103 RAKENNUSTEKNIIKKA KONEPAJAVALMISTUS Kuva: Projektieritelmä http://www.tamk.fi/terasrakenteet/rakentamisenvaiheet/asbuiltvaihe/proje rit_mat.htm Kuva: Laatu/Valmistussuunnitelma http://www.tamk.fi/terasrakenteet/suunnittelu/piirustukset/try/ohjeet/laatu%20ja%20valmist ussuunnitelma.pdf
104 Kuva: Asennussuunnitelma http://www.tamk.fi/terasrakenteet/konepajavalmistus/valmistuksen_suun nittelu/as_suunn.pdf Kuva: Asennussuunnitelma http://www.tamk.fi/terasrakenteet/konepajavalmistus/valmistuksen_suun nittelu/hits_tolerr.pdf
105 Kuva: Valmistustoleranssit http://www.tamk.fi/terasrakenteet/konepajavalmistus/valmistuksen_suun nittelu/valm_tolerr.pdf Kuva: Valmistusttehtävät
106 KULJETUS JA ASENNUS Kuva: Asennustehtävät Opiskelija perehtyy teräksen valmistukseen ja asennukseen. ks ESDEP oppimisympäristö: http://www.terasrakenneyhdistys.fi suomenkielinen versio
107 Course Contents FABRICATION AND ERECTION Lecture 3.1.1 : General Fabrication of Steel Structures I Lecture 3.1.2 : General Fabrication of Steel Structures II Lecture 3.2.1 : Erection I Lecture 3.2.2 : Erection II Lecture 3.2.3 : Erection III Lecture 3.3 : Principles of Welding Lecture 3.4 : Welding Processes Lecture 3.5 : Fabrication/Erection of Buildings Lecture 3.6 : Inspection/Quality Assurance
108 RAKENNUSTEKNIIKKA Workgroup Contents Lecture 3.1.1 : General Fabrication of Steel Structures I Top 1. INTRODUCTION 2. FORMS OF CONTRACT AND ORGANISATION 2.1 General 2.2 Contract Procedures 2.3 Planning 2.4 Drawing Office 3. FABRICATION PROCEDURES 3.1 Workshop Layout 3.2 Material Handling and Preparation 3.3 Templates and Marking 3.4 Sawing Line and Rolled Sections 3.5 Drilling and the Beam Line System 3.6 Cropping, Guillotines and Punching 3.7 Flame Burning of Plates 3.8 Pressing and Forming 3.9 Methods of Welding 3.10 Welding Design and Control of Distortion 3.11 The Role of the Welding Engineer 3.12 Automatic Production of Plate Girders
109 RAKENNUSTEKNIIKKA 3.13 Machine Operations 3.14 Fabrication Tolerances 3.15 Trial Erection in the Fabrication Shop 3.16 Inspection and Quality Control 4. CONCLUDING SUMMARY 5. ADDITIONAL READING
Previous Next Contents ESDEP WG 3 FABRICATION AND ERECTION Lecture 3.1.1: General Fabrication of Steel Structures I OBJECTIVE/SCOPE To give a brief outline of the fabrication process for steel structures; to identify the factors affecting manufacturing costs and to stress the importance of the designer considering the fabrication process when preparing the design. PREREQUISITES None are essential. The following lectures might be helpful: Lecture 2.1: Characteristics of Iron-Carbon Alloys Lecture 2.2: Manufacturing and Forming Processes Lectures 2.3: Engineering Properties of Metals Lecture 2.4: Steel Grades and Qualities Lecture 2.5: Selection of Steel Quality RELATED LECTURES Lecture 3.3: Principles of Welding Lecture 3.4: Welding Processes Lecture 3.5: Fabrication/Erection of Buildings Lecture 4A.1: General Corrosion Lecture 15A.8: Offshore: Fabrication Lecture 15B.12: Introduction to Bridge Construction 110
SUMMARY The lecture gives a brief summary of the forms of contract and organisation used for the fabrication of steel structures. It reviews fabrication processes with brief descriptions of the main operations. 1. INTRODUCTION The objective of this lecture is to give an insight into the fabrication aspects of steel structures. Optimum design of steel structures can only be achieved if fabrication and erection are considered together with the functional, architectural and structural requirements. To minimize total costs and optimise the design of the steel structure, it is important that the various disciplines involved work in a coordinated way as a project team during the various stages. Fabrication costs do not depend only on the fabrication itself but are also influenced by the contract scope, contracting procedures and organisation. Costs are very sensitive to the labour involved in the fabrication. Good design concentrates on minimising material handling and preparation; in this regard it should be noted that fabrication procedures and sequencing may be influenced by the protection required to the steelwork. Careful attention should also be given to other aspects such as material characteristics, distortions and tolerances. 111
112 Workgroup Contents Lecture 3.2.1 : Erection I Top 1. INTRODUCTION 2. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 3. SITE ORGANISATION 3.1 Principal Jobs on Site 3.2 Estimation of needs 3.3 Basic Installations and Site Conditions 3.4 Direct Manpower 3.5 Cranes, Tools and other Equipment 4. CONCLUDING SUMMARY 5. ADDITIONAL READING
Previous Next Contents ESDEP WG 3 FABRICATION AND ERECTION Lecture 3.2.1: Erection I OBJECTIVE/SCOPE To give undergraduates, young engineers and managers an introduction to the trade of steel erection. PREREQUISITES None are essential. The following lectures might be helpful: Lectures 3.1: General Fabrication of Steel Structures Lecture 3.3: Principles of Welding Lecture 3.4: Welding Processes RELATED LECTURES Lecture 3.2.2: Erection II Lecture 3.2.3: Erection III Lecture 3.5: Fabrication/Erection of Buildings Lecture 15A.8: Offshore: Fabrication Lecture 15B.12: Introduction to Bridge Construction SUMMARY The lecture emphasizes the importance of considering erection during all phases of the project. It outlines the principal requirements for a technical specification and also deals with the organisational aspects on site. 1. INTRODUCTION It is important that the erection of the steelwork is considered from the very first stages of a project. Both design engineer and fabricator must consider the following: 113
Connections on site: site joints should be bolted rather than welded. Preassembly: the fabricator should limit the number of site splices to that consistent with minimum project cost. The size and weight of structural steel assemblies will be limited by site and shop capabilities, the permissible weight and clearance dimensions of available transportation and the site conditions. Dimensions: all measurements necessary for site assembly should be shown on the drawings. Planning: the sequence of erection should be considered as an integral part of the project process and should be established and documented at an early stage. Marking: the marking of all parts should be clear and consistent throughout the project. Resources: depending on how the site assembly is carried out, it is essential to ensure that appropriate resources will be available. The erection team on site must ensure that : the workforce are aware of and implement the relevant standards and regulations. changes in procedures, which become necessary during the erection stages are agreed by the Engineer, and that the technical documents are corrected in order to be consistent. hoisting equipment of suitable capacity is available for any preassemblies which must be lifted. means of access, such as scaffolding stairs and platforms, are installed to enable bolting and welding to be carried out satisfactorily. Erection of structural steelwork is, therefore, an activity that requires detailed consideration from both an engineering design and organisational point of view. Sections 2 and 3 of this lecture discuss these matters under the headings of: Technical Specification and Site Organisation. 114