323 20186 JournalofSoiland WaterConservation Vol.32No.3 Jun.,2018 GVTU]^ () IJK, LM ( > G <, 100875),-: + C QR ",Y 6 baw6,h2 C QR OaW? S,/6 b 2 QR " " :(1)QR b?, / Q G 56 C,QR C (2)QR b $ 2[ aw (3) ()b B [, AB C aw 156Q2 O 50% -,Q R " 6 Q b aw " M, H. M *+./0: C ;QR ; 56; 1 :S157.1 234:A 56 :1009 2242(2018)03 0016 05 犇犗犐 :10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.003 犃狀犈狓狆犾狅狉犪狋犻狅狀狅狀狋犺犲犛犻犿犻犾犪狉犻狋狔犪狀犱犃狆狆犾犻犮犪犫犻犾犻狋狔狅犳犛犻犿狌犾犪狋犲犱犚犪犻狀犳犪犾犈狓狆犲狉犻犿犲狀狋狊 KE Qihua,ZHANG Keli ( 犛犮犺狅狅犾狅犳犌犲狅犵狉犪狆犺狔, 犉犪犮狌犾狋狔狅犳犌犲狅犵狉犪狆犺犻犮犪犾犛犮犻犲狀犮犲, 犅犲犻犼犻狀犵犖狅狉犿犪犾犝狀犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔, 犅犲犻犼犻狀犵 100875) 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 :Toexplorethesimilarityofthesimulatedrainfalexperiments,basedonliteraturedataandobser vationdata,thispaperanalyzedthediferencesofrunofandsoilyieldbetweenindoorsimulatedrainfal experimentsandnaturalrainfalobservationsinsitu.thefolowingresultswereobtained:(1)simulated rainfalexperimentscouldweakentheefectofrainfalonrunofandsoilyield;thesmalerintensity,precipi tationamountorerosivitywas,thelowersimilaritywastoget.(2)thechangingpaternsofrunofandsoil yieldwiththechangingslopedegreeinthesimulatedrainfalexperimentsdeviatedfromthepaternsunder naturalrainfal.(3)whiletheconditionsoftheslopeandtherainfalwereidentical,thesoilyieldfrom loessalslopinglandunderthestationarynozzle typerainulatorwasfarlessthan50percentofobservations fromnaturalrainfal.consequently,therearesomediferencesbetweensimulatedrainfalexperimentsand naturalrainfalobservations,andsimilaritymeritsfutureresearch. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 :simulatedrainfalexperiment;naturalrainfalobservation;slopeerosion;similarity ` 156 -.P, 156 QS<T BS,. +2[ () 156 Q OaW 1 7 + -. B. =, E6, F,aWV 4, R M OaW +6 [1 2] [ 4,, E : + D7, D7 a 56 b<t M QS OaWV 2, 20 <30, C V OaWV, C M! () 6 *+,_R +56 D7, M _ c*+ D,; Q [3 4] -, C K F. *+V [4 5] HAB C Q5 6 *+,. C 6 M,M B *+2[ 2[: ; 2[ (),O J :2018 01 09 :!"(41730748,41471224) : (1993 ),,:)*+,,-./0156*+ E mail:qhke@mail.bnu.edu.cn : A(1962 ),,34,(),,-./0156*+ E mail:keli@bnu.edu.cn
3 : C QR b B + 17 [ () O aw,.cx * + * + H Young [6] b Barnet [7] 20 <60 Y O, C "_ (), C _B 156 *+,. ( ) AB Meyer P (P) [8] ` G1 ", B S R ( b ) - B,. M, H [9] b+ T [10] Y C =, " C ", - H2 C 6 4, OH "b " O C b C M *+,. C aw " * + " AB cx C *+ 6 b O aw6, C aw?, C OaW " 6 b D$, *?156QR " QR# $b BG 1 ' C 7 b OaW7 br,v b $, Db () MC C G? 1.1 DE b 5 6,Y - O C *+,/ + C 6,7 47$ 1990 2016 a W6 8 8 20 m 2 [ $ FbO1985 1989 39,E, & 234N 1.2 DE 2[ H C! (), C 2* [,.! () 6 R $ _, O C < 7 + : (1)1 1R -,1 'IQ 20% G 24h,1 1.0~1.3g/cm 3 (2) R () :(a)! >? 0.5~2.5mm/min, R 犐 5! ;(b) [4 4b Q, 6 4 300min (3) 6 V, H22[ $ " 4, C 6 $H8 (5m) V R R, 20m 60N b 5m 40N C [11 20] C 47$ 2006 2013, AB ( b ) " 1.3 DE 156 7 B, H2 ^M ](, P) C " 4,. 3 ] MC (1) MC b, C 7 C D4, _,. Y 56b 5 6 B 5 6 犈犐 30 B Brown [21] (1)RSE [22] * b PO (2),H & bqr 56,& : 犲犖 =0.29[l-0.72exp(-0.05 犻 )] (1) 犲犛 =(0.278 犻 +0.094)/100 C (2) : 犲犖 \ PO(MJ/(hm 2 mm)); 犲犛 C \ PO(MJ/(hm 2 mm)); 犻 4 (mm/h) Y H2b TH2 & ", 狉 (mm) 犐 ((mm/min))b Q 犘 (mm) R6 : 狉犖 =6.788 犐 30+0.568 犘 -7.339 (3) 狉犛 =19.889 犐 +0.784 犘 -41.568 C (4) : 狉犖 (mm); 狉犛 C (mm); 犐 (mm/min); 犐 30 30min (mm/min); 犘 Q(mm) 犉 b 狋 ",2 N TDS 6 (3)b (4) Q 6 ( 13.34 犐 +0.68 犘 )
18 32,, \ O _ _ (2) MC O [23], *+ C a W " 4, M 2[ 56Q(t/hm 2 ) 20 m,g 2 [ $ 5 6 Q (t/hm 2 ) 15 $, $ B McCool [24] *, (θ 10 ) $ B Liu [25] F". 9% $ 犛,. 15,2[ $ 7 $ 2 -, 15 $(0 ~30 ) 犛 R, 15 $ (5)~ (7) 犛 =2.29sinθ+0.01 θ 5 (5) 犛 =3.59sinθ-0.11 5 <θ<10 (6) 犛 =4.65sinθ-0.20 θ 10 (7), (1)b (2) 6 犚 2 H 0.68b 0.93 O( 20 m), 30min 犐 30b Q 犘 O 93%; C ( 5m) (), 犐 b Q 犘 O 68% OaW, C QR () AB (1)b (2)& [() 2 [ QRS Q [() 2[ C " a ", [ (1 mm/min)g Q [ (60 mm)4, Q G J, C " D/D$ K, K1$>c_ ( 1) G Q 4, C QR ; J OaW " & B [26] * (8)~ (9) 犔 =(λ/20) 犿 (8) 犿 =0.0426θ 0.69 (9) : 犛 $ ;θ $( ); 犔 ;λ a (m); 犿 6 " [ F $, - O [ 2[ $ H2 C (5 m)b (20 m)2 [, H V J Q, - H $ 1.4 2` DE H2 C " D$B -. a (%)b (%),& : a (%)= CQR - aw 100% aw (10) (%)= CQR aw 100% (11), a _B $Q C QR OaW D/D$ a <04, C " aw,?; a C, C? C J 100%, C " D$C? 2 +0/1 2.1 bc 2.1.1 DNO TH2 1 GVbc Q V V : 2.1.2 D N @ P 2 _,QR " $? OaW " (),2[ $,+ >? 0.18~0.26 _ $5 (0.18) b30 (0.24),10 ~25 $ >? 0.25~0.26;, 10 ~20 Qc,20 ~30 Q c C QR (), $ 5 ~20 4 J1 b 20 ~30 4 c 1, 20 K $,5 ~20 _ O C O ( ) $ 1$ ;20 ~30 _O _ $P 2[ $ QR a P >? (82%~171%), C () $ KD/ ; a 113%, 10 b30 a (82%~83%), 20
3 : C QR b B + 19 $ a?(171%) aw C, $ 7 2! Y2 :bc Q 2.2 Z[ 2.2.1 QRNO b C 56Q M 20 m b $15, M H2 Oa Wb C QR 56Q 56, +QR () 156Q 5 6 3_, 56 _R 97% 5 6 Q, QR () 56 O 56 Q 78%, C QR (), 5 6 56Q -, $ 17.5 (), QR 1 56Q 56 1 aw 75%, Young [6] b Barnet [7] 5 () O [ 2[ 56 J, C QR 5 6 " D/D$2, 1$>c_, 56 4, C QR 56 ";J aw ) 56 " _ 5 6 20m, H2 bqr () \ 56 ` 56 Q $ 56 -.P 8 b 9, $ Y 5 b 9 $ 56D$ 4_,, $ J, \ 56 156 Q J,J 1$>c_ QR (), \ 5 6 1 5 6 Q 5 ~ 20 $, 20 ~30 $, 20 K $, Q R $ MC +, QR,_ E Q, $ \ 56 : $J, J?,?$?, C \ P Ob \ 56 K [27] D \ 56 be Q D E? 56,/ C 8 5 6 1 5 6 QD, C \ 56, 5 6 Q $ M 2[ $ C QR 56Q a P>? (-30%~-75%), C () 56 $ D/ ; a -63%, $ 20, $15? 3 GVZ[ Q GVZ[ : 2.2.2 QRN@P H2 QR ",. MC, B 5 6 犈犐 30 2 [ ( 4! Y2 :Z[ Q HO Q 2.3 Z[? V, (20m) $(15 ) 1 IQbP ()MC, O 5 6 Q >? 0.006~ 0.182t/hm 2, 0.045t/hm 2 ; C QR 56Q>? 0~0.046t/hm 2, 0.017t/hm 2 ( 5) QR \ 56, 56Q OQR 38%
20 32," AB QR, ()b B [,156Q QRD$2 50% 5 GV]^ =GV F ' Z[? 3 + (1) C QR () b Q, 56 56 ; / QG 56 4, C Q R " (2) C (), b56 $ D/ OaW, 20 K $ -, B C *+4,. < H (3)" AB C QR, ()b B [,156Q & QRD$2 50% RS : [1],,.P CQR C [J].Y,2007,27(6):56 60. [2] E,,,.P C Q R S " 7 H 8 [J]. Y, 2008,28(4):1 6. [3], B. C Q R S [J].,1990,4(1):61 65. [4],+S,. CQR S B[J].*+,2005,12(4):188 190,194. [5], G. C Q R b V = X * + X [J].,1989(5):30 33. [6] YoungR A,BurwelRE.Predictionofrunofandero sionfromnaturalrainfalusingarainfalsimulator[j]. SoilScienceSocietyofAmericaProceedings,1972,36 (5):827 830. [7] BarnetA P,DooleyA E.Erosionpotentialofnatural andsimulatedrainfalcompared[j].transactionsofthe ASAE,1972,15(6):1112 1114. [8] MeyerLD,McCuneDL.Rainfalsimulatorforrunofplots [J].AgriculturalEngineering,1958,39(10):644 648. [9]. 56 SP D @ * +[D]. :,2012. [10] + T,8,,. 6 3QS *+[J].,2007,21(6):43 46. [11]. K b 1 5 6 D * + [D].,!: 9 #,2006. [12].2[1 5 6 * +[D]. : 9:,2012. [13] E",,#,. 56 D? *+[J].1,2012,49(6):1235 1240. [14] $,, <%,. $ & D * + [J].9 : C D,2007,23 (4):39 46. [15],a, ',.2E () 2[1 56H2[J].,2013,11(4):22 29. [16], ", B. ] ' 5 6 *+[J].Y,2016,36(4):216 219. [17],,, 5,.7Be ] E 756[J].9:CD,2009,25(5):47 53. [18] (), 5, =,. O2[ P DS =, QRE *+[J].9:,2007,26(5):1942 1947. [19]. 1*& P $*+[D]. : C,2007. [20].2[ 56+ DS *+[D].,!: 9 #,2013. [21] BrownLC,FosterG R.Stormerosivityusingideal izedintensity distribution [J].Transactions ofthe ASAE,1987,30:379 386. [22] E, A,,-,. C *+[J]..,2013(2):5 7. [23] A,,. 1 5 6 * + O [J]. *+,2000,19(3):297 302. [24] McCoolDK,BrownLC,FosterGR,etal.Revised slopesteepnessfactorfortheuniversalsoillossequa tion [J].Transactionsofthe ASAE,1987,30(5): 1387 1396. [25] LiuB Y,Nearing M A,RisseL M.Slopegradient efectsonsoillossforsteepslopes [J].Transactions oftheasae,1994,37(6):1835 1840. [26], L, &. 6 Q S * + [J].? *+,2005(4):1 6. [27] L.QR $ PO *+ [J].,1987(11):38 39.