Name of the dissertation The Planning and Optimisation of DVB-H Radio Network Manuscript submitted 21 May 2010 Manuscript revised

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1 AB ABSTRACT OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Author Jyrki Teppo Juho PENTTINEN HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNLOGY P.O. BOX 1000, FI TKK Name of the dissertation The Planning and Optimisation of DVB-H Radio Network Manuscript submitted 21 May 2010 Manuscript revised Date of the defence Monograph Faculty Department Field of research Opponent(s) Supervisor Instructor Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Electronics, communications and automation Communications and networking Telecommunications Engineering Prof. Ulrich Reimers Prof. Sven-Gustav Häggman Dr. Jukka Henriksson Abstract There are details in DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting Handheld) radio network planning that lack of the final consensus in the scientific field. The aim of this doctorate thesis is thus to investigate advanced DVB-H radio network planning and optimisation methods. The outcome includes results about measurement techniques, network coverage and quality estimation, technological and economical optimisation, and methodologies related to the error correction and single frequency network aspects. The results provide a set of DVB-H radio network planning and optimisation principles that can be applied for the further investigation of detailed parameter values of the radio link budget. There are also case studies presented that show the functionality of methods. Based on the comparative investigations, a process chart was created for the DVB-H radio network planning and optimisation. The identified process blocks can be applied to a typical DVB-H network deployment in the initial high-level phase as well as in detailed network planning and optimisation phase. Based on the process, most relevant items were selected for in-depth studies. The related investigations are presented in annexed Publications. The rest of the process steps were revised via comparative literature studies. The structure of the thesis follows thus the designed process charts. The main focus of this thesis is in the development of DVB-H radio network planning methodologies. One of the goals was to investigate the radio interface measurement data post-processing and analysis. This can be used for the correct selection of the related radio parameter values as function of the radio channel type. Another topic is related to the controlled handling of over-sized single frequency network areas by balancing the elevated SFN interference level with the SFN gain. A physical layer simulator was created as a basis for these studies, and case results are presented as function of the relevant radio parameter values, transmitter power levels and site antenna heights both in theoretical as well as realistic network layouts. In addition to the above mentioned topics, this thesis also investigates selected EMC and human exposure safety zone calculations, radio coverage estimations and the balancing of technical radio parameters and network costs in order to complete the planning process steps. Keywords Mobile TV, digital video broadcasting, radio network design, SFN, MPE-FEC, single frequency network ISBN (printed) ISBN (pdf) Language ISSN (printed) ISSN (pdf) Number of pages Publisher Print distribution The dissertation can be read at

2 AB VÄITÖSKIRJAN TIIVISTELMÄ Tekijä Jyrki Teppo Juho PENTTINEN TEKNILLINEN KORKEAKOULU PL 1000, TKK Väitöskirjan nimi DVB-H verkon suunnittelu ja optimointi Käsikirjoituksen päivämäärä Korjatun käsikirjoituksen päivämäärä Väitöstilaisuuden ajankohta Monografia Tiedekunta Laitos Tutkimusala Vastaväittäjä(t) Työn valvoja Työn ohjaaja Yhdistelmäväitöskirja (yhteenveto + erillisartikkelit) Elektroniikan, tietoliikenteen ja automation tiedekunta Tietoliikenne- ja tietoverkkotekniikan laitos Telecommunications Engineering Prof. Ulrich Reimers Prof. Sven-Gustav Häggman TkT Jukka Henriksson Tiivistelmä DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting Handheld) radioverkon suunnitteluperiaatteissa on vielä yksityiskohtia, jotka eivät ole täysin selkeitä tieteellisessä yhteisössä. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on siksi kehittää DVB-H verkon suunnitteluja optimointimenetelmiä. Työ sisältää tutkimuksia mittaustekniikoista, radioverkon peitto- ja laatuarvioinneista, teknistaloudellisista optimointiperiaatteista sekä virheenkorjauksen ja yksitaajuusverkon toimivuudesta. Työn tuloksena on tarkennettuja DVB-H radioverkon suunnittelu- ja optimointimenetelmiä, joita voidaan soveltaa yksityiskohtaisessa radiolinkkibudjetin tutkinnassa ja parametriarvojen valinnassa. Väitöskirjassa on myös esimerkkitutkimuksia, jotka osoittavat esitettyjen menetelmien käytettävyyden tyypillisiä parametriarvoja käytettäessä. Työn pohjaksi on luotu DVB-H radioverkon suunnittelu- ja optimointiprosessikaavio vertailevaan aihepiirin selvitykseen perustuen. Prosessin osioita voidaan soveltaa tyypillisessä DVB-H verkon käyttöönotossa niin alustavassa kuin tarkennetussa verkon suunnittelussa ja optimoinnissa. Prosessista valittiin merkittävimmät osiot työn tutkimuskohteiksi. Niihin liittyvät osajulkaisut on esitetty väitöskirjan liitteinä. Prosessikaavion muita lohkoja on selvennetty vertailevilla kirjallisuustutkimuksilla. Väitöskirjan rakenne seuraa siten esitettyä prosessikaaviota. Työn pääasiallinen näkökulma liittyy DVB-H radioverkon suunnittelumenetelmien kehitykseen. Ensimmäinen päätutkimusaiheista liittyy radiorajapinnan mittauksiin, mittaustulosten jatkokäsittelyyn ja analyysimenetelmiin. Tätä tietoa voidaan käytää radiokanavaspesifisiä parametriarvoja valittaessa. Toinen pääaihe liittyy hallittuun yksitaajuusverkon (SFN, Single Frequency Network) rajojen kasvattamiseen tasapainotellen SFN-häiriöitä ja SFN-vahvistusarvoja. Tämän osion perustaksi luotiin fyysisen kerroksen SFN-simulaattori, jonka avulla tutkittiin esimerkkitapauksia varioiden lähetinasemien tehotasoa ja antennikorkeutta niin teoreettisissa kuin käytännön ympäristöissä tyypillisillä radioverkon parametriarvoilla. Suunnitteluprosessin täydentämiseksi väitöskirjassa esitetään myös häiriö- ja turvaetäisyyden laskennan menetelmiä, vertaillaan radioverkon peittoalue-ennusteiden toimivuutta sekä tutkitaan teknisten radioparametrien ja verkkokustannusten tasapainottelua. Asiasanat Matkaviestin-TV, digitaalinen videolähete, radioverkkosuunnittelu, SFN, MPE-FEC, yksitaajuusverkko ISBN (painettu) ISBN (pdf) Kieli ISSN (painettu) ISSN (pdf) Sivumäärä Julkaisija Painetun väitöskirjan jakelu Luettavissa verkossa osoitteessa

3 ix Contents Preface... vii Contents... ix List of Publications... xiii Author's contribution... xv List of Abbreviations... xvii List of Symbols... xxi List of Figures... xxv List of Tables... xxix 1 Introduction DVB-H scene Problem identification and objectives of this thesis Thesis outline Publications and contributions Principles of DVB-H Description DVB-H network Architecture Functionality Elements Radio Functionality Radio transmitter Terminal Frequency... 17

4 x OFDM Parameters Error recovery Time Slicing SFN / MFN Interaction channel Initial radio network planning process High-level network dimensioning process Capacity Planning Coverage and QoS Planning [Publications V, VII] Link budget Propagation models Safety distance [Publication VI] Cost optimisation [Publication I] Detailed radio network design Identifying the planning items Detailed network planning process Capacity planning Coverage planning [Publications V, VII] Effect of site locations Site cell range predictions Local measurements [Publications II, VIII, IX] Coverage area Error correction Accuracy of error correction analysis Effect of SFN [Publications III, IV, X] Non-interfered network Interfered network Conclusion Radiation limitations [Publication VI]... 80

5 xi 4.8 Cost prediction [Publication I] Optimisation Site parameters Controlled SFN interference [Publications III, X] SFN Gain vs. Interferences [Publications IV, VII, X] MPE-FEC Gain [Publication VIII] Antenna down-tilt [Publication V] User Experience Related Parameters Cost Optimization [Publication I] Cost optimization in the non-interfered network Cost optimization in interfered SFN network Summary and conclusions Main results of this thesis Usage of the results Further study items References Errata Appendix A: SFN Simulator Appendix B: Publications I - X

6 xiii List of Publications This thesis contains a summary of the following Publications which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. These Publications were presented in conferences or journals during I II III IV V CAPEX and OPEX optimisation as function of DVB-H transmitter power. The Third International Conference on Digital Telecommunications ICDT 2008, June 29 - July 5, Bucharest, Romania. 6 p. Field measurement and data analysis method for DVB-H mobile devices. The Third International Conference on Digital Telecommunications ICDT 2008, June 29 - July 5, Bucharest, Romania. 6 p. The simulation of the interference levels in extended DVB-H SFN areas. The Fourth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications ICWMC 2008, July 27 - August 1, Athens, Greece. 6 p. The SFN gain in non-interfered and interfered DVB-H networks. The Fourth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications ICWMC 2008, July 27 - August 1, Athens, Greece. 6 p. DVB-H coverage estimation in highly populated urban area. The 58th Annual IEEE Broadcast Symposium, October 2008, Alexandria, VA, USA. 6 p. VI DVB-H radiation aspects. IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems ISWCS 2008, October 2008, Reykjavik, Iceland. 5 p. VII VIII IX DVB-H performance simulations in dense urban area. The Third International Conference on Digital Society ICDS February 1-7, 2009 Cancun, Mexico. 6 p. MPE-FEC performance as function of the terminal speed in typical DVB-H radio channels. IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB) May, 2009, Bilbao Spain. 6 p. Field measurement and data analysis method for DVB-H mobile devices. International Journal on Advances in Systems and Measurements, ISSN x, vol. 2, no. 1, year 2009, pages

7 xiv X The SFN gain in non-interfered and interfered DVB-H networks. International Journal on Advances in Internet Technology, ISSN , vol. 2, no. 1, 2009, pages

8 xv Author's contribution The author has contributed solely all the contents of the Publications I-VII and IX-X, including the creation of the related simulator explained in Appendix 1. For Publication VIII, the author contributed 50 % of the contents which included the theoretical revision, laboratory and indoor live network measurements and data collection, as well as the respective analysis and conclusions. The summary of the above mentioned Publications is presented in Chapters 4 6 and all the Publications are annexed in originally presented format. The contributions of this thesis can be divided into the following areas: Studies about the DVB-H radio network planning and optimisation. The study items consist of the theoretical DVB-H coverage area calculations with comparisons of the results obtained via operational network planning tool. There are also studies about the EMC (Electro-Magnetic Compatibility) and safety distances presented. This part creates a general basis for the network planning process. Clarified method for the field measurements with hand-held DVB-H terminal and respective method for the analysis in order to obtain sufficiently in-depth information about the quality level of the DVB-H radio network. Based on the related measurements and analysis, the radio link budget can be adjusted accordingly depending on the special characteristics of the investigated environment. Creation and execution of physical level simulation methodology for the investigations of the performance of the single frequency network in order to obtain the geographical and cumulative distribution of the SFN interference and SFN gain levels of DVB-H. The methodology provides information about the suitable parameter settings of the radio network, including the transmitter antenna heights and transmitter power levels. The method can be utilized in the theoretical studies for the approximation of the optimal parameter settings in uniform site cell layout cases, as well as in in-depth phase of the network planning with varying site locations, power levels and antenna heights.