Tram Turku - OpenTrack Model

Tram Turku - OpenTrack Model Model results October 22 nd, 2014 (final draft) Pierre-Alain Boeswillwald Marc Perez

Contents > Line concept > OpenTrack model & Assumptions > Dwell times > Conflicts with car and bus > Priority at junctions > Scenario of simulations > Detailed results > Travel time > Speed profile > Impact of conflicts on travel time (junction, track sharing ) > Rolling stock > Covered kilometers 2

Line concept Tram line infrastructure > Network: approx. 20 km > Line 1: 13,8 km from north to east > Line 2: 6,6 km from city center to south > 2 lines > Line 1: Runosmäki Varissuo > Line 2: Matkakeskus Skanssi > 1,5 km as common part between Matkakeskus and Tuomiokirkko > 3 options for additional station (not studied with OpenTrack) > No alternative road studied Tram line operation > Operation from 5:15 am to 0:00 pm > Same headways for both lines: > From 5:15 am to 6:30 am = 15 > From 6:30 am to 8:00 pm = 7.5 > From 8:00 pm to 0:00 pm = 15 3

Model results Results based on a three hour simulation in OpenTrack (ph) Travel time (ph) > Line 1: > 43 for both direction > 46 in the worst case scenario > Line 2: > 19 for both direction > 21 in the worst case scenario Rolling stock based on the worst case scenario > 14 trams (without reserve) for the first line > 7 trams (without reserve) for the second line More detailed results on the next slide 4

Infrastructure in OpenTrack Stops > Location based on the alignment > 55m long platform for each station Track > Speed based on documentation and following assumptions (curves, alignment and junction) > Gradient based on the alignment > Localisation of the road intersection and implementation of signals (100% priority rule with some specifications) > Turn-back for each terminus 5

Infrastructure in OpenTrack - Altitude 6

Turnback arrangement Arrangement at the terminus of line 2 in the city centre > Terminus at Matkakeskus next to the railway main station > 1 track stub to turn back after Matkakeskus station MATKAKESKUS Line 1 MATKAKESKUS Line 2 7

Speed limits in OpenTrack model Speed reduction at curves > Radius determines the speed reduction > Reduction according to the German BOStrab reglementation > Input of rounded values in the model Speed reduction due to the alignment > 30 km/h across the city centre (around the market place) > 40 km/h in track sharing car/tram area > 50 km/h along tram tracks on the side of the street (in a residential area) > 60 km/h along tram tracks on the middle of the Street (in a residential area) > 70 km/h outside residential areas 8

Speed limits Tram in Turku the OpenTrack OpenTrack model Model Speed per section and radius 9

Runosmäki Varissuo Skanssi Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Priority to road traffic and speed at junctions Assumption > 100 % priority at junctions (except for 5 crossings with minor priority) > Speed restriction at some junctionsfor safety reasons according mostly to their geometry Junction Speed Traffic (km/h) lights Remarks 1 Raskinpolku 20 (TL) R=60 2 Majoitusmestarinkatu 40 - - 3 Aurorankatu 20 TL R=40 4 Wester-Holminkatu 40 - - 5 Eskonkatu 20 (TL) R=50 6 Kreetankatu 25 (TL) R=80 7 Markkulantie 50 TL - 8 Jahtilähteenkatu 50 (TL) - 9 Nitunniskantie 30 (TL) R=120 10 Satakunnantie 15 TL R=26,5 11 Tommilankatu 50 TL - 12 Rieskalähteentie 50 TL - 13 Kähärin Puistotie 50 TL - 14 Tikkumäentie 50 TL - 15 Rauninaukio 20 TL R=60 16 Räntamäenkatu 25 TL R=80 17 Pyrkivankuja 50 TL - 18 Tampereentie 50 TL - 19 Lantinen Pitkäkatu 20 TL R=45 20 Tuure - Porinkatu 40 - - 21 Sibeliuk - Senkatu 40 - - 22 Brahenkatu 15 TL R=23 23 Maariankatu 15 TL R=22 24 Yliopistonkatu 20 - - Junction Speed Traffic (km/h) lights Remarks 25 Kauppiaskatu/Eerikinkatu 15 TL R=25 26 Brahenkatu 40 TL - 27 Eerikinkatu 15 TL R=30 28 Tuomiokirkontori 40 - - 29 Uudenmaankatu/Hämeenkatu 15/20 TL R=25 30 Akatemiankatu 50 TL - 31 Kerttulinkatu 50 TL - 32 Kaivokatu 50 TL - 33 Hämeenkatu 15 TL R=25 34 Tykistokatu 35 TL R=150 35 Rautakatu 40 (TL) - 36 Karjakatu 40 (TL) - 37 Peronkatu 40 - - 38 Tierankatu 40 - - 39 Tuulitie 30 - - 40 Jaanintie 40 TL - 41 Tilhenkatu 60 TL - 42 Satakielenkatu 60 TL - 43 Littoistentie 30 TL R=120 44 Hännikönkatu 60 TL - 45 Suurpäänkatu 50 TL - 46 Pihkalankatu 40 TL - Junction Speed Traffic Remarks (km/h) lights (radius) 47 Vähä Hämeenkatu 50 TL - 48 Sirkkalankatu 50 TL - 49 Itäinen Pitkäkatu 50 TL - 50 Kupittaankatu 40 (TL) R=200 51 Kunnallisairaalantie 50 TL - 52 Kuupitaan monitomihalli 50 - - 53 Hippoksentie 50 TL - 54 Kaskentie 30 TL R=100 55 Peltolantie 20 TL R=50 56 Seppelkuja 60 TL - 57 Skarppakuelantie 50 TL - 58 Skanssinkatu 20 TL Roundabout 59 Itakaari 15 TL R=30 41 junctions with TL 8 junctions with optionnal (TL) 10

Speed limits Tram in Turku the OpenTrack OpenTrack model Model Overview 11

Speed limits in the OpenTrack model Segment, radius and junctions Tram Turku OpenTrack Model 12

Conflicts among the line Track and stop sharing with bus > 5 track sharing segments with bus > 15 stop sharing with bus > Runosmäki branch: Ruohonpää, Kähäri, Raunistulan koulu and Puutori > Varissuo branch: Tuomiokirkko, Yliopisto, Sairalaa, Kupitaan kampus, Koukkarinkatu and Pelttarinkatu > Skanssi branch: Vasaramäki, Kauppakeskus, Koulu and Piispanristi > Trams have to stop longer depending on the number of departures per hour and possible bus interference Stop time distribution for buses 13

Conflict among the line Track sharing with car > 6 track sharing sections with car > Reduction of running speed of the trams according to the traffic > Trams can run from 60 % to 90 % slower in the model Priority at junctions > 5 junctions with minor priority (average stop time 15s) > Tampereentie > Eerikinkatu > Uudenmaankatu > Hämeenkatu > Tykistokatu > 100 % priority for the other ones Stop time distribution at junctions 14

Turnback arrangement and operation Arrangement at the terminus > 2 tracks stub located before the terminus > Minimum turnaround time = 4 minutes > Trams waiting for their departure time at the terminus 04:00 11:30 Minimum 4 turnaround time Terminal stop 0:00 A 7:30 Terminal stop B > Trams are turning back preferentially on track A. > For example: > If a tram arrives at minute 0, it will turn back on track A and leave at minute 4. > If a tram arrives at minute 7,5 and track A is occupied, then it will turn back on track B and leave at minute 11,5. 15

Turnback arrangement and operation Arrangement at the terminus Matkakeskus > 1 track stub located after the terminus > Minimum turnaround time = 4 minutes > Trams waiting for their departure time at the turn-back position > Trams leave turn-back position 1 minute before their planned departure time at Matkakeskus 04:00 11:30 Tunr-back position 0:00 Next tram Minimum 4 turnaround time 16

Dwell time in the model 6 standard distributions for the dwell time > Applied in accordance with the demand evaluation > Based on data collected from other projects D5 D10 D15 D20 D25 D30 17

Dwell time used for each station and direction Line 1: Runosmäki Lyseo - Varissuo Orminkuja Line 2: Matkakeskus - Skanssi Piispanristi Stops Distribution Distribution Stops Distribution Distribution Runosmäki Lyseo D15 D15 Runosmäki Tinasotilaanpolku D20 D20 Runosmäki Parolanpolku D5 D5 Nättinummi D15 D15 Impivaara D15 D15 Hepokulta D5 D5 Ruohonpää D20 D15 Raunistulan koulu D15 D15 Matkakeskus D30 D30 Puutori D20 D20 Kauppatori D30 D30 Tuomiokirkko D20 D20 Yliopisto D15 D20 Sairaala D15 D15 Kupittaan kampus D15 D15 Itäharju Karjakatu D5 D20 Itäharju Tierankatu D15 D5 Laukkavuori D5 D15 Hurttivuori D20 D20 Varissuon liikekeskus D20 D20 Varissuo Koukkarinkatu D10 D5 Varissuo Pelttarinkatu D5 D10 Varissuo Orminkuja D20 D15 Matk ak esk us D25 D25 Puutori D20 D20 Kauppatori D25 D25 Tuomiokirkko D10 D15 Uudenmaantulli D10 D10 Kupittaan urheilupuisto D5 D10 Vasaramäki D10 D10 Skanssi kauppakeskus D15 D15 Skanssi koulu D5 D5 Skanssi Piispanristi D5 D10 Dwell time assumptions > D5 for station with less than 20 boarders or alighters during peak hours > D30 for higher dwell time due to major passenger flows > Railway station > Kauppatori 18

OpenTrack Model Rolling stock Vehicle characteristics > Basic technical data > Length: 33 m > Weight: 44 t > Max. speed: 70 km/h > Max. acceleration: +1,2 m/s 2 > Deceleration (regular): -1,0 m/s 2 > Assumption > 2/3 passengers on board (or 2/3 of the total capacity) > Weight with passengers : 59 t > Same vehicle on both lines 19

OpenTrack Model Overview Runosmäki Branch (line 1) and Matkakeskus turn-back (line 2) 20

OpenTrack Model Overview Varissuo Branch (line 1) 21

OpenTrack Model Overview Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Skanssi Branch (line 2) 22

Simulated scenario with OpenTrack Simulation of peak hours > Operation on a week day (6:00 AM to 12:00 AM) > Six hours simulation in OpenTrack > Departure each 7,5 for both lines Simulated lines > Line 1 from Runosmäki to Varissuo > Line 2 from Matkakeskus to Skanssi The results from the OpenTrack simulations are deducted from the time period where the travel times are the highest. This time period sets the size of the rolling stock needed in order to operate the network. However the travel times outside peak-hour are a little shorter. 23

Simulated scenario with OpenTrack Six different simulations with OpenTrack 1 2 3 4 5 6 > Scenario A: Basic simulation with dwell time distributions (no conflict) > Scenario A.1: Basic simulation with track sharing with car > Scenario A.2: Basic simulation with track and stop sharing with bus > Scenario A.3: Basic simulation with minor priority at the junctions > Scenario B: Simulation with the three conflicts types > Scenario C: Simulation from the worst case scenario * The next slides show the final results (scenario B). 24

Scenario B Final results Travel time for each line Line 1 Runosmäki to Varissuo Turnaround time Varissuo to Runosmäki Turnaround time 43 6 00 43 5 30 > Turnaround time = 13 % Travel time Line 2 Matkakeskus to Skanssi Turnaround time Skanssi to Matkakeskus Turnaround time 19 7 30 19 7 00 > Turnaround time = 38 % Travel time 25

Scenario C : Worst case scenario Travel time for each line Line 1 Runosmäki to Varissuo Turnaround time Varissuo to Runosmäki Turnaround time 46 6 30 46 6 30 > Turnaround time = 14 % Travel time Line 2 Matkakeskus to Skanssi Turnaround time Skanssi to Matkakeskus Turnaround time 21 5 30 21 5 00 > Turnaround time = 25 % Travel time 26

0.0 Runosmäki Lyseo 0.5 Runosmäki Tinasotilaanpolku 0.9 Runosmäki Parolanpolku 1.5 Nättinummi 2.3 Impivaara 3.0 Hepokulta 3.8 Ruohonpää 5.0 Raunistulan koulu 5.8 Matkakeskus 6.1 Puutori 6.5 Kauppatori 7.0 Tuomiokirkko 7.7 Yliopisto 8.2 Sairaala 8.5 Kupittaan kampus 9.1 Itäharju Karjakatu 9.9 Itäharju Tierankatu 10.5 Laukkavuori 11.2 Hurttivuori 12.3 Varissuon liikekeskus 12.8 Varissuo Koukkarinkatu 13.2 Varissuo Pelttarinkatu 13.8 Varissuo Orminkuja Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Line 1 from Runosmäki to Varissuo Train diagram Travel time = 43 Speed = 19 km/h 27

Junctions Stations Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Line 1 from Runosmäki to Varissuo Speed distance diagram Lindforsinkatu TTK GmbH 2014 28

Junctions Stations Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Line 1 from Varissuo to Runosmäki Speed distance diagram 29

Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Tram real speed in the model Line 1 Travel time = 43 Speed = 19 km/h Real speed between two stops (without dwell time) To Runosmäki To Varissuo Station Name Travel time Distance (km) OT Speed (km/h) Runosmäki Lyseo - - - Runosmäki Tinasotilaanpolku 0,490 00:01:22 22 Runosmäki Parolanpolku 0,440 00:01:03 25 Nättinummi 0,623 00:01:30 25 Impivaara 0,779 00:02:07 22 Hepokulta 0,643 00:01:27 27 Ruohonpää 0,835 00:02:15 22 Raunistulan koulu 1,180 00:02:05 34 Matkakeskus 0,763 00:02:20 20 Puutori 0,395 00:01:14 19 Kauppatori 0,327 00:01:29 13 Tuomiokirkko 0,567 00:02:02 17 Yliopisto 0,693 00:02:10 19 Sairaala 0,485 00:02:27 12 Kupittaan kampus 0,365 00:01:28 15 Itäharju Karjakatu 0,565 00:01:29 23 Itäharju Tierankatu 0,779 00:01:26 33 Laukkavuori 0,596 00:01:11 30 Hurttivuori 0,698 00:01:22 31 Varissuon liikekeskus 1,044 00:01:40 38 Varissuo Koukkarinkatu 0,493 00:01:17 23 Varissuo Pelttarinkatu 0,470 00:01:13 23 Varissuo Orminkuja 0,582 00:02:15 16 Station Name Travel time Distance (km) OT Speed (km/h) Varissuo Orminkuja - - Varissuo Pelttarinkatu 0,582 00:01:55 18 Varissuo Koukkarinkatu 0,470 00:01:13 23 Varissuon liikekeskus 0,493 00:01:22 22 Hurttivuori 1,044 00:01:41 37 Laukkavuori 0,698 00:01:22 31 Itäharju Tierankatu 0,596 00:01:13 29 Itäharju Karjakatu 0,779 00:01:28 32 Kupittaan kampus 0,565 00:01:28 23 Sairaala 0,365 00:01:46 12 Yliopisto 0,485 00:02:08 14 Tuomiokirkko 0,693 00:02:05 20 Kauppatori 0,567 00:02:18 15 Puutori 0,327 00:01:15 16 Matkakeskus 0,395 00:01:32 16 Raunistulan koulu 0,763 00:02:19 20 Ruohonpää 1,180 00:02:02 35 Hepokulta 0,835 00:02:24 21 Impivaara 0,643 00:01:29 26 Nättinummi 0,779 00:02:09 22 Runosmäki Parolanpolku 0,623 00:01:33 24 Runosmäki Tinasotilaanpolku 0,440 00:01:05 24 30 Runosmäki Lyseo 0,490 00:01:24 21

0.0 Matkakeskus terminus 0.1 Matkakeskus 0.5 Puutori 0.8 Kauppatori 1.4 Tuomiokirkko 2.0 Uudenmaantulli 2.7 Kupittaan urheilupuisto 3.3 Vasaramäki 5.5 Skanssi kauppakeskus 5.1 Skanssi koulu 5.5 Skanssi Piispanristi Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Line 2 from Matkakeskus to Skanssi Travel time = 19 Speed = 21 km/h 31

Junctions Stations Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Line 2 from Matkakeskus to Skanssi Speed distance diagram 32

Junctions Stations Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Line 2 from Skanssi to Matkakeskus Speed distance diagram 33

Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Tram real speed in the model Line 2 Travel time = 19 Speed = 21 km/h Real speed between two stops (without dwell time) To Skanssi To Matkakeskus Station Name Travel time Distance (km) OT Speed (km/h) Matkakeskus - - - Puutori 0,395 00:01:14 19 Kauppatori 0,327 00:01:29 13 Tuomiokirkko 0,567 00:02:02 17 Uudenmaantulli 0,621 00:02:05 18 Kupittaan urheilupuisto 0,704 00:01:18 33 Vasaramäki 0,641 00:01:14 31 Skanssi kauppakeskus 2,167 00:03:31 37 Skanssi koulu 0,610 00:01:36 23 Skanssi Piispanristi 0,538 00:01:50 18 Station Name Travel time Distance (km) OT Speed (km/h) Skanssi Piispanristi - - - Skanssi koulu 0,538 00:01:44 19 Skanssi kauppakeskus 0,610 00:01:36 23 Vasaramäki 2,167 00:03:41 35 Kupittaan urheilupuisto 0,641 00:01:17 30 Uudenmaantulli 0,704 00:01:18 33 Tuomiokirkko 0,621 00:01:49 21 Kauppatori 0,567 00:02:11 16 Puutori 0,327 00:01:14 16 Matkakeskus 0,395 00:01:32 16 34

Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Impact of track sharing and junctions on travel time Overview per line and per direction +12% +8% +8% +4% Possibility to speed up both lines a little bit more 35

Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Impact of track sharing and junctions on travel time Detailed overview between each station on line 1 Delays are higher than 20% of the travel time of the simulation without any conflict (basic simulation) > To Varissuo > Raunistulan koulu Matkakeskus > Puutori Kauppatori > Tuomiokirkko Yliopisto > Yliopisto Sairaala > Sairaala Kupittaan kampus > To Runosmäki > Kupittaan kampus Sairaala > Sairaala Yliopisto > Tuomiokirkko Kauppatori > Puutori Matkakeskus Delays are mostly due to track and stop sharing with bus and the lack of priority at the junctions! Higher delays in the city center!

Scenario B Tram Turku OpenTrack Model Impact of track sharing and junctions on travel time Detailed overview between each station on line 2 Delays are higher than 20% of the travel time of the simulation without any conflict (basic simulation) > To Matkakeskus > Uudenmaantulli Tuomiokirkko > Tuomiokirkko Kauppatori > To Skanssi > Uudenmaantulli - Tuomiokirkko 37

Scenario B Final results Rolling stock Line 1 > 13 trams > ~ 14 with 10% reserve Line 2 > 7 trams > ~ 8 with 10% reserve Line 1 Line 2 Line 1&2 Reserve Total Estimate with OT 13 7 20 2 22 +10% 38

Scenario C : Worst case scenario Rolling stock Line 1 > 14 trams > ~ 16 with 10% reserve Line 2 > 7 trams > ~ 8 with 10% reserve Line 1 Line 2 Line 1&2 Reserve Total Estimate with OT 14 7 21 3 24 +10% > 23 vehicle needed in the worst case scenario seem the minimum rolling stock needed: 21 x 10% = 2,1 could be rounded to 2 vehicles for the reserve! 39

Has the wish for a regular 3-4 minutes headway on common track section any impact on rolling stock? Consequences of 3-4 minutes headway : > Line 2 has to fit to line 1 headway. > The minimum turnaround time of 4 minutes on line 2 imposes a specific travel scenario. > The headway has however no impact on rolling stock. Tram 1 Tram 2 Tram 1 Tram 2 40

How to spare some vehicles? Other headway? > Lower demand on line 2 allows a larger headway Higher demand Needed Tram Headway during peak hours capacity per hour in minutes Line 1 710 960 5 12 Line 2 150 210 1 60 220 theoritical seats 65% real seats 150 real seats > Reduction of rolling stock depending on the headway on line 2: > 7,5 ph = 7 trams to operate > 10 ph = 6 trams to operate (-1 vehicle) > 15 ph = 4 trams to operate (-3 vehicles) > 20 ph = 3 trams to operate (-4 vehicles) > No more regular headway on the common part between Tuomiokirkko and Matkakeskus! Lindforsinkatu TTK GmbH 2014 41

How to spare some vehicles? Other line concept? > Line 1 from Runosmäki to Skanssi (37 travel time) > Line 2 from Matkakeskus to Varissuo (26 travel time) > Same rolling stock needed! > First concept feets the demande better Concept with line 1 only (-8 vehicles = 7 trams + 1 reserve)? > 16 trams for line 1 only (14 + 2 reserve) > Demand forecast for line 2 very low for a tram or even a BRT system! Lindforsinkatu TTK GmbH 2014 42

Covered kilometers Tram s covered kilometers per line on a workingday Line 1 Line 2 Service Start End Duration Headway Tram / Service Kilometer One-way Both Kilometer One-way Both TOTAL NPH 05:15:00 06:30:00 01:15:00 00:15:00 5 13,8 69 138 6,6 33 66 204 PH 06:30:00 20:00:00 13:30:00 00:07:30 108 13,8 1492 2983 6,6 710 1419 4403 NPH 20:00:00 00:00:00 04:00:00 00:15:00 16 13,8 221 442 6,6 105 210 652 1782 3563 848 1695 5259 > Here are only the covered kilometers during the operation (kilometers with passengers on board) around 1,2 M veh.km for Line 1 and 0,57 M veh.km for Line 2 per year 43

Many thanks for your attention. 44