Environmental Research Infrastructures and data Ari Asmi University of Helsinki

Environmental Research Infrastructures and data Ari Asmi University of Helsinki www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto

Earth system research Specialties in observing the Earth System Example of an Earth system observation network: ICOS Examples of initiatives towards integration of data and products ENVRI COOPEUS GEO Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 2

Earth system science Multidisciplinary Lithosphere Biologists Biosphere Seismologists Geologists Chemists Physicists Meteorologists Atmosphere Glaciologists Hydrosphere Oceanographers Diverse methods Diverse time and spatial scales Often need of long time series Complex feedbacks and interactions Everything is connected, except the science and data (usually) Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 3

Environmental Science oceanic and atmospheric processes long-term development of the climate system Biological processes biodiversity development of the cryosphere and lithosphere Earth as a single complex and coupled system 4 Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013

Example of Earth system observation network : Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 6

Half of the man-made CO 2 emissions stays in the atmosphere Airborne fraction 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Atmosphere a Fraction into the atmosphere increases Fraction into terrestrial ecosystems stable Fraction into oceans decreases Land fraction Ocean fraction 0.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0-0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Terrestrial ecosystems b c Oceans 0.1 Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 7 Canadell et al. (2007) PNAS Raupach et al. (2008) Biogeosciences 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Distributed infra ü A distributed network of sta1ons ü Wall- to- wall European + North Atlan1c coverage ü to quan1fy regional greenhouse gas ﬂuxes (up to 10km/daily scale) Atmospheric stations Ecosystem stations Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS Ocean ship and stations 05/06/2013 8

ICOS technical architecture Specific users, GMES L1a Near real time L3 products, Data fusion ICOS Local infras CO 2 - CH 4 sensor Other sensors, Local infras µ met sensors Other sensors, Volunteer ship pco 2 sensor Othe sensors, Atmospheric stations Ecosystem stations Ocean platforms L0 support Central Analytical Lab L0 support L0 support Atmospheric TC Ecosystem TC Ocean TC DB DB DB L1,L2 L1,L2 L1,L2 Carbon Portal Users, Research community Users: Policy makers Citizen scientists Society Private sector Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 9

What is ICOS? A world- class infrastructure to quan1fy and understand greenhouse gas concentra9ons and fluxes Long- term measurements at network of sites 40 backbone ecosystem flux sites 40 atmospheric concentra1on sites 10 ocean ship- lines The performance of the ensemble will be greater than the sum of each na1onal network Scale: Europe and key regions of interest for Europe Large implica1ons for climate policy Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 10 Marjut Kaukolehto, Sanna Sorvari

Connecting the dots to understand Earth system Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 12

Atmosphere Sea of Earth system data Lithosphere Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS Biosphere www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 13

Two projects and one initiative for helping out discovery and use of ES data Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 14

ESFRI Environmental Research Infrastructures Tropospheric research aircraft Upgrade of incoherent SCATter facility Multidisciplinary seafloor observatory Plate observing system Global ocean observing infrastructure COPAL EISCAT-3D EMSO EPOS EURO- ARGO Aircraft for global observing system Integrated carbon observation system Biodiversity and ecosystem research infra Svalbard arctic Earth observing system IAGOS ICOS LIFEWATCH SIOS 15 Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013

Providing common language for IT solutions Data Acquisition 16 Data Management Data Access www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto User Community Support 05/06/2013 Matem aattisluonno ntieteel linen tiedeku nta / Ari Asmi / ICOS/ ENVRI/ COOPE US

Providing: Common way to describe IT solutions A way to improve different infrastructure communications Strategic development for Earth System science Atmosphere Sea of Earth system data Lithosphere Biosphere Bridge (Connected datasets including formats) Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 17

Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 18

Helping to integrate between US and EU NEON FIELD SITES 16 - PACIFIC NORTHWEST Core Site Relocatable Site Aquatic Site 12 - NORTHERN ROCKIES STREON Site NEON HQ 9 - NORTHERN PLAINS 15 - GREAT BASIN 5 - GREAT LAKES 6 - PRAIRIE PENINSULA 17 - PACIFIC SOUTHWEST 13 - SOUTHERN ROCKIES 14 - DESERT & COLORADO PLATEAU SOUTHWEST 18 - TUNDRA 10 - CENTRAL PLAINS 1 - NORTHEAST 7 - APPLACHIANS & CUMBERLAND 2- MID PLATEAU ATLANTIC 8 - OZARKS COMPLEX 11 - SOUTHERN PLAINS 3 - SOUTHEAST 19 - TAIGA 4 - ATLANTIC NEOTROPICAL 20 - PACIFIC TROPICAL AIMS measurements data formats metadata policies Strategies 2011; Produced by NEON, Inc. A CONTINENTAL-SCALE DESIGN NEON s measurement strategy is designed to observe both the causes of ecological change (such as climate and land use) and biological responses to change from site to continent. NEON also coordinates operations with other research, networks, and observatories. All NEON data measurements are made consistently across NEON sites using rigorously managed calibrations and are traceable to national or internationally recognized standards. In order to collect ecological data in a strategic manner, NEON has partitioned the U.S. into 20 eco-climatic domains, each of which represents different regions of vegetation, landforms, climate, and ecosystem dynamics. Each domain includes: Integration and Scaling NEON science goals require a statistical sampling design that allows inference at regional and continental scales. This design unites point and process t One core site (representative of unmanaged wildland conditions) observations with remote sensing and statistical data to develop spatio- temporal analyses and forecasts. Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen / Ari t Two relocatable sitestiedekunta (focused on human land management effects on ecosystems) Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS At the site level, NEON will collect a combination of terrestrial and aquatic biological measurements and samples as well as atmospheric, soil and t In addition, each site may be co-located with an aquatic site (focused on changes to www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 19

GEO(SS) The Global Earth Observation (System of Systems) Not requiring similar datasets and standard compliance Instead works towards data brokering Provide common interface for data discovery Semantic services Conversions, services Ferry line (i.e. information how to get and use the data) Sea of Earth system data Lithosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto

Earth system research infrastructures have their data issues still much in development Generally ES data is Multidisciplinary Difficult to generalize Huge variability in contextual data quality, accessibility, discoverability and openness Work is done now to integrate internationally Discoverability Policies Data products Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 21

Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 22

In the long run, we need find answers for.. Data citations Changing dynamic data (versioning) Granularity problems Subsets of data User credit Data scientists Education (both science and IT) Career path? Earth System scientist How to train? Own discipline? Asmi / ICOS/ENVRI/COOPEUS www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto 05/06/2013 23