Supplementary Table S1. Material list (a) Parameters Sal to Str

Tooth wear as a means to quantify intra-specific variations in diet and chewing movements - Scientific Reports 2016, 6:3037 Ivan Calandra, Gaëlle Labonne, Ellen Schulz-Kornas, Thomas M. Kaiser & Sophie Montuire Supplementary Table S1. Material list (a) Parameters Sal to Str Specimen Locality Season T Sal Sda Sdq Sdr Sdv Sha Shv Smc Spc Spd Std Str UB-07-01 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 1.050 5.27 0.139 0.95 1.61E-02.955 1.59E-02 5 0.66 0.01 106.992 0.3 UB-07-01 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.39 5.217 0.11 0.62.5E-11 5.199 5.10E-11 2.915 0.522 0.137 7.91 0.333 UB-07-02 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.90 9.01 0.132 0.63 1.0E-01 10.306.22E-02 77.29 0.371 0.071 125.625 0.256 UB-07-02 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.630 7.5 0.15 1.169 5.63E-11 6.230 6.60E-11 6.0 0.366 0.096 70.599 0.29 UB-07-03 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.732 6.9 0.151 1.10.3E-02 6.76 5.37E-02 69.716 0.5 0.06 127.503 0.72 UB-07-03 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.73 5.576 0.13 1.026 7.60E-11.6 6.9E-11 65.717 0.365 0.117 51.197 0.2 UB-07-0 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.01 7.9 0.156 1.229 3.6E-02.036.37E-02 2.993 0.5 0.056 113.239 0.21 UB-07-0 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.709 7.66 0.51 7.05E-11 10.691 1.02E-10 22.2 0.309 0.06 96.163 0.22 UB-07-05 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.921 6.773 0.13 1.023 3.69E-02 6.95 1.71E-02 2.635 0.352 0.051 106.750 0.7 UB-07-05 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.630.179 0.122 0.757 1.11E-10 7.716 7.95E-11 65.90 0.3 0.01 77.621 0.169 UB-07-06 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.95 6.972 0.13 0.92 2.2E-02 6.31 1.6E-02 63.362 0.329 0.01 10.99 0.97 UB-07-06 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.7.027 0.11 0.702 7.30E-11 6.9 6.E-11 26.191 0.30 1 90.00 0.06 UB-07-07 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.552 7.096 0.1 1.031 1.10E-10 5.67 7.96E-11 66.52 0.309 0.071 76.739 0.25 UB-07-0 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.611 6.62 0.19 1.112 3.13E-02 5.252 1.9E-02 26.605 0.527 6 103.95 0.31 UB-07-0 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.7 6.157 0.171 1.59 6.2E-11 7.035 9.6E-11 6 0.90 1 106.237 0.351 UB-07-09 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.709 6.360 0.092 0.17.E-11 6.62.6E-11.00 0.21 0.091 65.322 0.39 UB-07-10 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.630 7.175 0.151 1.12 1.25E-10 5.37 6.95E-11 75.17 0.50 0.12 70.513 0.297 UB-07-15 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.9 5.2 0 0.502 1.35E-02 6.613 2.67E-02 51.693 0.26 0.071 10.373 0.79 UB-07-15 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.39 3.712 3 0.19 1.E-11.319 1.56E-11 23.506 0.230 0.137 55.72 0.267 UB-07-16 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.751.37 0.10 0.93 7.96E-02 6.35 3.09E-02 71.122 0.397 0.06 133.367 0.516 UB-07-16 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.73 6.772 0.163 1.320 1.1E-10 6.190 5.5E-11 35.2 0.309 0.06 65.9 0.11 UB-07-17 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.73 5.730 0.122 0.77 6.3E-11 6.105 5.55E-11 51.670 0.337 0.112 7.523 0.220 UB-07-19 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.73.125 0.11 0.653 1.59E-02 5.61 3.32E-02 6.903 0.33 0.06 6.257 0.373 UB-07-19 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.7 7.31 0.072 0.262 5.25E-11 7.70 5.15E-11 3.690 0.203 1 5.016 0.323 UB-07-20 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.65 6.951 0.096 0.63 1.5E-02 9.935 1.63E-02 2.01 0.29 0.056.29 0.32 UB-07-20 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.552 5.22 0.097 0.65 2.7E-11 5.13 3.12E-11 37.606 0.270 1 12.10 0.00 UB-07-21 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.90 6.215 0.06 0.37 2.76E-02 5.10 7.73E-03.311 0.329 0.051 12.7 0.317 UB-07-21 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.630 6.17 0.12 1.07 7.31E-11.7 5.52E-11 22.556 0.97 0.122 76.752 0.50 UB-07-22 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.95 5.9 0.132 0.65 9.9E-03 13.25 1.55E-02.32 0.3 0.051 12.99 0.277 UB-07-23 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.3 5.507 0.096 0.55 1.69E-02 5.75 2.51E-02 51.377 0.31 0.01 93.75 0.30 UB-07-23 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.73 5.029 0.111 0.620 3.3E-11 5.110 3.E-11 50.62 0.391 0.112 111.615 0.300 1

Supplementary Table S1 (continued) (a) Parameters Sal to Str (continued) Specimen Locality Season T Sal Sda Sdq Sdr Sdv Sha Shv Smc Spc Spd Std Str UB-0-01 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.679.97 2 0.195 1.22E-02 6.70 1.67E-02 26.119 0.17 0.071 9.79 0.31 UB-0-01 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.39 5.115 0.053 0.12 1.59E-11 5.696 1.50E-11 2.365 0.13 0.117 7.71 0.112 UB-0-02 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.16 6.110 0.117 0.6 2.0E-02 7.36 2.92E-02 6.15 0.395 6 107.93 0.2 UB-0-02 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.7 6.107 0.090 0.06 3.0E-11 5.03 3.59E-11 6.1 0.266 1 109.390 0.52 UB-0-03 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.96 9.761 0.165 1.373 1.31E-10 9.59.59E-11 0.135 0.36 0.06 5.02 0.233 UB-0-0 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.57 5.661 0.09 0.7 1.0E-02 7.056.6E-02 35.035 0.260 0.01 10.375 0.31 UB-0-0 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.552 5.991 0.120 0.736 5.70E-11.72 6.0E-11 55.9 0.222 0.051 9.76 0.227 UB-0-06 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.22 5.636 0.131 0.70 2.65E-02 7.35 1.9E-02 9.266 0.231 0.030 115.990 0.350 UB-0-07 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.769 6.6 0.15 1.07 5.02E-02 7.057 3.6E-02 33.111 0.13 0.071 92.99 0.35 UB-0-07 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.630 6.799 0.05 0.360.2E-11.077.5E-11 1.159 0.16 0.071 92.23 0.317 UB-0-0 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.672 7.06 0.113 0.636 3.05E-02 6.16.05E-03 5.117 0.371 0.091 111.50 0.300 UB-0-0 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.552 5.699 0.10 0.977 5.75E-11.70.71E-11 63.73 0.33 0.127.96 0.333 UB-0-09 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.630 6.117 0.112 0.659 6.1E-11 6.9 3.E-11 3.39 0.376 0.01 9.95 0.233 UB-0-11 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.630.15 0.01 0.331 6.12E-11 9.99 7.70E-11 5.763 0.192 0.01 59.336 0.310 UB-0-1 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.606 6.202 0.02 0.33 2.63E-02 5.03 9.19E-03 36.25 0.303 6 9.125 0.297 UB-0-1 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.73 6.657 0.126 0.09.76E-11 5.66 5.91E-11 67.26 0.32 0.091 3.7 0.12 UB-0-16 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.61 6.610 0.172 1.0 5.32E-02 10.332 2.27E-02 3 0.3 0.06 129.001 0.06 UB-0-17 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.630 7.12 0.15 1.11.53E-11 11.1 1.36E-10 39.03 0.27 0.01 76.565 0.203 UB-0-19 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.60 5.091 0.10 1.620.E-02 7.726.32E-02 0.00 0.553 0.076 130.621 0.3 UB-0-19 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.552 5.63 0.11 0.65.77E-11 5.025.07E-11.90 0.37 0.137 111.15 0.37 UB-0-20 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.630 10.69 0.120 0.721 1.57E-10 9.2 6.1E-11 57.116 0.210 0.051 72.32 0.167 UB-0-22 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.7 6.553 0.10 0.971 6.71E-02 6.01 2.1E-02 6.16 0.31 0.091 99.97 0.3 UB-0-22 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.73 5.73 0.11 0.95 5.51E-11 5.37 5.67E-11 65.311 0.05 0.117 63.97 0.333 UB-0-23 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 1.03 7.56 0.120 0.720.3E-02 7.219 1.5E-02 0.07 0.323 6 107.37 0.617 UB-0-23 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.709 7.51 0.115 0.660 6.03E-11.166 6.16E-11 57.519 0.391 0.071 5.616 0.3 UB-0-2 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.75.173 0.17 1.50 6.2E-02 7.952.2E-02 0.116 0.51 0.06 132.29 0.96 UB-0-2 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.7.150 0.151 1.131 1.17E-10 7.561 9.23E-11 77.17 0.36 0.091 3.7 0.37 UB-0-25 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.630 5.67 0.0 0.35 3.1E-11 5.669 2.79E-11 36.015 0.291 0.096 123.125 0.36 UB-0-2 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.709 7.767 0.157 1.29 9.31E-11 5.9 6.7E-11 57.35 0.307 0.071 95.955 0.213 UB-0-29 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.630 6.10 0.160 1.271 7.10E-11 6.59.E-11 30.71 0.09 0.127 1.93 0.35 UB-0-30 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.73 7.35 0.17 1.506.20E-11 7.97 1.0E-10 2.9 0.3 0.06 1.91 0.177 UB-0-33 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.7.23 0.11 0.69 7.20E-11 7.93 7.6E-11 6.57 0.25 0.056 10.910 0.30 UB-0-3 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.600.752 3 0.531 2.21E-02 5.53 1.71E-02 9.21 0.00 0.117 139.36 0.322 UB-0-3 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.73.00 0.13 1.025 1.23E-10 7.16.39E-11 10.737 0.39 0.051 5.636 0.292 2

Supplementary Table S1 (continued) (a) Parameters Sal to Str (continued) Specimen Locality Season T Sal Sda Sdq Sdr Sdv Sha Shv Smc Spc Spd Std Str UB-0-36 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.97 6.29 0.11 0.710 2.75E-02 6.702 2.16E-02 5.557 0.5 0.06 12.757 0.9 UB-0-37 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.766 10.92 0.161 1.293.1E-02 12.01 1.0E-01 0.092 0.7 0.030 116.125 0.361 UB-0-37 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.7 7.99 9 0.593 6.75E-11 9.20 1.22E-10 15.51 0.23 0.056 7.772 0.367 UB-0-3 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.93 7.55 0.161 1.2 5.69E-02 9.79 5.6E-02 0.07 0.393 6 112.96 0.399 UB-0-3 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.552 6.32 0.162 1.293 7.79E-11 12.111 2.19E-10 33.151 0.30 0.056 51.192 0.25 UB-0-39 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.630 5.907 0.03 0.37 5.65E-11.007.95E-11 0.250 0.177 0.06 59.57 0.35 UB-0-0 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.73.15 0.116 0.667 2.9E-11.16 3.1E-11 0.572 0.323 0.112 7.725 0.303 UB-0-1 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.695.676 0.125 0.73 1.1E-02 10.6.17E-02 5.53 0.2 0.056 96.95 0.197 UB-0-1 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.73 5.63 0.127 0.0 6.5E-11.99 3.36E-11 52.215 0.17 0.096 5.606 0.261 UB-0-2 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.91 6.206 0.152 1.167 2.1E-02 7.392 3.59E-02 30.655 0.312 0.051 90.117 0.30 UB-0-2 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.552.31 0.110 0.613 5.07E-11.29 1.0E-10 57.239 0.2 0.076 57.353 0.272 UB-0- Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.620 5.39 0.10 0.93 1.60E-02 6.11 3.20E-02 5.075 0.37 0.06 132.129 0.299 UB-0- Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.709.37 0.0 0.33 3.39E-11 7.13 5.11E-11 1.05 0.20 1 120.657 0.563 UB-0-6 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.77 5.29 0.09 0.61 1.59E-02 9.05.36E-02 33.702 0.229 0.056 107.123 0.01 UB-0-6 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.630.075 0.11 0.65 7.6E-11 11.10 1.10E-10.007 0.33 0.056 76.76 0.22 UB-0-7 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.552 6.56 0.095 0.5 6.1E-11 6.25 5.65E-11 2.95 0.239 0.01 125.666 0.297 UB-0- Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.73 5.033 9 0.590 3.15E-11 6.1 3.09E-11 0.61 0.27 0.076 11.517 0.233 UB-0-50 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.709 5.70 0.03 0.3.25E-11 5.337.07E-11 1.663 0.25 0.01 67.33 0.33 UB-22-01 Kilpisjärvi Spring T3 0.33 9.51 0.120 0.719 5.6E-02 6.531 1.62E-02 6.33 0.31 0.112 12.996 0.252 UB-22-02 Kilpisjärvi Spring T3 0.756 5.92 0.12 1.005 3.32E-02.136 3.9E-02 27.65 0.33 0.01.370 0.391 UB-22-03 Kilpisjärvi Spring T3 0.7 7.016 0.091 0.06 2.7E-02 7.7 2.29E-02 0.572 0.215 0.076 90.25 0.33 UB-23-0 Pallasjärvi Spring T3 0.27.19 0.079 0.312 9.70E-03.22 9.25E-03 2.625 0.393 0.12 13.751 0.25 UB-23-05 Pallasjärvi Spring T3 0.676 9.913 0.16 1.26 2.66E-02 6.20 2.36E-02 3.257 0.2 0.076 7. 0.15 3

Supplementary Table S1 (continued) (b) Volume parameters Specimen Locality Season T Vm Vmc Vmp Vv Vvc Vvv UB-07-01 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.003609 7106 0.003609 0.09662 0.0559 0.0030 UB-07-01 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.001919 0.030557 0.001919 0.05 0.010 0.00270 UB-07-02 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.001959 3793 0.001959 0.07903 0.079217 0.0066 UB-07-02 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.002001 0.05733 0.002001 0.07637 95 0.009176 UB-07-03 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.003503 0.053907 0.003503 0.033 0.076910 0.00692 UB-07-03 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.00152 0.05661 0.00152 731 111 0.006767 UB-07-0 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.002297 19 0.002297 0.0331 0.07375 0.00966 UB-07-0 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.002069 0.0176 0.002069 0.05903 0.051637 0.00703 UB-07-05 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.00267 2253 0.00267 0.021 0.07239 0.009965 UB-07-05 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.001921 0.06673 0.001921 7917 0.059366 0.007209 UB-07-06 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.001752 0.05561 0.001752 0.077335 931 0.0072 UB-07-06 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.002175 0.06779 0.002175 001 0.05123 0.00667 UB-07-07 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.001902 0.052267 0.001902 20 075 0.00766 UB-07-0 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.00239 0.0715 0.00239 515 0.059706 0.00320 UB-07-0 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.002730 196 0.002730 0.09079 0.0157 0.009 UB-07-09 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.00150 0.031951 0.00150 0.06521 0.0093 0.00972 UB-07-10 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.002210 0.05715 0.002210 0.07909 0.071762 0.00773 UB-07-15 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.001631 0.0332 0.001631 0.05932 0.053703 0.005756 UB-07-15 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.000665 0.01759 0.000665 0.02155 0.022113 0.002 UB-07-16 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.002335 0.0556 0.002335 0.075353 6320 0.0037 UB-07-16 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.002303 0.05967 0.002303 0.0769 0.07077 0.00123 UB-07-17 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.0019 0.03660 0.0019 0.0533 0.07057 0.00697 UB-07-19 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.002070 0.06913 0.002070 0.071319 513 0.0059 UB-07-19 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.001391 0.03367 0.001391 0.0275 0.03157 0.009 UB-07-20 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.001277 0.03676 0.001277 0.0533 0.0679 0.00500 UB-07-20 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.00129 0.026725 0.00129 0.0359 0.0307 0.0036 UB-07-21 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.001557 0.039916 0.001557 0.05793 0.096 0.00532 UB-07-21 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.002351 0.050763 0.002351 590 032 0.007339 UB-07-22 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.0022 1732 0.0022 0.09175 0.0362 0.009675 UB-07-23 Pallasjärvi Autumn T2 0.001960 0.0213 0.001960 0960 0.05271 0.00669 UB-07-23 Pallasjärvi Autumn T3 0.001772 0.03635 0.001772 0.05211 0.06755 0.00517

Supplementary Table S1 (continued) (b) Volume parameters (continued) Specimen Locality Season T Vm Vmc Vmp Vv Vvc Vvv UB-0-01 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.000700 0.02023 0.000700 0.02761 0.02637 0.002906 UB-0-01 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.000626 0.0176 0.000626 0.02960 0.02211 0.00259 UB-0-02 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.00216 0.02617 0.00216 515 0.05691 0.00131 UB-0-02 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.00155 0.03537 0.00155 0.0652 0.003 0.0037 UB-0-03 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.003559 0.09559 0.003559 0.119961 7777 0.010329 UB-0-0 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.001363 0.03929 0.001363 0.050 0.000 0.00500 UB-0-0 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.00133 0.0119 0.00133 0.056967 0.0717 0.007703 UB-0-06 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.0017 0.05509 0.0017 553 0.056702 0.00655 UB-0-07 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.00227 301 0.00227 0.07166 097 0.010069 UB-0-07 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.00156 0.030233 0.00156 0.027 0.0363 0.005357 UB-0-0 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.00139 0.03509 0.00139 0.05951 0.05603 0.005003 UB-0-0 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.00120 0.07313 0.00120 59 0.05910 0.00639 UB-0-09 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001622 0.037697 0.001622 0.05119 0.0150 0.00600 UB-0-11 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001291 0.03366 0.001291 0.07237 0.01766 0.0090 UB-0-1 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.001093 0.026596 0.001093 0.037212 0.033022 0.00725 UB-0-1 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.00206 0.026 0.00206 9239 190 0.00502 UB-0-16 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.00117 0.07313 0.00117 320 0.090550 0.011106 UB-0-17 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.002520 0.07192 0.002520 0.0901 0.0596 0.009552 UB-0-19 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.002322 02 0.002322 0.02693 0.07353 0.00995 UB-0-19 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001655 0.03752 0.001655 0.0511 0.06355 0.00567 UB-0-20 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001515 0.029 0.001515 132 0.05103 0.0033 UB-0-22 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.00190 0.056339 0.00190 0.07090 7152 0.009397 UB-0-22 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.002056 0.053009 0.002056 905 2057 0.00729 UB-0-23 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.002105 0.056730 0.002105 0.07933 9371 0.009972 UB-0-23 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001799 0.01350 0.001799 0.05931 0.051999 0.00609 UB-0-2 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.002955 0.07500 0.002955 0355 0.090161 0.010195 UB-0-2 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.00257 615 0.00257 0.09290 0.02099 0.009992 UB-0-25 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.00125 0.02597 0.00125 0.03723 0.0319 0.005007 UB-0-2 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.003000 1796 0.003000 0.02670 0.073255 0.00622 UB-0-29 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.002091 1700 0.002091 0.06356 0.07606 0.009207 UB-0-30 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.002369 719 0.002369 0.09201 0.0071 0.0060 UB-0-33 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001961 0.0021 0.001961 5516 0.05791 0.006932 UB-0-3 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.001561 0.0371 0.001561 0.05077 0.0570 0.005066 UB-0-3 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001629 0.0903 0.001629 0.0716 102 0.00752 5

Supplementary Table S1 (continued) (b) Volume parameters (continued) Specimen Locality Season T Vm Vmc Vmp Vv Vvc Vvv UB-0-36 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.00172 0.0062 0.00172 202 0.0562 0.00700 UB-0-37 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.003060 0.07017 0.003060 0.095267 0.0269 0.011729 UB-0-37 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.00176 0.0396 0.00176 0.05975 0.050593 0.009191 UB-0-3 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.002502 51 0.002502 0.0969 0.07707 0.0109 UB-0-3 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001955 0.0553 0.001955 0.07723 6156 0.01175 UB-0-39 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001101 0.03059 0.001101 0.0106 0.0393 0.00623 UB-0-0 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.00139 0.035173 0.00139 0.0739 0.02336 0.005153 UB-0-1 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.001666 0.09355 0.001666 5661 0.05105 0.007556 UB-0-1 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001595 0.011 0.001595 012 0.0530 0.00630 UB-0-2 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.002135 7590 0.002135 0.0773 0.077012 0.010731 UB-0-2 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001260 0.06527 0.001260 0.0595 0.052303 0.005960 UB-0- Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.001663 0.0522 0.001663 690 1072 0.00761 UB-0- Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.000921 0.031596 0.000921 0.02706 0.03775 0.00952 UB-0-6 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T2 0.001301 0.03553 0.001301 0.051773 0.0593 0.0051 UB-0-6 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001637 0.0693 0.001637 01 0.055790 0.00700 UB-0-7 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001590 0.032055 0.001590 0.09 0.0101 0.0079 UB-0- Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.00109 0.033277 0.00109 0.0167 0.036769 0.00575 UB-0-50 Kilpisjärvi Autumn T3 0.001559 0.029355 0.001559 0.03099 0.039153 0.00750 UB-22-01 Kilpisjärvi Spring T3 0.001709 0.03639 0.001709 69 0.059 0.00019 UB-22-02 Kilpisjärvi Spring T3 0.002391 0.050315 0.002391 0.07059 1132 0.00963 UB-22-03 Kilpisjärvi Spring T3 0.001736 0.0311 0.001736 0.0692 0.0050 0.0091 UB-23-0 Pallasjärvi Spring T3 0.00127 0.020771 0.00127 0.029931 0.027166 0.002765 UB-23-05 Pallasjärvi Spring T3 0.00257 631 0.00257 0.092327 0.02697 0.009630 All specimens are housed at the University of Burgundy, abbreviation 'UB'. See Supplementary Table S2 for a description of the parameters. T: triangle. 6

Supplementary Table S2. Description of the 1 ISO 2517-2 parameters used. Parameter Description Unit Bearing ratio Smc Inverse areal material ration (p=10%) µm Feature Sda Closed dale area µm 2 Sdv Closed dale volume µm 3 Sha Closed hill area µm 2 Shv Closed hill volume µm 3 Spc Arithmetic mean peak curvature µm -1 Spd Density of peaks µm -2 Hybrid Sdq Root mean square gradient no unit Sdr Developed interfacial area ratio % Spatial Sal Auto-correlation length (s=0.2) µm Std Texture direction Str Texture aspect ration (s=0.2) no unit Volume Vm Material volume at a given material ratio (p=10%) µm 3 /µm 2 Vmc Material volume of the core at given material ratio (p=10%, q=0%) µm 3 /µm 2 Vmp Material volume of peaks (p=10%) µm 3 /µm 2 Vv Void volume at a given material ratio (p=10%) µm 3 /µm 2 Vvc Void volume of the core at given material ratio (p=10%, q=0%) µm 3 /µm 2 Vvv Void volume of the valleys at a given material ratio (q=0%) µm 3 /µm 2 7

Supplementary Table S3. Shapiro-Wilk normality tests on residuals. Effect Locality Autumn, T3 Effect Facet Autumn (localities pooled) Parameter W P W P Sal 0.95 0.07 0.969 0.01 Sda 0.972 0.295 0.969 0.0 Sdq 0.975 0.32 0.92 0.22 Sdr 0.95 0.01 0.971 0.059 Sdv 0.939 0.01 0.73 <0.001 Sha 0.93 0.012 0.913 <0.001 Shv 0.2 <0.001 0.66 <0.001 Smc 0.977 0.5 0.96 0.037 Spc 0.971 0.25 0.92 0.302 Spd 0.977 0.31 0.91 0.276 Std 0.967 0.16 0.90 0.21 Str 0.979 0.52 0.92 0.311 Vm 0.962 0.115 0.971 0.059 Vmc 0.95 0.022 0.97 0.07 Vmp 0.962 0.115 0.971 0.059 Vv 0.971 0.273 0.99 0.691 Vvc 0.971 0.256 0.9 0.667 Vvv 0.92 0.639 0.993 0.95 Bold values indicate significance (P 0.05), i.e. non-normal distribution. See Supplementary Table S2 for a description of the parameters. P: P-value, W: test statistic.

Supplementary Table S. Descriptive statistics. Sal Sda Sdq Sdr Sdv Sha Shv Smc Spc Spd Effect Locality Effect Facet Effect Season Autumn, T3 Autumn (localities pooled) T3 (localities pooled) Kilpisjärvi Pallasjärvi T2 T3 Autumn Spring n 32 17 3 9 9 5 Mean 0.613 0.593 0.00 0.606 0.606 0.67 Median 0.630 0.630 0.795 0.630 0.630 0.7 SD 0.125 0.13 0.12 0.127 0.127 0.156 SEM 0.022 0.032 0.022 0.01 0.01 0.070 Mean 6.07 6.50 6.53 6.63 6.63 7.32 Median 6.621 6.17 6.7 6.56 6.56 7.016 SD 1.31 1.25 1.331 1.367 1.367 2.10 SEM 0.253 0.302 0.22 0.195 0.195 1.07 Mean 0.11 0.123 0.12 0.120 0.120 0.120 Median 0.115 0.122 0.132 0.116 0.116 0.120 SD 0.030 0.031 0.029 0.030 0.030 0.036 SEM 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.016 Mean 0.77 0.01 0.63 0.766 0.766 0.77 Median 0.659 0.77 0.6 0.667 0.667 0.719 SD 0.357 0.36 0.362 0.35 0.35 0.55 SEM 3 0.09 2 0.051 0.051 0.20 Mean 6.56E-11 6.E-11 3.52E-02 6.65E-11 6.65E-11 3.0E-02 Median 6.0E-11 6.2E-11 2.76E-02 6.1E-11 6.1E-11 2.7E-02 SD 3.1E-11 3.12E-11 2.37E-02 3.11E-11 3.11E-11 1.70E-02 SEM 5.56E-12 7.57E-12.07E-03.E-12.E-12 7.60E-03 Mean 7.373 6.230 7.99 6.976 6.976 6.612 Median 7.1 6.105 7.005 6.62 6.62 6.531 SD 2.01 1.533 2.05 1.93 1.93 1.50 SEM 0.361 0.372 0.352 0.27 0.27 0.69 Mean 6.9E-11 6.0E-11 3.27E-02 6.6E-11 6.6E-11 2.1E-02 Median 6.03E-11 5.5E-11 2.59E-02 5.91E-11 5.91E-11 2.29E-02 SD.0E-11 2.21E-11 2.25E-02 3.51E-11 3.51E-11 9.5E-03 SEM 7.13E-12 5.35E-12 3.6E-03 5.01E-12 5.01E-12.26E-03 Mean 5.232 3.16 37.12.602.602 39.106 Median.19 2.915 0.27 3.39 3.39 3.257 SD 17.556 20.66 2.00 1.97 1.97 15.069 SEM 3.103 5.012.130 2.62 2.62 6.739 Mean 0.303 0.351 0.375 0.320 0.320 0.373 Median 0.297 0.337 0.361 0.309 0.309 0.393 SD 0.07 2 1 0.09 0.09 2 SEM 0.015 0.025 0.017 0.013 0.013 0.06 Mean 0.02 0.096 0.070 0.07 0.07 0.097 Median 0.01 1 0.071 0.06 0.06 0.01 SD 0.026 0.032 0.019 0.029 0.029 0.029 SEM 0.005 0.00 0.003 0.00 0.00 0.013 9

Supplementary Table S (continued) Std Str Vm Vmc Vmp Vv Vvc Vvv Effect Locality Effect Facet Effect Season Autumn, T3 Autumn (localities pooled) T3 (localities pooled) Kilpisjärvi Pallasjärvi T2 T3 Autumn Spring Mean 3.776 76.797 112.756 1.355 1.355 106.09 Median 2.63 7.523 109.939 7.725 7.725 90.25 SD 21.36 22.57 16.176 22.115 22.115 23.67 SEM 3.60 5.75 2.77 3.159 3.159 10.59 Mean 0.301 0.299 0.39 0.300 0.300 0.277 Median 0.300 0.297 0.392 0.297 0.297 0.25 SD 0.097 0.05 0.09 0.092 0.092 0.09 SEM 0.017 0.021 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.02 Mean 0.00171 0.00160 0.002039 0.00172 0.00172 0.001932 Median 0.001626 0.001919 0.001959 0.00176 0.00176 0.001736 SD 0.000593 0.0001 0.000632 0.000555 0.000555 0.0005 SEM 0.000105 0.000117 0.00010 0.000079 0.000079 0.00023 Mean 0.077 0.03225 0.05207 0.025 0.025 0.025 Median 0.01272 0.05661 0.05501 0.0176 0.0176 0.03639 SD 0.01600 0.01276 0.01365 0.0190 0.0190 0.017533 SEM 0.0023 0.003091 0.00230 0.002127 0.002127 0.0071 Mean 0.00171 0.00160 0.002039 0.00172 0.00172 0.001932 Median 0.001626 0.001919 0.001959 0.00176 0.00176 0.001736 SD 0.000593 0.0001 0.000632 0.000555 0.000555 0.0005 SEM 0.000105 0.000117 0.00010 0.000079 0.000079 0.00023 Mean 1703 0.0599 0.07153 1092 1092 136 Median 0.059563 001 0.073336 0.05975 0.05975 69 SD 0.02011 0.017217 0.01135 0.01901 0.01901 0.0232 SEM 0.00356 0.00176 0.003110 0.002720 0.002720 0.01065 Mean 0.05669 0.053559 3721 0.052 0.052 0.05079 Median 0.051901 0.05123 6066 0.051999 0.051999 0.059 SD 0.01191 0.01563 0.016019 0.01713 0.01713 0.021216 SEM 0.003216 0.003750 0.00277 0.002 0.002 0.009 Mean 0.00609 0.006506 0.00791 0.006703 0.006703 0.00696 Median 0.00616 0.00697 0.00312 0.006767 0.006767 0.00019 SD 0.00202 0.00195 0.00219 0.00192 0.00192 0.00300 SEM 0.00035 0.00072 0.000375 0.00023 0.00023 0.00135 See Supplementary Table S2 for a description of the parameters. n: sample size, SD: standard deviation, SEM: standard error of the mean. 10

Supplementary Table S5. Levene's tests on effects locality and facet. Effect Locality Autumn, T3 Effect Facet Autumn (localities pooled) Parameter df F P df F P Sal 1, 7 0.09 0.526 1, 1 0.05 0.32 Sda 1, 7 0.20 0.520 1, 1 0. 0.7 Sdq 1, 7 0.09 0.26 1, 1 0.035 0.51 Sdr 1, 7 0.7 1, 1 0.005 0.96 Sdv 1, 7 0.070 0.793 1, 1 6.71 <0.001 Sha 1, 7 2.759 3 1, 1 0.02 0.6 Shv 1, 7 2.25 0.11 1, 1 39.617 <0.001 Smc 1, 7 1.210 0.277 1, 1.525 0.036 Spc 1, 7 0.0 0.76 1, 1 0.002 0.962 Spd 1, 7 0.66 0.12 1, 1 7.5 0.006 Std 1, 7 0.00 0.97 1, 1 1.903 0.171 Str 1, 7 0.16 0.6 1, 1 0.02 0.67 Vm 1, 7 0.31 0.57 1, 1 0.0 0.509 Vmc 1, 7 0.12 0.727 1, 1 0.00 0.9 Vmp 1, 7 0.31 0.57 1, 1 0.0 0.509 Vv 1, 7 0.152 0.699 1, 1 0.001 0.97 Vvc 1, 7 0.122 0.72 1, 1 0.013 0.910 Vvv 1, 7 0.052 0.21 1, 1 0.60 0.39 Bold values indicate significance (P 0.05). df: degrees of freedom, F: Levene's test statistic, P: P-value. See Supplementary Table S2 for a description of the parameters. 11

500 km Kilpisjärvi Pallasjärvi FINLAND 200 km Supplementary Figure S1. Trapping localities. Maps modified with permission from http://www.histgeo.ac-aix-marseille.fr 12

Sal Smc 0.9 0 0.7 0 0.5 0 Str Std Sdq Sdr 0.5 0.3 120 0 0.1 1. 1.0 0.6 0.1 0 0.2 3 Vm (x10-3 ) 0.12 Vv 3 Vmp (x10-3 ) Vmc 2 0.0 2 1 0.0 1 0.02 Vvc 12 Vvv (x10-3 ) 0.1 Spd 0.5 Spc 0. 0.3 0.02 Kilpisjärvi Pallasjärvi 0.2 Sda Sdv (x10-11 ) Shv (x10-11 ) 10 1 20 6 10 6 10 Kilpisjärvi Pallasjärvi 2 Kilpisjärvi Pallasjärvi 0 Kilpisjärvi Pallasjärvi Supplementary Figure S2. Boxplots of geographical variations in field voles. Plots of the parameters not appearing in Fig. 2. See Fig. 2 for details of boxplots. See Supplementary Table S2 for a description of the parameters. 13

Str Sdq Sdr 0.5 0.1 1. 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 3 2 Vm (x10-3 ) 0.12 0.0 Vv 3 2 Vmp (x10-3 ) Vmc 1 0.0 1 0.02 Vvc 12 Vvv (x10-3 ) 0.1 Spd 0.5 Spc 0. 0.3 0.02 10 Sda 12 Sha Autumn Spring 0.2 Autumn Spring 6 Autumn Spring Autumn Spring Supplementary Figure S3. Boxplots of seasonal variations in field voles. Plots of the parameters not appearing in Fig. 2. See Fig. 2 for details of boxplots. See Supplementary Table S2 for a description of the parameters. 1

Sda Sha 10 12 6 1.5 Sdr 0.1 Sdq 1.0 0.1 0.5 T2 T3 T2 T3 Supplementary Figure S. Boxplots of intra-tooth variations in field voles: T2 vs. T3 facets. Plots of the parameters not appearing in Fig. 3. See Fig. 2 for details of boxplots. See Supplementary Table S2 for a description of the parameters. 15