Geological Survey of Finland 10.12.2008 Northern Finland Office Report S41/2008/69 Rovaniemi S41/2008/69 Public 1.1.2013 Groundwater, surface water and sediment survey in Kolari and Ranua Ulpu Väisänen, Pertti Turunen and Jukka Väänänen
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND DOCUMENTATION PAGE Date 10.12.2008 Authors Ulpu Väisänen, Pertti Turunen and Jukka Väänänen Type of report Made to order Title of report Groundwater, surface water and sediment survey in Kolari and Ranua Commissioned by AREVA Resources Finland Oy Abstract The Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) investigated the quality of groundwater in springs in the areas of Kolari and Ranua. The research included sampling, analyses and reporting. Altogether 22 water samples were taken from the study areas, 19 samples from Kolari, 14 of them were taken from springs and 5 from brooks. Gamma spectrometry was used to select the most radioactive location at each sampling site. The water samples (3 pieces) from Ranua were taken from springs. Sediment samples (5 pieces) were also taken from Kolari. The samples of groundwater and sediments were analysed in the laboratories of Labtium Oy in Espoo and Kuopio. Measurements of radon and total alpha were made in the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK). Keywords Uranium, radiation, elements, groundwater, surface water, spring, brook, sediments Geographical area Kolari, Ranua Map sheet 2642, 3524 09 Other information Ordered by AREVA Resources Finland Oy. Order number 0846. Investigations have been carried out under the skeleton agreement dnro K129/53/2004 for year 2008. Report serial S41/2008/69 Total pages 19 pages, 5 appendices Language English Archive code Price Confidentiality : Public 1.1.2013 Unit and section Northern Finland Office, Land Use and Environment Project code Signature/name Signature/name
Contents Documentation page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Bedrock in the Rytijänkkä sampling site 1 1.2 Quaternary deposits of the study areas 2 2 SAMPLING AND ANALYSES 2 3 GAMMA RADIATION MEASUREMENTS 5 4 RESULTS OF THE ANALYSES 7 4.1 Water samples 7 4.2 Sediment samples 9 4.3 Gamma radiation 16 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 18 6 LITERATURE 18 7 APPENDICES 19
1 1 INTRODUCTION The Geological Survey of Finland investigated the quality of groundwater in springs of natural state and surface water in some brooks in the Kolari and in the Ranua areas. A few sediment samples were analysed as well from the Kolari study area. The client of this study is AREVA Resources Finland Oy. Sampling and analysing were carried out in October and November 2008. The analyses were made in Labtium Oy in Espoo (water samples) and in Kuopio (sediment samples). Radon concentrations and total contents of alpha active 234 U, 238 U, 226 Ra and 210 Po were measured in Säteilyturvakeskus (STUK, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority), Helsinki. 1.1 Bedrock in the Rytijänkkä sampling site The Rytijänkkä sampling site with its surroundings is situated in the Pasmajärvi map sheet area (2642) investigated by GTK in 1989-1990 (Väänänen, 2002, 2004). There are no bedrock exposures near the Rytijänkkä sampling site. In a wider area bedrock is selectively exposed, and some granite exposures could be found. The bedrock of the Rytijänkkä sampling site, however, mainly consists of supracrustal rocks (Väänänen 1992, 2002). On the other hand geophysical maps prove that the Rytijänkkä is situated near a northwesterly trending fracture zone. Sampling of bedrock was connected with the drilling of Quaternary deposits during the investigations of radioactive radiation anomalies of the Rytijänkkä sampling site in 1991-1992. According to the core logging (drill holes K/2642/92/R1- R5) and observations in a washed excavator pit (Fig. 1) the bedrock consists of banded biotite hornblende gneiss alternating with amphibolite. These rocks have been interpreted as volcanic intercalations (see Fig. 1) of migmatitic mica gneisses in the bedrock map of the Pasmajärvi area. In addition there exist regularly granite-pegmatite dykes cutting these rocks (Väänänen, 1992, 1998, 2002, 2004). The rock types don t solve the reason for enrichment of uranium, because the amount of U-bearing minerals apatite, epidote, titanite, zirkone and possible allanite is normal. Fractures may create opportunities for groundwater circulation and extractive effects. In any case, some enrichment process is needed to explain the source of radiation. Fig. 1. Rytijänkkä (2642 06). Banded amphibolite cutted with a granite dyke ( x = 7459.560; y = 2518.040).
2 1.2 Quaternary deposits of the study areas The Quaternary deposits in Kolari are mainly till and peat deposits. There are high hills in the study area and between the hills low-lying, paludified depressions. On the high hills there are some bedrock exposures, in general the hills are mostly covered with till deposits. The highest hill is Venevaara, 347.9 m a.s.l (Fig. 2). Low-lying depressions are mostly 190-210 m a.s.l. There is a narrow esker running across the study area from NW to SE, from Venejärvi to Rytijängäntievat, and further to Saarijärvi and Härkäjärvi. The study area is uninhabited wilds in its natural state. The Quaternary deposits in the study area of Ranua are also mostly till and peat deposits. The area is gently undulating, and the differences of height are at the most a few tens of metres. 2 SAMPLING AND ANALYSES Sampling of groundwater, surface water and sediments was carried out in the second and third weeks of October 2008. Altogether 22 groundwater and surface water samples and 5 sediment samples were collected (Figs 2 and 3). Field measurements - temperature, ph value and electrical conductivity - were done in the sampling sites. The quantity of 100 ml was taken from each sample for analysing elements (22 samples). These samples were filtered using Becton & Dickinson s disposable syringes (Plastipak 50 ml Luer-Lok, Sterile Syringe) and Schleicher & Schuell s disposable filters (FP 030/2, 0.45 μm) and acidified with 0.5 ml of 65 % suprapure nitric acid. The water samples were stored in cool boxes and a refregerator before bringing them for analyses to the laboratory of Labtium Oy in Espoo. All the water samples were analysed by a combination of ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atom emission spectrometry) methods. Altogether 33 elements were analysed, including main cations Ca, Mg, Na and K. Sediment samples (organic) were taken from the Kolari study area: sampling sites 2 (Rytijänkkä, spring), 8 (Majavaoja, brook), 11 (Majavaoja, spring), 14 (Venevaara, brook) and 20 (Kivijupukka, brook). The samples were brought to the laboratory of Labtium Oy in Kuopio. The samples were dried using lyophilisation including pre-freezing, crushed with a cutting mill and sieved <2 mm fraction. Samples were leached with nitric acid and using microwave oven techinique (EPA Method 3051) and elements were analysed by a combination of ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods. The photos of the sampling sites 1-2, 4-15 and 17-23 are presented in appendix 5. The photo of the site 16 is missing.
3 Fig. 2. Sampling sites in the Kolari study area.
Fig. 3. Sampling sites in the Ranua study area. 4
5 3 GAMMA RADIATION MEASUREMENTS Gamma radiation was measured with a Radiation Solutions RS-230 gamma spectrometer. The volume of the Bismuth Germanate crystal of the instrument is 103 cm 3 that makes it possible to measure the radioactivity of even poorly radioactive targets reliably. The unit can be used to map total radiation, it has an assay capability, and it can be used to measure 1024 channel gamma spectra. Assay capability produces the K content of the sample in per cent, and the eu and eth contents in parts per million. The measured data is stored into memory to wait for downloading to a computer for interpretation and examination. Total count measurement was used to find the most intensive radioactive spot in the sampling location. In practice only the water within the first 50 cm from the spring bank was available for checking and sampling. The sample was taken at the selected spot, and later the gamma spectrum was measured at the same spot. Spectrum collection time was 300 seconds. RS-230 was placed in a plastic basin (see fig. 4) to ensure that separate measurements were comparable. The data in column Total was calculated from the spectra. Table 1 summarizes the gamma radiation measurements. Table 1. Gammaspectrometric measurements at water sampling sites. Sample Location Sample x y Spec K eu eth Total Bg Id site [m] [m] [%] [ppm] [ppm] [cps] [cps] 1 Matomäki Drill hole 7458544 3388668 204 0.5 97.7 6.4 1450 80 1B Matomäki Brook 7458543 3388653 205 0 815.1 17.5 8500 80 1C Matomäki Brook 7458545 3388653 206 0.1 416.3 7 5000 80 2 Rytijänkkä Pond 7461365 3388177 217 2.1 51 7.1 1450 150 2B Rytijänkkä Sample 7461365 3388177 218 0.8 14.2 3.3 250 150 4 Rytijänkkä Spring 7461171 3388302 219 0.4 187.3 0.9 2800 100 5 Majavalantto Spring 7463299 3386790 215 0.3 35.1 2 700 70 6 Majavapuro Brook 7464044 3389160 207 0.7 27.8 1.1 600 60 7 Majavapuro Spring 7464024 3389024 212 0.5 51.7 1.4 500 100 8 Majavapuro Brook 7463907 3389029 209 0.7 157.4 0.7 2700 100 9 Majavapuro Brook 7463944 3389073 208 1.3 80.6 5 1500 50 10 Majavapuro Spring 7463880 3388933 210 0.6 77.1 4.4 1350 70 11 Majavapuro Spring 7463797 3388752 211 0.7 62.2 2.5 1500 150 12 Majavapuro Spring 7463631 3388935 214 0.4 55.2 1.8 1050 100 12B Majavapuro Spring 7463561 3389143 700 30 13 Majavapuro Spring 7463301 3389189 213 0.1 79.3 0 1300 30 14 Venevaara Brook 7461576 3380574 197 2.8 212.3 15.6 4100 150 15 Venevaara Spring 7461464 3380385 198 1 97.5 4.1 1800 100 16 Venevaara Brook 7461378 3380291 199 2.2 99.6 9.4 2200 100 17 Venevaara Spring 7462859 3381088 196 1.8 75.1 5.9 1700 100 18 Kivijupukka Spring 7458212 3383544 200 2.8 181.5 12.8 3400 60 19 Kivijupukka Spring 7458124 3383505 202 1.5 1.5 0.1 50 50 19B Kivijupukka Spring 7458112 3383508 203 1.1 45 3.6 1050 50 20 Kivijupukka Brook 7458164 3383402 201 1.4 26.8 5.9 650 150 21 Isokangas Spring 7331242 3484416 192 0.8 27 4.5 600 200 22 Isokangas Spring 7330735 3484461 194 0 2.9 0.5 70 70 22B Isokangas Boulder 7330750 3484500 193 6.4 131.8 103.9 3000 200 23 Isokangas Spring 7330378 3484403 195 0.3 18.4 1.2 300 130
6 Notes 1. The water sample of 1 Matomäki was taken at 1B. The radiation level was very high but a water sample from the running water was not radioactive. 2. 2B was a water sample from the site 2. The sample was radioactive. 3. 12B was a radioactive spring on the way to the site. No spectrum. 4. 19B two radioactive holes ten meters from site 19. 5. 22B is a large (~1 ha) boulder field with high radioactivity. 6. The exact coordinates of 22, 22B, and 23 could not be measured. The listed coordinates have been estimated from map. 7. Bg means background count rate 20-50 m from the sampling site. Fig. 4. Measuring gamma spectrum from a spring with gamma spectrometer RS-230BGO.
7 4 RESULTS OF THE ANALYSES 4.1 Water samples The water samples were acid or slightly acid and had considerably low electrical conductivities (Table 2). The ph values varied from 5.13 to 6.9, with an exception of ph value 7.7 in one spring (site 4). Electrical conductivities varied from 1.4 to 16.1 ms/m. The highest electrical conductivity was in the sampling site 4. Slightly acid ph values of waters are common in Finland, especially in paludified environment. The concentrations of elements were mostly very low, often lower than the assay limit, e.g. Ag, Be, Bi, Cd, Pb, Sb and Se. The concentrations of the other elements and heavy metals were also low. While comparing the concentrations of the water samples to the maximum limits of drinking water and recommendations for private wells, only one sample had too high iron concentration of 0.44 mg/l (Table 3, App. 2). In the Kolari study area uranium concentrations were quite high, they varied from 0.558 μg/l to 46.4 μg/l. The highest concentration was in the sampling site 16 (a spring in Venevaara). Concentrations of thorium were mostly lower than the assay limit 0.01 μg/l. The maximum concentration was only 0.03 μg/l. Because thorium is practically a non-mobile metal, concentrations in water are extremely low in Finland. Stream waters and stream sediments were studied in the whole country in 1990. According to the investigation median of uranium concentrations of stream waters in the whole country is 0.073 μg/l (Lahermo et al. 1996). Radon concentrations varied from 1.6 to 2100 Bq/L (Table 3, App. 1). Ten samples from the Kolari area had higher radon concentration than 1000 Bq/L, which is the recommendation for maximum content for drinking water in private wells. 16 of the samples in Kolari had higher radon concentration than 300 Bq/L, which is the maximum limit for drinking water in groundwater intake plants. In the Ranua study area uranium concentrations (3 samples) varied from <1 to 4.39 μg/l, and radon concentrations from 1,6 to 520 Bq/L. Thorium concentrations varied from <0.01 to 0.01 μg/l (Table 3). Uranium and radon concentrations are presented in figures 5-6 (Kolari) and 8-9 (Ranua). Total contents of alpha-active 234 U, 238 U, 226 Ra and 210 Po varied from 0.04 to 16 Bq/L. Sample 20 was problematic, because it had fainted and was not possible to be determined precisely from the spectrum. The estimation is about 0.8 Bq/L. The laboratory of STUK tries to determine it again, and the possible result will be available in two months (January-February 2009; the sample will not be invoiced). The results are presented in appendix 1.
8 Table 2. Water sampling sites and dates, location, and field measurements: temperature, ph value and electrical conductivity (EC). Sampling site/kolari Sampling date X coord. Y coord. Temp. 0 C ph EC ms/m Remarks 1 Matomäki, spring 14.10.2008 7458544 3388668 4.4 6.90 6.2 Water flowing from the bedrock 2 Rytijänkkä, spring 16.10.2008 7561365 3388177 3.4 6.87 12.4 Situated in mire; sediment sample with strong organic smell 4 Rytijänkkä, spring 16.10.2008 7461171 3388302 4.7 7.70 16.1 Small spring with high radiation 5 Majavalantto, spring 16.10.2008 7463299 3386790 3.4 6.54 4.3 Situated in mire 6 Majavaoja, spring 15.10.2008 7464044 3389160 4.7 6.60 5.7 Small spring 7 Majavaoja, spring 15.10.2008 7464024 3389024 4.0 6.60 5.7 Big spring 8 Majavaoja, brook 15.10.2008 7463907 3389029 4.0 6.57 5.8 Sediment sample 9 Majavaoja, brook 15.10.2008 7463944 3389073 4.0 6.56 5.6 10 Majavaoja, brook 15.10.2008 7463880 3388933 3.9 6.26 4.0 High radiation 11 Majavaoja, spring 15.10.2008 7463797 3388752 3.8 6.86 9.2 Big spring, sediment sample 12 Majavapuro, spring 15.10.2008 7463631 3388935 4.0 6.98 8.6 Big boiling spring 13 Majavapuro, spring 15.10.2008 7463301 3389189 4.0 6.62 6.7 Big spring 14 Venevaara, brook 13.10.2008 7461576 3380574 3.2 6.18 4.9 Sediment sample 15 Venevaara, spring 13.10.2008 7461464 3380385 5.4 6.54 11.0 16 Venevaara, spring 13.10.2008 7461378 3380291 5.2 6.72 12.0 Small spring in mire 17 Venevaara, spring 13.10.2008 7462859 3381088 3.2 6.42 6.1 Big spring 18 Kivijupukka, spring 14.10.2008 7458212 3383544 3.2 6.52 4.4 Good spring 19 Kivijupukka, spring 14.10.2008 7458124 3383505 2.4 5.65 1.4 Small good spring, no radiation 20 Kivijupukka, brook 14.10.2008 7458164 3383402 3.8 6.50 3.6 Sediment sample Sampling site/ranua 21 Isokangas, spring 9.10.2008 7331242 3484416 3.6 5.58 2.5 Big spring 22 Isokangas, spring 9.10.2008 7330735 3484461 2.4 5.13 2.7 Radiating block field above the spring 23 Isokangas, spring 9.10.2008 7330378 3484403 3.7 5.82 1.9 Good spring
9 Table 3. Concentrations, mean and median values of elements of the water samples (22 pieces). For the sake of comparison mean and median values of stream waters in the whole of Finland (N 1122-1158, Lahermo & al. 1996), and median in lakes in the whole of Finland (N 151-153, Tarvainen 1996) are presented as well. Sample As μg/l Co μg/l Cu μg/l Mo μg/l Ni μg/l Zn μg/l Fe mg/l Mn μg/l Th μg/l U μg/l S mg/l 1 <0.05 0.02 <0.1 2.06 0.20 3.40 <0.03 0.16 <0.01 23.4 3.69 580 2 0.07 0.02 <0.1 5.50 0.23 3.43 0.03 0.82 <0.01 19.3 9.95 1000 4 <0.05 0.02 <0.1 8.22 0.34 2.78 <0.03 0.12 <0.01 31.1 13.9 1500 5 0.09 0.02 0.29 3.60 0.26 3.00 0.03 1.16 <0.01 12.6 1.10 480 6 <0.05 0.03 0.19 0.40 0.37 3.29 0.11 0.84 <0.01 0.73 0.84 910 7 0.06 0.04 0.31 2.64 0.64 3.13 0.13 2.14 0.01 4.33 2.24 1600 8 0.06 0.04 0.34 2.67 0.69 2.90 0.17 2.61 0.01 4.73 2.33 1400 9 <0.05 0.08 0.61 2.22 0.83 3.83 0.03 0.71 <0.01 3.54 2.09 1900 10 0.11 0.10 0.43 0.92 0.46 4.07 0.44 4.25 0.03 1.46 2.43 140 11 <0.05 0.04 0.19 6.67 0.77 3.37 0.10 5.88 <0.01 8.73 5.07 1800 12 0.09 0.02 0.49 4.76 0.38 2.70 0.06 0.72 <0.01 15.0 4.67 760 13 0.06 0.04 0.13 0.60 0.20 2.95 0.19 1.01 <0.01 3.14 0.98 900 14 0.11 0.31 0.43 0.92 0.52 4.40 0.24 12.2 0.02 7.77 1.92 1300 15 0.05 0.03 0.14 6.32 0.29 3.60 0.14 4.55 <0.01 31.7 7.90 1100 16 0.05 0.02 0.85 7.24 0.36 3.08 0.09 2.78 <0.01 46.4 8.80 600 17 <0.05 0.04 0.15 2.21 0.35 3.47 0.03 2.42 <0.01 8.44 2.58 1600 18 0.06 0.05 0.13 1.26 0.32 3.05 0.19 3.93 0.01 2.87 1.11 2100 19 0.06 0.02 0.26 0.15 0.08 4.90 <0.03 6.01 <0.01 1.60 0.44 1.6 20 0.06 0.06 0.12 0.69 0.24 9.99 0.40 3.08 0.02 0.55 1.20 290 21 <0.05 0.10 0.38 0.05 0.91 6.58 <0.03 1.51 0.01 0.52 0.95 520 22 0.21 0.39 0.45 0.19 7.77 7.48 0.09 2.91 <0.01 4.39 0.47 1.6 23 <0.05 0.04 <0.1 0.08 0.24 3.76 0.05 1.84 <0.01 0.28 0.70 172 Mean 0.07 0.05 0.32 3.11 0.40 3.75 0.15 2.92 0.02 11.97 3.85 939 Median 0.06 0.04 0.28 2.22 0.35 3.37 0.12 2.42 0.02 7.77 2.33 905 Mean in streams, Finland Median in streams, Finland 0.34 0.36 1.17 4.6 0.91 43 0.36 0.17 0.64 0.15 0.52 3.6 0.68 29 0.073 4.2 Sediment samples Rn Bq/L Uranium is a mobile element in oxidizing circumstances, on the other hand it is rather stable in reducing circumstances, usually prevailing in organic sediments. Thus uranium is a very suitable element for geochemical mapping based on organic sediments, e.g. in lakes and streams. According Tenhola (1988) sedimentation is more stable in small lakes than in big lakes, because winds may disturb the upper part of the sediment in big lakes, favoring solubility of uranium
10 from the sediment to water. The same situation could be in brooks and streams with powerful current compared to those with minor current or almost stagnant water. In the Kolari study area U concentrations in organic sediments varied from 32.8 to 2010 mg/kg (Table 4, App. 3). The concentrations are high compared to the mean value of lake sediments in the whole of Finland, it is after Tenhola (1988) and Mäkinen & Kauppila (2006) 6.2 mg/kg. S concentrations were also quite high. Samples 11 and 20 had high Fe concentrations, samples 8 and 11 rather high Ni concentrations, and sample 11 had anomalously high Cu concentration. The concentrations of Mg, Pb and Zn were smaller than mean values in Finland. Table 4. Element concentrations of the organic sediment samples (mg/kg) in the Kolari study area, and median of the sediment samples in the lakes, in the whole of Finland. Number of the sample is equivalent with the water sample, taken in the same place. Sample As Co Cu Fe Mg Mo Ni Pb S Th U Zn 2 1.2 1.5 16.6 4410 1490 24 11.8 5.7 14 000 0.87 1971 20.8 8 3.9 8.4 27.7 43 300 2160 9 21.0 16.0 2260 1.56 397.4 18.7 11 8.7 15.6 305.0 145 000 1590 93 51.1 6.6 3700 1.10 2010 19.7 14 1.8 10.6 42.4 5670 1910 21 11.8 19.4 6300 2.76 1258 17.3 20 5.6 19.6 6.6 181 000 1590 12 11.1 10.1 3880 0.44 32.8 21.6 Mean in Finland 8 14 67.2 50 400 3600 17 48.2 1885 6.2 115
11 Fig. 5. Uranium concentrations of the water samples in the Kolari study area.
12 Fig. 6. Radon concentrations of the water samples in the Kolari study area.
13 Fig. 7. Uranium concentrations of the stream sediments in the Kolari study area.
Fig. 8. Uranium concentrations of the water samples in the Ranua study area. 14
Fig. 9. Radon concentrations of the water samples in the Ranua study area. 15
16 4.3 Gamma radiation The following table shows the main parameters of gamma spectrometry and the corresponding laboratory analysis results. Table 5. Gamma spectrometry and laboratory analysis results from water samples. Gamma spectrometry Laboratory analyses 222 Rn Sample K eu eth Total K U Th Id [%] [ppm] [ppm] [Bq] [mg/l] [μg/l] [μg/l] [Bq/l] 1 0.0 815.1 17.5 8500 1.44 23.4 <0.01 580 2 2.1 51.0 7.1 1450 1.58 19.3 <0.01 1000 4 0.4 187.3 0.9 2800 2.05 31.1 <0.01 1500 5 0.3 35.1 2.0 700 0.79 12.6 <0.01 480 6 0.7 27.8 1.1 600 1.65 0.73 <0.01 810 7 0.5 51.7 1.4 500 1.57 4.33 0.01 1600 8 0.7 157.4 0.7 2700 1.50 4.73 0.01 1400 9 1.3 80.6 5.0 1500 1.80 3.54 <0.01 1900 10 0.6 77.1 4.4 1350 0.61 1.46 0.03 140 11 0.7 62.2 2.5 1500 2.18 8.73 <0.01 1800 12 0.4 55.2 1.8 1050 1.72 15.0 <0.01 760 13 0.1 79.3 0.0 1300 1.50 3.14 <0.01 900 14 2.8 212.3 15.6 4100 0.68 7.77 0.02 1300 15 1.0 97.5 4.1 1800 0.72 31.7 <0.01 1100 16 2.2 99.6 9.4 2200 0.53 46.4 <0.01 600 17 1.8 75.1 5.9 1700 0.74 8.44 <0.01 1600 18 2.8 181.5 12.8 3400 0.99 2.87 0.01 2100 19 1.5 1.5 0.1 50 0.40 1.6 <0.01 1.6 20 1.4 26.8 5.9 650 0.69 0.55 0.02 290 21 0.8 27.0 4.5 600 0.70 0.52 0.01 520 22 0.0 2.9 0.5 70 0.10 4.39 <0.01 1.6 23 0.3 18.4 1.2 300 0.49 0.28 <0.01 172 When comparing uranium and thorium gamma assay results to laboratory analysis results one has to note that the two methods are based on quite different principles. For assay results to be true, secular equilibrium must exist between the members of the uranium decay series, and likewise with thorium. For the thorium decay series it takes only 50 years to reach the secular equilibrium, but for uranium it takes a million years. Waters, especially surface waters rich in oxygen, do not form favourable conditions for reaching the equilibrium. Water may contain dissolved uranium without being radioactive, and radioactivity does not necessarily guarantee the existence of uranium. So it is not sensible to compare the two uranium (and the two thorium) contents in table 5 to each other. There are differences between the two potassium contents, too. The laboratory analysis gives the potassium content in parts per million, and gamma assay in per cent. If the real potassium content is at this low level, there should be no counts in the K window of the gamma spectrometer. Due to statistical variations and other reasons there are always counts in the K window, and they are interpreted as parts of per cent. Probably the variation in the K column reflects the potassium variation in the bottom and in the banks of the springs, and not in the water.
17 There is one more problem worth to be aware of. The RS-230 spectrometer had problems with spectrum stabilization. From the graphs in appendix 4 one can see that the blue K window, red U window, and green Th window are not always symmetrically around the three spectral peaks. The sums of the counts in the windows are transformed to K, U and Th contents of the samples, and the results will inevitably be in error. At three sites (14, 22, and 23) stabilization could not be reached at all. 10000 1 8000 Gamma radiation (cps) 6000 4000 13 17 7 3 2000 0 18 21 9 22 19 4 20 15 11 5 12 2 14 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 222 Rn content (cps/l) 16 6 10 8 Fig. 10. Total gamma count vs. radon content at the sample sites. Total gamma counts and the 222 Rn content of the water samples are closely related and are compared in the xy plot in figure 10. All the springs and brooks, except 1, cluster along a line, or near it. The large springs as 2, 5, 12, 13, 17, 18 and 23 the relationship between total count and radon content is almost perfectly linear. If the spring is small and shallow, the amount of water differs from the half space approximation. Most of the anomalous points are from a dense spring cluster at Majavapuro. There is one striking exception visible in Matomäki, sampling site 1 (App. 4 and 5). Gamma radiation at the site was very high, but a water sample was not notably radioactive, and radon content was only moderate. The spectrum in appendix 4 shows a well developed red U peak. The spectrum does not differ from other spectra that contain Rn and U. The reason of radioactivity has remained enigmatic.
18 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Almost all the water samples had high concentrations of uranium and radon. U concentrations were >3 μg/l in 15 samples and >10 μg/l in seven samples. Rn concentrations were quite high in 18 samples. Sampling sites with small concentrations of U and Rn may situate very near those with high concentrations of U and Rn. Sometimes Rn concentrations may be small and U concentrations high in the same sampling site, and vice versa, according to the groundwater research data of GTK. Concentrations of heavy metals and other elements in water samples were low, often lower than the assay limit. Concentrations of total alpha ( 234 U, 238 U, 226 Ra and 210 Po) in the water samples were 0.04-16 Bq/L. In the Kolari study area U concentrations in organic sediments were high compared to the mean value 6.2 mg/kg in the whole of Finland (lake sediments). The samples had also rather high S concentrations. Two samples (11 and 20) had high Fe concentrations, and two samples (8 and 11) rather high Ni concentrations. The concentrations of Mg, Pb and Zn in sediment samples were smaller than mean values in Finland. According to measurements the radioactivity in the surroundings of springs came readily down with growing distance even when the ground was wet meaning that radon has not spread to the sediments and turf. Water level variation may cause uranium containing water to go into the sediments, but the presence of uranium in the sediments can not be confirmed by gamma spectrometry. It is not possible to specify the initial release point (or its distance) of uranium or radon by radiation measurement. The number of radon atoms decays to 0.4 per cent from its original value within a month. Depending on the flowing velocity of water its moving distance during this time varies from a few meters to a few hundreds of meters. Because radon is a gas, its atoms can move in water irrespective of water movement, for instance upwards in a fractured bedrock. As for uranium, it is not sensible to speak of the weakening of its flow in the course of time due to its very long half-life. Uranium dissolves in water rich in oxygen and precipitates with growing ph, but can later continue its movement in changed conditions. The location where uranium was originally dissolved can be far in the past and have nothing in common with the radon in the same pond. The assay results measured from springs and brooks are not to be taken seriously. The amounts of potassium, uranium and thorium are so small that their effects are not visible in gamma spectra. eu and eth are determined from the fingerprints of their radioactive daughters, and they do not necessarily have anything to do with their originators. Potassium values are caused by the earth materials around the sampling site. Still, it is justified to do gamma spectrometry from spring water as the presence of bismuth (or thallium) means that uranium (or thorium) exists not far from the site. 6 LITERATURE Johansson, P. & Kujansuu, R. (eds.) 2005. Pohjois-Suomen maaperä - Maaperäkarttojen 1:400 000 selitys. Quaternary deposits of Northern Finland - Explanation to the maps of Quaternary deposits. Geological Survey of Finland. 236 p. Lahermo, P., Väänänen, P., Tarvainen, T. & Salminen, R. 1996. Suomen geokemian atlas, osa 3: Ympäristögeokemia purovedet ja sedimentit. The Geochemical Atlas of Finland, Part 3: Environmental Geochemistry Stream Waters and Sediments. Geological Survey of Finland. 149 p.
19 Mäkinen, J. & Kauppila, T. 2006. Geochemical and paleolimnological studies in Nuasjärvi, Jormasjärvi and Kolmisoppi. Geological Survey of Finland, Report S/41/3433/2006/7. 37 p. Tarvainen, T. 1996. Environmental Applications of Geochemical Databases in Finland: synopsis. Espoo: Geological Survey of Finland. 75 p. Tenhola, M. 1988. Regional geochemical mapping based on lake sediments in eastern Finland (in Finnish with English summary). Geological Survey of Finland. Report Dnro K555/52/2006. 32 p. Väänänen, J. 1992. Kurtakko. Suomen geologinen kartta - Geological map of Finland 1:100 000, kallioperäkartta - Pre-Quaternary Rocks, lehti - sheet 2731. Väänänen, J. 1998. Kolarin ja Kurtakon kartta-alueiden kallioperä. Summary: Pre-Quaternary rocks of the Kolari and Kurtakko map-sheet areas. Suomen geologinen kartta - Geological Map of Finland 1:100 000, Kallioperäkarttojen selitykset - Explanation to the maps of Pre-Quaternary rocks, lehdet sheets 2713 and 2731. 87 p. Väänänen, J. 2002. Pasmajärvi. Suomen geologinen kartta - Geological map of Finland 1:100 000, kallioperäkartta - Pre-Quaternary Rocks, lehti - sheet 2642. Väänänen, J. 2004. Sieppijärven ja Pasmajärven kartta-alueiden kallioperä. Summary: Pre- Quaternary rocks of the Sieppijärvi and Pasmajärvi map-sheet areas. Suomen geologinen kartta - Geological Map of Finland 1:100 000, Kallioperäkarttojen selitykset - Explanation to the maps of Pre-Quaternary rocks, lehdet sheets 2713 and 2731. 55 p. 7 APPENDICES 1. Results of radon and total alpha (STUK, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority) 2. Laboratory results of the water samples (Labtium Oy) 3. Laboratory results of the sediment samples (Labtium Oy) 4. Gamma spectra 5. Photos of sampling sites
~ S TU K Tutkimus j a ymparistovalvonta 7.11.2008 4869N2008 GTK Riitta Pohjola PL 77 96101 ROVANIEMI VESINAYTTEIDEN RADONPITOISUUKSIEN MITTAUSTULOKSET Naytenumero Naytepaikka Paivamaara 222Rn-p itoisuus naytteenottopatvana RP-17 Venevaara, Kolari lahde 13.10.2008 1600 ± 200 Bq/l RP-14 Venevaara, Kolari puro 13.10.2008 1300 ± 200 Bq/l - RP- 15 Venevaara, Kolari lahde 13.10.2008 11 00 ± 160 Bq/l RP-16 Venevaara, Kolari lahde 13.10.2008 600 ± 90 Bq/l RP-18 Kivijupukk a Kolari liihde 14.10.2008 2100 ± 300 Bq/l RP-19 Kivijupukka, Kolari liihde 14.10.2008 1,6 ± 0,3 Bq/l RP-20 Kivijupukka, Kolari puro 14.10.2008 290 ± 40 Bq/1 RP-1 Matomiiki, Ko1ari Iahde 14.10.2008 580 ± 90 Bq/1 Tulokset 1askettu niiytteenotto hetkeen. Apu1aistutkija '<i~ ( 2-, TarjGI~kkinen STUK SATE1LYT URVA KESKUS STRALSAK ERHETSCENTRAl EN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SA FETY AUTHORITY OSOITEIADDRESS La.poeue 4 00880 HELSINKI POST1Q$OITE/POSTAL AD DRESS PUH (TEt. PlIP.O.Box 14 lo9' 759 881 FIN-COBS1 HELSINKI,FINLAND.3589 759881 FAX C09175988500...358 9 7598 8500
~ S TUK Tutkimus ja ymparistov alvonta 7.11.2008 4873N 2008 GTK Riitta Pohjola PL 77 96101 ROVANIEMI VESINAYTTEIDEN RADONPITOISUUKSIEN MITTAUSTULOKSET Naytenumero Naytepalkka Paivamaara I, 2' R n-pitoisuus naytteeuottopaivana RP-6 Majavaoja, Kolari lahd e 15.10.2008 9 10 ± 140 Bq/I RP-9 Majavapuro, Kolari puro 15.10.2008 1900 ± 280 Bq/I - RP-8 Majavapuro, Kolari puro 15.10.2008 1400 ± 220 Bq /l RP-I O Majavaoja, Kolari puro 15.10.2008 140 ± 20 Bq/I RP-II Majavapuro, Kolari lahde 15.10.2008 1800 ± 280 Bq/I. RP-7 Majavapuro, Kolari lahde 15.10.2008 1600 ± 250 Bqll RP-13 Majavapuro, Kolari lahde 15.10.2008 900 ± 140 Bq/I RP-12 Majavapuro, Kol ari lahde 15.10.2008 760 ± 110 Bq/I RP-5 Maj avapuro, Kolari lahde 16.10.2008 480 ± 70 Bq/l RP-2 Rytijanka, Kolari lahde 16.10.2008 1000 ± 150 B q/l RP-4 Rytijanka, Kolari lahde 16.10.2008 1500 ± 230 Bq/I Tulokset laskettu naytteenotto hetkeen. Apulaistutkija I~c? Tarja Heikkinen STUK SATEl lvturvakeskus STRALSAK EAHETSCENTRA l EN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AU TH ORITY OSOITEIADDRESS Larppaue 4 00880 HELSINKI POSTIOSOITE/POSTAL ADDRESS PUH ITEL. PUP.a. Box 14 (09)759 88 1 FIN,OOB8' HELSINKI, FINLAND..358 9 759 881 FAX (09) 7598 8500..358975988500
~ S TU K Tutkimus j a ymparistovalvonta 7.11.2008 4864N 2008 GTK Riitta Pohjola PL 77 96101 ROVANIEMI VESINAYTTEIDEN RADONPITOISUUKSIEN MITTAUSTULOKSET Niiytenumero Niiytepaikka Piiiviimiiiirii 222Rn-pitoisuus niiytteenottopiiiviinii (BqlI) RP 21 Isokangas, liihde 9.10.2008 520 ± 80 Bq/l RP 22 Isokangas, liihde 9.10.2008 1,6 ± 0,2 Bq/l RP 23 Isokangas, lahd e 9.10.2008 172 ± 26 Bq/l - Tulokset laskettu niiytteenotto hetkeen. Apu1aistutkija ~<S? Tat[alJeikkinen STUK. satellvturvakeskus STAALSAKERHETSCENTRA l EN RAD IAT IO N AND NU CLEA R SAFET Y AUTHORITY OSOITE/ADDRESS Latppeue 4 OQ880 HELSINKI POSTIOSQITEtPOSTAL ADDRESS PUH!Tf:l PL/PO.Box 14 W9l 759 881 FiN-OOB81 HELSINKI, FINLAND +3589759 881 FAX (09) 7598 8500 <358 9 7598 8500
~ S TUK Tutkimus ja ymparistovalvonta 27.11.2008 4864-IVV2008 GTK Riitt a Pohjola PL 77 96101 ROVANIEMl VESI NAYTTEIDEN RADONPITOISUUKSIEN MITTAUST ULOKSET TILAAJA- J A NAYTETIEDOT Tilaaja: Naytepaikka: Naytteenottopaiva: Saapumispaiva: Naytenumero: Riitta Pohj ola Isokangas, lahde 9.10.2008 10.10.2008 19652,19653,19654 Tilaaj an viite 222Rn_pitoisuus Pltkalkaiset alfa-aktiiviset aincet:. na ytteenottopalvana (U-234, U-238, Ra-22 6 ja Po-2! 0 yhteismaara) RP-2 1 520 ± 80 Bq/l 0,04 ± 0,02 Bq/l RP-22 1,6 ± 0,2 Bq/l 0,35 ± 0,11 Bq/l RP-23 172 ± 26 Bqll 0,04 ± 0,02 Bq/l Tulokset laskettu naytteenotto hetkeen. ~n' - _"'r------:, '.- \ C' ('-,,--C c ) _. Apulaistutkija Tarja eikkinen STUK sateil VTURVAKESKUS STR AlS AKE RHETSCENTR AlEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFE TY AUT HOR ITY OSOi P:/AOI~Hr.SS POST : G:;(ll ~ j::'?ost.o,'_ AOORfS.: t-'uhjf!:l i'. wo Box ;J\ [:;:'/ 15!: 8~ ;I N-:lr:&fJll, ' l~ : N.<., I~f J\n' t l!"i!-l "J 'J::tl;; :~I I';' ; fl.:";~,'.rs,:'~ 1 1:~
~ S TUK Tutkimus ja ymparistovalvonta 4.12.2008 4873iiN2008 GTK Riitta Pohjola PL 77 96101 ROVANIEMI VESINAYTTEIDEN KOKONAISALFAPITOIS UUKSIEN MITTAUSTULOKSET Naytenumero Nayt epaik ka Paivamaara Pitkaik aiset alfa-aktiiviset aineet: (U-234, U-238, Ra-226 ja Po-210 vhteismaara) RP-6 Majavaoja, Ko lari lahde 15.10.2008 0,11 ± 0,04 Bq/I RP-9 Majavapuro, Kolari puro 15.10.2008 0,26 ± 0,08 Bq/I RP-8 Majavapuro, Kolari puro 15.10.2008 0,44 ± 0,13 Bq/I RP-lO Majavaoja, Kolari puro 15.10.2008 0,19 ± 0,06 Bq/I RP- ll Majavapuro, Kolari liihde 15.10.2008 0,83 ± 0,25 Bq/I RP-7 Majavapuro, Kolari liihde 15.10.2008 0,26 ± 0,08 Bq/l RP-13 Majavapuro, Kolari liihde 15.10.2008 0,19 ± 0,06 Bq/l RP-12 Majavapuro, Kolari lahde 15.10.2008 0,60 ± 0,18 Bq/I RP-5 Majavapuro, Kolari liihde 16.10.2008 0,68 ± 0,20 Bq/I RP-2 Rytijanka, Kolari liihde 16.10.2008 0,82 ± 0,25 Bq/I RP-4 Rytijanka, Kolari lahde 16.10.2008 1,22 ± 0,37 Bq/I Tulokset laskettu naytteenotto hetkeen. Apulaistutkija ~- _)~ cs::=? T a rj a~~ kk i nen STUK. SA TEILYTURVAKESKUS STAAlSAK EAHETSC ENTRAl EN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AU THOR ITV OSOITE/ADDRESS La.ppane 4 00880 HElSINKI POSTIOSQITE/POSTAL ADDRESS PUHJTEL PL/PO_Box 14 109) 759881 FIN-OOBS1 HElSINKI, FINLAND ~3S8 9 759 881 f AX 109} 7598 8500 +358 9 75988500
~ S TUK Tutkimus ja ymparistovalvonta 9.12.2008 4869iiIV2008 GTK Riitta Pohjola PL 77 96101 ROVANlEMI VESINAYTTEIDEN KOKONAISALFAPITOISUUKSIEN MITTAUSTULOKSET Naytenumero Nliytepaikka Paivlimlilirli Pitkliikliiset alfa-aktiiviset aineet: (U-234, U-238, Ra-226 ja Po-210 yhteismaara) RP-17 Venevaara, Kolari lahde 13.10.2008 0,44 ± 0,14 Bqll RP-14 Venevaara, Kolari puro 13.10.2008 1,7 ± 0,5 Bq/I - RP-15 Venevaara, Kolari lahde 13.10.2008 9,1 ± 2,4 Bqll RP-16 Venevaara, Kolari lahde 13.10.2008 16 ±5Bq/1 RP-18 Kivijupukka Kolari lahde 14.10.2008 0,24 ± 0,08 Bqll RP-19 Kivijupukka, Kolari lahde 14.10.2008 0,24 ± 0,08 Bq/l RP-l Matom aki, Kolari lahde 14.10.2008 0,67 ± 0,20 Bq/l Tulokset laskettu naytteenotto hetke en. Apulaistutkija ~~ C? T~:~eikkinen STUK SATEI lvturvake SKUS STA AlSAKERHETSCENTR AlEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAF ET Y AUTHORITY OSOITE/ADDAESS Lalppatle 4 00880 HELSINKI POSTIOSOlTE/POSTALADDRESS PUP.O Box 14 FIN OO88 1 HELSINKI. FINLAND PU H./TEl (091759881 +3589759881 FAX lo9) 7598 8500 +3589 75988500
Appendix 2 GTK PSY Maankäyttö ja ympäristö VA 502 07.11.2008 14:43:47 Espoo Pohjola Riitta PL 77 96101 Rovaniemi FINLAND ANALYYSITULOKSIA TILAUSNUMERO: 216355 VIITE: 1901006VA502Pohjola NÄYTTEITÄ: 22 MENETELMÄKOODI NÄYTTEITÄ MÄÄRITYKSIÄ + 139M 22 594 + 139P 22 132 Labtium Oy Hanna Kahelin Laboratoriopäällikkö Labtium Oy PL 57 02151 ESPOO Puh. 01065 38000 Fax 01065 38289 Kansilehti 216355 1/4
Labtium Oy MENETELMÄKUVAUKSET JA HUOMAUTUKSET Tilausnumero: 216355 Raportointipäivä: 07.11.2008 14:43:47 TULOS PÄTEE VAIN TESTATUILLE NÄYTTEILLE. TESTAUSSELOSTEEN SAA KOPIOIDA VAIN KOKONAAN. TULOKSET VALMISTUNEET: 06.11.2008-06.11.2008 VAIN NE TESTIMENETELMÄT, JOISSA TÄSSÄ SELOSTEESSA ON MERKINTÄ + MENETELMÄKOODIN EDESSÄ, KUULUVAT AKKREDITOINNIN PIIRIIN. + 139M Monialkuainemääritys ICP-MS-tekniikalla + 139P Monialkuainemääritys ICP-AES-tekniikalla Info 216355 2/4
Labtium Oy Laboratorion Tilaajan Ag Al As B Ba Be Bi Cd Co Cr Cu K Li Mn Mo Ni P näytetunnus näytetunnus µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l mg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M L08127999 2008RP00001 <0.01 1.29 <0.05 2.91 7.68 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 0.45 <0.1 1.44 2.51 0.16 2.06 0.20 27.1 L08128000 2008RP00002 <0.01 8.13 0.07 3.54 9.97 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 0.38 <0.1 1.58 3.62 0.82 5.50 0.23 19.3 L08128001 2008RP00004 <0.01 <1 <0.05 4.44 17.5 <0.1 <0.02 0.02 0.02 0.46 <0.1 2.05 4.39 0.12 8.22 0.34 15.0 L08128002 2008RP00005 <0.01 8.99 0.09 1.89 4.56 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 0.53 0.29 0.79 1.83 1.16 3.60 0.26 16.4 L08128003 2008RP00006 <0.01 11.9 <0.05 1.54 7.64 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.03 0.92 0.19 1.65 2.89 0.84 0.40 0.37 29.3 L08128004 2008RP00007 <0.01 35.6 0.06 2.15 7.54 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 0.73 0.31 1.57 3.39 2.14 2.64 0.64 30.9 L08128005 2008RP00008 <0.01 31.5 0.06 2.05 7.50 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 0.64 0.34 1.50 3.37 2.61 2.67 0.69 27.4 L08128006 2008RP00009 <0.01 20.0 <0.05 2.02 7.97 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.08 0.75 0.61 1.80 3.48 0.71 2.22 0.83 29.5 L08128007 2008RP00010 <0.01 173 0.11 1.57 6.41 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.10 0.52 0.43 0.61 2.20 4.25 0.92 0.46 29.6 L08128008 2008RP00011 <0.01 <1 <0.05 3.21 17.2 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 0.33 0.19 2.18 4.42 5.88 6.67 0.77 21.2 L08128009 2008RP00012 <0.01 5.02 0.09 2.84 7.73 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 0.52 0.49 1.72 3.18 0.72 4.76 0.38 24.6 L08128010 2008RP00013 <0.01 21.1 0.06 1.59 5.01 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 0.86 0.13 1.50 2.87 1.01 0.60 0.20 26.4 L08128011 2008RP00014 <0.01 70.9 0.11 1.82 14.0 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.31 0.59 0.43 0.68 2.37 12.2 0.92 0.52 48.3 L08128012 2008RP00015 <0.01 5.01 0.05 3.76 18.5 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.03 <0.2 0.14 0.72 3.04 4.55 6.32 0.29 21.7 L08128013 2008RP00016 <0.01 3.88 0.05 3.98 19.5 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 <0.2 0.85 0.53 3.34 2.78 7.24 0.36 19.8 L08128014 2008RP00017 <0.01 9.75 <0.05 1.63 16.1 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 0.47 0.15 0.74 2.97 2.42 2.21 0.35 19.1 L08128015 2008RP00018 <0.01 36.3 0.06 1.38 10.9 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.05 0.79 0.13 0.99 2.91 3.93 1.26 0.32 22.4 L08128016 2008RP00019 <0.01 3.46 0.06 0.62 0.95 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 0.25 0.26 0.40 1.06 6.01 0.15 0.08 20.3 L08128017 2008RP00020 <0.01 44.9 0.06 1.21 7.40 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.06 0.53 0.12 0.69 2.43 3.08 0.69 0.24 21.7 L08128018 2008RP00021 <0.01 38.2 <0.05 1.26 13.4 <0.1 <0.02 0.02 0.10 0.25 0.38 0.70 0.12 1.51 0.05 0.91 16.3 L08128019 2008RP00022 <0.01 43.9 0.21 1.11 15.7 <0.1 <0.02 0.02 0.39 0.48 0.45 0.10 0.11 2.91 0.19 7.77 32.4 L08128020 2008RP00023 <0.01 14.1 <0.05 0.90 5.21 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 <0.2 <0.1 0.49 <0.1 1.84 0.08 0.24 19.9 Tulokset 216355 3/4
Labtium Oy Laboratorion näytetunnus L08127999 L08128000 L08128001 L08128002 L08128003 L08128004 L08128005 L08128006 L08128007 L08128008 L08128009 L08128010 L08128011 L08128012 L08128013 L08128014 L08128015 L08128016 L08128017 L08128018 L08128019 L08128020 Tilaajan näytetunnus 2008RP00001 2008RP00002 2008RP00004 2008RP00005 2008RP00006 2008RP00007 2008RP00008 2008RP00009 2008RP00010 2008RP00011 2008RP00012 2008RP00013 2008RP00014 2008RP00015 2008RP00016 2008RP00017 2008RP00018 2008RP00019 2008RP00020 2008RP00021 2008RP00022 2008RP00023 Pb Rb Sb Se Sr Th Tl U V Zn Ca Fe Mg Na Si S µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139M + 139P + 139P + 139P + 139P + 139P + 139P <0.05 1.32 <0.02 <0.5 28.5 <0.01 0.01 23.4 0.72 3.40 6.69 <0.03 1.05 2.81 6.28 3.69 <0.05 1.27 <0.02 <0.5 50.9 <0.01 <0.01 19.3 0.43 3.43 17.2 0.03 1.32 2.23 6.33 9.95 <0.05 1.78 <0.02 <0.5 71.2 <0.01 0.01 31.1 0.71 2.78 23.6 <0.03 1.61 2.62 7.15 13.9 <0.05 1.10 <0.02 <0.5 14.7 <0.01 0.01 12.6 0.29 3.00 4.50 0.03 0.75 1.88 6.55 1.10 <0.05 1.16 <0.02 <0.5 14.3 <0.01 0.01 0.73 0.61 3.29 2.66 0.11 1.21 2.23 8.12 0.84 0.05 0.79 <0.02 <0.5 20.4 0.01 0.01 4.33 0.58 3.13 5.79 0.13 1.42 2.16 7.79 2.24 <0.05 0.81 <0.02 <0.5 20.1 0.01 0.01 4.73 0.48 2.90 5.99 0.17 1.41 2.14 7.66 2.33 <0.05 0.87 <0.02 <0.5 19.5 <0.01 0.01 3.54 0.60 3.83 5.29 0.03 1.43 2.30 8.02 2.09 0.11 0.69 <0.02 <0.5 14.9 0.03 0.01 1.46 0.41 4.07 3.89 0.44 0.95 1.75 6.16 2.43 <0.05 0.53 <0.02 <0.5 37.8 <0.01 <0.01 8.73 0.22 3.37 10.8 0.10 1.70 2.41 7.30 5.07 <0.05 1.34 <0.02 <0.5 29.1 <0.01 0.01 15.0 0.63 2.70 10.7 0.06 1.50 2.28 7.12 4.67 <0.05 0.38 <0.02 <0.5 16.5 <0.01 <0.01 3.14 0.59 2.95 4.10 0.19 1.52 2.11 7.71 0.98 0.10 0.50 0.02 <0.5 20.2 0.02 0.01 7.77 0.57 4.40 5.38 0.24 1.18 2.20 7.18 1.92 <0.05 1.12 <0.02 <0.5 37.9 <0.01 <0.01 31.7 0.19 3.60 16.2 0.14 1.18 2.32 5.94 7.90 <0.05 1.47 <0.02 <0.5 41.1 <0.01 <0.01 46.4 0.20 3.08 18.4 0.09 1.21 2.29 5.87 8.80 <0.05 0.40 <0.02 <0.5 21.3 <0.01 <0.01 8.44 0.22 3.47 6.29 0.03 1.32 2.51 8.34 2.58 0.05 0.45 <0.02 <0.5 15.4 0.01 <0.01 2.87 0.57 3.05 3.87 0.19 1.10 2.47 8.28 1.11 0.10 0.28 <0.02 <0.5 3.25 <0.01 <0.01 1.60 0.16 4.90 0.98 <0.03 0.37 0.99 1.56 0.44 <0.05 0.40 <0.02 <0.5 12.8 0.02 <0.01 0.55 0.19 9.99 3.06 0.40 0.94 2.45 7.96 1.20 0.20 2.30 <0.02 <0.5 10.8 0.01 0.01 0.52 0.12 6.58 1.10 <0.03 0.47 1.36 4.74 0.95 0.75 0.20 0.02 <0.5 24.2 <0.01 0.01 4.39 0.97 7.48 3.08 0.09 1.00 1.01 2.04 0.47 0.06 1.32 <0.02 <0.5 9.83 <0.01 0.01 0.28 0.09 3.76 1.10 0.05 0.42 1.36 4.44 0.70 Tulokset 216355 4/4
Appendix 3 GTK PSY Maankäyttö ja ympäristö VA 502 11.11.2008 13:06:01 Kuopio Pohjola Riitta PL 77 96101 Rovaniemi FINLAND ANALYYSITULOKSIA TILAUSNUMERO: 216356 VIITE: 1901006va502 Pohjola Riitta PROJEKTI/HANKE: 1901006 VASTUUALUE: 502 NÄYTETYYPPI: Org. Sedimentti NÄYTTEITÄ: 5 MENETELMÄKOODI NÄYTTEITÄ 13 5 26 5 503 5 + 503M 5 + 503Pp 5 Labtium Oy Lea Hämäläinen Laboratoriopäällikkö Labtium Oy Labtium Oy PL 57 PL 1500 02151 ESPOO 70211 KUOPIO Puh. 01065 38000 Puh. 01065 38000 Fax 01065 38289 Fax 01065 38489 Kansilehti 216356 1/8
Labtium Oy MENETELMÄKUVAUKSET JA HUOMAUTUKSET Tilausnumero: 216356 Raportointipäivä: 11.11.2008 13:06:01 TULOS PÄTEE VAIN TESTATUILLE NÄYTTEILLE. TESTAUSSELOSTEEN SAA KOPIOIDA VAIN KOKONAAN. TULOKSET VALMISTUNEET: 28.10.2008-10.11.2008 VAIN NE TESTIMENETELMÄT, JOISSA TÄSSÄ SELOSTEESSA ON MERKINTÄ + MENETELMÄKOODIN EDESSÄ, KUULUVAT AKKREDITOINNIN PIIRIIN. 13 Näytteen kuivaus kylmäkuivaustekniikalla 26 Mineraalisen näytteen seulonta <2mm fraktioon 503 Typpihappoliuotus mikroaaltouunissa, EPA3051 + 503M Monialkuainemääritys ICP-MS-tekniikalla + 503Pp Monialkuainemääritys ICP-AES-tekniikalla Info 216356 2/8
Labtium Oy Laboratorion Tilaajan As B Be Bi Cd Ga In La Rb Sb Sc Se Th U W Y Yb näytetunnus näytetunnus mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M + 503M L08127527 2008RP00002 1.2 9 2.97 <0.5 0.2 1.48 <0.1 5.842 2.87 <0.15 1.28 9.5 0.87 1971.0 <7 11.35 0.793 L08127527U 2008RP00002 1.2 9 2.86 <0.5 0.2 1.47 <0.1 5.737 2.79 <0.15 1.23 9.4 0.81 1969.0 <7 11.20 0.792 L08127528 2008RP00008 3.9 <5 0.53 <0.5 <0.2 4.07 <0.1 10.970 4.83 <0.15 1.84 6.3 1.56 397.4 <7 10.80 0.975 L08127529 2008RP00011 8.7 <5 1.28 <0.5 0.4 7.04 <0.1 25.550 5.88 <0.15 1.38 24.1 1.10 2010.0 <7 63.53 4.305 L08127530 2008RP00014 1.8 6 2.11 <0.5 <0.2 3.18 <0.1 49.330 3.47 <0.15 2.03 10.4 2.76 1258.0 <7 62.83 6.516 L08127531 2008RP00020 5.6 <5 0.23 <0.5 <0.2 7.49 <0.1 8.369 0.48 <0.15 0.33 3.7 0.44 32.8 <7 7.10 0.621 Tulokset 216356 3/8
Labtium Oy Laboratorion näytetunnus L08127527 L08127527U L08127528 L08127529 L08127530 L08127531 Tilaajan näytetunnus 2008RP00002 2008RP00002 2008RP00008 2008RP00011 2008RP00014 2008RP00020 Al Ba Ca Co Cr Cu Fe K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Ni P Pb mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp 3100 60.6 18200 1.5 50.5 16.6 4410 568 3.5 1490 34.4 24 177 11.8 772 5.7 3050 60.7 18300 1.4 49.6 15.8 4330 559 3.3 1470 32.6 25 181 11.0 766 6.1 6220 96.0 11700 8.4 59.9 27.7 43300 1500 4.2 2160 525.0 9 193 21.0 2650 16.0 2330 203.0 15000 15.6 128.0 305.0 145000 563 3.5 1590 1050.0 93 120 51.1 1300 6.6 4660 165.0 16900 10.6 102.0 42.4 5670 816 1.8 1910 292.0 21 123 11.8 1760 19.4 2960 182.0 13600 19.6 28.4 6.6 181000 678 <1 1590 1880.0 12 230 11.1 1160 10.1 Tulokset 216356 4/8
Labtium Oy Laboratorion näytetunnus L08127527 L08127527U L08127528 L08127529 L08127530 L08127531 Tilaajan näytetunnus 2008RP00002 2008RP00002 2008RP00008 2008RP00011 2008RP00014 2008RP00020 S Sr Ti V Zn mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp + 503Pp 14000 53.7 439 19.1 20.8 13900 54.2 424 19.4 18.4 2260 54.2 559 77.3 18.7 3700 61.9 557 120.0 19.7 6300 65.2 224 27.8 17.3 3880 66.9 21 76.0 21.6 Tulokset 216356 5/8
Labtium Oy Laadunvalvonta- As B Be Bi Cd Ga In La Rb Sb Sc Se Th U W Y Yb näytteen mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg tunnus Filler 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K 503M-K QCSOKEA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - QCWQB1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - QCSOKEA <0.05 <1 <0.04 <0.1 <0.05 <0.007 <0.002 0.003 0.0085 0.0995 <0.02 <0.1 <0.01 0.011 <1 <0.003 <0.002 QCWQB1 23.63 41.49 1.571 0.5092 1.819 13.61 0.07514 22.22 62.29 0.05438 8.562 2.488 5.562 2.562 <1 19.02 1.49 Laadunvalvontatulokset 216356 6/8
Labtium Oy Laadunvalvontanäytteen tunnus Filler QCSOKEA QCWQB1 QCSOKEA QCWQB1 Al Ba Ca Co Cr Cu Fe K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Ni P Pb mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 24.6 <1 <50 <1 <1 1.1 67.1 <100 <0.2 <10 6.85 <3 <50 <2 <50 <5 35700 288 9170 16.4 58.3 74.2 41800 9720 48.2 9950 2210 <3 435 60.2 1290 75.4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Laadunvalvontatulokset 216356 7/8
Labtium Oy Laadunvalvontanäytteen tunnus Filler QCSOKEA QCWQB1 QCSOKEA QCWQB1 S Sr Ti V Zn mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K 503Pp-K <50 <1 <2 <1 8.35 2180 41.7 213 61.5 265 - - - - - - - - - - Laadunvalvontatulokset 216356 8/8
Appendix 4 10 2 1 Matomäki 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 2 Rytijänkkä 10 2 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 4 4 Rytijänkkä 10 2 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 10 2 5 Majavalantto 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 4 10 1 6 Majavapuro 10 0 counts per second 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 7 Majavapuro 10 1 10 0 counts per second 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 4 10 2 8 Majavapuro 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 10 2 9 Majavapuro 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 4 10 2 10 Majavapuro 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 11 Majavapuro 10 2 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 4 10 2 12 Majavapuro 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 13 Majavapuro 10 2 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 4 10 2 14 Venevaara 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 10 2 15 Venevaara 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 4 10 2 16 Venevaara 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 10 2 17 Venevaara 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 4 10 2 18 Venevaara 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 19 Kivijupukka 10 1 10 0 counts per second 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 4 20 Kivijupukka 10 1 10 0 counts per second 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 10 1 21 Isokangas 10 0 counts per second 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 4 10 2 22 Isokangas 10 1 counts per second 10 0 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel 10 1 23 Isokangas 10 0 counts per second 10-1 10-2 10-3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Channel
Appendix 5 1 Matomäki 2 Rytijänkkä
Appendix 5 4 Rytijänkkä 5 Majavalantto
Appendix 5 6 Majavapuro R 7 Majavapuro
Appendix 5 8 Majavapuro 9 Majavapuro
Appendix 5 10 Majavapuro 11 Majavapuro
Appendix 5 12 Majavapuro 13 Majavapuro
Appendix 5 14 Venevaara 15 Venevaara
Appendix 5 17 Venevaara 18 Venevaara
Appendix 5 19 Kivijupukka 20 Kivijupukka
Appendix 5 21 Isokangas 22 Isokangas
23 Isokangas Appendix 5