FSD2720 Finnish EU Attitudes 2012 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE
c Finnish Social Science Data Archive, 2012 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish EU Attitudes 2012 [codebook]. Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2013. This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (14.3.2012) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. FSD Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE tel. +358 40 190 1432 fax +358 3 3551 8520 email: fsd@uta.fi URI: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/english/ Typeset by L A TEX $ Koodikirjoitin.py v27 @ 2013-05-10 09:11:16.558000 $
To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD2720 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive). The source must be acknowledged in any publication based wholly or in part on the data. The bibliographic citation may be in the form required by the publication, or in the form suggested by the archive. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Finnish EU Attitudes 2012 [computer file]. FSD2720, version 1.0 (2012-03-14). Helsinki: Taloustutkimus [data collection], 2012. Helsinki: Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) [producer], 2012.Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], 2012. The depositor and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data. The archive must be informed of all publications where the data have been used. The beginning of the codebook contains information on data content, structure and collection, and includes a list of publications where the data have been used. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percents (%), and valid percents (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say ) as missing data. This codebook has been produced automatically with Python, L A TEXand dvipdfm software. Source files include data description files in DDI format, and SPSS files.
Contents 1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles....................................... 1 1.2 Subject description................................ 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data........................ 3 1.4 Use of data.................................... 4 2 Variables 5 3 Indexes 57 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence....................... 57 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order.......................... 63 A naire in Finnish 69 i
Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Title of the study: Finnish EU Attitudes 2012 Title of the study in Finnish: EVAn EU-asennetutkimus 2012 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (14.3.2012) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. 1.2 Subject description Extent of collection Data: SPSS portable file. Data available also in other file formats. Other material naire: pdf file in Finnish Authoring entity Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) Yhdyskuntatutkimus Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. 1
1. Study description Depositor Haavisto, Ilkka (Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA)) Date of deposit 9.3.2012 Keywords defence and state security policy; economic integration; European economic and monetary union; European integration; European Union; NATO; political awareness; single European currency Topic Classification Classification by FSD vocabulary: international politics; political studies Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: government, political systems and organisations; international politics and organisations; mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion Series description The data belong to the series: Finnish EU Attitudes The research series, launched by the Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) in 1992, studies Finnish public opinion on EU integration. Views are probed on Finland s EU membership, the future and enlargement of the EU, European economic and fiscal policy, EMU, the European Parliament, Finnish security policy, EU subsidies and European integration as a whole. In addition, the surveys canvass citizen satisfaction with the availability of EU-related information, as well as with the way the Finnish Government and Parliament have handled EU issues. Starting from 2001, the surveys also cover opinions on international issues in general. Background information includes age, gender, education, economic activity, occupational group and trade union membership. Respondents have been asked which party they would vote for if the parliamentary elections were held at the time of the study. Data are collected once a year, although for the first three years, the surveys were conducted twice a year. The surveys are commissioned by EVA, and usually carried out by Yhdyskuntatutkimus. Abstract The survey charted Finnish public opinion on the country s European Union membership, potential NATO membership, defense policy, relations with other countries, EU decision-making, European integration, and the financial and economic crisis. 2
1.3. Structure and collection of the data First, the respondents were asked how interested they were in matters related to the EU and Finnish EU membership, and how well informed they were of these issue. The survey carried a large number of statements relating to the EU membership, decision-making in the EU, Finland s role and policy in the EU, European integration and defence policy, European Monetary Union (EMU), the financial and economic crisis and Finnish policies on the issue. Other statements related to environmental policy, climate change, Finland s foreign policy, potential NATO membership, cooperation with other Nordic countries, relations with Russia, immigration and its effects, and national and European identity. The respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with these statements. The respondents were asked how likely and how desirable certain scenarios were in the EU, for instance, that the EU would disintegrate or the weakest countries would leave the eurozone. Views were probed on the impact of the single currency. One question focused on perceptions of the EU ( democratic, bureaucratic etc). Opinions were charted on Finland s EU membership, transfer to the single currency and bailout policy to aid EU countries in financial difficulties. The respondents were also asked whether the euro and EMU membership benefited or harmed Finland at the time of the financial crisis and whether their attitude towards the EU membership had become more critical or favourable. Background variables included the respondent s gender, age, basic and vocational education, economic activity and occupational status, industry of employment, region of residence (NUTS), type of neighbourhood, membership in a federation of trade unions, self-perceived social class, and the candidate of which party R would vote for if parliamentary elections were held at that moment. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Unit of analysis: Individual Universe: People aged 18-70 living in Finland, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: 12.1.2012 23.1.2012 Data collector: Taloustutkimus Data producer: Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) Mode of data collection: Internet survey Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2012 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Response rate: 30% Number of variables and cases: The data contain 118 variables and 1271 cases. Sampling procedure: The original Internet panel sample of Taloustutkimus, randomly drawn from Finland s population register, consisted of people aged 15-79 who had entered their demographic and sociographic information when registering to the panel and had given their 3
1. Study description consent to Taloustutkimus to invite them to participate in different surveys. Answering any survey was voluntary. The sample in this study was formed from the Internet panel of Taloustutkimus, to be representative of people aged 18-70 living in Finland in terms of age, gender, region of residence, education and occupation/occupational status. The sampled persons received an e-mail inviting them to participate. Two reminder e-mails were sent to non-respondents. Four days before the end of data collection, an additional sample (correcting the sample of respondents so far) was formed and e-mails sent to persons sampled at that stage. Altogether, there were 1,271 respondents. 1.4 Use of data Related publications Haavisto, Ilkka (2012). EU vai ei? EVAn arvo- ja asennetutkimus 2012 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki: Taloustieto. http://www.eva.fi/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/eu-vai-ei.pdf [viitattu 4.4.2012]. Updated list of publications in the study description at http://www.fsd.uta.fi/english/data/catalogue/fsd2720/ Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting The data contain two weights, paino_1 and paino_2. The weight variables have been calculated based on the following: gender, age, region of residence, education, occupational group and which party R would vote for if parliamentary elections were held at that point. Paino_1 calculates the population estimates based on the actual numbers and paino_2 rounds the estimates to the nearest thousand (.000). There is also a third variable paino_3 which weights the sample to the population distribution but does not give estimates. Restrictions Access to the data granted for scientific and teaching purposes. FSD s access application procedure. 4
Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1271 minimum 2720.00 maximum 2720.00 mean 2720.00 standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1271 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation 0.00 5
2. Variables [FSD_PRO] FSD processing level FSD processing level A (see codebook) 1 B (see codebook) 2 0 0.0 0.0 C (dataset has not been checked at FSD) 3 0 0.0 0.0 [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1271 minimum 1.00 maximum 1271.00 mean 636.00 standard deviation 367.05 [SAM_NO] Original case id Original case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1271 minimum 102.00 maximum 7020.00 (continued on next page) 6
Q3_A (cont. from previous page) statistic value mean 3352.17 standard deviation 2241.48 [Q1] At the moment, how interested are you in issues relating to Finland s EU membership? At the moment, how interested are you in issues relating to Finland s EU membership? Very interested, follow actively 1 217 17.1 17.1 Fairly interested, follow to some extent 2 637 50.1 50.1 Not very interested, do not follow much 3 339 26.7 26.7 Not at all interested, do not follow at all 4 65 5.1 5.1 Cannot say 104 13 1.0 1.0 [Q2] How well informed do you feel you are of these issues? How well informed do you feel you are of these issues? Very well informed 1 23 1.8 1.8 Fairly well informed 2 465 36.6 36.6 Not very well informed 3 625 49.2 49.2 Not at all informed 4 127 10.0 10.0 Cannot say 104 31 2.4 2.4 [Q3_A] Finland has been able to influence decision-making in the EU Finland has been able to influence decision-making in the EU 7
2. Variables Strongly agree 1 34 2.7 2.7 Agree 2 512 40.3 40.3 Hard to say 3 318 25.0 25.0 Disagree 4 352 27.7 27.7 Strongly disagree 5 55 4.3 4.3 [Q3_B] The EU should have a common foreign policy in order to have credibility in international politics The EU should have a common foreign policy in order to have credibility in international politics Strongly agree 1 167 13.1 13.1 Agree 2 537 42.3 42.3 Hard to say 3 280 22.0 22.0 Disagree 4 218 17.2 17.2 Strongly disagree 5 69 5.4 5.4 [Q3_C] Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control Europe s development Although the EU has its problems, it is nevertheless the only power that can lead and control Europe s development Strongly agree 1 169 13.3 13.3 Agree 2 496 39.0 39.0 (continued on next page) 8
Q3_E (cont. from previous page) Hard to say 3 263 20.7 20.7 Disagree 4 244 19.2 19.2 Strongly disagree 5 99 7.8 7.8 [Q3_D] EU decision-making should be based more on majority voting and the veto powers of individual member states should be limited EU decision-making should be based more on majority voting and the veto powers of individual member states should be limited Strongly agree 1 138 10.9 10.9 Agree 2 388 30.5 30.5 Hard to say 3 271 21.3 21.3 Disagree 4 290 22.8 22.8 Strongly disagree 5 184 14.5 14.5 [Q3_E] Climate change is the greatest environmental threat of our time and in order to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective measures Climate change is the greatest environmental threat of our time and in order to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective measures Strongly agree 1 437 34.4 34.4 Agree 2 464 36.5 36.5 Hard to say 3 178 14.0 14.0 Disagree 4 135 10.6 10.6 (continued on next page) 9
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Strongly disagree 5 57 4.5 4.5 [Q3_F] Being a small country, Finland should be much more actively involved in EU policy-making to really be able to influence the Union s decisions Being a small country, Finland should be much more actively involved in EU policy-making to really be able to influence the Union s decisions Strongly agree 1 241 19.0 19.0 Agree 2 590 46.4 46.4 Hard to say 3 325 25.6 25.6 Disagree 4 104 8.2 8.2 Strongly disagree 5 11 0.9 0.9 [Q3_G] The EU should have a common defence The EU should have a common defence Strongly agree 1 91 7.2 7.2 Agree 2 306 24.1 24.1 Hard to say 3 372 29.3 29.3 Disagree 4 320 25.2 25.2 Strongly disagree 5 182 14.3 14.3 10
Q3_J [Q3_H] I am satisfied with the actions of our current government in EU issues I am satisfied with the actions of our current government in EU issues Strongly agree 1 59 4.6 4.6 Agree 2 385 30.3 30.3 Hard to say 3 344 27.1 27.1 Disagree 4 333 26.2 26.2 Strongly disagree 5 150 11.8 11.8 [Q3_I] The EU member states should be able to influence the policy of the European Central Bank The EU member states should be able to influence the policy of the European Central Bank Strongly agree 1 151 11.9 11.9 Agree 2 469 36.9 36.9 Hard to say 3 395 31.1 31.1 Disagree 4 177 13.9 13.9 Strongly disagree 5 79 6.2 6.2 [Q3_J] Joining EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) was the right decision for Finland Joining EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) was the right decision for Finland 11
2. Variables Strongly agree 1 269 21.2 21.2 Agree 2 354 27.9 27.9 Hard to say 3 410 32.3 32.3 Disagree 4 130 10.2 10.2 Strongly disagree 5 108 8.5 8.5 [Q3_K] Finland should be more active in looking out for its own national interests in the EU Finland should be more active in looking out for its own national interests in the EU Strongly agree 1 409 32.2 32.2 Agree 2 500 39.3 39.3 Hard to say 3 261 20.5 20.5 Disagree 4 93 7.3 7.3 Strongly disagree 5 8 0.6 0.6 [Q3B_A] Finland has been able to retain its national identity even as an EU member Finland has been able to retain its national identity even as an EU member Strongly agree 1 152 12.0 12.0 Agree 2 560 44.1 44.1 Hard to say 3 242 19.0 19.0 Disagree 4 255 20.1 20.1 Strongly disagree 5 62 4.9 4.9 12
Q3B_D [Q3B_B] EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we neither want nor need EU membership obliges Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we neither want nor need Strongly agree 1 427 33.6 33.6 Agree 2 484 38.1 38.1 Hard to say 3 152 12.0 12.0 Disagree 4 186 14.6 14.6 Strongly disagree 5 22 1.7 1.7 [Q3B_C] Finland should leave the EU altogether Finland should leave the EU altogether Strongly agree 1 108 8.5 8.5 Agree 2 107 8.4 8.4 Hard to say 3 286 22.5 22.5 Disagree 4 268 21.1 21.1 Strongly disagree 5 502 39.5 39.5 [Q3B_D] The EU must be the leading actor in international environmental policy The EU must be the leading actor in international environmental policy 13
2. Variables Strongly agree 1 183 14.4 14.4 Agree 2 513 40.4 40.4 Hard to say 3 338 26.6 26.6 Disagree 4 177 13.9 13.9 Strongly disagree 5 60 4.7 4.7 [Q3B_E] International environmental agreements and regulations threaten Finland s competitiveness International environmental agreements and regulations threaten Finland s competitiveness Strongly agree 1 133 10.5 10.5 Agree 2 298 23.4 23.4 Hard to say 3 399 31.4 31.4 Disagree 4 337 26.5 26.5 Strongly disagree 5 104 8.2 8.2 [Q3B_F] Swedes were wise to vote no to the Euro and EMU Swedes were wise to vote no to the Euro and EMU Strongly agree 1 293 23.1 23.1 Agree 2 243 19.1 19.1 Hard to say 3 426 33.5 33.5 Disagree 4 213 16.8 16.8 Strongly disagree 5 96 7.6 7.6 14
Q3B_I [Q3B_G] In the future, the EU will become a tight federation where nation states no longer have any significance In the future, the EU will become a tight federation where nation states no longer have any significance Strongly agree 1 113 8.9 8.9 Agree 2 254 20.0 20.0 Hard to say 3 383 30.1 30.1 Disagree 4 354 27.9 27.9 Strongly disagree 5 167 13.1 13.1 [Q3B_H] The actions and policies of the United States in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns The actions and policies of the United States in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns Strongly agree 1 17 1.3 1.3 Agree 2 124 9.8 9.8 Hard to say 3 358 28.2 28.2 Disagree 4 524 41.2 41.2 Strongly disagree 5 248 19.5 19.5 [Q3B_I] Within the EU, there is a continuous shift in the balance of power towards the large member states Within the EU, there is a continuous shift in the balance of power towards the large member states 15
2. Variables Strongly agree 1 346 27.2 27.2 Agree 2 621 48.9 48.9 Hard to say 3 234 18.4 18.4 Disagree 4 68 5.4 5.4 Strongly disagree 5 2 0.2 0.2 [Q3B_J] Finnish decision-makers focus too much on international issues, forgetting domestic problems Finnish decision-makers focus too much on international issues, forgetting domestic problems Strongly agree 1 238 18.7 18.7 Agree 2 434 34.1 34.1 Hard to say 3 261 20.5 20.5 Disagree 4 292 23.0 23.0 Strongly disagree 5 46 3.6 3.6 [Q3B_K] Finland has the moral responsibility to be in the vanguard of tackling the climate change Finland has the moral responsibility to be in the vanguard of tackling the climate change Strongly agree 1 190 14.9 14.9 Agree 2 422 33.2 33.2 Hard to say 3 288 22.7 22.7 Disagree 4 236 18.6 18.6 Strongly disagree 5 135 10.6 10.6 (continued on next page) 16
Q3C_C (cont. from previous page) [Q3C_A] Finland should join NATO Finland should join NATO Strongly agree 1 70 5.5 5.5 Agree 2 141 11.1 11.1 Hard to say 3 286 22.5 22.5 Disagree 4 296 23.3 23.3 Strongly disagree 5 478 37.6 37.6 [Q3C_B] Even though Finland is part of the EU, Nordic cooperation is still very important to us Even though Finland is part of the EU, Nordic cooperation is still very important to us Strongly agree 1 649 51.1 51.1 Agree 2 506 39.8 39.8 Hard to say 3 77 6.1 6.1 Disagree 4 31 2.4 2.4 Strongly disagree 5 8 0.6 0.6 [Q3C_C] Increasing immigration to Finland brings us useful international influences Increasing immigration to Finland brings us useful international influences 17
2. Variables Strongly agree 1 115 9.0 9.0 Agree 2 468 36.8 36.8 Hard to say 3 294 23.1 23.1 Disagree 4 263 20.7 20.7 Strongly disagree 5 131 10.3 10.3 [Q3C_D] Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have nowadays no reason to have a negative attitude towards our large neighbour Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have nowadays no reason to have a negative attitude towards our large neighbour Strongly agree 1 226 17.8 17.8 Agree 2 565 44.5 44.5 Hard to say 3 237 18.6 18.6 Disagree 4 196 15.4 15.4 Strongly disagree 5 47 3.7 3.7 [Q3C_E] The fact that our population is ageing and diminishing requires that Finland make immigration easier The fact that our population is ageing and diminishing requires that Finland make immigration easier Strongly agree 1 68 5.4 5.4 Agree 2 346 27.2 27.2 (continued on next page) 18
Q3C_G (cont. from previous page) Hard to say 3 337 26.5 26.5 Disagree 4 324 25.5 25.5 Strongly disagree 5 196 15.4 15.4 [Q3C_F] In all circumstances, Finland has to be capable of taking care of its own security, others cannot help us In all circumstances, Finland has to be capable of taking care of its own security, others cannot help us Strongly agree 1 241 19.0 19.0 Agree 2 477 37.5 37.5 Hard to say 3 274 21.6 21.6 Disagree 4 246 19.4 19.4 Strongly disagree 5 33 2.6 2.6 [Q3C_G] The Finnish media is not objective in EU membership matters and restricts publication of anti-eu material The Finnish media is not objective in EU membership matters and restricts publication of anti- EU material Strongly agree 1 140 11.0 11.0 Agree 2 293 23.1 23.1 Hard to say 3 462 36.3 36.3 Disagree 4 287 22.6 22.6 Strongly disagree 5 89 7.0 7.0 (continued on next page) 19
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q3C_H] Finland s EU membership opened up our borders, which has weakened our moral backbone Finland s EU membership opened up our borders, which has weakened our moral backbone Strongly agree 1 90 7.1 7.1 Agree 2 258 20.3 20.3 Hard to say 3 330 26.0 26.0 Disagree 4 369 29.0 29.0 Strongly disagree 5 224 17.6 17.6 [Q3C_I] Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the everincreasing internationalisation Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever-increasing internationalisation Strongly agree 1 257 20.2 20.2 Agree 2 512 40.3 40.3 Hard to say 3 215 16.9 16.9 Disagree 4 221 17.4 17.4 Strongly disagree 5 66 5.2 5.2 20
Q3D_A [Q3C_J] Nowadays I feel that I am not only Finnish, but increasingly also European Nowadays I feel that I am not only Finnish, but increasingly also European Strongly agree 1 133 10.5 10.5 Agree 2 480 37.8 37.8 Hard to say 3 235 18.5 18.5 Disagree 4 302 23.8 23.8 Strongly disagree 5 121 9.5 9.5 [Q3C_K] The wariness Finnish people show towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism The wariness Finnish people show towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism Strongly agree 1 230 18.1 18.1 Agree 2 417 32.8 32.8 Hard to say 3 209 16.4 16.4 Disagree 4 295 23.2 23.2 Strongly disagree 5 120 9.4 9.4 [Q3D_A] Finland should be pursuing its own interests in the EU even if it means paralyzing the decision-making abilities of the EU or the euro area Finland should be pursuing its own interests in the EU even if it means paralyzing the decisionmaking abilities of the EU or the euro area 21
2. Variables Strongly agree 1 156 12.3 12.3 Agree 2 279 22.0 22.0 Hard to say 3 299 23.5 23.5 Disagree 4 397 31.2 31.2 Strongly disagree 5 140 11.0 11.0 [Q3D_B] Euro countries should not be saddled with the responsibility of individual member countries economic problems Euro countries should not be saddled with the responsibility of individual member countries economic problems Strongly agree 1 382 30.1 30.1 Agree 2 475 37.4 37.4 Hard to say 3 240 18.9 18.9 Disagree 4 153 12.0 12.0 Strongly disagree 5 21 1.7 1.7 [Q3D_C] Europe can only prosper in the future by continuing to deepen its integration Europe can only prosper in the future by continuing to deepen its integration Strongly agree 1 64 5.0 5.0 Agree 2 314 24.7 24.7 Hard to say 3 500 39.3 39.3 (continued on next page) 22
Q3D_E (cont. from previous page) Disagree 4 280 22.0 22.0 Strongly disagree 5 113 8.9 8.9 [Q3D_D] The real problem of Europe is the lack of economic growth and enterprise The real problem of Europe is the lack of economic growth and enterprise Strongly agree 1 82 6.5 6.5 Agree 2 365 28.7 28.7 Hard to say 3 468 36.8 36.8 Disagree 4 298 23.4 23.4 Strongly disagree 5 58 4.6 4.6 [Q3D_E] The problems of Europe cannot be solved through increased integration, because its current problems are caused by excessive integration The problems of Europe cannot be solved through increased integration, because its current problems are caused by excessive integration Strongly agree 1 184 14.5 14.5 Agree 2 346 27.2 27.2 Hard to say 3 431 33.9 33.9 Disagree 4 255 20.1 20.1 Strongly disagree 5 55 4.3 4.3 23
2. Variables [Q3D_F] The current discussion on the EU is characterised by populism and hindsight The current discussion on the EU is characterised by populism and hindsight Strongly agree 1 276 21.7 21.7 Agree 2 578 45.5 45.5 Hard to say 3 277 21.8 21.8 Disagree 4 113 8.9 8.9 Strongly disagree 5 27 2.1 2.1 [Q3D_G] In the current situation, there is a risk that Finland turns inwards and is left out of international development In the current situation, there is a risk that Finland turns inwards and is left out of international development Strongly agree 1 101 7.9 7.9 Agree 2 323 25.4 25.4 Hard to say 3 334 26.3 26.3 Disagree 4 402 31.6 31.6 Strongly disagree 5 111 8.7 8.7 [Q3D_H] I would support Finland s membership in NATO if our country s top government leaders supported it I would support Finland s membership in NATO if our country s top government leaders supported it 24
Q3D_J Strongly agree 1 94 7.4 7.4 Agree 2 128 10.1 10.1 Hard to say 3 293 23.1 23.1 Disagree 4 290 22.8 22.8 Strongly disagree 5 466 36.7 36.7 [Q3D_I] To ensure compliance with common rules, euro countries should give the EU the right to audit their national budgets To ensure compliance with common rules, euro countries should give the EU the right to audit their national budgets Strongly agree 1 343 27.0 27.0 Agree 2 494 38.9 38.9 Hard to say 3 269 21.2 21.2 Disagree 4 94 7.4 7.4 Strongly disagree 5 71 5.6 5.6 [Q3D_J] Returning to the Finnish mark as a result of the euro crisis would be unfortunate for ordinary consumers and people with debts Returning to the Finnish mark as a result of the euro crisis would be unfortunate for ordinary consumers and people with debts Strongly agree 1 451 35.5 35.5 Agree 2 308 24.2 24.2 (continued on next page) 25
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Hard to say 3 342 26.9 26.9 Disagree 4 100 7.9 7.9 Strongly disagree 5 70 5.5 5.5 [Q3D_K] The lack of decision-making ability is one of the biggest problems facing the EU The lack of decision-making ability is one of the biggest problems facing the EU Strongly agree 1 321 25.3 25.3 Agree 2 517 40.7 40.7 Hard to say 3 345 27.1 27.1 Disagree 4 79 6.2 6.2 Strongly disagree 5 9 0.7 0.7 [Q4A_A] What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: The EU will be dissolved What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: The EU will be dissolved Very likely 1 84 6.6 6.6 Fairly likely 2 224 17.6 17.6 Hard to say 3 207 16.3 16.3 Not very likely 4 607 47.8 47.8 Not at all likely 5 149 11.7 11.7 26
Q4A_D [Q4A_B] What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: The euro will be abolished and national currencies reintroduced What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: The euro will be abolished and national currencies reintroduced Very likely 1 50 3.9 3.9 Fairly likely 2 166 13.1 13.1 Hard to say 3 219 17.2 17.2 Not very likely 4 647 50.9 50.9 Not at all likely 5 189 14.9 14.9 [Q4A_C] What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: All member states will change over to the euro What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: All member states will change over to the euro Very likely 1 32 2.5 2.5 Fairly likely 2 255 20.1 20.1 Hard to say 3 301 23.7 23.7 Not very likely 4 506 39.8 39.8 Not at all likely 5 177 13.9 13.9 [Q4A_D] What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: Finland will give up the euro What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: Finland will give up the euro 27
2. Variables Very likely 1 34 2.7 2.7 Fairly likely 2 109 8.6 8.6 Hard to say 3 194 15.3 15.3 Not very likely 4 659 51.8 51.8 Not at all likely 5 275 21.6 21.6 [Q4A_E] What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: The EU will become a federation What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: The EU will become a federation Very likely 1 59 4.6 4.6 Fairly likely 2 296 23.3 23.3 Hard to say 3 444 34.9 34.9 Not very likely 4 373 29.3 29.3 Not at all likely 5 99 7.8 7.8 [Q4A_F] What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: Finland will leave the EU What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: Finland will leave the EU Very likely 1 32 2.5 2.5 Fairly likely 2 76 6.0 6.0 (continued on next page) 28
Q4A_H (cont. from previous page) Hard to say 3 177 13.9 13.9 Not very likely 4 618 48.6 48.6 Not at all likely 5 368 29.0 29.0 [Q4A_G] What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: The weakest euro countries leave the Monetary Union What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: The weakest euro countries leave the Monetary Union Very likely 1 152 12.0 12.0 Fairly likely 2 504 39.7 39.7 Hard to say 3 385 30.3 30.3 Not very likely 4 203 16.0 16.0 Not at all likely 5 27 2.1 2.1 [Q4A_H] What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: The strongest euro countries leave the Monetary Union What is the likelihood of the following happening in the next 10 years: The strongest euro countries leave the Monetary Union Very likely 1 57 4.5 4.5 Fairly likely 2 135 10.6 10.6 Hard to say 3 350 27.5 27.5 Not very likely 4 519 40.8 40.8 Not at all likely 5 210 16.5 16.5 (continued on next page) 29
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q4B_A] How desirable do you consider that: The EU will dissolve How desirable do you consider that: The EU will dissolve Very desirable 1 97 7.6 7.6 Fairly desirable 2 120 9.4 9.4 Hard to say 3 208 16.4 16.4 Not very desirable 4 381 30.0 30.0 Not at all desirable 5 465 36.6 36.6 [Q4B_B] How desirable do you consider that: The euro will be abolished and national currencies reintroduced How desirable do you consider that: The euro will be abolished and national currencies reintroduced Very desirable 1 83 6.5 6.5 Fairly desirable 2 127 10.0 10.0 Hard to say 3 190 14.9 14.9 Not very desirable 4 436 34.3 34.3 Not at all desirable 5 435 34.2 34.2 30
Q4B_E [Q4B_C] How desirable do you consider that: All member states will change over to the euro How desirable do you consider that: All member states will change over to the euro Very desirable 1 200 15.7 15.7 Fairly desirable 2 421 33.1 33.1 Hard to say 3 318 25.0 25.0 Not very desirable 4 199 15.7 15.7 Not at all desirable 5 133 10.5 10.5 [Q4B_D] How desirable do you consider that: Finland will give up the euro How desirable do you consider that: Finland will give up the euro Very desirable 1 89 7.0 7.0 Fairly desirable 2 93 7.3 7.3 Hard to say 3 209 16.4 16.4 Not very desirable 4 406 31.9 31.9 Not at all desirable 5 474 37.3 37.3 [Q4B_E] How desirable do you consider that: The EU will become a federation How desirable do you consider that: The EU will become a federation 31
2. Variables Very desirable 1 41 3.2 3.2 Fairly desirable 2 92 7.2 7.2 Hard to say 3 362 28.5 28.5 Not very desirable 4 383 30.1 30.1 Not at all desirable 5 393 30.9 30.9 [Q4B_F] How desirable do you consider that: Finland will leave the EU How desirable do you consider that: Finland will leave the EU Very desirable 1 102 8.0 8.0 Fairly desirable 2 97 7.6 7.6 Hard to say 3 223 17.5 17.5 Not very desirable 4 367 28.9 28.9 Not at all desirable 5 482 37.9 37.9 [Q4B_G] How desirable do you consider that: The weakest euro countries leave the Monetary Union How desirable do you consider that: The weakest euro countries leave the Monetary Union Very desirable 1 284 22.3 22.3 Fairly desirable 2 392 30.8 30.8 Hard to say 3 365 28.7 28.7 Not very desirable 4 155 12.2 12.2 Not at all desirable 5 75 5.9 5.9 32
Q5_B [Q4B_H] How desirable do you consider that: The strongest euro countries leave the Monetary Union How desirable do you consider that: The strongest euro countries leave the Monetary Union Very desirable 1 68 5.4 5.4 Fairly desirable 2 42 3.3 3.3 Hard to say 3 315 24.8 24.8 Not very desirable 4 342 26.9 26.9 Not at all desirable 5 504 39.7 39.7 [Q5_A] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: The solidarity between EU countries citizens has become stronger There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: The solidarity between EU countries citizens has become stronger Strongly agree 1 151 11.9 11.9 Agree to some extent 2 649 51.1 51.1 Hard to say 3 145 11.4 11.4 Disagree 4 263 20.7 20.7 Strongly disagree 5 63 5.0 5.0 [Q5_B] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: The euro has become a strong rival to the dollar as a global currency There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: The euro has become a strong rival to the dollar as a global currency 33
2. Variables Strongly agree 1 324 25.5 25.5 Agree to some extent 2 637 50.1 50.1 Hard to say 3 155 12.2 12.2 Disagree 4 135 10.6 10.6 Strongly disagree 5 20 1.6 1.6 [Q5_C] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: The EU has become comparable to the U.S. as a global player There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: The EU has become comparable to the U.S. as a global player Strongly agree 1 95 7.5 7.5 Agree to some extent 2 395 31.1 31.1 Hard to say 3 296 23.3 23.3 Disagree 4 407 32.0 32.0 Strongly disagree 5 78 6.1 6.1 [Q5_D] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: The EU s development towards a federal state has progressed There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: The EU s development towards a federal state has progressed 34
Q5_F Strongly agree 1 96 7.6 7.6 Agree to some extent 2 514 40.4 40.4 Hard to say 3 436 34.3 34.3 Disagree 4 199 15.7 15.7 Strongly disagree 5 26 2.0 2.0 [Q5_E] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Economic ties between the EU countries have increased There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Economic ties between the EU countries have increased Strongly agree 1 206 16.2 16.2 Agree to some extent 2 656 51.6 51.6 Hard to say 3 331 26.0 26.0 Disagree 4 71 5.6 5.6 Strongly disagree 5 7 0.6 0.6 [Q5_F] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Economic policies in the EU countries have become more unified/integrated There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Economic policies in the EU countries have become more unified/integrated Strongly agree 1 79 6.2 6.2 Agree to some extent 2 583 45.9 45.9 (continued on next page) 35
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Hard to say 3 337 26.5 26.5 Disagree 4 238 18.7 18.7 Strongly disagree 5 34 2.7 2.7 [Q5_G] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: EU has become divided into upstairs and downstairs folks There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: EU has become divided into upstairs and downstairs folks Strongly agree 1 292 23.0 23.0 Agree to some extent 2 605 47.6 47.6 Hard to say 3 272 21.4 21.4 Disagree 4 95 7.5 7.5 Strongly disagree 5 7 0.6 0.6 [Q5_H] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Finland s influence in the EU/weight in Europe has increased There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Finland s influence in the EU/weight in Europe has increased Strongly agree 1 46 3.6 3.6 Agree to some extent 2 397 31.2 31.2 (continued on next page) 36
Q5_J (cont. from previous page) Hard to say 3 326 25.6 25.6 Disagree 4 406 31.9 31.9 Strongly disagree 5 96 7.6 7.6 [Q5_I] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Euro area has reached a dead end that will be expensive to get out of There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Euro area has reached a dead end that will be expensive to get out of Strongly agree 1 305 24.0 24.0 Agree to some extent 2 474 37.3 37.3 Hard to say 3 362 28.5 28.5 Disagree 4 112 8.8 8.8 Strongly disagree 5 18 1.4 1.4 [Q5_J] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Interest rates have remained low and price increases/inflation moderate There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Interest rates have remained low and price increases/inflation moderate Strongly agree 1 390 30.7 30.7 Agree to some extent 2 472 37.1 37.1 (continued on next page) 37
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Hard to say 3 268 21.1 21.1 Disagree 4 99 7.8 7.8 Strongly disagree 5 42 3.3 3.3 [Q5_K] There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Finland s position and influence in the world has improved There are different views on the consequences of the implementation of the euro. Do you agree or disagree: Finland s position and influence in the world has improved Strongly agree 1 87 6.8 6.8 Agree to some extent 2 371 29.2 29.2 Hard to say 3 374 29.4 29.4 Disagree 4 351 27.6 27.6 Strongly disagree 5 88 6.9 6.9 [Q6_A] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Tells openly about its objectives and activities People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Tells openly about its objectives and activities Characterises very well 1 98 7.7 7.7 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 584 45.9 45.9 (continued on next page) 38
Q6_C (cont. from previous page) Does not characterise very well 3 505 39.7 39.7 Cannot say 1004 84 6.6 6.6 [Q6_B] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Enhances the preservation of peace in Europe People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Enhances the preservation of peace in Europe Characterises very well 1 635 50.0 50.0 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 471 37.1 37.1 Does not characterise very well 3 95 7.5 7.5 Cannot say 1004 70 5.5 5.5 [Q6_C] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Takes environmental protection seriously People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Takes environmental protection seriously Characterises very well 1 316 24.9 24.9 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 696 54.8 54.8 Does not characterise very well 3 180 14.2 14.2 Cannot say 1004 79 6.2 6.2 39
2. Variables [Q6_D] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Democratic People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Democratic Characterises very well 1 195 15.3 15.3 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 625 49.2 49.2 Does not characterise very well 3 354 27.9 27.9 Cannot say 1004 97 7.6 7.6 [Q6_E] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Keeps things secret People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Keeps things secret Characterises very well 1 331 26.0 26.0 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 573 45.1 45.1 Does not characterise very well 3 243 19.1 19.1 Cannot say 1004 124 9.8 9.8 [Q6_F] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Diminishes disparity in welfare and living standards in Europe People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Diminishes disparity in welfare and living standards in Europe 40
Q6_H Characterises very well 1 185 14.6 14.6 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 580 45.6 45.6 Does not characterise very well 3 406 31.9 31.9 Cannot say 1004 100 7.9 7.9 [Q6_G] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Strong countries dictate its policies too much People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Strong countries dictate its policies too much Characterises very well 1 672 52.9 52.9 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 440 34.6 34.6 Does not characterise very well 3 90 7.1 7.1 Cannot say 1004 69 5.4 5.4 [Q6_H] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: EU is necessary to prevent Germany from gaining supremacy People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: EU is necessary to prevent Germany from gaining supremacy Characterises very well 1 205 16.1 16.1 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 434 34.1 34.1 (continued on next page) 41
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Does not characterise very well 3 412 32.4 32.4 Cannot say 1004 220 17.3 17.3 [Q6_I] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Overemphasises economic values, neglects social ones People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Overemphasises economic values, neglects social ones Characterises very well 1 404 31.8 31.8 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 554 43.6 43.6 Does not characterise very well 3 174 13.7 13.7 Cannot say 1004 139 10.9 10.9 [Q6_J] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Bureaucratic People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Bureaucratic Characterises very well 1 952 74.9 74.9 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 191 15.0 15.0 Does not characterise very well 3 44 3.5 3.5 Cannot say 1004 84 6.6 6.6 42
Q6_M [Q6_K] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Threatens the national existence of small countries People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Threatens the national existence of small countries Characterises very well 1 386 30.4 30.4 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 416 32.7 32.7 Does not characterise very well 3 364 28.6 28.6 Cannot say 1004 105 8.3 8.3 [Q6_L] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Is today s Soviet Union, a utopia destined to fail People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Is today s Soviet Union, a utopia destined to fail Characterises very well 1 194 15.3 15.3 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 316 24.9 24.9 Does not characterise very well 3 574 45.2 45.2 Cannot say 1004 187 14.7 14.7 [Q6_M] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Functions well only when the economy is strong, disunited during economically difficult times People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Functions well only when the economy is strong, disunited during economically difficult 43
2. Variables times Characterises very well 1 392 30.8 30.8 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 558 43.9 43.9 Does not characterise very well 3 190 14.9 14.9 Cannot say 1004 131 10.3 10.3 [Q6_N] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Consolidates the position of Europe in global competition People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Consolidates the position of Europe in global competition Characterises very well 1 536 42.2 42.2 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 551 43.4 43.4 Does not characterise very well 3 111 8.7 8.7 Cannot say 1004 73 5.7 5.7 [Q6_O] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Steadfast defender of Western civilisation and values People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Steadfast defender of Western civilisation and values 44
Q6_Q Characterises very well 1 377 29.7 29.7 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 565 44.5 44.5 Does not characterise very well 3 219 17.2 17.2 Cannot say 1004 110 8.7 8.7 [Q6_P] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Enriches Finnish everyday life (food, culture, fashion, art) People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Enriches Finnish everyday life (food, culture, fashion, art) Characterises very well 1 282 22.2 22.2 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 491 38.6 38.6 Does not characterise very well 3 386 30.4 30.4 Cannot say 1004 112 8.8 8.8 [Q6_Q] People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Erodes national cultures People have different views on the EU. How well do you think the following characterises the EU: Erodes national cultures Characterises very well 1 228 17.9 17.9 On one hand characterises, on the other does not 2 423 33.3 33.3 Does not characterise very well 3 480 37.8 37.8 Cannot say 1004 140 11.0 11.0 45
2. Variables [Q7A] What is your present attitude towards Finland s EU membership? What is your present attitude towards Finland s EU membership? Very positive 1 271 21.3 21.3 Fairly positive 2 435 34.2 34.2 Neutral 3 294 23.1 23.1 Fairly negative 4 170 13.4 13.4 Very negative 5 88 6.9 6.9 Cannot say 104 13 1.0 1.0 [Q7B] And what is your attitude towards the fact that our currency was changed from the Finnish mark to euro? And what is your attitude towards the fact that our currency was changed from the Finnish mark to euro? Very positive 1 355 27.9 27.9 Fairly positive 2 347 27.3 27.3 Neutral 3 219 17.2 17.2 Fairly negative 4 197 15.5 15.5 Very negative 5 140 11.0 11.0 Cannot say 104 13 1.0 1.0 [Q7C] Do you think that the euro and the EMU membership are an advantage or disadvantage to Finland in the current economic situation? Do you think that the euro and the EMU membership are an advantage or disadvantage to Finland in the current economic situation? 46
Q7E A great advantage 1 227 17.9 17.9 An advantage to some extent 2 409 32.2 32.2 Neither an advantage nor disadvantage 3 136 10.7 10.7 A disadvantage to some extent 4 215 16.9 16.9 A great disadvantage 5 151 11.9 11.9 Cannot say 104 133 10.5 10.5 [Q7D] Has your attitude towards the EU become more favourable or critical in recent years? Has your attitude towards the EU become more favourable or critical in recent years? Has become much more favourable 1 45 3.5 3.5 Has become somewhat more favourable 2 180 14.2 14.2 There has been no change 3 489 38.5 38.5 Has become somewhat more critical 4 365 28.7 28.7 Has become much more critical 5 176 13.8 13.8 Cannot say 104 16 1.3 1.3 [Q7E] How do you see Finland s stance on supporting euro countries that are in financial difficulties? How do you see Finland s stance on supporting euro countries that are in financial difficulties? Finland s stance has been much too negative 1 21 1.7 1.7 Finland s stance has been a bit too negative 2 105 8.3 8.3 (continued on next page) 47
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Finland has taken an appropriate stance 3 420 33.0 33.0 Finland s stance has been a bit too accommodating 4 329 25.9 25.9 Finland s stance has been much too accomodating 5 351 27.6 27.6 Cannot say 104 45 3.5 3.5 [Q7F] If the referendum on Finland s EU membership were held now, would you be in favour of the membership or against it? If the referendum on Finland s EU membership were held now, would you be in favour of the membership or against it? In favour 1 667 52.5 52.5 Against 2 437 34.4 34.4 Cannot say 104 167 13.1 13.1 [T1] The respondent s gender The respondent s gender Male 1 701 55.2 55.2 Female 2 570 44.8 44.8 [T2] The respondent s age group The respondent s age group 48
T4 18-25 years 1 110 8.7 8.7 26-35 years 2 180 14.2 14.2 36-45 years 3 233 18.3 18.3 46-55 years 4 295 23.2 23.2 56-65 years 5 326 25.6 25.6 Over 65 years 6 127 10.0 10.0 [T3] Number of inhabitants in the respondent s municipality of residence Number of inhabitants in the respondent s municipality of residence Less than 4 000 inhabitants 1 61 4.8 4.8 4 000-8 000 inhabitants 2 96 7.6 7.6 8 001-30 000 inhabitants 3 304 23.9 23.9 30 001-80 000 inhabitants 4 268 21.1 21.1 More than 80 000 inhabitants 5 542 42.6 42.6 [T4] The respondent s basic education The respondent s basic education Primary education 1 112 8.8 8.8 Lower secondary education 2 487 38.3 38.3 Upper secondary education (matriculation examination) 3 672 52.9 52.9 49