Mineral Deposit Report Page 1 OF Geological Survey of Finland

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1 Mineral Deposit Report Page 1 OF Kuuhkamo Occurence type: occurrence Commodity Rank Total Total production Total resource Importance measure zinc t 6000 t Occurrence silver 3 lead 3 copper 3 gold 3 Easting EUREF: Easting YKJ: Northing EUREF: Northing YKJ: Discovery year: 1985 Province: Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi (Zn, Cu) District: Vihanti (Zn, Cu) References: 9, 13, 15, 21, 28 Mineral deposit type Group: Metallogenic deposit Main type: VMS (mixed hydrothermal) Sub type 1: Bimodal-felsic Comments: Subvolcanic hydrothermal mineralising system related to the intrusion of the quartz porphyry. Early NW- and NE-trending shear and fault zones, located near the margins of the gabbros in the region, may have behaved as conduits for mineralising fluids and, even, magmas. Epigenetic, subvolcanic felsic intrusive-activity related mineralisation. References: 10, 11, 12, 17, 22 Dimension Expression: Form: Shape: Length (m): 100 Width (m): 70 Thickness (m): 5 Depth (m): Area (ha): Dip azim: Dip: Plunge azim: Plunge dip: Orientation method: Holder history Previous holders: Company Years Holding type Comments FinnAust Mining Oy 2012 Reservation Magnus Minerals Oy Claim (old law) Oy SES Finland Ltd 2006 Outokumpu Oy Claim (old law) 1

2 Mineral Deposit Report Page 2 OF EXPLORATION ACTIVITY Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref core drilling Jarmo Nikander 18 Core drilling (reconnaissance drilling): two diamond-drill holes, total m. Intersections HoleID R578 From-To Length 3.2m zinc 5.5% lead 0.2% copper 0.09% silver 13ppm gold 0.76ppm detailed geophysics Jarmo Nikander 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 17, geological interpretation Jarmo Nikander 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 17, regional geophysics Jarmo Nikander 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 17, regional geochemistry Jarmo Nikander 1, 6 Only a low-contrast, incoherent, areally restricted Zn-Pb-Cu anomaly in till; rather, the Zn anomalies in till reflect the locations of granitic rocks in the region. Outokumpu Oy Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref core drilling Lauri Pekkarinen, Urpo Kuronen 19, 20, 21 Low-altitude airborne geophysical surveys guided diamond drilling into a potentially significant magnetic anomaly and the deposit was hit by drilling; 31 diamond-drill holes, total m. Intersections HoleID From-To Length 4m zinc 9% silver 16ppm HoleID From-To Length 6m zinc 4.5% silver 9ppm HoleID From-To Length 1.6m zinc 9.5% 2

3 Mineral Deposit Report Page 3 OF HoleID From-To Length 16.7m zinc 3.9% silver 9ppm HoleID From-To Length 11.2m zinc 4.5% HoleID From-To Length 16m zinc 5% detailed geophysics Lauri Pekkarinen, Urpo Kuronen 20, 21 A low-altitude airborne magnetic anomaly: the entire hosting sequence is magnetic and defines this anomaly. Compared to the hosting sequence, the Zn lodes do not define anomalies by susceptibility, resistance or radiation detailed geology Lauri Pekkarinen, Urpo Kuronen percussion drilling Lauri Pekkarinen, Urpo Kuronen 11, 17, 19, 20, 21 11, 17, 19, 20, 21 Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref regional geophysics key geological features 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 17, 18 Low-altitude airborne magnetic, electromagnetic and radiometric survey regional geochemistry Outokumpu Oy Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref detailed geophysics 20, detailed geology 11, 17, 19, 20, core drilling 11, 17, 19, 20, percussion drilling 11, 17, 19, 20, 21 Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref regional geophysics 5, 14, 24, 25 3

4 Mineral Deposit Report Page 4 OF regional geochemistry 5, 14, 24, detailed geology 5, 14, 24, detailed geophysics 5, 14, 24, 25 Figures Secondary anomaly: 4

5 Mineral Deposit Report Page 5 OF Secondary anomaly: 5

6 Mineral Deposit Report Page 6 OF RESOURCES AND RESERVES Most recent Type: Company: Year: Calc Method: Reference: Resource Outokumpu Oy 1989 Non-compliant resource estimate 21 Category: Poorly estimated mineral resource, poorly documented Tonnage: 0.15 Mt zinc 4 % Cutoff: 6

7 Mineral Deposit Report Page 7 OF GEOLOGY Host rock: Cordierite Gneiss, Diopside Skarn Cordierite Gneiss (Host rock) Rock type: Host rock Proportion: minor Grain size: Color: References: 7, 12, 17, 18, 23, 27 Metamorphic description: Other minerals: Mineral Proportion Mineral texture Cordierite present Alteration product Type: Facies: Degree: Relation to mineralization: Min P- Max P (kbar) MIn T- Max T ( C) Regional amphibolite metamorphic facies medium metamorphic grade Comments: Peak regional metamorphism at about 1876±2 Ma. Peak metamorphism is related to the intrusion of synorogenic, Ga, granitoids. Geological age: Geological era: Paleoproterozoic ( Ma) Max age - Minage Inferred age (Ma): Age of mineralization: (Ma): N Diopside Skarn (Host rock) Rock type: Host rock Proportion: major Grain size: Color: References: 5, 7, 12, 17, 20, 21, 23, 27 Comments: The deposit is in the contact zone between skarn and the porphyry. Ore minerals: Mineral Proportion Mineral texture Sphalerite major Vein, Breccia Other minerals: Mineral Proportion Mineral texture Diopside present Alteration product Quartz present Alteration product Sericite present Alteration product 7

8 Mineral Deposit Report Page 8 OF Structures Breccia Veined Alteration: Distribution: Degree: Relation to mineralization: sericitic alteration Moderate silicification Veins Strong Metamorphic description: Type: Facies: Degree: Relation to mineralization: Min P- Max P (kbar) MIn T- Max T ( C) Regional amphibolite metamorphic facies medium metamorphic grade Comments: Peak regional metamorphism at about 1876±2 Ma. Peak metamorphism is related to the intrusion of synorogenic, Ga, granitoids. Geological age: Geological era: Max age - Minage Inferred age (Ma): Age of mineralization: (Ma): Paleoproterozoic ( Ma) Y Comments: Mineralisation took place between 1910 and 1930 Ma. Radiometric age: Method: Age: Error (Ma): Mineral: Reference: U-Pb Zircon 8, 16, 26 Figures 8

9 Mineral Deposit Report Page 9 OF Schematic modelling: 9

10 Mineral Deposit Report Page 10 OF Regional geology: Local geology: 10

11 Mineral Deposit Report Page 11 OF

12 Mineral Deposit Report Page 12 OF Local geology: Local geology: 12

13 Mineral Deposit Report Page 13 OF Regional geology: 13

14 Mineral Deposit Report Page 14 OF

15 Mineral Deposit Report Page 15 OF REFERENCES 1. Iisalo, E Vihannin karttalehden 2434 vanhan moreeniaineiston uudelleen analysointi ICP:llä, tulosten vertailu ja anomaliat., Report S/41/2434/95/1. 16 p. (in Finnish) 2. Iisalo, E Geokemialliset malmiviitteet Vihannin alueella, Länsi-Suomessa. Geological Survey of Finland, Report M10.4/2004/ p. (in Finnish) 3. Iisalo, E Moreeni-, rapakallio- ja kallionäytteiden geokemialliset erikoispiirteet Vihannin alueella, Länsi-Suomessa., Report M10.4/2004/ p. (in Finnish) 4. Iisalo, E Moreenin stratigrafia ja geokemia Raahe-Laatokka -vyöhykkeen luoteisosassa, Länsi-Suomessa., Report M10.4/2004/ p. (in Finnish) 5. Kahma, A Yhteenveto geologisen tutkimuslaitoksen suorittamista tutkimuksista Lampinsaaren sinkkiesiintymällä Vihannissa., Report M17/Vti-50/3. 9 p. (in Finnish) 6. Kauranne, L-M Vihannin karttalehtialueen geokemiallisen kartoituksen tulokset. Summary: The results of the geochemical survey in the Vihanti map-sheet area. Explanation for geochemical maps, Sheet p Korsman, K. (ed.) & Glebovitsky, V. (ed.) Raahe-Ladoga Zone structure-lithology, metamorphism and metallogeny: a Finnish-Russian cooperation project Map 2: Metamorphism of the Raahe-Ladoga Zone 1: Kousa, J. (2001) Personal communication 21/11/ Kousa, J., Huhma, H. & Vaasjoki, M U-Pb -ajoitukset eräistä magmasyntyisistä kivistä Pohjois-Pohjanmaalta, Raahe-Laatokka -vyöhykkeen luoteisosasta., Report M10.4/2004/ (in Finnish) 10. Kousa, J., Luukas, J., Mäki, T., Ekdahl, E., Pelkonen, K., Papunen, H., Isomäki, O.-P., Penttilä, V.-J. & Nurmi, P Geology and mineral deposits of the central Ostrobothnia. Geological Survey of Finland. Guide 41, Kuronen, U Ajatuksia vuosina Vihannin alueella suoritetuista tutkimuksista. Outokumpu Oy Exploration, Report 020/2434/UOK/88. (in Finnish) Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, K., Kuronen, U. & Arkimaa, H Geochemical comparison of metamorphosed black shales associated with the Vihanti zinc deposit and prospects in western Finland., Special Paper 23, Luukas, J., Kousa, J., Nikander, J. & Ruotsalainen, A Raahe-Laatokka vyöhykkeen luoteisosan kallioperä Länsi-Suomessa., Report M10.4/2004/

16 Mineral Deposit Report Page 16 OF Mikkola, A Vihannista lähetetyt kansannäytteet. 2 p., Report M17/Vti-49/2. (in Finnish) 15. Mäki, T., Kousa, J. & Luukas, J The Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi VMS belt. In: Maier, W.D., Lahtinen, R. & O'Brien, H. (eds) Mineral deposits of Finland. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Nikander, J. & Luukas, J., Ruotsalainen, A. & Kousa, J Kallioperä- ja malmitutkimukset Vihannin Vilmingon ja Rantsilan Pelkoperän välisellä alueella vuosina Geological Survey of Finland, Report M 19/2434, 3412/2002/1/ p. (in Finnish) Nikander, J., Luukas, J. & Ruotsalainen, A Vihannin alueen massiivisten sulfidimalmiesiintymien geologia ja malminmuodostus Raahe-Laatokka vyöhykkeellä Länsi- Suomessa., Report M10.4/2004/ (in Finnish) Nikander, J., Luukas, J. & Ruotsalainen, A Vihannin Lampinsaaren ympäristön ja Kuuhkamon kairaukset karttalehdellä vuosina Summary: Drillings in the Lampinsaari area and in Kuuhkamo in Vihanti on the map sheet , during the years , Report M19/2434/2005/2/ p Outokumpu Oy malminetsintä XXXVII vuosikertomus Outokumpu Oy, Espoo. 111 p. (in Finnish) 20. Pekkarinen, L. & Rekola, T Vihanti, Kuuhkamon tutkimukset vuonna Outokumpu Oy Mining Industries Report 001/243405/LP, TRP/89. 6 p. (in Finnish) Pekkarinen, L Kaivoslain 19 :n mukainen selvitys, Vihanti, Kuuhkamo, kaivosrekisteri nro 3648/1-2. Outokumpu Oy Finnmines Report 080/ /LP/90. 2 p. (in Finnish) Rauhamäki, E Vihannin kaivoksen uraani-fosforimineralisaatio. In: Parkkinen, M. (ed.) Uraaniraaka-ainesymposiumi (1979). Vuorimiesyhdistys. Sarja B 27, (in Finnish) 23. Rouhunkoski, P On the geology and geochemistry of the Vihanti zinc ore deposit. Bulletin de la Commission Geologique de Finlande p Salli, I Vihanti. Geological Map of Finland 1: Pre-Quaternary Rocks, Sheet Salli, I Pre-Quaternary Rocks of the Pyhäjoki and Vihanti Map-Sheet areas. Geological Map of Finland 1: Explanation to the Maps of Pre-Quaternary Rocks, Sheets Geological Survey of Finland. 52 p Vaasjoki, M. & Sakko, M The evolution of the Raahe-Ladoga zone in Finland: isotopic constraints., Bulletin 343,

17 Mineral Deposit Report Page 17 OF Vaasjoki, M., Äikäs, O. & Rehtijärvi, P The age of mid-proterozoic phosphatic metasediments in Finland as indicated by radiometric U-Pb dates. Lithos 13, Weihed, P. & Eilu, P Fennoscandian Shield - Proterozoic VMS deposits. Ore Geology Reviews 27,