RYM Sisäympäristö-ohjelman tuloksia Risto Kosonen Halton Oy Aalto 3/2014
SY-ohjelman tavoitteet New solutions for global markets through radically new indoor environment knowledge Sisäympäristö-tutkimusohjelman tavoitteena on löytää ratkaisuja, joilla edistetään tilan käyttäjien tuottavuutta, viihtyvyyttä ja terveyttä ekologisesti kestävällä tavalla. Tutkimusohjelma realisoi tavoitteita kauaskantoisella ja monitieteellisellä yritysten ja tutkimuslaitosten tutkimusyhteistyöllä.
SY-ohjelma lyhyesti Tutkimusohjelma toteutetaan vuosina 2011-2015 Tutkimusohjelman kokonaisbudjetti on yli 20M euroa Tutkimusohjelma jakaantuu 4 työpakettiin ja niiden alla oleviin tehtäväpaketteihin Tutkimuskonsortiossa 25 yritystä 12 tutkimuslaitosta Laaja osallistujajoukko kuvaa tutkimuksen aihepiiriin liittyvää merkittävää liiketoimintapotentiaalia
SY-tutkimuskonsortion jäsenet YRITYKSET Kiinteistönomistajat Aalto yliopistokiinteistöt Helsingin yliopistokiinteistöt Suomen yliopistokiinteistöt Senaatti-kiinteistöt Icecapital REAM Rakennusliikkeet NCC Rakennus Skanska Talonrakennus Skanska Consti Konsultit ja palvelutoimittajat Boost Brothers Vahanen Lassila & Tikanoja FEG-Finnish Education Group Newsec Asset Management Granlund Oy Tuote-, materiaali- ja järjestelmätoimittajat Fatman Halton Helvar Cupori Oras Rettig lämpö Schneider Electric Buildings Finland SPU Systems Uponor TUTKIMUSLAITOKSET Aalto yliopisto Helsingin yliopisto Metropolia Jyväskylän yliopisto Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (THL) Oulun yliopisto Satakunnan ammattikorkeakoulu Tampereen yliopisto Työterveyslaitos (TTL) Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto (TTY) Itä-Suomen yliopisto Teknologian tutkimuskeskus (VTT)
SY-ohjelman työpaketit tuottavat merkittävän määrän tieteellisiä tuloksia Ohjelmassa on valmistunut lähes 150 tieteellistä julkaisua Ohjelmassa on käynnistetty yli 20 erilaista kehityshanketta Ohjelman kautta rakennetaan yhteistyötä 4 EU-tason hankeen kanssa WP1, User-Centric Indoor Environment, ienv WP2, Energy Efficient Control of Indoor Environment, EECI WP3, Business Logic on Knowledge Intensive Space Markets, KISS WP4, Learning Spaces (Environments) How to enhance facility user s well-being, productivity and satisfaction ecologically sustainable way?
Valuing green building certificates as real options (Aalto University) Background: no consensus exists among industry professionals how green buildings and specifically green building certificates should be valued. Aim: This study aims to find out whether the uncertainty and potential extra value of a green certificate could be quantified with real options valuation (ROV). Data is gathered from eight independent valuation professionals in an office building setting with and without a green certificate. Main finding: The results show that a mean real option value of 985,000 (or 8.8 % premium to the mean property value) was found for a LEED Platinum certificate in the Finnish property market.
Valuing Flexibility in a Retrofit Investment (Aalto, 2013) Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore how real options analysis can be used for valuing flexibility in a real retrofit investment case, present a research process for valuing the flexibility in the retrofit investment case, and evaluate the empirical usability of real options valuation results compared with traditional discounted cash flow valuation results. Findings: The main finding is that real options analysis can be used for assessing the monetary value of flexibility. In the empirical case, it was found that flexibility investments was profitable only when parts of the building instead of the whole building was designed flexible. The present value of the pay-off from flexibility ranged from negative 58 /sqm to positive 130 /sqm, depending on the tenant. Relevance: real options is a potential tool for project development / investment analysis
Experience of Places Six dimensional model for capturing the user experience (Aalto) Aim: to contribute to the research to enrich our knowledge of the various dimensions of the person-environment relationship and to create a framework for the experience of place. Key findings: The user experience of places has been one of the main concepts in research on the usability of workplaces. The six dimensions (frequency, familiarity, functionality, narrative, atmosphere, importance) of the experience of place provide a conceptual and structure framework for workplace developers, designers and managers the framework translates the user experience to user-orientated workplace management. Relevance: new information on user experience modeling
Significance of both internal and external boundary conditions on human thermal sensation (VTT) Aim: to describe the basic features of a new advanced human thermal model (HTM), which is integrated with a building simulation tool. The model biological and building models of thermal physics. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Key findings: According to the test cases presented, the new Human Thermal Model (HTM) seems promising for evaluating thermal sensation of occupants. In this study operative temperature, metabolic rate and clothing were found to be the most dominant boundary conditions. Integrating building simulation model and advanced human thermal model clearly allows more accurate estimations of the effects, which different internal and external boundary conditions have on occupants. Therefore, HTM can be utilised, for example, for evaluating new technical concepts for future energy-efficient buildings. Relevance: new information and tool for analyzing thermal sensation of occupants.
Tilamallinnus käyttäjätiedon ja teknisen suunnittelun yhdistäjänä (TTY, TTL, VTT) Aim: Artikkelissa pohditaan osallistuvan suunnittelun ja teknisen suunnittelun tulosten havainnollistamista ja hyo dynta mista ka ytta en rikastettua rakennuksen tietomallia seka termisen viihtyvyyden mallin visualisointia suunnitteluprosessin kommunikaatiova lineena. Miten työntekijän preferenssit ja työn luonteen erityispiirteet voidaan ajoissa sovittuun tilatyyppiratkaisuun? Key findings: Artikkelissa kuvataan rikastetun rakennuksen tietomallin käyttömahdollisuutta suunnitteluprosessin kommunikaatiovälineenä. Menetelmällä kyetään mm. tarkastelemaan mahdollisten käyttäjäkyselyssä esiin nousseiden ongelmien paikantumista sekä paikallista klusteroitumista. Kyselytulosten havainnollistamisella voidaan oikeaaikaisesti toteutettuna tuoda rakennusten käyttäjien ns. hiljaista tietoa suunnitteluprosessin käyttöön ennen keskustelun äitymistä äänekkääksi. Relevance: suunnitteluprosessin kommunikaatioväline
THERMAL CONDITIONS IN A SIMULATED OFFICE ENVIRONMENT WITH CONVECTIVE AND RADIANT COOLING SYSTEMS Aim: the thermal conditions with four different convective and radiant cooling systems have been measured and analysed Key findings: The results revealed that the differences in thermal conditions between the four systems were not big. The air temperature and operative temperature were similar in all studied cases (operative temperature about 0.2 C higher than room air temperature). Relevance: new information about the system performance OFFICE ROOM IN DESIGN (WITH BOLD FONT) AND USUAL CONDITIONS (WITH NORMAL FONT) Measurement results in occupied Chilled ceiling Chilled beam Chilled beam with zone at heights 0.1 m - 1.7 m with mixing vent. radiant panels Average air velocity [m/s] 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 Average of 5 highest velocities 0.22 0.25 0.23 0.20 0.25 0.25 Average air temperature [ C] 26.1 25.8 26.1 26.0 25.8 25.9 Average temperature of window side 26.8 26.4 26.9 26.4 26.2 26.4 Average temperature of door side 25.7 25.4 25.7 25.7 25.6 25.7 Average horizontal temperature diff. 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 Average vertical temperature diff. 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 Horizontal operative temperature diff. 1.6 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 Vertical operative temperature diff. -0.1 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 n.a. Average operative-air temperature 0.13 0.29 0.19 0.12 0.13 0.10 Average draft rate [%] 7.9 9.5 8.1 5.7 7.8 6.9 Average of 5 highest draft rates 14.3 18.9 17.1 11.7 17.4 16.2
PERCEIVED THERMAL CONDITIONS WITH CONVECTIVE AND RADIANT COOLING SYSTEMS Aim: The present paper reports on the subjective experiments performed with 24 human subjects in a mechanically ventilated realistically simulated office room with four hydronic cooling systems under summer conditions: chilled beam (CB), chilled beam with integrated radiant panel (CBR), chilled ceiling with overhead mixing ventilation (CCMV) and four desk partition mounted radiant cooling panels with overhead mixing ventilation (MVRC). Key findings: Under the studied conditions, all four systems showed similar performance with respect to whole body TS. Whole body thermal sensation acceptability was close to clearly acceptable with all four tested systems Relevance: new information about the system performance
Under Floor Cooling in nzeb (Uponor Plc) Aim: to review measured and simulated results of the cooling loads introduced in nzeb buildings. Key findings: space cooling is needed zneb construction, not only in the summer, but also in prolonged periods during spring and autumn when the low angel of the sun gives high solar radiation through windows. If the focus is only on reduction of the required heating energy, the comfort for occupants risks being neglected. To meet the cooling loads in a sustainable way it s suggested to use under floor cooling with a ground heat exchanger as heat sink. The solution has been implemented and measured using vertical as well as horizontal ground heat exchangers. The results show that such under floor cooling system in all cases ensures indoor temperatures below 26 C throughout the climatic seasons. Relevance: new information how to meet cooling loads in a sustainable way The simulations were made for a building geometry corresponding to the current national Danish building code based on real constructed nzeb energy house.
Flow pattern and thermal comfort in office environment with active chilled beams Aim: to study the flow patterns and draft risk in an open plan office environment where cooling and air distribution is implemented with active chilled beams. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Halton Key findings: according to CDF simulations and empirical measurements, the thermal plumes from heat sources and warm or cold windows had a notable effect on the flow pattern and velocity distribution in the occupied zone. Areas with increased draft risk were found in locations where the supply jet turns down to the occupied zone. Draft risk can also be high at the floor level as a result of a circulating flow pattern in the room. Relevance: new information on thermal comfort and used techical systems and solutions
CFD-model for swirl diffuser for heating and cooling modes Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Aim: to develop a simplified CFD model for the inlet jet of a swirl diffuser for the simulation of room air flow patterns. Key findings: The developed model was validated in isothermal conditions for both adjustments and for non- isothermal conditions for the heating mode. The model was found to predict well the flow patterns and velocity levels in both modes. Two turbulence models were used in the simulations, k-epsilon and SST. The differences between the results of the two models were small. Relevance to NCC: new information on CFDsimulations
Combined energy simulation and multi-criteria optimisation of a leedcertified building Aim: to gain some experience in applying combined energy simulation and multi-criteria optimisation to a real building which was going to be LEEDcertified. The building is a two-storey shopping centre in Jyväskylä (22 000m2, steel-mineral-wool-steel) Skanska M&E Services Aalto University Key findings: For energy simulations a model of the building was created. The simulation tool used was IDA- ICE, which is a software accepted for LEED energy simulation. The simulation program was combined with an in-house implemented Pareto-archive NSGA II algorithm. Two objective functions were used: first the amount of yearly purchased energy and second, the investments related to the design variables. Optimisation using a detailed LEED energy simulation model is computationally expensive for a large building. Too many factors were already fixed and the impact was rather scarce. However, developing the approach further and integrating it to the planning process definitely offers huge possibilities. Relevance: new information on energy simulations
Pilotit ja demot RYMissä Täyden mittakaavan kokeilut = pilotteja Suunnittelu, rakentaminen ja käyttöönotto kestää vuosia 4 v:n RYM -tutkimuksessa voidaan analysoida vain jo valmiita ratkaisuja Tarvitaan nopeampia demoja Suunnitellaan talvella, analysoidaan lähtötilanne Toteutetaan kesällä, kun porukka lomalla Analysoidaan syksyllä, miten muutos vaikuttaa Kokemusten pohjalta suunnitellaan uudet demot seuraavana talvena Ensimmäiset demot tehty kesällä 2012 Tarvitaan vieläkin nopeampia Pop-Up demoja Pystyyn päivässä (vrt. messuosastot) Viikon käyttäjätutkimus Johtopäätökset Suunnitellaan parannettu versio 18
Ennakkoasenteet Kokeilemalla testaamme uusia ratkaisuja; sovellamme ns. double diamond -mallia Mitkä ovat oikeita ongelmia? Mitkä ovat oikeita ratkaisuja? Uusi havainto tai keksintö Kokeillaan, tehdään interventio Kehitään eteenpäin Laajennetaan toimintaa Opitaan tekemällä Analysoidaan vaikuttavuuksia; miten tukee prosesseja, tarpeita http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/designprocess 19
Ympäristöä parannetaan pienillä kokeiluilla Motivaattori -kahvila rakennettiin 1990 -luvulla Nyt erittäin suosittu Tarpeeseen nähden liian pieni Miten laajentaa kahvilaa koko alaaulaan ja muuttaa aula samalla uudeksi oppimis- ja työskentelyympäristöksi 20
Näkymä Minervatorille Tabletit oleellinen osaa uutta oppimistilaa Samanaikaisopetuksen luokka Tilassa Xbox ja Smart board 21
Millaisia ovat parhaat sisäympäristöt? Ominaisuuksia: 1. Antaa energiaa ja inspiroi, Mahtava paikka! Pitemma n pa a lle alkaa a rsytta a, ellei 2. Auttaa suoriutumaan tehtävästä, Edistää hallinnan tunnetta; minä osaan, minä kykenen, mina voin, saan, keksin, 3. Erilaisia sosiaalisia ulottuvuuksia Yksin, yhdessä, erilaisissa ryhmissä Toinen ihminen inspiroi, antaa energiaa, Auttaa suoriutumaan tehtävästä, arvostaa Voin säädellä, hallita 22
Lisätietoja SY-ohjelmasta www.rym.fi indoorenvironment.org