%2$,&./;( '&58(604.4e.02.%:\<.02+.0*MF/$4/22.02$(02(2+.8/,22+/2 2+.@(61./$-.4/2/22%/,2$033$%&1'$2+4$88.% $,;/,)3%(6041:M'/1/&1(,(0861.4; %-$0(&(3561.4;52+.12/88:f+.0(0.(82+.12/88-.-;.%12/&).4/;(62/-6&2$,6&26%/& 3$%&1? 3%(6F* 1+. 2/&).4 /;(62 / 3%(6F '+.%. ;( $%&1 /1 '.&& /1 2+. $012%6,2(% +/4 / `611$/0;/,)3%(604:9(%-.*-6&2$,6&26%/&-./021(-.2+$03.&1.NM/11(,$/ %-'$2+ $02.%/,2$(0;.2'..01.<.%/&,6&26%/&3%(6F1:M0"HHK*'+.0M12/%2.42(2+$0)(8/F&/,.'+.%. M,(6&44(-5$02.%01+$F*M,/-.2(2+$0)/;(622+.#$%&1?@(61.:M'/02.42()0('+('2+. /,2$<$2$.1 $0 2+. e.02.% +/4 12/%2.4 /04 +(' 2+. /$-1 (8 F%(-(2$03-6&2$,6&26%/& 3$%& '(%) '.%./4</0,$03:M,(02/,2.42+.Y$%.,2(%*Q/%$k61$2/&(*/041+.2(&4-.2+/22+.%.'(6&4;./ 1F.,$8$,.-F+/1$1 (0-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-46%$ /&& (8 "HHK: =+.%. '(6&4 ;. (0. F%(D.,2 '(%).%,(--$22.42(4.<.&(F$03-6&2$,6&26%/&/,2$<$2$.1/04k61$2/&( /2M'(6&4 '(%)/1+.%F/%20.%: M 4.,$4.4 2(,(-;$0. -5 $02.%01+$F '$ $1 /1 M '/02.4 2( (' ' -6&2$,6&26%/&.-F+/1$1'/1,/%%$.4(62$0F%/,2$,.:M,+(1./,2$(0%.1./%,+/1-58%/-.'(%)* ;.,/61.$2$1/0/FF%(/,+2+/2;(2+/&&('1/0416FF(%212+.$08&6.0,.(82+.%.1./%,+.%:M2$1 /&1(/0/FF%(/,+'+.%.5(6,/0+/<..LF&$,$2$4.(&(3$,/&/$-12+/236$4.5(6%%.1./%,+:M1/' 2+.#$%&1?@(61.$1/0$4./&F&/,.8(%F%(-(2$03$02.%/,2$(0;.2'..09$00$1+3$%&1/043$%&1 '$2+$--$3%/02;/,)3%(6041/04M'/02.42(8$04(62$82+.%.'/1/05;/1$18(%-52+(63+21: R/&(Tj..BGii_*bE/,)0('& /2(6%,6&26%/&;/,)3%(6041/88.,2(6%(;1.%</2$(01*'+/2 '.1..*/04+(''.$02.%F%.2(6%(;1.%</2$(01:Q5/,/4.-$,;/,)3%(604&$.1$0D(6%0/&$1-*,(--60$,/2$(0/04$02.%,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(0*'+$,+$12+.8$.&42+/2/22+.-(-.02+/ %(03.12 $08&6.0,. (0 -.: a6.12$(01 /;(62 $4.02$25*,6&26%. /04 -$0(%$2$.1 +/<. /&'/51 $02.% :V1/R'.4$1+T1F./)$039$00*/042+.%.8(%.F/%2(8/-$0(%$25* $(01 +/<.;..0F/%2(8-5.<.%54/5&$8.1$0,.M'/1/,+$&4: GH

11 1.2 Research questions =+.%.1./%,+76.12$(018(,61( %&5$038/,2(%1(82+.F%(,.11(84.<.&(F$03/0/,2$(0 (8-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-$14.8$0.4'$2+$02+.(%3/0$J/2$(0:=+.1.,(04-/$076.12$(08(,61.1(0 2+.F%(,.11(84.<.&(F$03/-6&2$,6&26%/&/,2$(0F&/0: G:G e/0-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-;.8(604$02+.(%3/0$j/2$(0/&,6&26%.g ":Y.<.&(F$03/0/,2$(0F&/02+/2F%(-(2.1-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- /0(%3/0$J/2$(0/042+.F%.%.76$1$2.18(%4($03-6&2$,6&26%/&'(%)2+.%.:=+.1.,( $(0 4./&1'$2+2+.%.1./%,+F%(,.11/042+.%.F(%2$03(8$2:=+.F(11$;&./01'.%12'(2+.1.,( $(0 /04 $21 16;T76.12$(0 /%. 0(2 /1.LF&$,$2 /1 2+. /01'.%1 2( 2+. 8$% $(0: =+. 4.<.&(F-.02 (8 /0 /,2$(0 F&/0 $1 / F%(,.11 2+/2 /4</0,.1,+%(0(&(3$,/&&5 2+%(63+( %.1./%,+F%(,.11:V,(0,%.2.%.16&2'$&&;.2+.F%(F(1/&8(%/0/,2$(0F&/0*'+$,+$1F% $0e+/F2.%b: =+$ '/1 0(2,(0,.$<.4 '$2+$ %/-.'(%)1 (8 (%3/0$J/2$(0/&,(--60$,/2$(0l,6&26%.* 3$%&1? 1264$.1 (% 1(,$/& F15,+(&(35*.<.0 2+(63+ $2 2(6, /%./1:=+.%.1./%,+76.12$(012+/2'.*2+.12/88-.-;.%1/22+.#$%&1?@(61./04M*+/<.F(1.4 /042+/2'.'$1+2(604.%12/04*/%.,(-F&.L/ (;.&(().4/28%(-4$88.%.02/1F.,21: =+$ (.1 0(2 $0,& $%&1 /1 /,2$<. F/%2$,$F/021 /1 '/1 2+. (%$3$0/& F&/0: U0. %./1(0 8(% 2+$1 '/1 2+. &$-$2.4 2$-. 1F/0 ( * '+$,+ 4$4 0(2 /&&(' 8(% / 2+(%(63+ /4</0,.F%.F/%/2$(0( '$2+2+.3$%&1:M0/44$2$(0*(0,.2+.%.1./%,+12/% /88 4$40(2'/022+.3$%&12(8..&'/2,+.4(%(;1.%<.4/042+.%.8(%.M,+/ (,61( :M'$&&%.26%02(2+$12+.-.&/2.%(0$ :V0(2+.%%./1(08(%0(2$0,&64$033$%&1 %.&/2.12(2+.,+($,.(88(,61( *'+$,+$1;/1$,/&&5(02+.(%3/0$J/2$(0/&&.<.&/04 (02+.12/88(82+.#$%&1?@(61.:M086%2+.%1264$.1$2'$&&; $/&2($0,&64.;(2+9$00$1+ 3$%&1/043$%&1'$2+$--$3%/02;/,)3%(6041: GG

12 1.3 Action research = '/1 -/4. '$2+$ %/-.'(%) (8 action research: M '$&& +.%. ;%$.8&5 F%.1.02 /,2$(0%.1./%,+/1/-.2+(4/04&/2.%M'$&&4$1,611$2$0-(%.4.F2+:V1/%.1./%,+12%/2.35* /,2$(0 %.1./%,+ /$-1 /2 $02.%/,2$(0 ;.2'..0 F%/,2$,. /04 2+.(%.2$,/& %.1./%,+ BV/&2(&/ n R5%DS&S*Giii* GKE: \1)(&/ /04R6(%/02/BGiii*G"_E4.8$0./,2$(0%.1./%,+/1$0,&64$03/&& %.1./%,+/FF%(/,+.1$0'+$,+2+.F6%F(1.$12(/,+$.<.,+/03.$02+.%.1./%,+(;D.,2$0(0. '/5 (% /0(2+.%* $0 (2+.% '(%41* /0 $02.%<.02$(0 2+%(63+ %.1./%,+ -.2+(41: V,2$(0 %.1./%,+,/0 2+.%.8(%. ;. 4.1,%$;.4 /1 %.1./%,+ '+.%. 2+. %.1./%,+.% /,21 '$2+$0 /,(--60$25* F/%2$,$F/2$03 $0 $21 /,2$<$2$.1: M0 2+$1,(--60$25* $04$<$46/&1 %.8&.,2 /04 4.<.&(F 2+.$% ('0 '(%)*/0/&5J.+('2+.$%/,2$(0+/14.<.&(F.4$02('+/2$2$12(4/5*4.<.&(F/&2.%0/2$<.1$0 (%4.% 2( %.1(&<. F%(;&.-1 /04 /,+$.<. 3(/&1 /04 2+%(63+ 2+$1 /,2$(0* 2+.5 F%(46,. 0.' $08(%-/2$(0(%/0.'2+.(%5:B@.$))$0.0nm5%)S-S*Giii*"I:E V,2$(0%.1./%,+(82.0+/1,&./%3(/&1/04$4.(&(3$,/&-(2$<.1BO66&/*Giii*"GiE*'+$,+2+$1 %.1./%,+/&1(+/12(1(-..L2.02:U0.F%.T/116-F2$(0*'+$,++/14$%.,2.42+.'+(&.12645*$1 2+/2,6&26%/&4$<.%1$25,/0F%(-(2.,6&26%/&%$,+0.11/04;./1(6%,.(8;%(/4.%604.%12/04$03 (8(0.?1('0,6&26%./04(8(2+.%F.(F&.1?,6&26%.1:M0(%4.%2(/,+$.<.,6&26%/&4$<.%1$25/ $0.-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-o'+$,+*$02+$112645*$14.8$0.4/1.76/&$25;.2'..0*/04-626/& %.1F.,28(%*4$88.%.02,6&26%.1T/,2$(0$ :=+./$-(8/,2$(0%.1./%,+$12(-/)./1(,$/&,+/03. /04 2+/2 $1 '+5 2+$1 -.2+(4 '/1,+(1.0: V,2$(0 %.1./%,+ $1 ;/1.4 (0 2+. F%.T /116-F2$(0(8F/%2$,$F/2$(0/04,(&&/;(%/2$(0*'+$,+-./012+/22+.%.1./%,+.%?1%(&.,/0;. 1..0/1/8/,$&$2/2(%*0(2/1/0(621$4.(;1.%<.%B#%..0'((4nj.<$0*"HHHNR2%$03.%*GiiiE: V,2$(0%.1./%,+$1/,(--60$2/%$/0F%(,.11/042+.%.1./%,+.%F/%2$,$F/2.1$02+./,2$<$2$.1(8 2+.,(--60$ $.4 /04 /$-1 /2 %.1(&<$03 1(-. 1F.,$8$, F%(;&.- 2(3.2+.% '$2+ 2+.,(--60$25:BO$<$0$.-$*Giii*cWN\1)(&/nR6(%/02/*Gii_*GKH:E V,2$(0%.1./%,++/1; ;.8(%.$04.<.&(F$035(62+'(%):9(%.L/-F&.*$02+.5./%1 Gii_o"HH"@/%$0.0*O.1)$1/&(/04[.%+(B"HHGE604.%2(()/0/,2$(0%.1./%,+12645*$0'+$,+ 2+. /$- '/1 2( F%.<.02 %/,$1- /04 %/,$12 ;.+/<$(%.1F.,$/&&5 /-(03 5(603 1)$0+./41 $0 m(.0166: Q6&2$,6&26%/&$1- '/1 2+. ;/1$1 (8 2+. /&: B"HHG* "GHE 1/5 2+/2-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- /04 $21 F%(-(2$(0 $2 $1 0(2 (0&5 / -/22.% (8 4$88.%.02 F.(F&. &$<$03 $0 +/%-(05'$2+(0./0(2+.%*;62$2$0<(&<.1,(012/02&./%0$03*1(&<$034$88$,6&2.2+$,/&F%(;&.-1 /04 %./,+$03,(-F%(-$1.1 8(% /&& F/%21: f$2+$ %/-.'(%) (8 /,2$(0 %.1./%,+* 2+. %.1./%,+.%1 '/02.4 2( 4.<.&(F 0.' 12%/2.3$.1 /04 8(%-1 (8 /,2$(0 8(% 5(62+ '(%)* '+.%. G"

13 2+.(%5/04F%/,2$,.'(6&4;.,(-;$0.4:=(%./,+2+$13(/&*%.1./%,+.%1/045(62+'(%).%1$0 2+.\pM=[%(D.,2*8(,61$03(03%(6F-.2+(41'/116FF(%2.4;52+./% /24$88.%.0,.1 ;.,(-.0/26%/&$02+.$02.%/,2$(0(8/1-/&&3%(6F:=+.4/03.%'$2+1+(%2F%(D.,21(% /51 (0 2(&.%/0,. $1 2+/ (0&5 1,%/F %8/,. (%,(-. 2( 1+(' 2+. 4$88.%.02* )0('0: M2 $1 $-F(%2/02 2( F%(-(2. $08(%-/2$(0 /;(62 4$88.%.02,6&26%.1 /04 /;(62 GK

14 2. Different perspectives on multiculturalism =+.,(0,.F2(8multiculturalism,/0;.8(604$0-/054$88.%.02,(02.L212(4/5:V&2+(63+$2$1 1(-.'+/260,&./%'+/22+.,(0,.F212/0418(%*/ (81.<.%/&F/%/&&.&'(%41/04(2+.%,(0,.F21 16,+ /1,6&26%/&l.2+0$, 4$<.%1$25*,6&26%/&l.2+0$, F&6%/&$1-,/0 -/). 2+.,(0861$(0.<.0;$33.%BR(,$/&125%.&1.0Giii*"KE:M02+$1,+/F2.%M'$&&F% $12(%5(82+.,(0,.F2 /04 %.<$.' 4$88.%.02,(02.L21 $0 '+$,+ 2+.,(0,.F2 +/1 ; : M '$&& /&1( 4.8$ %/-.'(%) $0 '+$,+ -6&2$,6&26%/&$1- $ $0 2+$ : M '$&& 2+.0 &(() /2 $02.%,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(0/1/-./01(8/,+$.<$03-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-: 2.1 History of the concept =+.,(0,.F2 (8-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-1F%./4 8%(- e/0/4/ 2( V612%/&$/ /04 \6%(F. $0 2+../%&5 GibH1: Q6&2$,6&26%/&$1-* '+$, F%.1.%</2$(0 (8 2+. $--$3%/021? ('0,6&26%.*,+/&& (&42%/4$2$(01(8$--$3%/2$(012%/2.3$.12+/2'.%.;/1.4(0/11$-$&/2$(0*'+$,+ / /2$--$3%/0211+(6&4>-.&2$02(A2+.-/D(%$25,6&26%.:Z/%$(61&$;.%/&/040.'&.82 3%(6F1 12/%2.4 2( &2$,6&26%/&$1- /1 / -.2/F+(% 2+/2 /FF./&.4 8(% 2(&.%/0,. /04 +6-/0$1-:=+.1.</&6.1'.%.1.2$02(/F(&$2$,/&F%(3%/-2+/2<$.'.4-(4.%01(,$.25/1/ F&/,.'+.%.4$88.%.02,6&26%.1,(6&4,(T.L$12$0F./,.:BR,+$.%6F*GiiW*GH:E f+.0-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-$11..0/1$4.(&(3$,/&/04f(&$2$,/&$4./&18(%/1(,$.25*.76/&$25/04 D612$,.,(04$2$(01 8(% /&& -.-;.%1 (8 1(,$.25 %.3/%4&.11 (8 (%$3$0*.2+0$, $4.02$25* %.&$3$(0*,6&26%. (% /FF./%/0,.* /%. (8 / 3%./2 $-F(%2/0,.: V 1(,$.25 2+/2 +/1 / F(&$,5 B/,2$(0 F&/0* F%(3%/-*/,2$<$2$.1/04-./16%.1E2+/2/$-1/212% $03/ $03,6&26%/&/04.2+0$, 4$<.%1$25,/0;.,/&&.4-6&2$,6&26%/&:BR(,$/&125%.&1.0*Giii*"I:E M0 e/0/4/* -6&2$,6&26%/&$1- '/1,&./%&5 12/2.4 $0 2+. [(&$,5 (8 Q6&2$,6&26%/&$1- $0 GibG: ^.%%5BGiiW*I"E%.3/%412+.e/0/4$/0F(&$,5(8-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-/+63.1(,$/&.LF.%$-.02* '+$,+'/1/,26/&&52+.(0&5%./&$12$,F(&$,52+/2e/0/4/,(6&4,+((1.*,(01$4.%$03+$12(%$,/& /04,(02.-F(%/%5.2+0(,6&26%/& 4.-(3%/F+5: ^.%%5 B$;$4E /&1( 12% $-F(%2/0,. (8 /1)$ $(01/;(622+.F(&$,5-.02$(0.4:f+/24($04$<$46/&-.-;.%1(81(,$.252+$0)(8 16,+ / F(&$,5* /04 $21 $-F&$,/2$(01g M (/& (8 $02.3%/2$(0 4( F%(-(2$(0(8F&6%/&$1-/88.,2/1.01.(80/2$(0/&60$25/04$4.02$25gV%.&.<.&1(8F%.D64$,.1 &('.0(63+/042(&.%/0,.+$3+.0(63+2(16FF(%216,+/F(&$,5gB^.%%5*GiiW*I":EV01'.%1 2( $(01'$&&+.&F3(<.% (F%(-(2./041612/$0F&6%/&$1-$01(,$.25: GW

15 R'.4.0$12+.(0&5,(602%5$0\6%(F.'+.%.-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-+/14.<.&(F.4$02('+/2,(6&4 ;.,/&&.4/3.06$0.&512/2.T1/0,2$(0.4F(&$2$,/&$4.(&(35:R'.4.0+/1;.,(-.)0('08(%$21 /-;$2$(61 F%(3%/- 2( /,,.F2 /04 $02.3%/2. % /04 8(% $21 (88$,$/& F(&$,5 (0-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-*'+$,++/1$21%((21$0/3(<.% ,$1$(02/).0$0GibIBR(,$/&125%.&1.0* Giii*KIE:f.&8/%.$4.(&(35(;D.,2$<.1/%.;/1.4(0.76/&$25BDS-&$)+.2E*8%..4(-(8,+($,. B</&8%$+.2E/04F/%20.%1+$FB1/-<.%)/0EBR,+$.%6F*GiiW*GGE:V,,(%4$032(2+.R'.4$1+^(/%4 (8 0./%&5 2' /%1 (8 >-6&2$,6&26%/& F(&$,5A: `/,$12 <$(&.0,. +/1 $0,%./1.4 /04.2+0$, 4$1,%$-$0/2$(0;(2+/2'(%)F&/,.1/04$0(2+.%F/%21(81(,$.2512$&&.L$121:BR(,$/&125%.&1.0* Giii* "c"b:e V,,(%4$03 2( R,+$.%6F BGiiWE* -6&2$,6&26%/&$1- +/1 12/%2.4 2( ;. $02.%F% /2$<.&5 ; %/& F6;&$, /04 ; /11 -.4$/: =+. F%.<$(61 F.%1F.,2$<. (8-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-/1/F(1$2$<./11.2(8-(4.%01(,$.25+/1,+/03.42('/%411..$032+.8(%.$30 (0-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-$01F$%.42+.8(%-6&/2$(0(8(88$,$/&F(&$,$.1$0$02.%0/2$(0/&-$3%/2$(0/04.2+0$,%.&/2$(01$00.$3+;(%$03Y.0-/%)/04](%'/5:BR,+$.%6F*GiiW*GK:E 9$0&/04+/1;..0/&$22&.1&('.%2+/0$21R,/04$0/<$/00.$3+;(%1$08(%-6&/2$03$21$02.3%/2$(0 F(&$,5*;62$0Giii9$0&/04F/ V,2(02+.M02.3%/2$(0(8M--$3%/021/04`.,.F2$(0(8 V15&6-R..).%1BWiWlGiiiE:=+.9$00$1+&/'$10(2/1.L2.01$<./12+.R'.4$1+(0.*;62$2 /,)0('& (%16FF(%2$03/04F%.1.%<$03$--$3%/021?('0,6&26%.:=+.%.8(%.*$2,/0 /&1( ;. $02.%F%.2.4 /1 F%(-(2$03-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- $0 / &/%3.% 1(,$.25: =+. 3(/&1 (8-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- $0 R'.4.0 /&1( $-F&$.4 2+/ %/& F6;&$, '(6&4 /,,.F2-6&2$,6&26%/& /$-1BR,+$.%6F*GiiW*G"E*/0(2$(02+/2+/10(2;..0.-F+/1$J.4$02+.9$00$1+V,2: M $00$1+ Government action plan to combat ethnic discrimination and racism* -6&2$,6&26%/&$1-$14.8$0.4/ /&,(.L$12.0,.(8</%$(61,6&26%.1:e6&26%.$14.8$0.4/1/ ;/1.4 (0 )0('&.43.* ;.&$.81 /04 </&6.1 2+%(63+ '+$,+ F.(F&. F%(, $%.LF.%$.0,.1/04(;1.%</2$(01*(F.%/2./04-/).,+($,.1:BQ$0$12%5(8j/;(6%*"HHG:E 2.2 Multiculturalism and acculturation strategies M02+.8$.&4(8$02.%,6&26%/&F15,+(&(35*multiculturalism$1(82.04$1,611.4$02+.,(02.L2(8 $--$3%/021? /4/F2/2$(0: ^.%%5.2 /&: B"HH"* KbIE +/<. 4.8$0.4-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- /1 an orientation that accepts both the maintenance of cultural identity and characteristics of all ethno cultural groups and the contact and participation of all groups in the larger plural society. ^.%%5.2/&:/&1(.L/-$0.2+.,(0,.F28%(-'$2+$02+.8$.&4(8$02.%,6&26%/&F15,+(&(35 GI

16 / /<. $4.02$8$.4 +(' 3%(6F1 /04 $04$<$46/&1 (%$ &<.1 /04 4./& '$ F%(,.11(84$88.%.02,6&26%.1,(-$03$02(,(02/,2:V,,(%4$032(2+.1./62+(%1*2+.%.8(%.(0.,(6&4 2+$0) (8 $02.%,6&26%/& F15,+(&(35 /1 ;.$03,%(11T,6&26%/& F15,+(&(35 $0,6&26%/&&5 4$<.%1.1(,$.2$.1:B^.%%5.2/&:*"HH"*KWc:E =+. 4.8$0$2$(0 (8-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-* $ $.&4 (8 1(,$/& F15,+(&(35* +/1 $2 %((21 $0 /,,6&26%/2$(0/04/,,6&26%/2$(012%/2.3$.1B^.%%5.2/&:*"HH"*KIKE*'+$,+4.1,%$;.+('F.(F&. '$1+(%,+((1.2(&$<.$0,(02/,2'$2+/0(2+.%,6&26%.: Acculturation+/1;..04.8$0.4/12+. F%(,.11/0$04$<$46/&604.%3(.1$0%.1F(01.2(/,+/03$03,6&26%/&,(02.L2B^.%%5.2/&:"HH"* (8 /,,6&26%/2$(0 /1P "those phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact, which subsequent changes in the original patterns of either or both groups " B^.%%5.2/&:*"HH"*KWiE:j$.;)$04BGiiW*"IE 4.1,%$;.1/,,6&26%/2$(0/1/F%(,.112+/22/).1F&/,.'+.04$88.%.02,6&26%.1,(-.$02(,(02/,2 '$2+./,+ (2+.% /04 $2 $0<(&<.1,+/03.1 $0 ;(2+ -$0(%$25 /04 -$0(%$25,6&26%.1: M0 2+. /,,6&26%/2$(0 F%(,.11*,+/03.1 (,,6% $0 F.(F&.?1 ;.&$.81* 8..&$031* /22$264.1* </&6.1 /04 ;.+/<$(%/04$2,(0,.%01;(2+-$0(%$253%(6F1$02.3%/2$(0$02+.-/D(%$25,6&26%.*/1'.&&/1 +('-.-;.%1(82+.-/D(%$25,6&26%.<$.'-.-;.%1(8,6&26%/&-$0(%$2$.1Bj$.;)$04*"HHH* GKE: M /-. '/5 /1 $04$<$46/&1,/0 F%.8.% 4$88.%.02 12%/2.3$.1 2(,(F. '$2+ /,,6&26%/2$(0* 1(,$.25 /1 / '+(&.,/0,+((1. '+$,+ 12%/2.35 $2 F%.8.%1: f+.0,6&26%/& 4$<.%1$25 $1 /0 (;D.,2$<./04,.%2/$0F%.,(04$2$(01/%..12/;&$1+.4*$2,/0;.,/&&.4-6&2$,6&26%/&:=+.1.F%.T,(04$2$(01/%./18(&&('1Pwidespreadacceptance of the value of a cultural diverse society* relatively low levels of prejudice, positive mutual attitudes among ethnocultural groups and a sense of attachment to the larger society ;5/&&$04$<$46/&1/043%(6F1:=+.%.1+(6&4/&1(;./ 1688$,$ ;.% (8 (0.?1.2+0(,6&26%/& 3%(6F 2+/2 '$1+ 2( -/$02/$ %(6F?1,6&26%/& +.%$2/3.:B^.%%5.2/&:*"HH"*KIKoKIc:E =+.,(0,.F2integration+/1; (4.1,%$;.+('$04$<$46/&1(%3%(6F1;(2++/<./0 $02.%.12$0-/$02/$0$03(0.?1,6&26%.(8(%$3$0/04$0+/<$03$02.%/,2$(0'$2+(2+.%3%(6F1$0 1(,$.25B^.%%5*Giib*iE:M01.<.%/&1264$.1*$02.3%/2$(0+/1; /12+.-(1216,,.1186& 12%/2.358(%/4/F2$032(/0.'1(,$.25B^.%%5*Giib*"WNj$.;)$04*"HHH*"GE:=+.$02.3%/2$(0 12%/2.35+/1/&1(8(%-.42+.;/1$18(%9$0&/04?1$--$3%/2$(0F(&$,5*'+$,+$14$%.,2.4;52+. Act on the Integration of Immigrants and Reception of Asylum Seekers. Gc

17 =+.(;D.,2$<.1(82+.V,2/%./18(&&('1P to promote the integration, equality and freedom of choice of immigrants through measures which help them to acquire the essential knowledge and skills they need to function in society For the purpose of this Act, integration means 1) The personal development of immigrants aimed at participation in work life and functioning of society while preserving their language and culture; and 2) The measures taken and resources provided by the authorities to promote such integration. (493/1999.) =+$1 V,2 $-F&$,$2&5 8(% ;/1$1 8(% 4.<.&(F$03 / -6&2$,6&26%/& 1(,$.25: ].<.%2+.&.11* $2 4(.1 0(2 2/). $02(,(01$4.%/2$( $001? (% /4/F2$03 2( $0,%./1$03 $--$3%/2$(0: V -6&2$,6&26%/&1(,$.25$1/,+$.<.4'+.0.76/&$25/04$02.%/,2$(0;.2'..0/&&F.(F&.&$<$03$0 9$0&/04 $1 0/26%/& /04 '+.0 $2 ;.0.8$21.<.%5;(45 Be((0/0* "HHH* GIbE: f+.0 4$88.%.02,6&26% *,+/ (,,6% '$2+$0 /&& 2+. F/%21 $0<(&<.4: k16/&&5* 2+. F%.116%. (8,+/03. &$.1 ( $0(%$25,6&26%.* '+$,+ $1.LF.,2.4 2(,+/03. $0 (%4.% 2( /4/F2 2( 2+. -/D(%$25,6&26%.:M0/-6&2$,6&26%/&<$.'*,+/03.1/%./&1(.LF.,2.48%(-2+.-/D(%$25,6&26%.* $0 (%4.% 2( /4/F2 2( -6&2$,6&26%/&$1-: B1...:3: j$.;)$04* "HHH* GbG:E 9$001? /4/F2/2$(0 2( $--$3%/021+/1;..03$<.0-6,+&.11/22.02$(02+/0$--$3%/021?/4/F2/2$(02(9$00$1+1(,$.25 Bm/1$01)/D/Tj/+2$.2/&:*"HH"*G"bE: 2.3 Questioning multiculturalism Q6&2$,6&26%/&$1- +/1 0(2 (0&5 ; /1 / F(1$2$<. F+.0(-.0(0 2+/2 F%(-(2.1,6&26%/& 4$<.%1$25 /04.0%$, <.%54/5 &$<.1 (8 /&& F.(F&.: 9(%.L/-F&. $0 R'.4.0* &2$,6&26%/& F(&$,5 +/1 ;..0 1.%$(61& $(0.4 46%$ &/12 8.' 5./%1: e6%%.02 $02.%F%.2/2$(01(8equality/%.3$<$03%$1.2(/060.76/&.2+0$,4$<$1$(0(8&/;(%*freedom of choice /1 &.3$2$-$J$03 1.3%.3/2$(0* /04 tolerance /1 16FF(%2$03 0.' 8(%-1 (8 %/,$1- BR,+$.%6F*GiiW*GKE:M02+.R,/04$0/<$/0,(602%$.1*'+.%.-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-'/1$02%(46,.4 2'.025(%2+$%255./%1./%&$.%2+/0$09$0&/04*1,+(&/%1/%.0('2/&)$03/;(62/;/04(0$03(% %.8(%-6&/2$032+.,(0,.F2:k0$<.%1/&$1-o.-F+/1$J$0360$<.%1/&+6-/0%$3+21/ o$1 /22%/,2$03-(%./04-(%.16FF(%2B$;$4:*GiiW*"cE: Q(&$0//04=.18/ %.112+.$-F(%2/0,.(8&(()$03/2F('.%%.&/2$(01$01(,$.25/04/1)P '+( /3.04/8(%-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-gBGiiW*GGHE:=+.54.1,%$;.-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-/1/ doppelgänger BF+/02/1-/& 4(6;&.* )/)1($1(&.02(E* '+$,+ /2 (0,. +$ %./& F('.% Gb

18 12%6,26%.*'+$&.$2F% (1.%<./&&'$2+(62%.3/%42(,&/11*%/,./ %BQ(&$0/n =.18/+60.5*GiiW*GGHE: M02+$112645*M;/ $0$2$(0(8-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-(02+.(%$3$0/&$4.(&(3516FF(%2.4$0 e/0/4/$02+.gich1*$0r'.4.0$02+.gibh1*/04(0^.%%5?14.8$0$2$(0(82+.,(0,.f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ntercultural communication and 604.%12/04$03(8(2+.%,6&26%.1:e(08&$,2146.2(F('.%%.&/2$(01*/04/,,.112(%.1(6%,.1/04 -$1604.%12/04$031;.,/61.(84$88.%.02,6&26%.1*/%$1..<.%54/5:R(-.(82+.1.,(08&$,21/%. 3&(;/&'+$&.1(-.-$3+2(0&5,(0,.%02'($04$<$46/&1:M02.%,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(04(.10(2 (0&52/).F&/,.$0$02.%0/2$(0/&1.22$031N$2,/0/&1(+/FF.0'$2+$0(6%('0,6&26%.:=+$1$1 F($02.4(62;5R/&(Tj..BGii_E*/,,(%4$032(+.%*F.(F&./%.0(2(0&5-.-;.%1(8(0.,6&26%.* 2+.5;.&(032(</%$(61,6&26%.1/22+.1/-.2$-.:\<.%54/5'./,2'$2+$04$88.%.02,6&26%.1P/2 +(-.* /2 '(%) /04 '$2+$0 (6% 8%.. 2$-. /,2$<$2$.1: M02.%,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(0 $1 2+.%.8(%. 2/)$03F&/,.'$2+$0(6%('00/2$(0/&,6&26%./042+$125F.(8,(--60$,/2$(0$1(82.0,/&&.4 >$02%/,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(0A: BR/&(Tj..* Gii_* b:e f.,/00(2 /<($4 /&& 2+.,(08&$,21 2+/2 /%$1.46.2(,6&26%/&4$88.%.0,.1*.$2+.%/2/3&(;/&&.<.&(%/2/F.%1(0/&&.<.&:^62'.,/02%5 2( 4$-$0$ /04.04./<(% 2( -/). 2+.,( ,.1 &.11 1.<.%.: M02.%,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(0 /$-1 /2 4$-$0$1+$03 -$1604.%12/04$ (,6&26%/& 4$88.%.0,.1: M0-5 (F$0$(0* $02.%,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(0,/ ; /1 / -./01 8(% /,+$.<$03-6&2$,6&26%/&$1-: M $.&4 (8 $02.%,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(0* $0,%./1.4 -$3%/2$(0 /04 $02.%/,2$(0 ;.2'..0 F.(F&.(84$88.%.02,6&26%/&;/,)3%(6041,(012$262.1(0.(82+.,.02%/&2+.-.1F%.4(-$0/2$03 $ $%. /,/4.-$, 8$.&4: R/-(</% /04 [(%2.% BGiii* ce '%$2. 2+/2 2+.,(0,.%0 /;(62,6&26%/&4$<.%1$25+/13$<.0%$1.2(2+.-/%%$/3.(8,6&26%./04,(--60$,/2$(0$02+.60$76. G_

19 8$.&4 ( (8 intercultural communication* '+$,+ $0<.12$3/2.1 2+(1..& (8,6&26%. 2+/2-(12&5$08&6.0,.$02.%/,2$(0;.2'..0-.-;.%1(82'((%-(%.,6&26%.1:=+.5/&1(12%.11 2+/2'.-612;.F%.F/%.42(/,,.F2/042(&.%/2.2+.F(2.02$/&,(08&$,21.-;.44.4$0,6&26%/& 4$88.%.0,.1* $8 '. </&6.,6&26%/& 4$<.%1$25 /04 /,,.F2 / -6&2$,6&26%/& <$&&/3. (%$.02/2$(0 BR/-(</% n [(%2.%* Giii* GIE: =+$1 F%.T,(04$2$(0.-F+/1$J.1 / 1(,$.25 '+.%. 4$<.%1$25 $1 F.%-$22.4 2( >8&(6%$1+A '$2+(62 F%.D64$,. /04 4$1,%$-$0/2$(0* / /,2(%1 '$&& +/%- -.-;.%1(82+.'+(&.(81(,$.25:M02.%,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(0+/1.L$12.4/1&(03/12+.%.+/1 ;..0+6-/0&$8.*2+.5/&1(12/2.2+/2$02.%,6&26%/&.0,(602.%12(4/5/%.8/%-(%.06-.%(61/04 (83%./2.%$-F(%2/0,.2+/0$0/05F%.<$(612$-.$0+6-/0+$12(%5:B$;$4:*Giii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g e+.0/04r2/%(12/bgiiie+/<.$02%(46,.42+.,(0,.f2(8intercultural sensitivity*'+$,+2+.5,&/$-2(;.(0.(82+.-(12$-f(%2/02/;$&$2$.12+/2+.&f612(&$<.16,,.1186&&5$0,6&26%/&&5 4$<.%1. 1(,$.2$.1: M02.%,6&26%/& 1.01$2$<$25 $1 4.8$0.4 /1 /0 $04$<$46/&?1 /;$&$25 2( 4.<.&(F F(1$2$<..-(2$(0 2('/% %12/04$03 /04 /FF%.,$/2$03,6&26%/& 4$88.%.0,.1 $0 (%4.% 2( F%(-(2./FF%(F%$/2./04.88.,2$<.;.+/<$(%$0$02.%,6&26%/&,(--60$,/2$(0Be+.0nR2/%(12/* Giii* WHb /04 WH_E: =+.5 /&1(,/&& 8(% 3%./2.% 604.%12/04$03* 1.01$2$<$25* /04,(-F.2.0,. /-(03 F.(F&. 8%(- 4$88.%.02,6&26%/& ;/,)3%(6041 B$;$4:* Giii* WHbE $0 (%4.% 2( /,+$.<. / -./0$0386&/04+/%-(0$(61&$8.$0/0$0,%./1$03&5F&6%/&$12$,'(%&4:#.06$0.-6&2$,6&26%/&$1- /2 2+. $04$<$46/& &.<.& +/1 3(/&1 2+/2,(6&4 ;.,(01$4.%.4 150(05-(61 '$2+ $02.%,6&26%/& 1.01$2$<$25: M02.%,6&26%/&&5 1.01$2$<. F.%1( /<. / 4.1$%. 2( -(2$</ &<.1 2( Gi

20 604.%12/04* /FF%.,$/2.* /04 /,,.F2 4$88.%.0,.1 /-(03,6&26%.1 /04 2( F%(46,. / F(1$2$<. (62,(-.8%(-$02.%,6&26%/&$02.%/,2$(01B$;$4:*Giii*WH_E: =+.3(/&(82+.#$%&1?@(61.$12(-..2.<.%53$%&/1/0$04$<$46/&$0/1.01$2$<.'/5*/042( (88.%+.%/0(FF(%260$252( FF(%2(82+.,(--60$25:=+.12/88-.-;.%1<('2( 2/).,/%.2(1..2+/2.<.%53$%&2+/2,(-.12(2+.@(61.,/08..&1/8.*/042+.%.8(%.*2+.12/88 /%. 16FF(1.4 2( $02.%8.%. $0 /05 )$04 (8 4('0F&/5$03* /00(5$03 2/&) (% /4<.%1. /,2$(01: Bj(FF6%/F(%22$*"HHHT"HH"*GH:E=+.1.F%$0,$F&.1$ &<.1F% (63+22+/212/88 -.-;.%11+(6&4;.1.01$2$<.'+.0$02.%/,2$03'$2+3$%&12+/2<$1$22+.,.02.%:^624(.12+$1 +/FF.0$0F%/,2$,.gM12+.%.*8(%.L/-F&.*/0..48(%;.$03-(%.$02.%,6&26%/&&51.01$2$<.(%8(% F%(<$4$03 $02.%,6&26%/& 2%/$0$03g =+.1. 2'( 76.12$(01 8(%- F/%2 (8 2+. %.1./%, $(01 F% /%&$.%: 2.5 Benefits of multiculturalism M--$3%/2$(0$1$0,%./1$03/04F.(F&./%.-(<$03*<(&602/%$&5(%$0<(&602/%$&5:R(,$.2$.1/%. ;.,(-$03-(%.F&6%/&/042+.,+/&&.03.$12(,%./2..76/&(FF(%260$2$.18(%$04$<$46/&18%(- 4$88.%.02,6&26%/& ;/,)3%(6041: j$.;)$04 B"HHHE +/1 -/4. 1.<.%/& 1264$.1 (0 $--$3%/021h /,,6&26%/2$(0/04(09$001h/22$264.12('/%418(%.$30.%1: Q/051264$.1+/<.F($02.4(622+/2/ 2(&.%/02-6&2$,6&26%/& /2-(1F+.%. '$&& +.&F $--$3%/021 /4/F2 $02( / 0.',6&26%. Bj$.;)$04* "HHHE/042+/2$2/&1(F%.<.021<$(&.0,./04+(12$&$25;.2'..04$88.%.02,6&26%/&3%(6F1:^.%%5.2/&:B"HH"*KcWE76(2.Q6%F+5BGicIE*'+(+/1/%36.42+/21(,$.2$.12+/216FF(%2,6&26%/& F&6%/&$1- F%(<$4. / F(1$2$<. 1.22&.-.02 /2-(1F+.%. 8(% 2'( %./1(01N 2+.5 /%. &.11 &$).&5 2(.08(%,.,6&26%/&,+/03. (%.L,&61$(0 (0 $--$3%/021* / /%. -(%. &$).&5 2( F%(<$4. 16FF(%2;(2+8%(-2+.$012$262$(01(82+.&/%3.%1(,$.25/048%(-2+.,(02$06$03/04.<(&<$03.2+0$,,(--60$2$.1: f$2+$05(62+'(%)*@/%$0.0*o.1)$1/&(/04[.%+(b"hhg*"git"gce12%.112+.</%$(61;.0.8$21 (8/2%6.-6&2$,6&26%/&/,2$<$25'+.%.4$88.% $,;/,)3%(6041/%.0(2(;12/,&.1*; $88.%.0,. ;.,(-.1 / F(1$2$<.* /&&('.4 /04 /,+$.</;&. 2+$03: [%(-(2$03 F.%1(0/&,(02/,2 ;.2'..0F.(F&.8%(-4$88.%.02,6&26%.1+/1;..08(6042(;.(0.(82+.-(12.88.,2$<.'/512( 4.,%./1.%/,$1-/04$0,%./1.F(1$2$<./22$264.12('/%41$--$3%/021Bm//))(&/*"HHH*WHE:M0/ /4. ;5 m//))(&/ $0 Gii_* $2 '/1 0(2.4 2+/2 9$001 2+/2 F.%1(0/&&5 )0.' 8(%.$30.%1 &$<$03 $0 9$0&/04 '.%.,&./%&5 -(%. F(1$2$<. 2('/%41 % /04 8(%.$30 '(%).%1 2+/0 F.%1(01 '+( 4$4 0(2 )0(' /05 (% )0.' (0&5 / 8.' 8(%.$30.%1 Bm//))(&/* "HHH* WGE: =+.1. )$041(8%.16&21%.&/2.2(2+.contact hypothesis, '+$,+'/18$%12F% ;5V&&F(%2$0GiIW "H

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