UNIT 1 TUTUSTUMINEN GETTING TO KNOW YOU. Tervehdykset tavattaessa. Greetings when meetinq

Transkriptio

1 UNIT 1 GETTING TO KNOW YOU Greetings when meetinq TUTUSTUMINEN Tervehdykset tavattaessa How do you do? Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening. Hello! Hi! Welcome! Thanks! Pleased to meet you. (lit., nice to get acquainted) How are you? Fine, thanks. How are you feeling? Fine, thanks. Päivää. Answer Hyvää päivää. Päivää. Hyvää huomenta. Huomenta. Huomenta. ~äkemiin. Hyvää päivää. Päivää. Hyvää iltaa. Iltaa. Terve!. Terve: Hoi! Moi! Terve tuloa! Kiitos. Hauska tutustua. Hauska tutustua. Näkemiin. itä kuuluu? Kuinka voitte? Kiitos hyvää. Kiitos hyvin. Greetings when departinq Good night: Good evening! Goodbye! Bye : so long! See you later Have fun! Have a nice weekend! Thanks, same to you. Bye! Bye!(on the phone) Iltaa. Erottaessa Answer Hyvaa yötä: Hyvää yötä! Hyvaa yötä: Näkemiin. Hyvästi! Hyvästi! ~äkemiin. Näkemiin. Näkemiin. Pitäkää hauskaa: Hyvää viikonloppua! Kiitos, sitä samaa. Hyvää yötä. Hei sitten: No hei! Kuulemiin. Kuulemiin. 1-1 yksi

2 Other courtesy forms Please. Excuse me: Sorry: 1 am sorry. Never mind. Thank you. You are welcome. Don' t mention it. Sorry, 1 didn't hear. To your health! Mal janne! Cheers: Skool! Toast to you! Kippis! Toast to Finland! Thanks for your latest hospitality. - Nouns address osoite (5) Eall air force ilmavoimat (3) E ami ly America Amerikka (4) father apartment huoneisto (15) Eield, line army maavoimat (3) of work attache avustaja (3) Finland birthday syntymäpäivä (2) friend, acquaintance brother veli* captain kapteeni (7) captain (navy) kommodori (6) child lapsi (12) colonel eversti (6) commander komentaja (3) course kurssi (6) class luokka (2) daughter tytär ( 29 day department päivä (2) osasto (16) diplomat diplomaatti (6) di rector johtaja (3) doctor (title) tohtori (7) embassy lähetystö ( 15) evening ilta (1) girl home hotel house housewif e man (male) husband (my) lawyer M A. ma jor military attache 1-2 kaksi *veli, veljen, veljeä, veljeen Substantiiveja syksy (15) perhe (5) isä (2) ala (1) Suomi (8) ystävä (3) tuttava (3) tyttö (15) koti (6) hotelli (7) talo (1) kotirouva (2) mies (35) mieheni tuomari (7) maisteri (7) majuri (7) sotilasasiamies ( 35 ) Muita kohteliaisuuseuotoja Olkaa hyvä/ole hyvä. Anteeksi. Olen pahoillani. Ei se mitään. ~iitos/kiitti.(colloq.) Olkaa hyvä/ole hyvä. Ei kestä. Anteeksi, en kuullut. Terveydeksi! Kippis:/Skool! Maljanne! (high style) Malja Suomelle! (high style) Kiitos viimeisestä. military forces Miss. Mr. Mrs. wrning motel mother name night profession residence road seasons self sign son, boy spr ing armeija (4) neiti (6) herra (1) rouva ( 2) aamu ( 15 1, huomen ( 15 motelli (7) äiti (6) nimi (8) laivasto ( 16 1, merivoimat (3) yö (17) ammatti (71, virka (1) asunto (16) tie (17) vuodenajat ( 1) pl. itse (6) merkki (6) poika (2) kevät ( 36 )

3 street s t uden't summer teacher be, stay be able believe do, make katu (15) opiskelija (41, oppilas (30) kesä (2) opettaja (3) university yliopisto (16) USA Yhdysvallat (11, USA wif e vaimo (15) winter talvi (8) - Verbs Verbe jä olla (13) get, may saada (9) voida (91, jaksaa ( 1) get acquainted tutustua (8) uskoa (8) on tehdä (12), : : k: be familiar tuntea (5) 1 with woman nainen ( 25) work, job työ (17) year vuosi (9) )live, reside asua (8) tavata (18) viihtyä (8) American bad, sad better English Finnish French amerikkalainen (25) ikävä (3) parempi (14) englantilainen (25) suomalainen (25) ranskalainen ( 25 ~d jectives f un good healthy married new nice Adjektiiveja hauska (1) hyvä (2) terve (5) naimisissa uusi (10) mukava ( 3) own Russian special Swedish unmarried oma (2) venäläinen ( 25 ) erikoinen (25) ruotsalainen(25) naimaton (24) Adverbs and other particles Adverbeja ja muita apusanoja also and day after tomorrow f ortunately 1 hopef ul ly myös ja ylihuomenna onneksi toivott how indeed no no more only miten, kuinka toki ei ei enää vain soon today well, very with Yes 1 yesterday pian tänään hyvin kanssa kyllä, joo (colloq. 1 eilen Pronouns Pronomineja 1 minä YOU te (Te), Sinä he/she hän it se we me they he, ne what mikä, mitä who kuka 1-3 kolme

4 , HEARING IT 1 ml Dialog A. Play the taped dialog. Cover the Finnish side and follow in English. Do this at least three t imes. 1. Hyvää huomenta, herra Saari. 2. Huomenta, rouva Virtanen. 3. Mitä kuuluu? 4. Kiitos hyvää, entä teille? 5. Kiitos hyvää vain. 6. Saanko esitellä, tuomari Tammi, uusi oppilas, maisteri Virtanen, Suomen opettaja. 7. Hyvää päivää. Hauska tutustua. 8. ässä on vaimoni Minna. 9. Päivää. Tervetuloa! 10. Anteeksi, mikä olikaan nimenne? 11. Tammi. 12. Miten se kirjoitetaan? 13. "Tamni" kahdella m:llä. Siis T-A-M-M Anteeksi, en kuullut. 15. T-A-M-M Olkaa hyvä ja istukaa. 17. Kiitos. 18. itä vaimollenne kuuluu? 19. Kiitos kysymästä, hänelle kuuluu hyvää. 20. Entä mitä Washingtoniin kuuluu? 21. Kiitos, sinne kuuluu hyvää. 1. Good morning, Mr. Saari. 2. Morning, Mrs. Virtanen. 3. How are you? 4. Fine, thanks, and you? 5. Just fine, thanks. 6. May.1 introduce Attorney Tammi, a new student. Mrs. Virtanen, the Finnish teacher. 7. How do you do? Nice to meet you. 8. Here is my wife, Minna. 9. Hello. Welcome! 10. Excuse me, what was the name again? 11. Tammi. 12. How is it spelled? 13. 'Tammi' with two m's. So (that's) T-A-M-M Sorry, 1 didn't hear. 15. T-A-M-M Please, sit down. 17. Thank you. 18. How is your wife? 19. Thanks for asking, she is fine. 20. And how are things in Washington? 21. Thanks, everything is fine there. Dialog A. CONNECTING SOUND AND WRITING. Play the taped dialog and f0110~ the Finnish text. Do this at least three times.

5 Dialog B. Dialog C. Dialog D. Look at the Finnish text on p Listen to taped dialog B and stop for 5 or 10 seconds after each sentence. Wark down in which order you hear the Finnish sentences. Check your answers against the key. Look at the English text on p Listen to scrambled dialog C, stopping for 5 or 10 eeconds after each sentence, Wark down in which order you hear the Finnish sentences, but thie time mark the English. This gives you practice in comprehension. Check your answers againet the key. Listen to dialog D and fill in the blanks in the text, stopping for 30 seconds after each sentence.... Saari.... Virtanen. HOW do you do?... Good morning... Good morning... May 1 introduce...finnish... Here is a.mrs. Tammi.... Please what was the name again? Excuse me. HOW i~.o.*.o.*.? Thanks.She is...fine. KEY B C D. 1. attorney 2. Mr. 3. my wife, teacher 4. nice to meet you 5. new Finnish student 6. welcome, sit down 7. thanks, excuse me 8. 1 didn't hear 9. your wife 10. for asking, just 1-5 viisi

6 GETTING TO KNOW YOU Practice these sentences. Then act them out, substituting for the underlined words. Yleiskieli Standard Finnish Voices A, B, C. Puhekieli Colloquial Finnish Englanti English Ensimmäinen jakso A. Hyvää huomenta, herra Saari. Huomenta... B. Huomenta, rouva Virtanen. Huomenta... A. Mitä kuuluu? No, mitäs kuuluu? B. Kiitos hyvää, entä teille? Kiitos hyvää, entäs teille? A. Kiitos, hyvää vain. Kiitos hyvää vaan. Sequence 1 A. Good morning, Mr. Saari. B. (Good) morning, Mrs. Virtanen. A. How are YOU? B. Fine, thanks, and you? A. Just fine, thanks. Toinen jakso B. Saanko esitellä, tuomari Tammi, Saanks mä esitellä, uusi oppilas, maisteri Virtanen, uus oppilas... Suomen opettaja A. Hyvää päivää. Hauska tutustua. ~aivaa... C. Tässä on vaimoni Minna.. Tässon mun vaimo... Sequence 2 B. May 1 introduce Attorney Tammi, a new student. Mrs. Virtanen, the Finnish teacher. A.. Hello. Nice to meet you. (lit., to get acquainted) C. Here is my wife, Minna. A. Päivää. Tervetuloa. Päivää. Tervetuloo. A. Hello. Welcome. 1-6 kuusi

7 ' Act out sequence 1 on the previous page, substitutinq for the underlined words with those given in the list. Hyvää päivää i 1 taa yötä kapteeni majuri neiti johtaja tohtori eversti ' Kokkonen Joki Järvinen, Saari Tikkanen Seppälä Act out these scenes and make up new ones using these models. May 1 introduce myself? May 1 introduce my friend, May 1 introduce my family? ~y name is Matti Saari. Attorney Virtanen. My wife, Maija, and our children, Nice to meet you. Miss Järvinen. Pekka and Liisa. And this is I'm Lea Tikka..Nice to meet you. Kalle, Pekka's friend.... Act out leave-taking, using this model. Näkemiin, rouva Virtanen. Oli hauska tavata. Näkemiin, komentaja Lehto. Good bye, Mrs. Virtanen. It was nice meeting you. So long, Commander Lehto. 1-7 seitsemän

8 GETTING TO KNOW YOU Practice these sentences. ~hen act them out and substitute for the underlined words. Voices A, B, C. Kolmas jakso Sequence 3 A. Anteeksi, mikä olikaan nimenne? Anteeks, mikä teidän nimi A. EXCUSe me, what was the name olikaan? again? C. Tammi.... C. TaITUni. A. Miten se kirjoitetaan?... kirjotetaan? A. HOW is it spelled? (lit., written) C. '~ammi' kahdella m:llä. Siis T-A-M-M kahella... C. "rammi' with two mls.... SO (that's) T-A-M-M-1. A. Anteeksi, en kuullut. Anteeks, mä en kuullu. A. sorry, 1 didn't hear. C. T A M M I.... C. T A M M 1. ~eljäs jakso Sequence 4 A. Olkaa hyvä ja istukaa.... A. Please sit down. B. Kiitos. Kiitti. B. Thank you. Viides jakso Sequence 5 A. itä vaimollenne kuuluu? ~itäs teidän vaimolle A. How is your wife? kuuluu? B. Kiitos kysymästä, hänelle... sille kuuluu B. Thanks for asking, kuuluu hyvää. hyvää. she's fine. Kuudes jakso Sequence 6 A. ~ntä mitä Washingtoniin kuuluu? Entäs Washingtoniin? A. And how are things in washington? B. Kiitos, sinne kuuluu hyvää. ~iitos, hyväähän sinne. B. Thanks, everything is fine there. 1-8 kahdeksan

9 Act out sequence 4 by substitutinq for the underlined word with these expressions. Olkaa hyvä ja i käykää sisään. käykää istumaan. käykäa peremmälle. Please, come in. take a seat. come on in. Make up your own questions and answers; using the given variations. teille minulle miehellenne hänelle lapsillenne kuuluu? heille kuuluu hyvää. Matille hänelle are you? is your husband? are your children? is Matti? I'm fine. he is fine. they are fine. he is fine. sinne kuuluu hyvää. Everything is fine there. ei mitään erikoista. i nothing Special. ~ita kuuluu? Kiitos, siinähän se menee. How are YOU?* Thanks, it's going all right. ei kovin hyvää. not too good. Miten menee? Kiitos, hyvin. How is it going? Very well, thanks. Kuinka hurisee? Kiitos, siinähän se menee. Not bad, thanks. Miten opiskelu sujuu? Kiitos, hyvin. Miten bisnes sujuu? Kiitos, hyvin. How are your studies going? How is your business going? Fine, thanks. Fine, thanks. lit., 'What is heard?,' the equivalent of "How are you?,' "What's happening?,' 'What's up?,' or 'How are things?' 1-9 yhdeksän

10 + HBARING 1ooo11 Dialog A. Play the taped dialog. Cover the Finnish side and follow in English. Repeat at least twice. IT II Onko teillä perhettä? 1. Do you have a family? On, meillä on kaksi lasta. 2. Yes, we have two children. Missä lapsenne nyt ovat? 3. Where are your children now? He ovat kotona äitinsä kanssa. 4. Theylre at home with their mother. Miten tyttärenne voi? 5. Howls your daughter? Kiitos, hän voi hyvin, mutta 6. She is well,' thanks, but our son poikamme ei voi hyvin tänään. is not well today. Sepa ikävää, toivottavasti hän 7. Thatts too bad. Hopefully, he will voi pian paremmin. be better soon. Toivotaan niin. 8. Letls hope soi Mistä päin Amerikkaa te olette 9. What part of America do you come from? kotoisin? Kansasista, mutta asun nyt täällä. 10. ~rom ~ansas, but 1 live here now. ~ntii te? How about you? Minä olen syntynyt Suomessa was born in Finland. Asutteko vie13 hotellissa? 12. Are you still living in a hotel? Emme toki enää. Onneksi meillä 13. Oh, not any more. ~ortunately, on nyt oma talo. we now have our own house. Missä se on? 14. Where is it? Se on Puistokadulla. ~ässa on 15. Itts on Puistokatu. Were is osoitteeni, Puistokatu 29. rny address, 29 Puistokatu. Miten te viihdytte Suomessa? 16. How are you enjoying yourself in Finland? Kiitos, viihdymme hyvin täällä. 17. ~hanks, we are enjoying it very much. ~ehän olette armeijassa, eikö niin? 18. You are in the military, aren't you? ~iin, ilmavoimissa. ~ntä millä 19. Yes, in the air force. And whatts alalla te olette? your field? olen ulkoministeriössä. 20. Itm at the State ~epartment. Tunnetteko Bob Wilsonin? 21. DO you know Bob Wilson? Hän on työssä siellä. He works there. Tunnen, mutta hän on eri 22. Yes, 1 do, but he works in a osastolla. Muuten tänään on different department. By the way, Bobin syntymäpäivä. itts Bob's birthday today. ~nsimmäinen syyskuutako? 23. The first of September? Niin. 24. Yes kymmenen

11 25. Asiasta toiseen, uskotteko 25. To change the subject, do you believe horoskooppiin? in horoscopes? 26. Uskon, olen Kala. Mika teidän do, I1m Pisces. whatls your sign? horoskooppimerkkinnne on? 27. Olen Neitsyt, mutta en usko 27. I'm Virgo. But 1 donlt believe in horoskooppiin. Minusta se on horoscopes. 1 think itts nonsense. humpuukia. Dialog A. CONNECTING SOUND AND WRITING. Play the taped dialog three times and follow the Finnish text. Dialog B. Look at the Finnish text on p Play scrambled dialog B, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds after each sentence. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences. Check your answer against the key. Dialog C. Look at the English text. Play scrambled dialog C, stopping after each sentence for 5 or 10 seconds. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences, but this time mark the English. This gives you practice in comprehension. Check your work against the key. Dialog D. Listen to dialog D, stopping for 30 seconds after each sentence and fill in the blanks. 1. Where are... now? 2. They are at home HOW is your...? 4. Thanks, fine but... does not feel very well. 5. What part of... do you come from? 6. From... but 1 live now in Where do you...? u....? is in the military, isnlt he? 10. No, he isntt. He works at the By the way, today it is... birthday o September?... KEY B C a D. 1. your sons 2. our daughter 3. husband 4. our daughter 5. Finland 6. Helsinki, Kuopio 7. work 8. in the air force 9. Saari 10. Department of State 11. my sonls 12. third 1-11 yksitoista

12 GETTING TO KNOW YOU Practice these sequences. Then act them out and subetitute for the underlined words. Voices A, B. Seitsemäs jakso A. Onko teillä perhetta? B. on, meillä on kaksi lasta. A. Missä lapsenne nyt ovat? B. He ovat kotona äitinsä kanssa. Onks teillä perhetta? Joo, meillon kaks lasta. Missä teidän lapset nyt on? Ne on.,. sequence 7 A. DO you have a family? B. Yes, we have two children. A. Where are your children n0w? B. They're at home with their mother. Kahdeksas jakso A. Miten tyttarenne voi? B. Kiitos, hän voi hyvin, mutta poikamme ei voi hyvin tänään. A. sepä ikävää. Toivottavasti hän voi pian paremmin. B. Toivotaan niin. Miten teidän tytär jaksaa? Kiitos, se voi hyvin, mutta meidän poika ei oo kunnossa. No, sehän ikävää, Toivottavasti se voi.... Sequence 8 A. How is your daughter? B. She is well, thanks, but - our - son is not well today. A. That's too bad. Hopefully he will be better soon. B, Let's hope 80. Xultural note: In Finnish you often say 'kiitos kysymästä,' meaning someone asks the routine greeting questions. 'thanks for asking,. when 1-12 kaksitoista

13 Act out sequence 7. Use these useful phrases when needed. Oletteko naimisissa? Are you married? Olen/En ole. Yes/No. En ole naimisissa. Olen naimaton. Olen poikamies. Olen eronnut. Olen naimisissa. I'm not married. I1m unmarried. I'm a bachelor. I'm divorced. I'm married. Onko teillä perhettä? Do you have a family? On/Ei ole. Yes/No. Onko teillä lapsia? Do you have children? ~eillä on yksi lapsi. We have one child. Meillä on kaksi lasta. We have two children. Use these variations of sequence 8 as you exchange courtesiee kolmetoista

14 GETTING TO KNOW YOU Practice the following sequences. Then act them out, substituting for the underlined words. Voices A, B. Yhdeksäs jakso Sequence 9 Mistä päin Amerikkaa te olette... te ootte A. What part of America do you kotoisin? kotosin? come from? (lit., are you from) Kansasista, mutta asun nyt Mä oon Kansasista, mut mä B. From Kansas, but 1 live here täällä. ~ntä te? asun... Entäs te? now. How about YOU? Minä olen syntynyt Suomessa. ~ä oon syntyny... A. 1 was born in Finland. Kynunenes jakso A. Asutteko vielä hotellissa? B. Emme toki enää. Onneksi meillä on nyt oma talo. A. ~issä se on? B. Se on Puistokadulla. ~ässa on osoitteeni, Puistokatu 29. (kaksikymmentäyhdeksän) Asutteks te. Ei me enää. Onneks meillon nyt oma talo.... ~ass on mun osote... (kakskytyheksan) Sequence 10 A. Are you still living in a hotel? B. Oh, not any more. Fortunately, we now have our own house. A. Where is it? 8. It's on Puistokatu. Here is my address, 29 Puistokatu. A. Miten te viihdytte Suomessa? B. Kiitos, viihdymme hyvin taalla. MiteS te.... me viihytaän A. How are you enjoying yourself in Finland? B. Thanks, we're enjoying it very much neljätoista

15 Act out sequences 9 and 10. and teacher about the same. Give information about where you come from and ask your fellow students Mistä te olette kotoisin? Where are you from? Mistä te olette syntyisin? Suomesta. Where are you from? From Finland. Mistä päin te olette? Whereabouts are you from? Missä olette syntynyt? Suomessa. Where were you born? In Finland. m l 1 RIVITALO Missä te asutte? Washingtonissa. Where do you live? In Washington. ikä osoitteenne on? o ikä teidän osoite on? Mikä puhelinnumeronne on? What is your address? What is your address? What is your telephone number? Meillä on nyt oma talo. asunto. huoneisto. We now have our own house. place to live. apartment. Osoitteernme on Töölönkatu 15 B 18. Our address is 15 B 18 Töölö Street viisitoista

16 GETTING TO KNOW YOU Practice these sentences. Then act them out, substituting for the underlined words. Voices Af B. Yhdestoista jakso Sequence 11 A. Tehän olette armeijassa, eikö niin?... ootte... A. You are in the military, eiks niin? aren't you? B. Niin, ilmavoimissa. Joo,... B. Yes, in the air force. Entä millä alalla te olette? ~ntäs...ootte? And what's your field?. A. Olen ulkoministeriössä. ~ä on A. I'm at the State Department.. Kahdestoista jakso Sequence 12 B. Tunnetteko Bob Wilsonin? Tunnetteks te B. Do you know Bob Wilson? Hän on työssä siellä. se on. He works there. A. Tunnen, mutta hän on eri osastolla. Joo, mä tunnen, mut se on A. Yes, 1 do, but he works Muuten, tänään on Bobin eri osastolla.... in a different department. syntymäpäivä. synttärit. By the way, it's Bob's birthday today. B. Ensimmäinen syyskuutako?... B. The first of September? A. Niin. Joo. A. Yes. Kolmastoista jakso A. Asiasta toiseen, uskotteko horoskooppiin? B. Uskon. Olen Kala. ikä teidän horoskooppimerkkinne on? A. Olen Neitsyt. Mutta en usko horoskooppiin. Minusta se on humpuukia. Sequence uskotteks te. A. To change the subject, do you believe in horoscopes?... Joo. Mä oon Kala. B. 1 do. I'm Pisces. ~ikäs teidän horoskooppi- What's your sign? merkki on? ~ä oon Neitsyt. Mut mä A. I'm Virgo. But 1 don't en usko... believe in horoscopes. ~usta... 1 think it's nonsense. See p for dates and signs kuusitoista

17 Use sequences 11 and 12 as a model. fellow students. Substitute personal information and ask questions of your yliopistossa, Niin. Yhdysvaltain suurlähetystössä, Kyllä. Tehän olette Amerikan suurlähetystössä, eikö niin? Joo. merivoimissa, En ole, olen yliopistossa. maavoimissa, En, olen ilmavoimissa. at the university Yes, 1 am/do. at the U. S. embassy Yes, 1 am/do. You are/work at the American embassy arenlt/don't YOU? Yes, 1 addo. in the navy No, 1 don't, 1 work at the in the army university. No, I'm not, I'm in the air f orce.... Find out and provide information about a third person, using both affirmative and negative questions and statements. ikä herra Smith on ammatiltaan? ~issä virassa herra Smith on? itä herra Smith tekee? What is Mr. Smith by profession? What does Mr. Smith do? lähetystövirkailija. embassy of f icial. Hän on amerikkalainen sotilasasiamies. He is an American military attache. diplomaatti. diplomat. Hän on Amerikan suurlähettilas. Kuka amerikkalainen diplomaatti on? Hän on herra Smith. He is the American ambassador. Who is the American diplomat? He is Mr. Smith. Tänään Today Huomenna on Maijan syntymäpäivä. Tomor row is Maija's birthday. Yli huomenna Day after tomorrow Eilen oli Maijan syntymäpäivä. Yesterday was Maija's birthday seitsemäntoista

18 VUODENAJAT JA KUUMUDBT SEASONS AND MONTBS KEVXT spr i ng elokuu heinäkuu SYKSY fall/autumn KBSA surnmer 1-10 kahdeksantoista

19 Read with the help of the gloeeary. JOUSIniES Sagittarius rnarrask jouluk. 21 viisas, eloisa, epäitsekäs uise, vibrant, unselfish VesIaIES Aquarius tamik helmik. 18 KAURIS Capricorn kekseliäs, romanttinen jouluk tammik. 19 KALAT Pisces vilkas, huolellinen, helmik maalisk. 20 kärsivällinen OINAS Arie.5 maalisk huhtik. 19 SKORPIONI Scorpio iteenainen, huoleton, herkkä independent, carefree, aensitive hyvbhtuulinen polite, passionate, VAAKA Libra ayyek lokak. 23 HARKA Taurus talented, thrifty, tactful huhtik toukok. 20 peloton, ystavällinen, piiittlvainen NEITSYT Vi rgo KAKSOSET Cemi n 1 elok syysk. 22 toukok kesäk. 21 ylpeä, kiytannöllinen, aktilvinen proud, practical, active LEIJONA Le0 KRAPU Cancer alykäs, levoton, sonipuolinen intelligent, restless, versatile rohkea, ahkera, läminsyd&ninen warm-hearted tunteellinen, kunnianhimoinen, lojaali sentimental, ambitious, loyal 1-19 yhdeksäntoista

20 Perusluvut nolla yksi kaksi kolme ne1 jä viisi kuusi seitsemän kahdeksan yhdeksän kymmenen yksitoista kaksitoista Cardinal numbers ~ärjestysluvut ensimmäinen, eka toinen kolmas ne1 jäs viides kuudes seitsemäs kahdeksas yhdeksäs kymmenes yhdestoista kahdestoista jne. Ordinal numbers f irst second third fourth f if th sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth, and so forth Viikonpäivät DayS of the week maanantai tiistai keskiviikko torstai perjantai lauantai sunnuntai Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thur sday Friday Saturday Sunday tänään huomenna ylihuomenna eilen toissapäivänä today tomor row day after tomorrow yes terday day before yesterday Tänään on maanantai. Mikä päivä on huomenna? Huomenna on tiistai. Mikä päivä oli eilen? Today is Monday. What day is tomorrow? TOmOKKOW is Tuesday. What day was yesterday? 1-20 kaksikymmentä

21 COMPREHENSION EXERCISES. Listen to the tape and circle the correct expressions. A B A/B good morning good evening am doctor/attorney Virtanen. 2. acquaintance f r iend 2. 1 have a wife and two/three kids. 3. student teacher 3. ~y child is/the children are at home. 4. to meet to get acquainted 4. My wife Maija is at work/at home. 5. good night good evening 5. My daughterls/my son's name is... KEY 1. 1B 2B 3A 48 5A 2. 1B 2A 38 4B 5B Listen to the tape and fill in the missing words Attorney Jack Smith is a Finnish student. He is an American His... is Mary Smith. They... a son and a daughter. The children are... in New York. Mr. Smith's son today. soon. Hopefully Mrs. Maija Virtanen is a... Her husband is... Virtanen. They... two children, a son Kalle and a daughter Liisa. is... today. Also, Mr. Virtanen... That's... Mrs. Virtanen After completing these two exercises, compare your answers with the Finnish text in App. VI kaksikymmentäyksi

22 Listen to the following short extracts of conversation on the tape and take notes under these headings. Then discuss your notes with the other menibers of your group. 5. Person Profession where from Pamily 6. Person Profession Pami ly ny f amily 7. People Their jobs Pamily Phone numbers 1-22 kaksikymmentäkaksi

23 FUNCTION PRACTICES. Use these situations as a basis for free conversation. Greetings - greet your fellow student B and introduce yourself - B expresses his/her pleasure in meeting you - greet your fellow student B in the morning and introduce your wife/husband/friend - B expresses his/her pleasure in meeting hidher - B apologizes for not hearing the name - after you repeat the name, B asks how it is spelled - spell your name in Finnish - welcome someone to the class/helsinki/finland 2. Responses - express sadness about someone's not feeling well - express hope for someone getting better/well - express thanks - express pleasure at meeting someone 3. Where from - te11 where you are from - ask where B is from - find out where B is from, where she/he lives and what she/he does for living - find out where each student is from, where they live and what they do 4. Occupation - ask if a certain person is working - B answers in the negative - find out who each student, diplomat, teacher, etc., is - find out what each person (identified by name) is doing 5. Birthdays - find out if B believes in astrology, what his/her sign is, and when his/her birthday is 6. Your teacher is Finnish. Ask hidher all the questions you have learned. - greet the teacher - ask how the teacher is - ask if the teacher has a family - ask how the family is - ask how the teacher's wife/husband/son/daughter feels - ask how things are at home/in Helsinki/in Washington, etc kaksikymmentäkolme

24 READING Translate this with the help of the glossary. - Terve Bill. Oletko tavannut ystäväni Maijan? - En valitettavasti, mutta haluaisin tutustua häneen. - Voisin esitellä hänet nyt sinulle. Kuule, Maija. ässä on Bill, josta olen puhunut niin paljon. - Ahaa, kiva tavata. Nyt uskon horoskooppiin. Sen mukaan minun piti tänään tutustua komeaan mieheen. -- Look up your birthday and Zodiac sign on p Write down this information, share it with your fellow students, and ask them for the same. Syntymapäiväni on.,. ~y birthday is... Horoskooppimerkkini on... My sign is... Olen... 1 am... ANY QUESTIONS SO PARI Read the following structural notes and see how many of your questions they answer. Por structural exercises on theee points, eee the Workbook, unit 1 pp kaksikymmentäneljä

25 How to form & UNIT 1 STRUCTURAL NOTES Mk >2"0 1-A PERSONAL PRONOUNS tl H When to use 1st person singular 2nd person singular 3rd person singular 1st person plural 2nd person plural 3rd person plural 1. 3rd person pronouns minä sinä hän se me te, Te* he ne Y ou they (people only) they - there is no distinction by Sex; 'hän' and 'se' can refer either to men or women - 'hän' and 'he' refer exclusively to humans - 'se' and *ne1 refer to non-humans, i.e., to animals, things, and ideas - in colloquial speech, 'se' and 'ne' can be used to refer to people as well 2. 2nd person pronouns - follow the general European practice in which: 'Te,' the polite form, is used in most formal situations, with a person you don't know well, with a person of higher status, with an older person, etc. - use the appropriate plural verb form even with 'Te' - 'sinä' is used with friends, children, and in some informal situations - it may be insulting to use 'sinä' to a person you don't know well, unless you have come to a mutual agreement about it. For further discussion on this, see unit IV, "small talkm 3. colloquially, 'mä' and 'SS' are used for familiar "1' and "youm * The capital letter is used here for distinction, but both the regular 2nd person plural and the polite form are written 'te' except in polite correspondence.

26 1-B PRESENT TENSE AFPIRIUTIVE Singular 1. (minä) asu-n 2. (sinä) asu-t 3. hän asu-u Plural 1. (me) asu-mme 2. (te) asu-tte 3. he asu-vat 1 reside you reside he/she resides we reside you reside they reside How to form: Each form consists of two elements, stem and peraonal ending. When to use 1. Stem: is the element common to all six forms: asu- - is normally found by removing the ending -n of the 1st person singular, which is the second form in your chart of the Conjugational Types of Verbs (CTV see App. 111) 2. Personal ending: - is different for every person Singular 1. -n 2. -t 3. -V the last vowel of the stem doubled: 'hän usko-o' 'he/she believesm -no ending is added if the stem ends in tuo vowels: 'hän voi' 'he/she can. Plural 1. -me 2. -tte 3. -vat/-vät (depending on vowel harmony, see P-7 for notes on pronunciation) - since the endings are different for every person, the personal pronouns for the 1st and 2nd person can be left out altogether, unless there is a Special emphasis - the 3rd person pronoun cannot be left out 1. no distinction between habitual and ongoing action Minä istun nojatuolissa. 1 (usually) sit in the armchair/i am sitting in the armchair. 2. no distinction between the future and present tense 1-26 Minä asun Washingtonissa. 1 live/i am living/i will live in Washington.

27 1-C CASE ENDINGS In Finnish, the nominals, (nouns, pronou~s, numerals, and adjectives), appear in different forms, called cases, according to their function in the sentence. These cases have particular sounds associated with them, and these sounds are added onto the stem of the basic word. The basic word is in the nominative case, which is the form you find in the dictionary. The stem of the nominal, to which the case endings are'added, varies somewhat from the dictionary forms. Further discussion of this is on page P-9 (notes on pronunciation), in the section on consonant gradation. For now, it is sufficient to work with the conceptual meaning of the most common cases. The process of changing case endings on a nominal is called declining. So the nominative case is the undeclined case, which appears in the dictionaries and word lists of each unit in this book. It may be helpful to realize that there is something like a core meaning for each case and several extended meanings. The meaning of a case is reflected in the kind of question it answers, as indicated by the question pronouns 'kuka1 "whow and 'mikä1 "what." The case of the noun or pronoun in your answer should match the case of the interrogative pronoun. (see 1-J, 1-K, and 1-L for 'yes/now '-ko/-kö1 questions) There are two basic groups of cases: local - inessive, elative, illative, adessive, ablative, allative non-local - nominative, genitive, accusative, partitive and some others that refer to the qualities of the nominal itself When to use The subject of the sentence--the actor or even simply the name of something--is generally in the nominative: "1 broke it." The genitive indicates possession: "the boyls book." The accusative indicates that-the nominal is the object or recipient of the action of the verb: "1 broke - it.' The partitive indicates many things, but its core meaning is a reference to only a part of the object or objects, not all of those objects in the world: "some apple/some apples." These cases will be explained in much more detail as you progress through the book using them. We will begin using the local cases first in their basic and extended meanings (see II-G for further explanations). The local cases generally correspond to prepositions in English, and their meanings are similar to the variety of meanings of the equivalent prepositions in English.

28 As an example, we will deal first with the allative case. Its basic meaning is 'in the direction of something which is a surface, not an enclosure,' or 'towards the surface of something." The extended meaning refers to 'the recipient of something,' as in "1 gave it to - him.' This usage is called "dative" in most European languages. - Mitä sinulle kuuluu? Minulle - kuuluu hyvää. Tämä on hänelle. - minä 1 sinä YOU hän he/she me we te YOU he they 1-D PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN ALLATIVE How are YOU? (lit., what to you is heard?) I'm fine. This is for him/her. Standard Colloquial minu-lle mu-lle to me sinu-lle su-lle to you häne-lle mei-lle tei-lle hei-lle to hidher to us to you to them How to form - the stem of the pronouns is the part before the allative case ending -1le - the stem is the same for all cases except, partitive and accusative (see 1-F, 111-A, 111-Dl When to use: more in section II-M 1. in the most common greeting itä teille/sinulle kuuluu? How are you? 2. in answering the question 'kenelle' 'to whom' Kenelle tämä on? Täma on teille. Who is this for? This is for you. - Note: The colloquial forms are very widely used (see the Workbook, unit 1).

29

30 How to form Affirmative: onko + -1la-1 + nom. - add the question particle -ko/-kö to the verb in the 3rd person sg. = 'on-ko' (see 1-J) - attach -1la-1 to the stem of the subject - what is possessed is in the nominative, basic form Negative: eikö + -1la-1 + ole + part. - start with 'ei-kö' - attach -1la-1 to the stem of the subject - the verb form is 'ole' - what is not possessed is in the partitive case When to use: in answer to the question 'who has...?' (the stem for 'kuka' 'who' is 'kene-'1 ~ene-11s on auto? Who has a car? How to forrn: Standard minu-n sinu-n more in VI-B me idä-n -- teidä-n heidä-n 1-F POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 49 Colloquial mu-n su-n se-n The book f mine P - add the sg. genitive ending -n to the stem 'minu-' - for plural pronouns the stem is different (see VI-B) (see II-F for genitive) When to use: in answer to the question 'kenen' 'whose' I-G POSSESSIVE SUFFIXES (minun) -ni (meidän) auto -si (hänen) -nsa/nsä, -Vn (= vowel + -n) his/her (heidän) How to form: 1-30 for the stem used with the possessive suffix, see II-P.

31 When to use 1. the possessive suffixes are used alone without the pronouns: - generally in formal Finnish, unless there is a special emphasis on the possessor ~issä lapsenne - nyt ovat? Where are your children now? ~issä teidän lapse~ nyt ovat? Where are your children now? - if they refer to the subject of the sentence Minä asun talossag. 1 live in my house. - in informal Finnish, the word 'oma' 'own' is often added Minä asun omassa talossani. - 1 live in my own house. - in the 3rd person, you may leave out the possessive pronoun only when it refers to the subject of the sentence talossa=. in - his own house. talossa-. in && house. Matin talossa. Peter is living in Matti's house. hänen talossaan. in his (Matti's) house. hänen talossae. in & (Matti's) house. 2. the possessive pronoun can be used without the suffix: - with possessive pronoun that deals with family relationships, or with a familiar place, and does not indicate ownership meidän koulu teidän isä heidän luokka our school your father their class - in informal Finnish Onko teidän vaimo kotirouva? Missä teidän lapset nyt s your wife a housewife? Where are your children now?

32 1-H PRESENT TENSE NEGATIVE Singular (minä) e-n asu (sinä) e-t asu hän ei asu Plural (me e-mme asu (te) e-tte asu he ei-vät asu 1 don't reside (live) you don't reside he/she doesn't reside we don't reside you don't reside they don't reside How to form - the word corresponding to the English "notm is 'ei' - 'ei' is used like a verb and takes the personal endings according to the subject: 'en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät' - 'en, et, ei,' etc., precede the main verb (in English.notm usually comes after the verb) - the main verb is in a special form obtained by dropping the 1st person singular, present tense affirmative ending -n minä asu-n minä en asu 1 reside 1 don't reside 1-1 PRESENT TENSE OF 'ollaa =to bem Affirmative Standard Colloquial Standard Negat ive Colloquial - minä ole-n mä oon 1 am sinä ole-t sa oot you are hän on se on he/she is me ole-mm me ollaan we are te ole-tte te ootte you are he o-vat ne on they are Note: The colloquial forms are very widely used (see the Workbook unit 1). minä e-n ole mä en oo 1 am not sinä e-t ole sä et oo you are not hän ei ole se ei oo he/she is not me e-me ole me ei olla we are not te e-tte ole te ette oo you are not he ei-vät ole ne ei oo they are not

33 Affirmative question Standard Colloquial Negative question Standard Colloquial ole-n-ko (minä) oonks mä? am I? e-n-kö (minä) ole enksmä 007 am 1 not? ole-t-ko (sinä) ooksä/ootsä? are YOU? e-t-kö (sinä) ole eksä/etsä 003 are you not? on-ko hän onkse? is he/she ei-kö hän ole eikse 007 is he/she not? on-ko se onkse? is it? ei-kö se ole eikse 003 is it not? ole-me-ko (me) ollaanks me? are we? e-me-kö (me) ole eiks me olla? are we not? ole-tte-ko (te) ootteks te? are you? e-tte-kö (te) ole etteks te 007 are you not? o-vat-ko he/ne onks ne? are they? ei-vätkö he/ne ole eiks ne 007 are they not? - Note: Colloquial forms are very widely used (see the Workbook unit 1). 1-J -ko/-kö QUESTIONS m Haluaisitte-& istua? Would you like to sit? Ette-kö - haluaisi istua? Wouldn't you like to sit? Tulee-ko Pekka kouluun? 1s Pekka coming to school? Ei-kö - Pekka tule kouluun? Isn't Pekka coming to school? W Menemme-- kotiin? Are we going home? Emme-kö - mene kotiin? Aren't we going home? How to form 1. word order in an affirmative -ko/-kö question verb + personal ending + -ko/-kö + sub ject ole + -tte + -ko asu + -t + -ko te = oletteko te? are you? sinä = asutko sinä? do you live? 2. word order in a negative -ko/-kö question negation verb + personal ending + -kö + subject + main verb (in the negative form) te ole = ettekö te ole? are you not? sinä asu = etkö sina asu? don' t you live?

34 - Onko teillä perhettä? - On, meillä on kaksi lasta. Ei ole. 1-K HOW TO ANSWER -ko/-kö (yes and no) QUESTIONS Do you have a family? Yes, we have two children. NO, we don't. Uskotteko horoskooppiin? (Kyllä) uskon. - En (usko). - Vieläkö he asuvat hotellissa? - Vielä. Eivät enää. Do you believe in horoscopes? 1 do. No, 1 don't. Do they still live in a hotel? Yes (they do). Not any more. - the most common way is to repeat or negate the 'questioned word' without the -ko/-kö ending - for emphasis, you may use 'kyllä' in an affirmative answer - 'kyllä' and 'joo' (colloq. can be used in all above examples, but the usage is less common - 'ei' with a personal ending with/without the main verb is used in a negative answer You may begin a phrase with an interrogative word. - Mikä olikaan nimenne? - Missä teidän lapsenne ovat? Miten se kirjoitetaan? Kuka Suomen opettaja L HOW TO FORM QUESTIONS What was the name again? Where are your children? How is it spelled (lit., written)? Who is the Finnish teacher? When you form questions without an interrogative word, add the Interrogative suffix -ko/-kö. On& vaimonne kotirouva? Asutteko - vielä hotellissa? Generally, add -ko/-kö to the first word of the question:. Asutteko vielä hotellissa? Vieläkö te asutte hotellissa? 1s your wife a housewife? Are you still living in a hotel? Are you still living in a hotel? - Are you still living in a hotel?

35 Generally speaking, word order is less fixed than in English due to the fact that the case endings immediately te11 whether the word is used as subject, object, or has some other grammatical function in the sentence. You'll find more information on word order in II-C. Direct word order: subject, verb, object - statements He ovat kotona. Asun nyt täällä. - questions with question ~istä te olette kotoisin? words ~issa se on? Miten tyttärenne voi? They are at home. 1 live here now. Where are you from? Where is it? How is your daughter? - -ko/-kö questions Vieläkö te asutte hotellissa? Do you still live in a hotel? not beqinninp with a verb Indirect or inverted word order: verb, subject - -ko/-kö questions Asutteko te hotellissa? Do you live in a hotel? beginning with a verb Tunnetteko Bob Wilsonin? Do you know Bob Wilson? 1-N EMPHATIC SUPPIX -han/-hän ~ehän - olette armeijassa, eikö niin? Youlre in the military, aren't you? Kiitos, siinä* se menee. Not so bad, thanks. (lit., thahks, it goes all right) Olet&: Yes you are: When to use - can be added to any word.in a sentence for emphasis - softens commands and adds an informal tone to the conversation