Pesticide residues in water bodies

Transkriptio

1 Pesticide residues in water bodies Sari Autio Finnish Environment Institute, Chemicals Opening seminar of PesticideLife, Jokioinen

2 Backgound of VESKA2 survey Water framework directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) Gathering information for planning follow-up and residue reduction of farmful priority substances Council of State regulating harmful substances of water environment = Vespa-regulation (1022/2006) > priority substances No pesticide residue surveys in 10 years Hirvi ja Rekolainen 1995 (sampling ) Rekolainen et al (sampling ) Use of pesticides have been changing since previous surveys Pesticide residues detedcted in ground water (Gustafsson et al. 2004)

3 100 analysed substances between years Pesticides in EU s harmful priority substances (alakloori, atrazinei, endosulfane, isopropturon, klorfenviphos, klorpyriphos, lindane, simatsine, trifluraline) National priority substances (MCPA, prochloraz, dimethoate, mancotseb + ETU, metamithrone, tribenuronmetyl) Other substances analysed with the same method Liquid and gas chromatographic residue analysis (98 in total) Separate analyses for tribenuron-methyl and dithiocarbamate erillisanalyysit

4 About pesticides on priority list Some of them never used in Finland alachlor, diurone, isoproturone, chlorphenvinphos Some of them are prohibited Lindane, atratzine, simatzine, endosulfan Still in use Chlorpyriphos (permitted to control of insects indoors in Finland) trifluraline (weed management on turnip rape, temporarily permitted in Finland in summer 2009)

5 In selection of National priority pesticides, harmfulness, runoff risk and sale amount (Londesborough 2003) MCPA (the second pesticide on sales list) metamithtone (most sold herbicide on sugar-beet) tribenuroni-metyyli (most sold of low volume sprayed herbicides ) dimethoate (most sold insecticide) ETU, degradation product of mancozeb (e.g. control of potato blight) prochloraz (control of cereal leaf spots)

6 Goals and methods of VESKA2 survey VESKA2-kartoituksen tavoitteet ja menetelmät Ajankohta Vesistötyyppi Tavoite Näytteenotto Kesä 2004 Syksy 2004 Talvi 2004/2005 Kesä 2005 Kesä 2006 Jokia/puroja/ valtaojia 6 valumaalueella lähellä käyttöä 6 suurta mereen laskevaa jokea Löytäneenojan intensiivinäytteenottopiste 35 peltovaltaiselta valuma-alueelta + 5 vertailuvesistöä Jokivesistöjä 3 valumaalueella + 6 suurta mereen laskevaa jokea Kartoittaa pitoisuuksia ja vaihtelua kasvukaudella Kartoittaa pitoisuuksia valuma-alueella (laimeneminen) Kartoittaa mahdollisia pitoisuuksia kasvukauden ulkopuolella Kartoittaa pitoisuuksia mahdollisimman kattavasti eri valuma-alueilla Testata mahdollisen jatkuvan seurannan toteutusta 2-5 vesinäytettä kasvukaudella, kertanäyte sedimentistä. Viikoittaiset kokoomanäytteet intensiivialueelta Kertanäytteet syyskuussa alajuoksulla Näytteet kerran kuussa 2 vesinäytettä kasvukaudessa sekä kertanäyte sedimentistä Vesinäytteet kerran kuukaudessa kasvukaudella (yht. 6 kpl/alue)

7 Survey areas Kokemäenj. Lestijoki Kinarehenoja Löytäneenoja (intensiivialue) Auraj. Paimionj. Vantaanj. Suonenjoki Koijoki Hauho Lepsämänjoki Porvoonj.

8 VESKA Pesticides 2005 Regional survey: 2 x 35 places sampling from rivers of land use, more than 25 % fields On reference areas, less than 10 % fields Sediment sample, if possible

9 Intensive survey at Löytäneenoja (6 km 2 ) - sampling weekly (picture K. Siimes)

10 Upriver Lepsämänjoki, catchment about. 15 km 2 (åpicture K. Siimes)

11 Middleriver Lepsämänjoki, (picture K. Siimes)

12 detection % registered herbicides 2 herbicides cancelled quantified from register traces 4 degradation products of herbicides 2 fungicides 1 insekticide 76 substances analysed was not detected MCPA dichlorprop mecoprop ethofumesate tribenuron-methyl simazine hexazinone* terbuthylazine linuron clopyralid triflusulfuron-methyl terbutryn pirimicarb (insect.) metalaxyl (fungic.) aclonifen methabenzthiazuron endosulfansulfat (m) dicamba atrazine* DIA (m) DEDIA (m) DEA (m) triasulfuron cyprodinil (fungic.)

13 Most frequent ferbicides Fenoxy acids, use mainly on cereal cultivation: MCPA (67%), dichlorprop (50%), mecoprop (47%) Ethofumesate (44%), usen in sugar beets Low volume spraying herbicides e.g. tribenuronemethyl (37%), simazine (36%) hexazinone (30%, no more registered) Herbicides of potato e.g.. terbutylazine (27%), linuron (21%) Degradation products of atrazine

14 Detected insecticides and fungicides From intensive survey area: pirimicarb (10%), controlling aphids metalaxyl (6%), seed dressing on turnip rape and against potato blight Near strawberry farms: cyprodinil, controlling leaf spots Degradation products of endosulfan

15 Intensive survey area: different substances have different culmination points (µg/l) Etofumesaatti Ethofumesate Heksatsinoni Hexazinone * MCPA Pirimikarbi Pirimicarb May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 0 Left: concentration of MCPA:n and ethofumesate Right: Hexazinone and pirimicarb

16 Extensive pesticide survey in Sweden (n>1800); partly different substances were analysed (n=70, substances 100). 24 substances in surface waters in both countries, of which 10 were the same Sweden e.g. Glyphosate (85%, h.) Bentazone (29%, h.) Isoproturone (EU, h.) Lindane (EU, ins.) Metamithrone (FIN h.) In both countries Fenoxyacids: MCPA (FIN), dichlorprop and mecoprop Etofumesat (h. sugar beet.) Pirimicarb (i) Simazine and atrazin (EU, h.) Terbutylazin (h. peruna) Chlopyralid (h.) Metalaxyl (f) In Finland e.g.. Hexazinone (h.) Linuron Sulphonylurea Degradation products (e.g. DIA, DEA, endosulfansulf.) h = herbicide f= fungicide i = insecticide

17 AQ reason to concern? - Highest separate concentrations, over 0,1 µg/l: Fenoxyacids yearly, MCPA occasionally > EQS Etofumesat, chlopyralid, dimethoate, linuron, triflusulfuron-metyl in 2 years - Priority substances, < EQS: athrazine, simazine+ degradation products, endosulfan, isoproturon - Residues detected also from lower course of large rivers - Interactions of substances? - Climate change: more runoff, more residues? => Follow-up of pesticide residues from water bodies is necessary

18 Thanks Survey data and environmental quality norms: Katri Siimes, Jaakko Mannio, Kirsti Kalevi, Jari Heinonen, Susan Londesborough (SYKE)