FSD1322. Welfare Survey Codebook

FSD1322 Welfare Survey 1998 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

c Finnish Social Science Data Archive, 2004 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Welfare Survey 1998 [codebook]. Tampere : Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2010. This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (16.4.2004) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. FSD Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE tel. +358 3 3551 8519 fax +358 3 3551 8520 email: fsd@uta.fi URI: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/english/ Typeset by L A TEX $ Koodikirjoitin.py v26 @ 2010-02-08 10:37:50.179000 $

To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD1322 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive). The source must be acknowledged in any publication based wholly or in part on the data. The bibliographic citation may be in the form required by the publication, or in the form suggested by the archive. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Welfare Survey 1998 [computer file]. FSD1322, version 1.0 (2004-04-16). Turku: Social Insurance Institution of Finland & Turku: University of Turku. Department of Social Policy [producers]. Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], 2004. The depositor and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data. The archive must be informed of all publications where the data have been used. The beginning of the codebook contains information on data content, structure and collection, and includes a list of publications where the data have been used. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percents (%), and valid percents (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "missing data (SYSMIS)" refers to a missing observation whereas "missing data" refers to, for example, user missing data. In some cases users of the data have to consider whether it is best to code also other values as missing data (eg. don t want to say or can t say ). This codebook has been produced automatically with Python, L A TEXand dvipdfm software. Source files include data description files in DDI format, and SPSS files.

Contents 1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles....................................... 1 1.2 Subject description................................ 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data........................ 3 1.4 Use of data.................................... 4 2 Variables 5 3 Indexes 91 3.1 Variables in the order of occurance........................ 91 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order.......................... 99 A naires in Finnish 107 i

Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Title of the study: Welfare Survey 1998 Title of the study in Finnish: Hyvinvointi 1998 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (16.4.2004) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. 1.2 Subject description Extent of collection Data: SPSS portable file. Data available also in other file formats. Other material naire: pdf file in Finnish Authoring entity Social Insurance Institution of Finland University of Turku. Department of Social Policy Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. 1

1. Study description Depositor Ritakallio, Veli-Matti (University of Turku. Department of Social Policy) Date deposited 23.2.2004 Keywords financial circumstances; health; health care services; income; poverty; social security; social security benefits; standard of living; taxes; unemployment; welfare Topic Classification Classification by FSD vocabulary: social policy; social work; sociology; welfare studies Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: social welfare policy Series description The data belong to the series: Welfare Surveys The joint research project of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (KELA) and the Department of Social Policy at the University of Turku focuses on Finnish experiences and opinions on welfare, social policy and social security. The survey series studies respondents (aged between 18 and 74) main economic activity, employment status, health, housing, experiences of unemployment, social benefits and income transfers received, financial circumstances, and standard of living on the whole. Themes covered also include social relations, life events and life control. The surveys are comparable to a large extent. Data collection began in 1995. Abstract The survey charted the spiritual, physical and material welfare of people living in Finland. Respondents evaluated their health and psychosomatic symptoms. They were also asked whether something, such as their health or the size of accommodation, prevented them from having a meaningful life. Opinions on social and health care services, social security, taxes, and unemployment were probed with attitudinal statements which were partly different in questionnaires A and B. In addition, respondents assessed the importance of different objectives of employment policy measures, for example, the prevention of social exclusion. 2

1.3. Structure and collection of the data Perceptions of the level of income support and the amount it should be as well as the household monthly income by income decile and monthly expenses were charted. Respondents also rated the living standard and income of their household. They were asked about saving, borrowing money and credit possibilities. Respondents potential financial difficulties were charted by asking about insecurity caused by different economic factors, problems with paying the bills, frequency of money problems and strategies for solving those problems. People who were married or cohabiting were asked about their spouse s employment status, those who were employed were asked about their employment and those who were unemployed or laid off were asked about reasons and duration of unemployment or layoff. Opinions on the questionnaire and the subject of the survey were charted. Background variables included year of birth, gender, marital status, household composition, municipality, highest level of education, occupation, political party preference and main activity at the time of the survey and during past two years. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographical coverage: Finland Unit of analysis: Person Universe: People aged between 18 and 74 living in Finland Collection date: March 1998 May 1998 Data collector: Social Security Institution of Finland; University of Turku. Department of Social Policy Data producer: Social Insurance Institution of Finland; University of Turku. Department of Social Policy Mode of data collection: Postal survey Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1998 Time method of the data collection: Cross-sectional study Response rate: 68 % Number of variables and cases: The data contain 194 variables and 2821 cases. Sampling procedure: A randomly selected, representative sample of people aged between 18 and 74 living in Finland. The sample of 4200 persons was selected from the population register. Non-response analysis was made by comparing respondents household income by decile to the 1998 Income Distribution Statistics of Statistics Finland. Deciles I-IV were slightly underrepresented and deciles V, VIII and IX were slightly overrepresented. There were hardly any skewness in the data regarding, for example, gender. 3

1. Study description 1.4 Use of data Data appraisal The variable identifying municipality has been removed from the data. The data do not contain answers to the open-ended questions 34, 52 and 62 nor to "Other, what" type of open-ended question categories. In section 36, attitudinal statements 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 are differently formulated in questionnaires A and B. Variable labels in the data are based on those in questionnaire A. Related publications Lindholm, Hanna (2001). Suomalaisen hyvinvoinnin muutokset 1995-2000. Helsinki: Kansaneläkelaitos. Sosiaali- ja terveysturvan tutkimuksia; 63. Marski, Jarmo & Mäensivu, Vesa (1998). Hyvinvoinnin muutossuuntia 1998. Helsinki: Kansaneläkelaitos. Sosiaali- ja terveysturvan katsauksia; 30. Updated list of publications in the study description at http://www.fsd.uta.fi/english/data/catalogue/fsd1322/ Related material The classification of occupations used in the data set: Classification of Occupations 1997, Annex 3. Summary, Handbooks 14. Helsinki : Statistics Finland, 1997. Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions Access to the data granted for scientific and teaching purposes. FSD s access application procedure. Restricted access. 4

Chapter 2 Variables [ID] Case ID Case ID Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2821 minimum 1.00 maximum 2821.00 mean 1411.00 standard deviation 814.50 [LOMAKE] naire type naire type Green B questionnaire 1 1344 47.6 47.6 White A questionnaire 2 1317 46.7 46.7 Swedish A questionnaire 3 160 5.7 5.7 5

2. Variables [Q1] Respondent s year of birth Respondent s year of birth Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2715 minimum 1922.00 maximum 1980.00 mean 1953.15 standard deviation 14.96 [Q2] Respondent s gender Respondent s gender Male 1 1275 45.2 45.5 Female 2 1527 54.1 54.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 19 0.7 [Q3] Respondent s marital status Respondent s marital status Single 1 549 19.5 19.6 Married 2 1546 54.8 55.2 Co-habiting 3 388 13.8 13.9 (continued on next page) 6

Q5_1 (cont. from previous page) Separated or divorced 4 197 7.0 7.0 Widow 5 121 4.3 4.3 missing data (SYSMIS). 20 0.7 [Q4] Respondent s household composition Respondent s household composition One person household 1 579 20.5 21.0 Lone parent 2 87 3.1 3.2 Married/co-habiting, no children 3 538 19.1 19.5 Married/co-habiting with children 4 1342 47.6 48.7 Living with parents 5 136 4.8 4.9 Other, please specify 6 72 2.6 2.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 67 2.4 [Q5_1] Number of household members Number of household members Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2675 minimum 1.00 maximum 9.00 mean 2.57 standard deviation 1.33 7

2. Variables [Q5_2] Number of children aged 0-6 living in the household Number of children aged 0-6 living in the household Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 483 minimum 1.00 maximum 4.00 mean 1.47 standard deviation 0.67 [Q5_3] Number of children aged 7-17 living in the household Number of children aged 7-17 living in the household Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 634 minimum 1.00 maximum 8.00 mean 1.63 standard deviation 0.87 [Q5_4] Number of children aged over 17 living in the household Number of children aged over 17 living in the household Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 412 minimum 1.00 (continued on next page) 8

Q8 (cont. from previous page) statistic value maximum 4.00 mean 1.22 standard deviation 0.46 [Q7] Number of years respondent has lived in the present municipality of residence Number of years respondent has lived in the present municipality of residence Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2774 minimum 1.00 maximum 75.00 mean 25.60 standard deviation 18.54 [Q8] Respondent s highest level of education Respondent s highest level of education Primary or lower secondary education 1 852 30.2 30.5 Vocational course, completed apprenticeship etc. 2 199 7.1 7.1 Vocational school 3 486 17.2 17.4 Upper seconday education 4 914 32.4 32.7 Academic degree 5 342 12.1 12.2 missing data (SYSMIS). 28 1.0 9

2. Variables [Q9] Respondent s present economic activity Respondent s present economic activity At work full-time 1 1346 47.7 48.0 At work part-time 2 120 4.3 4.3 At work on a government subsidized contract 3 24 0.9 0.9 Unemployed 4 251 8.9 9.0 Laid off 5 10 0.4 0.4 In labour market training for the unemployed 6 22 0.8 0.8 Student or pupil 7 203 7.2 7.2 Homemaker/househusband 8 87 3.1 3.1 Retired 9 611 21.7 21.8 Other, please specify 10 130 4.6 4.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 17 0.6 [Q10_1] In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time Not mentioned 0 1185 42.0 42.0 Mentioned 1 1635 58.0 58.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 1 0.0 [Q10_1_1] In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: years In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: years Descriptive statistics 10

Q10_2_1 statistic value number of valid cases 1280 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.76 standard deviation 0.43 [Q10_1_2] In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: months In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 460 minimum 1.00 maximum 11.00 mean 6.07 standard deviation 2.96 [Q10_2] In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time Not mentioned 0 2588 91.7 91.8 Mentioned 1 230 8.2 8.2 missing data (SYSMIS). 3 0.1 [Q10_2_1] In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: years In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: years Descriptive statistics 11

2. Variables statistic value number of valid cases 106 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.47 standard deviation 0.50 [Q10_2_2] In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: months In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 161 minimum 1.00 maximum 18.00 mean 5.43 standard deviation 3.12 [Q10_3] In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract Not mentioned 0 2735 97.0 97.0 Mentioned 1 86 3.0 3.0 [Q10_3_1] In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: years In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: years 12

Q10_4_1 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 12 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation 0.00 [Q10_3_2] In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: months In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 78 minimum 1.00 maximum 12.00 mean 6.13 standard deviation 2.25 [Q10_4] In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed Not mentioned 0 2402 85.1 85.2 Mentioned 1 418 14.8 14.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 1 0.0 [Q10_4_1] In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: years In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: years 13

2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 213 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.39 standard deviation 0.49 [Q10_4_2] In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: months In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 276 minimum 1.00 maximum 18.00 mean 5.19 standard deviation 3.05 [Q10_5] In the past two years, have you been: Laid off In the past two years, have you been: Laid off Not mentioned 0 2783 98.7 98.7 Mentioned 1 36 1.3 1.3 missing data (SYSMIS). 2 0.1 [Q10_5_1] In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: years In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: years 14

Q10_6_1 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.25 standard deviation 0.46 [Q10_5_2] In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: months In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 32 minimum 1.00 maximum 11.00 mean 3.47 standard deviation 2.79 [Q10_6] In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course) In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course) Not mentioned 0 2739 97.1 97.1 Mentioned 1 81 2.9 2.9 missing data (SYSMIS). 1 0.0 [Q10_6_1] In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): years In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): years 15

2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 7 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.14 standard deviation 0.38 [Q10_6_2] In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): months In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 80 minimum 1.00 maximum 12.00 mean 4.89 standard deviation 2.93 [Q10_7] In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil Not mentioned 0 2481 87.9 88.0 Mentioned 1 339 12.0 12.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 1 0.0 [Q10_7_1] In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: years In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: years 16

Q10_8_1 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 243 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.51 standard deviation 0.50 [Q10_7_2] In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: months In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 180 minimum 1.00 maximum 19.00 mean 6.13 standard deviation 3.10 [Q10_8] In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband Not mentioned 0 2679 95.0 95.0 Mentioned 1 141 5.0 5.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 1 0.0 [Q10_8_1] In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: years In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: years 17

2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 93 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.49 standard deviation 0.50 [Q10_8_2] In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: months In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 66 minimum 1.00 maximum 12.00 mean 6.00 standard deviation 2.69 [Q10_9] In the past two years, have you been: Retired In the past two years, have you been: Retired Not mentioned 0 2258 80.0 80.0 Mentioned 1 563 20.0 20.0 [Q10_9_1] In the past two years, have you been: Retired: years In the past two years, have you been: Retired: years 18

Q10_10_1 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 356 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.91 standard deviation 0.28 [Q10_9_2] In the past two years, have you been: Retired: months In the past two years, have you been: Retired: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 46 minimum 1.00 maximum 11.00 mean 6.26 standard deviation 2.59 [Q10_10] In the past two years, have you been: Something else In the past two years, have you been: Something else Not mentioned 0 2624 93.0 93.0 Mentioned 1 197 7.0 7.0 [Q10_10_1] In the past two years, have you been:something else: years In the past two years, have you been:something else: years 19

2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 85 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.51 standard deviation 0.50 [Q10_10_2] In the past two years, have you been: Something else: months In the past two years, have you been: Something else: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 116 minimum 1.00 maximum 11.00 mean 6.63 standard deviation 3.09 [Q11] Respondent s present occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) Respondent s present occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) Armed forces 0 0 0.0 0.0 Legislators, senior officials and managers 1 0 0.0 0.0 Professionals 2 0 0.0 0.0 Technicians and associate professionals 3 0 0.0 0.0 Clerks 4 0 0.0 0.0 Service and care workers+shop and market sales 5 0 0.0 0.0 workers Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 6 0 0.0 0.0 (continued on next page) 20

Q11 (cont. from previous page) Craft and related trades workers 7 0 0.0 0.0 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 8 0 0.0 0.0 Elementary occupations 9 0 0.0 0.0 Legislators and senior officials 11 0 0.0 0.0 Corporate managers 12 0 0.0 0.0 Managers of small enterprises 13 0 0.0 0.0 Physical, mathematical and engin. science professionals 21 0 0.0 0.0 Life science and health professionals 22 0 0.0 0.0 Teaching professionals 23 0 0.0 0.0 Other professionals 24 0 0.0 0.0 Physical and engineering science associate professionals 31 0 0.0 0.0 Life science and health associate professionals 32 0 0.0 0.0 Traffic instructors and other teaching associate prof. 33 0 0.0 0.0 Other associate professionals 34 0 0.0 0.0 Office clerks 41 0 0.0 0.0 Customer services clerks 42 0 0.0 0.0 Personal and protective services workers 51 0 0.0 0.0 Models, salespersons and demonstrators 52 0 0.0 0.0 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 61 0 0.0 0.0 Extraction and building trades workers 71 0 0.0 0.0 Metal, machinery and related trades workers 72 0 0.0 0.0 Precision, handicraft, craft print.+rel. trades workers 73 0 0.0 0.0 Other craft and related trades workers 74 0 0.0 0.0 Stationary plant and related operators 81 0 0.0 0.0 Machine operators and assemblers 82 0 0.0 0.0 Drivers and related water traffic operators 83 0 0.0 0.0 Sales and services elementary occupations 91 0 0.0 0.0 Agricultural, fishery and related labourers 92 0 0.0 0.0 Labourers in manufacturing and construction 93 0 0.0 0.0 Legislators and senior government officers 111 3 0.1 0.1 Senior officials: special-interest organisations 114 0 0.0 0.0 Directors and chief executives 121 23 0.8 1.1 Production and operations managers 122 16 0.6 0.8 Other specialist managers 123 111 3.9 5.3 Managers of small enterprises 131 5 0.2 0.2 Physicists, chemists and related professionals 211 3 0.1 0.1 Mathematicians, statisticians and related professionals 212 0 0.0 0.0 Computing professionals 213 17 0.6 0.8 Architects and engineering science professionals 214 35 1.2 1.7 Life science professionals 221 2 0.1 0.1 (continued on next page) 21

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Health professionals, except nursing 222 37 1.3 1.8 Matrons and ward sisters 223 78 2.8 3.7 College, university and higher education teaching 231 7 0.2 0.3 prof. Secondary education teaching professionals 232 73 2.6 3.5 Primary and pre-primary education teaching prof. 233 26 0.9 1.2 Special education teaching professionals 234 0 0.0 0.0 Other teaching professionals 235 0 0.0 0.0 Business professionals 241 5 0.2 0.2 Legal professionals 242 9 0.3 0.4 Archivists, librarians and related information prof. 243 4 0.1 0.2 Social science and related professionals 244 43 1.5 2.1 Writers and creative or performing artists 245 12 0.4 0.6 Parish clergy and other religious professionals 246 2 0.1 0.1 Public service administrative professionals 247 5 0.2 0.2 Physical, chemical and engineering science technicians 311 46 1.6 2.2 Computer associate professionals 312 10 0.4 0.5 Optical and electronic equipment operators 313 3 0.1 0.1 Ship, aircraft and harbour traffic controllers and 314 2 0.1 0.1 techn. Safety and quality inspectors 315 2 0.1 0.1 Life science technicians and related associate prof. 321 11 0.4 0.5 Health associate professionals, except nursing 322 8 0.3 0.4 Nursing and related associate professionals 323 72 2.6 3.4 Traffic instructors and other teaching associate prof. 334 1 0.0 0.0 Finance and sales associate professionals 341 52 1.8 2.5 Business services agents and trade brokers 342 6 0.2 0.3 Administrative associate professionals 343 36 1.3 1.7 Customs insp+frontier+coast guards+gov.tax off.+ 344 8 0.3 0.4 rap Police inspectors and detectives 345 4 0.1 0.2 Social instructors and related associate professionals 346 1 0.0 0.0 Artistic, entertainment and sports associate professionals 347 3 0.1 0.1 Religious associate professionals 348 2 0.1 0.1 Secretaries and keyboard-operating clerks 411 140 5.0 6.7 Payroll accounting and insurance clerks 412 2 0.1 0.1 Material-recording and transport clerks 413 9 0.3 0.4 Library, mail and related clerks 414 24 0.9 1.1 Other office clerks 419 0 0.0 0.0 Cashiers, tellers and related clerks 421 30 1.1 1.4 Client information clerks 422 8 0.3 0.4 (continued on next page) 22

Q11 (cont. from previous page) Travel attendants and related workers 511 10 0.4 0.5 Housekeeping and restaurant services workers 512 61 2.2 2.9 Practical nurses, childminders and home care assistants 513 69 2.4 3.3 Other personal services workers 514 10 0.4 0.5 Protective services workers 516 11 0.4 0.5 Fashion and other models 521 0 0.0 0.0 Shop, stall and market salespersons and demonstrators 522 141 5.0 6.8 Market gardeners and crop growers 611 126 4.5 6.0 Animal producers and related workers 612 15 0.5 0.7 Crop and animal producers and workers 613 0 0.0 0.0 Forestry and related workers 614 13 0.5 0.6 Fishery workers, hunters and trappers 615 3 0.1 0.1 Miners, shotfirers, stone cutters and carvers 711 8 0.3 0.4 Building frame and related trades workers 712 75 2.7 3.6 Building finishers and related trades workers 713 9 0.3 0.4 Painters+building struct. cleaners and rel. trades 714 10 0.4 0.5 workers Metal moulders, sheet-metal workers and rel.trades 721 30 1.1 1.4 workers Blacksmiths, tool-makers and related trades workers 722 25 0.9 1.2 Machinery mechanics and fitters 723 47 1.7 2.3 Electrical, electronic and telecomm. equip. 724 32 1.1 1.5 mech.+fitters Precision workers in metal and related materials 731 4 0.1 0.2 Potters, glass-makers and related trades workers 732 2 0.1 0.1 Handicraft workers in wood, textile, leather and rel. 733 1 0.0 0.0 mat. Craft printing and related trades workers 734 13 0.5 0.6 Food processing and related trades workers 741 8 0.3 0.4 Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related trades 742 0 0.0 0.0 workers Textile, garment and related trades workers 743 0 0.0 0.0 Pelt, leather and shoemaking trades workers 744 4 0.1 0.2 Mining and mineral-processing-plant operators 811 2 0.1 0.1 Metal-processing plant operators 812 6 0.2 0.3 Glass, ceramics and related plant operators 813 2 0.1 0.1 Wood-processing- and papermaking-plant operators 814 6 0.2 0.3 Chemical-processing-plant operators 815 1 0.0 0.0 Power-production and related plant operators 816 3 0.1 0.1 Industrial robot operators 817 1 0.0 0.0 Metal- and mineral-products machine operators 821 1 0.0 0.0 (continued on next page) 23

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Chemical-products machine operators 822 2 0.1 0.1 Rubber- and plastic-products machine operators 823 4 0.1 0.2 Wood-products machine operators 824 5 0.2 0.2 Printing-, binding- and paper-products machine oper. 825 1 0.0 0.0 Textile-, fur- and leather-products machine operators 826 38 1.3 1.8 Food and tobacco products machine operators 827 4 0.1 0.2 Assemblers 828 30 1.1 1.4 Other machine operators nor elsewhere classified 829 3 0.1 0.1 Locomotive engine drivers and related workers 831 4 0.1 0.2 Motor vehicle drivers 832 74 2.6 3.5 Mobile-plant operators 833 1 0.0 0.0 Ships deck and engine crews and related workers 834 0 0.0 0.0 Street vendors and related workers 911 0 0.0 0.0 Shoe cleaning and other street services elementary occup. 912 0 0.0 0.0 Hospital, domestic, kitchen and related helpers, cleaners 913 79 2.8 3.8 Building caretakers, window and related cleaners 914 35 1.2 1.7 Messengers, doorkeepers and related workers 915 7 0.2 0.3 Garbage collectors and related labourers 916 1 0.0 0.0 Agricultural, fishery and related labourers 921 3 0.1 0.1 Mining and construction labourers 931 17 0.6 0.8 Manufacturing labourers 932 19 0.7 0.9 Transport labourers and freight handlers 933 16 0.6 0.8 Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers 7441 0 0.0 0.0 Shoe-makers and related workers 7442 0 0.0 0.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 733 26.0 [Q12] Respondent s employment status (now/previously) Respondent s employment status (now/previously) Employee 1 2135 75.7 79.7 Large or small employer, own-account worker 2 196 6.9 7.3 Farmer 3 122 4.3 4.6 (continued on next page) 24

Q14 (cont. from previous page) Contributing family member on a farm 4 25 0.9 0.9 Contributing family member in an enterprise 5 13 0.5 0.5 None of the above 6 187 6.6 7.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 143 5.1 [Q13] Spouse s/partner s present economic activity Spouse s/partner s present economic activity At work full-time 1 1070 37.9 55.6 At work part-time 2 83 2.9 4.3 Unemployed 3 160 5.7 8.3 Laid off 4 12 0.4 0.6 Retired 5 410 14.5 21.3 Student 6 59 2.1 3.1 Homemaker/househusband 7 51 1.8 2.6 Other, please specify 8 80 2.8 4.2 missing data (SYSMIS). 896 31.8 [Q14] Spouse s/partner s employment status (now/previously) Spouse s/partner s employment status (now/previously) Employee 1 1316 46.7 79.5 Large or small employer, own-account worker 2 145 5.1 8.8 Farmer 3 84 3.0 5.1 Contributing family member on a farm 4 13 0.5 0.8 (continued on next page) 25

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Contributing family member in an enterprise 5 8 0.3 0.5 None of the above 6 90 3.2 5.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 1165 41.3 [Q15] Spouse s/partner s occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) Spouse s/partner s occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) Armed forces 0 0 0.0 0.0 Legislators, senior officials and managers 1 0 0.0 0.0 Professionals 2 0 0.0 0.0 Technicians and associate professionals 3 0 0.0 0.0 Clerks 4 0 0.0 0.0 Service and care workers+shop and market sales 5 0 0.0 0.0 workers Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 6 0 0.0 0.0 Craft and related trades workers 7 0 0.0 0.0 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 8 0 0.0 0.0 Elementary occupations 9 0 0.0 0.0 Legislators and senior officials 11 0 0.0 0.0 Corporate managers 12 0 0.0 0.0 Managers of small enterprises 13 0 0.0 0.0 Physical, mathematical and engin. science professionals 21 0 0.0 0.0 Life science and health professionals 22 0 0.0 0.0 Teaching professionals 23 0 0.0 0.0 Other professionals 24 0 0.0 0.0 Physical and engineering science associate professionals 31 0 0.0 0.0 Life science and health associate professionals 32 0 0.0 0.0 Traffic instructors and other teaching associate prof. 33 0 0.0 0.0 Other associate professionals 34 0 0.0 0.0 Office clerks 41 0 0.0 0.0 Customer services clerks 42 0 0.0 0.0 (continued on next page) 26

Q15 (cont. from previous page) Personal and protective services workers 51 0 0.0 0.0 Models, salespersons and demonstrators 52 0 0.0 0.0 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 61 0 0.0 0.0 Extraction and building trades workers 71 0 0.0 0.0 Metal, machinery and related trades workers 72 0 0.0 0.0 Precision, handicraft, craft print.+rel. trades workers 73 0 0.0 0.0 Other craft and related trades workers 74 0 0.0 0.0 Stationary plant and related operators 81 0 0.0 0.0 Machine operators and assemblers 82 0 0.0 0.0 Drivers and related water traffic operators 83 0 0.0 0.0 Sales and services elementary occupations 91 0 0.0 0.0 Agricultural, fishery and related labourers 92 0 0.0 0.0 Labourers in manufacturing and construction 93 0 0.0 0.0 Legislators and senior government officers 111 4 0.1 0.3 Senior officials: special-interest organisations 114 0 0.0 0.0 Directors and chief executives 121 21 0.7 1.4 Production and operations managers 122 11 0.4 0.7 Other specialist managers 123 62 2.2 4.2 Managers of small enterprises 131 4 0.1 0.3 Physicists, chemists and related professionals 211 4 0.1 0.3 Mathematicians, statisticians and related professionals 212 1 0.0 0.1 Computing professionals 213 10 0.4 0.7 Architects and engineering science professionals 214 46 1.6 3.1 Life science professionals 221 3 0.1 0.2 Health professionals, except nursing 222 23 0.8 1.6 Matrons and ward sisters 223 54 1.9 3.7 College, university and higher education teaching 231 8 0.3 0.5 prof. Secondary education teaching professionals 232 61 2.2 4.1 Primary and pre-primary education teaching prof. 233 22 0.8 1.5 Special education teaching professionals 234 0 0.0 0.0 Other teaching professionals 235 1 0.0 0.1 Business professionals 241 1 0.0 0.1 Legal professionals 242 3 0.1 0.2 Archivists, librarians and related information prof. 243 0 0.0 0.0 Social science and related professionals 244 27 1.0 1.8 Writers and creative or performing artists 245 9 0.3 0.6 Parish clergy and other religious professionals 246 3 0.1 0.2 Public service administrative professionals 247 1 0.0 0.1 Physical, chemical and engineering science technicians 311 25 0.9 1.7 Computer associate professionals 312 9 0.3 0.6 (continued on next page) 27

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Optical and electronic equipment operators 313 1 0.0 0.1 Ship, aircraft and harbour traffic controllers and 314 3 0.1 0.2 techn. Safety and quality inspectors 315 0 0.0 0.0 Life science technicians and related associate prof. 321 9 0.3 0.6 Health associate professionals, except nursing 322 14 0.5 0.9 Nursing and related associate professionals 323 53 1.9 3.6 Traffic instructors and other teaching associate prof. 334 1 0.0 0.1 Finance and sales associate professionals 341 35 1.2 2.4 Business services agents and trade brokers 342 1 0.0 0.1 Administrative associate professionals 343 8 0.3 0.5 Customs insp+frontier+coast guards+gov.tax off.+ 344 6 0.2 0.4 rap Police inspectors and detectives 345 2 0.1 0.1 Social instructors and related associate professionals 346 2 0.1 0.1 Artistic, entertainment and sports associate professionals 347 6 0.2 0.4 Religious associate professionals 348 1 0.0 0.1 Secretaries and keyboard-operating clerks 411 100 3.5 6.8 Payroll accounting and insurance clerks 412 6 0.2 0.4 Material-recording and transport clerks 413 9 0.3 0.6 Library, mail and related clerks 414 20 0.7 1.4 Other office clerks 419 0 0.0 0.0 Cashiers, tellers and related clerks 421 16 0.6 1.1 Client information clerks 422 3 0.1 0.2 Travel attendants and related workers 511 4 0.1 0.3 Housekeeping and restaurant services workers 512 48 1.7 3.2 Practical nurses, childminders and home care assistants 513 46 1.6 3.1 Other personal services workers 514 3 0.1 0.2 Protective services workers 516 18 0.6 1.2 Fashion and other models 521 1 0.0 0.1 Shop, stall and market salespersons and demonstrators 522 87 3.1 5.9 Market gardeners and crop growers 611 87 3.1 5.9 Animal producers and related workers 612 7 0.2 0.5 Crop and animal producers and workers 613 0 0.0 0.0 Forestry and related workers 614 9 0.3 0.6 Fishery workers, hunters and trappers 615 3 0.1 0.2 Miners, shotfirers, stone cutters and carvers 711 1 0.0 0.1 Building frame and related trades workers 712 57 2.0 3.9 Building finishers and related trades workers 713 9 0.3 0.6 (continued on next page) 28

Q15 (cont. from previous page) Painters+building struct. cleaners and rel. trades 714 6 0.2 0.4 workers Metal moulders, sheet-metal workers and rel.trades 721 25 0.9 1.7 workers Blacksmiths, tool-makers and related trades workers 722 17 0.6 1.2 Machinery mechanics and fitters 723 39 1.4 2.6 Electrical, electronic and telecomm. equip. 724 31 1.1 2.1 mech.+fitters Precision workers in metal and related materials 731 2 0.1 0.1 Potters, glass-makers and related trades workers 732 0 0.0 0.0 Handicraft workers in wood, textile, leather and rel. 733 0 0.0 0.0 mat. Craft printing and related trades workers 734 11 0.4 0.7 Food processing and related trades workers 741 6 0.2 0.4 Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related trades 742 0 0.0 0.0 workers Textile, garment and related trades workers 743 1 0.0 0.1 Pelt, leather and shoemaking trades workers 744 1 0.0 0.1 Mining and mineral-processing-plant operators 811 2 0.1 0.1 Metal-processing plant operators 812 6 0.2 0.4 Glass, ceramics and related plant operators 813 0 0.0 0.0 Wood-processing- and papermaking-plant operators 814 6 0.2 0.4 Chemical-processing-plant operators 815 1 0.0 0.1 Power-production and related plant operators 816 2 0.1 0.1 Industrial robot operators 817 0 0.0 0.0 Metal- and mineral-products machine operators 821 2 0.1 0.1 Chemical-products machine operators 822 2 0.1 0.1 Rubber- and plastic-products machine operators 823 3 0.1 0.2 Wood-products machine operators 824 1 0.0 0.1 Printing-, binding- and paper-products machine oper. 825 1 0.0 0.1 Textile-, fur- and leather-products machine operators 826 16 0.6 1.1 Food and tobacco products machine operators 827 7 0.2 0.5 Assemblers 828 16 0.6 1.1 Other machine operators nor elsewhere classified 829 1 0.0 0.1 Locomotive engine drivers and related workers 831 3 0.1 0.2 Motor vehicle drivers 832 69 2.4 4.7 Mobile-plant operators 833 1 0.0 0.1 Ships deck and engine crews and related workers 834 2 0.1 0.1 Street vendors and related workers 911 0 0.0 0.0 Shoe cleaning and other street services elementary occup. 912 0 0.0 0.0 Hospital, domestic, kitchen and related helpers, cleaners 913 42 1.5 2.8 (continued on next page) 29

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Building caretakers, window and related cleaners 914 25 0.9 1.7 Messengers, doorkeepers and related workers 915 4 0.1 0.3 Garbage collectors and related labourers 916 0 0.0 0.0 Agricultural, fishery and related labourers 921 2 0.1 0.1 Mining and construction labourers 931 6 0.2 0.4 Manufacturing labourers 932 18 0.6 1.2 Transport labourers and freight handlers 933 12 0.4 0.8 Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers 7441 0 0.0 0.0 Shoe-makers and related workers 7442 0 0.0 0.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 1343 47.6 [Q16] For how long is your spouse s/partner s employment contract valid? For how long is your spouse s/partner s employment contract valid? Partner not working currently 1 476 16.9 28.1 For less than a year 2 151 5.4 8.9 For 1-3 years 3 127 4.5 7.5 For longer than 3 years 4 941 33.4 55.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 1126 39.9 [Q17] Has your spouse/partner been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? Has your spouse/partner been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? No 1 1314 46.6 77.7 (continued on next page) 30

Q19 (cont. from previous page) Yes, once for a brief time (less than 3 months) 2 96 3.4 5.7 Yes, for several short periods (less than 3 months) 3 54 1.9 3.2 Yes, once for a longer time (more than 3 months) 4 97 3.4 5.7 Yes, for several longer periods (more than 3 months) 5 131 4.6 7.7 missing data (SYSMIS). 1129 40.0 [Q18] Respondent s employment sector Respondent s employment sector Private sector 1 943 33.4 62.5 Public sector 2 565 20.0 37.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 1313 46.5 [Q19] How long have you been working with your present job contract (in years)? How long have you been working with your present job contract (in years)? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1469 minimum 1.00 maximum 60.00 mean 11.88 standard deviation 9.85 31

2. Variables [Q20] For how long will your present employment contract be valid? For how long will your present employment contract be valid? For less than a year 1 213 7.6 14.4 For 1-3 years 2 197 7.0 13.3 For longer than 3 years 3 1073 38.0 72.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 1338 47.4 [Q21] If you suddenly became unemployed, would you receive: If you suddenly became unemployed, would you receive: Basic unemployment benefit 1 157 5.6 10.4 Earnings-related unemployment benefit 2 1083 38.4 71.4 Neither 3 113 4.0 7.5 Can t say 4 163 5.8 10.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 1305 46.3 [Q22] Have you been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? Have you been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? No 1 1285 45.6 84.5 (continued on next page) 32

Q24 (cont. from previous page) Yes, once for a brief time (less than 3 months) 2 92 3.3 6.1 Yes, for several short periods (less than 3 months) 3 48 1.7 3.2 Yes, once for a longer time (more than 3 months) 4 66 2.3 4.3 Yes, for several longer periods (more than 3 months) 5 29 1.0 1.9 missing data (SYSMIS). 1301 46.1 [Q23] How long has your present unemployment/lay-off lasted? How long has your present unemployment/lay-off lasted? Less than six months 1 91 3.2 30.5 More than six months, but less than a year 2 48 1.7 16.1 Over a year, but less than two years 3 47 1.7 15.8 Over two years 4 112 4.0 37.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 2523 89.4 [Q24] Have you been unemployed or laid off before in the past two years? Have you been unemployed or laid off before in the past two years? No, this is the first time 1 102 3.6 38.9 Yes, once for a brief time (less than 3 months) 2 20 0.7 7.6 Yes, for several short periods (less than 3 months) 3 21 0.7 8.0 Yes, once for a longer time (more than 3 months) 4 50 1.8 19.1 Yes, for several longer periods (more than 3 months) 5 69 2.4 26.3 missing data (SYSMIS). 2559 90.7 33

2. Variables [Q25] Primary reason for present unemployment Primary reason for present unemployment Employer gave you notice 1 83 2.9 28.3 Fixed-term employment ended 2 95 3.4 32.4 Own business went bankrupt or was closed down 3 11 0.4 3.8 Couldn t find a permanent job after studies 4 21 0.7 7.2 Employment status worse due to an illness 5 9 0.3 3.1 Own choice to opt out of working life 6 20 0.7 6.8 Other, please specify 7 54 1.9 18.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 2528 89.6 [Q26] How long do you think your present unemployment will last? How long do you think your present unemployment will last? Less than three months 1 44 1.6 15.4 3-6 months 2 52 1.8 18.2 Six months - one year 3 48 1.7 16.8 1-3 years 4 54 1.9 18.9 Don t think I will return to the labour market 5 88 3.1 30.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 2535 89.9 [Q27] Respondent s present state of health Respondent s present state of health 34

Very good 1 539 19.1 19.2 Good 2 1187 42.1 42.3 Fair 3 874 31.0 31.2 Poor 4 176 6.2 6.3 Very poor 5 28 1.0 1.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 17 0.6 Q29 [Q28] Do you have a chronic illness, injury or disability which limits your ability to work or function? Do you have a chronic illness, injury or disability which limits your ability to work or function? No 1 1730 61.3 62.5 Yes, what? 2 1040 36.9 37.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 51 1.8 [Q29] Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? No 1 876 31.1 31.4 Yes 2 1918 68.0 68.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 27 1.0 35

2. Variables [Q29_1] Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? (times) Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? (times) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1879 minimum 1.00 maximum 88.00 mean 3.51 standard deviation 4.07 [Q30] Is there someone with whom you can discuss your difficulties and problems in confidence? Is there someone with whom you can discuss your difficulties and problems in confidence? No 1 306 10.8 11.0 Yes 2 2470 87.6 89.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 45 1.6 [Q31_1] Have you recently suffered from: Over-stress Have you recently suffered from: Over-stress 36

Almost continuously 1 203 7.2 8.6 Sometimes 2 1020 36.2 43.0 Rarely 3 782 27.7 32.9 Never 4 369 13.1 15.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 447 15.8 Q31_3 [Q31_2] Have you recently suffered from: Melancholy Have you recently suffered from: Melancholy Almost continuously 1 115 4.1 4.8 Sometimes 2 870 30.8 36.1 Rarely 3 985 34.9 40.8 Never 4 443 15.7 18.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 408 14.5 [Q31_3] Have you recently suffered from: Nervousness Have you recently suffered from: Nervousness Almost continuously 1 86 3.0 3.6 Sometimes 2 811 28.7 34.2 Rarely 3 1022 36.2 43.1 Never 4 454 16.1 19.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 448 15.9 37

2. Variables [Q31_4] Have you recently suffered from: Weakness or tiredness Have you recently suffered from: Weakness or tiredness Almost continuously 1 264 9.4 10.4 Sometimes 2 1261 44.7 49.8 Rarely 3 758 26.9 29.9 Never 4 248 8.8 9.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 290 10.3 [Q31_5] Have you recently suffered from: Insomnia Have you recently suffered from: Insomnia Almost continuously 1 156 5.5 6.2 Sometimes 2 704 25.0 28.1 Rarely 3 867 30.7 34.6 Never 4 782 27.7 31.2 missing data (SYSMIS). 312 11.1 [Q31_6] Have you recently suffered from: Forgetfulness Have you recently suffered from: Forgetfulness Almost continuously 1 131 4.6 5.3 (continued on next page) 38

Q33_1 (cont. from previous page) Sometimes 2 767 27.2 31.2 Rarely 3 923 32.7 37.5 Never 4 638 22.6 25.9 missing data (SYSMIS). 362 12.8 [Q32] How often does your life seem meaningful and worth living? How often does your life seem meaningful and worth living? Very often 1 1308 46.4 47.1 Fairly often 2 1101 39.0 39.6 Sometimes 3 319 11.3 11.5 Almost never or never 4 49 1.7 1.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 44 1.6 [Q33_1] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: State of health Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: State of health Restircts a great deal 1 211 7.5 8.1 Restricts somewhat 2 649 23.0 24.9 Doesn t restrict at all 3 1647 58.4 63.3 Cant say 4 95 3.4 3.7 missing data (SYSMIS). 219 7.8 39

2. Variables [Q33_2] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Financial circumstances Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Financial circumstances Restircts a great deal 1 430 15.2 16.9 Restricts somewhat 2 1133 40.2 44.6 Doesn t restrict at all 3 919 32.6 36.2 Cant say 4 57 2.0 2.2 missing data (SYSMIS). 282 10.0 [Q33_3] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Location of dwelling Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Location of dwelling Restircts a great deal 1 72 2.6 2.9 Restricts somewhat 2 429 15.2 17.4 Doesn t restrict at all 3 1901 67.4 77.2 Cant say 4 60 2.1 2.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 359 12.7 [Q33_4] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Dwelling amenities and equipment Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Dwelling amenities and equipment 40

Q33_6 Restircts a great deal 1 52 1.8 2.1 Restricts somewhat 2 356 12.6 14.5 Doesn t restrict at all 3 1964 69.6 80.2 Cant say 4 77 2.7 3.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 372 13.2 [Q33_5] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Size of dwellling Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Size of dwellling Restircts a great deal 1 72 2.6 2.9 Restricts somewhat 2 409 14.5 16.7 Doesn t restrict at all 3 1926 68.3 78.5 Cant say 4 48 1.7 2.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 366 13.0 [Q33_6] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Problems with other people Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Problems with other people Restircts a great deal 1 95 3.4 3.9 Restricts somewhat 2 513 18.2 20.9 Doesn t restrict at all 3 1711 60.7 69.7 (continued on next page) 41

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Cant say 4 137 4.9 5.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 365 12.9 [Q33_7] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Opportunities to leisure time activities Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Opportunities to leisure time activities Restircts a great deal 1 123 4.4 5.0 Restricts somewhat 2 587 20.8 23.8 Doesn t restrict at all 3 1657 58.7 67.2 Cant say 4 97 3.4 3.9 missing data (SYSMIS). 357 12.7 [Q33_8] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Workload Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Workload Restircts a great deal 1 230 8.2 9.6 Restricts somewhat 2 908 32.2 37.9 Doesn t restrict at all 3 1125 39.9 47.0 Cant say 4 131 4.6 5.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 427 15.1 42

Q35 [Q33_9] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Radical change in life situation Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Radical change in life situation Restircts a great deal 1 190 6.7 16.4 Restricts somewhat 2 231 8.2 19.9 Doesn t restrict at all 3 562 19.9 48.5 Cant say 4 175 6.2 15.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 1663 59.0 [Q35] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 411 14.6 15.4 Progressive Finnish Party 2 53 1.9 2.0 Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) 3 118 4.2 4.4 Center Party of Finland (KESK) 4 435 15.4 16.3 Christian League of Finland 5 68 2.4 2.6 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 6 488 17.3 18.3 Left Alliance (VAS) 7 140 5.0 5.3 Green League (VIHR) 8 206 7.3 7.7 Wouldn t vote at all 9 612 21.7 23.0 Other, please specify 10 134 4.8 5.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 156 5.5 43

2. Variables [Q36_1] Tax rates should be lowered in Finland, even if it led to cuts in social security Tax rates should be lowered in Finland, even if it led to cuts in social security Strongly agree 1 406 14.4 14.8 Agree 2 884 31.3 32.3 Can t say 3 301 10.7 11.0 Disagree 4 635 22.5 23.2 Strongly disagree 5 513 18.2 18.7 missing data (SYSMIS). 82 2.9 [Q36_2] Income disparities between citizens are too large in Finland Income disparities between citizens are too large in Finland Strongly agree 1 1229 43.6 44.8 Agree 2 842 29.8 30.7 Can t say 3 231 8.2 8.4 Disagree 4 329 11.7 12.0 Strongly disagree 5 113 4.0 4.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 77 2.7 [Q36_3] In my opinion, moonlighting is acceptable In my opinion, moonlighting is acceptable 44

Strongly agree 1 272 9.6 9.9 Agree 2 657 23.3 23.8 Can t say 3 283 10.0 10.3 Disagree 4 514 18.2 18.7 Strongly disagree 5 1029 36.5 37.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 66 2.3 Q36_5 [Q36_4] Cooperation between authorities should be increased to prevent the misuse of social security benefits Cooperation between authorities should be increased to prevent the misuse of social security benefits Strongly agree 1 1394 49.4 50.6 Agree 2 746 26.4 27.1 Can t say 3 304 10.8 11.0 Disagree 4 189 6.7 6.9 Strongly disagree 5 124 4.4 4.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 64 2.3 [Q36_5] I feel that in case of illness, I can have complete trust in public health care I feel that in case of illness, I can have complete trust in public health care Strongly agree 1 726 25.7 26.2 Agree 2 974 34.5 35.1 Can t say 3 182 6.5 6.6 Disagree 4 686 24.3 24.7 (continued on next page) 45

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Strongly disagree 5 208 7.4 7.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 45 1.6 [Q36_6] It is good that health care and educational services remain mainly in the domain of the public sector It is good that health care and educational services remain mainly in the domain of the public sector Strongly agree 1 1551 55.0 56.3 Agree 2 802 28.4 29.1 Can t say 3 236 8.4 8.6 Disagree 4 137 4.9 5.0 Strongly disagree 5 27 1.0 1.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 68 2.4 [Q36_7] Social security does not respond to people s needs nowadays Social security does not respond to people s needs nowadays Strongly agree 1 589 20.9 21.2 Agree 2 913 32.4 32.9 Can t say 3 584 20.7 21.1 Disagree 4 492 17.4 17.7 Strongly disagree 5 195 6.9 7.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 48 1.7 46

Q36_10 [Q36_8] In my opinion, cuts in social security during the recession were directed unjustly In my opinion, cuts in social security during the recession were directed unjustly Strongly agree 1 592 21.0 21.4 Agree 2 612 21.7 22.1 Can t say 3 556 19.7 20.1 Disagree 4 592 21.0 21.4 Strongly disagree 5 413 14.6 14.9 missing data (SYSMIS). 56 2.0 [Q36_9] Finnish housing policy has failed to achieve its goals Finnish housing policy has failed to achieve its goals Strongly agree 1 515 18.3 18.7 Agree 2 812 28.8 29.5 Can t say 3 862 30.6 31.3 Disagree 4 465 16.5 16.9 Strongly disagree 5 98 3.5 3.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 69 2.4 [Q36_10] Finnish society supports refugees and immigrants too much Finnish society supports refugees and immigrants too much 47

2. Variables Strongly agree 1 988 35.0 35.7 Agree 2 768 27.2 27.7 Can t say 3 330 11.7 11.9 Disagree 4 453 16.1 16.3 Strongly disagree 5 232 8.2 8.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 50 1.8 [Q36_11] Public television licence fee should be abolished, and public broadcasting should be funded with tax revenues Public television licence fee should be abolished, and public broadcasting should be funded with tax revenues Strongly agree 1 874 31.0 31.5 Agree 2 548 19.4 19.8 Can t say 3 344 12.2 12.4 Disagree 4 435 15.4 15.7 Strongly disagree 5 570 20.2 20.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 50 1.8 [Q36_12] Every citizen should have access to the same basic services regardless of municipality of residence, even if the funding had to be obtained by placing an additional tax on growth centres Every citizen should have access to the same basic services regardless of municipality of residence, even if the funding had to be obtained by placing an additional tax on growth centres Strongly agree 1 1258 44.6 45.6 Agree 2 794 28.1 28.8 (continued on next page) 48

Q36_14 (cont. from previous page) Can t say 3 316 11.2 11.5 Disagree 4 275 9.7 10.0 Strongly disagree 5 115 4.1 4.2 missing data (SYSMIS). 63 2.2 [Q36_13] I am willing to pay 10% more for meat and dairy products, if they are produced taking the well-being of animals into consideration I am willing to pay 10% more for meat and dairy products, if they are produced taking the well-being of animals into consideration Strongly agree 1 1124 39.8 40.6 Agree 2 910 32.3 32.9 Can t say 3 309 11.0 11.2 Disagree 4 286 10.1 10.3 Strongly disagree 5 140 5.0 5.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 52 1.8 [Q36_14] Trade unions have forgotten the unemployed and concentrate on representing the employed members only Trade unions have forgotten the unemployed and concentrate on representing the employed members only Strongly agree 1 842 29.8 30.6 Agree 2 826 29.3 30.0 Can t say 3 663 23.5 24.1 (continued on next page) 49

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Disagree 4 292 10.4 10.6 Strongly disagree 5 133 4.7 4.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 65 2.3 [Q36_15] People receiving unemployment benefit should be willing to work for the public good in exchange People receiving unemployment benefit should be willing to work for the public good in exchange Strongly agree 1 868 30.8 31.4 Agree 2 795 28.2 28.8 Can t say 3 186 6.6 6.7 Disagree 4 561 19.9 20.3 Strongly disagree 5 355 12.6 12.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 56 2.0 [Q36_16] Every family should be able to freely decide whether one parent stays at home on child home care allowance, or whether the child(ren) are placed in day care Every family should be able to freely decide whether one parent stays at home on child home care allowance, or whether the child(ren) are placed in day care Strongly agree 1 1734 61.5 62.7 Agree 2 605 21.4 21.9 Can t say 3 232 8.2 8.4 (continued on next page) 50

Q36_18 (cont. from previous page) Disagree 4 136 4.8 4.9 Strongly disagree 5 58 2.1 2.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 56 2.0 [Q36_17] Since jobs are scarce, everyone willing to opt out of working life should be guaranteed a minimum income funded by the society Since jobs are scarce, everyone willing to opt out of working life should be guaranteed a minimum income funded by the society Strongly agree 1 626 22.2 22.7 Agree 2 604 21.4 21.9 Can t say 3 326 11.6 11.8 Disagree 4 500 17.7 18.1 Strongly disagree 5 703 24.9 25.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 62 2.2 [Q36_18] I would like to influence social issues more I would like to influence social issues more Strongly agree 1 1069 37.9 38.8 Agree 2 812 28.8 29.5 Can t say 3 588 20.8 21.3 Disagree 4 176 6.2 6.4 Strongly disagree 5 110 3.9 4.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 66 2.3 (continued on next page) 51

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q37_1] Importance of different employment policy measures: Maintaining old vocational/professional skills Importance of different employment policy measures: Maintaining old vocational/professional skills Very important 1 1353 48.0 50.3 Fairly important 2 1104 39.1 41.1 Can t say 3 123 4.4 4.6 Not very important 4 93 3.3 3.5 Not important at all 5 15 0.5 0.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 133 4.7 [Q37_2] Importance of different employment policy measures: Acquiring new skills Importance of different employment policy measures: Acquiring new skills Very important 1 1319 46.8 49.2 Fairly important 2 1107 39.2 41.3 Can t say 3 154 5.5 5.7 Not very important 4 81 2.9 3.0 Not important at all 5 21 0.7 0.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 139 4.9 52

Q37_5 [Q37_3] Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of exclusion from labour markets Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of exclusion from labour markets Very important 1 1686 59.8 63.1 Fairly important 2 758 26.9 28.4 Can t say 3 172 6.1 6.4 Not very important 4 40 1.4 1.5 Not important at all 5 14 0.5 0.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 151 5.4 [Q37_4] Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of social exclusion Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of social exclusion Very important 1 1695 60.1 63.3 Fairly important 2 702 24.9 26.2 Can t say 3 197 7.0 7.4 Not very important 4 68 2.4 2.5 Not important at all 5 14 0.5 0.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 145 5.1 [Q37_5] Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for short-term unemployment Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for short-term unemployment 53

2. Variables Very important 1 425 15.1 15.9 Fairly important 2 932 33.0 34.9 Can t say 3 623 22.1 23.4 Not very important 4 505 17.9 18.9 Not important at all 5 182 6.5 6.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 154 5.5 [Q37_6] Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for long-term or permanent unemployment Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for long-term or permanent unemployment Very important 1 606 21.5 22.7 Fairly important 2 720 25.5 27.0 Can t say 3 717 25.4 26.9 Not very important 4 366 13.0 13.7 Not important at all 5 261 9.3 9.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 151 5.4 [Q38] Income support for one-adult household is 1,900 Marks after rent. In your opinion, is this... Income support for one-adult household is 1,900 Marks after rent. In your opinion, is this... Too high 1 169 6.0 6.3 (continued on next page) 54

Q40 (cont. from previous page) Enough 2 1284 45.5 47.5 Too low 3 1251 44.3 46.3 missing data (SYSMIS). 117 4.1 [Q39] How much money does one-adult household need monthly, after taxes and rent have been payed? How much money does one-adult household need monthly, after taxes and rent have been payed? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2426 minimum 40.00 maximum 8888.00 mean 2326.60 standard deviation 683.93 [Q40] How much would reasonable net income support be (after housing costs), in case your household became dependent on social security? How much would reasonable net income support be (after housing costs), in case your household became dependent on social security? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2377 minimum 40.00 maximum 35000.00 mean 4331.99 standard deviation 2215.83 55

2. Variables [Q41_1] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net wages (including spouse s/partner s wages) Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net wages (including spouse s/partner s wages) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1795 minimum 100.00 maximum 88888.00 mean 10225.90 standard deviation 5617.55 [Q41_2] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net entrepreneurial income Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net entrepreneurial income Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 253 minimum 200.00 maximum 35000.00 mean 7148.69 standard deviation 6000.27 [Q41_3] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic state pension Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic state pension Descriptive statistics 56

Q41_6 statistic value number of valid cases 438 minimum 100.00 maximum 10000.00 mean 1528.40 standard deviation 1539.87 [Q41_4] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related pension Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related pension Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 536 minimum 46.00 maximum 21000.00 mean 5380.56 standard deviation 3142.46 [Q41_5] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Private pensions Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Private pensions Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 44 minimum 35.00 maximum 10000.00 mean 3581.00 standard deviation 2948.14 [Q41_6] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Some other pension Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Some other pension 57

2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 149 minimum 16.00 maximum 10940.00 mean 2870.38 standard deviation 2295.20 [Q41_7] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic unemployment benefit Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic unemployment benefit Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 110 minimum 120.00 maximum 6000.00 mean 2325.68 standard deviation 1110.02 [Q41_8] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Labour market benefit Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Labour market benefit Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 74 minimum 976.00 maximum 5360.00 mean 2207.89 standard deviation 877.83 58

Q41_11 [Q41_9] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related unemployment benefit Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related unemployment benefit Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 213 minimum 200.00 maximum 11000.00 mean 3755.94 standard deviation 1508.73 [Q41_10] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Sick pay Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Sick pay Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 10 minimum 163.00 maximum 5400.00 mean 2971.40 standard deviation 1990.07 [Q41_11] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Income support Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Income support Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 49 (continued on next page) 59

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) statistic value minimum 129.00 maximum 4914.00 mean 1346.00 standard deviation 841.29 [Q41_12] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Student grant Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Student grant Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 237 minimum 52.00 maximum 3800.00 mean 1183.79 standard deviation 647.77 [Q41_13] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Housing benefit or student housing allowance Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Housing benefit or student housing allowance Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 248 minimum 100.00 maximum 2700.00 mean 871.21 standard deviation 503.85 [Q41_14] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child benefits Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child benefits 60

Q41_16 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 754 minimum 80.00 maximum 11000.00 mean 1178.77 standard deviation 873.06 [Q41_15] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child home care allowance Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child home care allowance Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 124 minimum 56.00 maximum 3900.00 mean 1788.51 standard deviation 839.38 [Q41_16] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Maintenance allowance Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Maintenance allowance Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 94 minimum 255.00 maximum 5000.00 mean 1007.81 standard deviation 651.10 61

2. Variables [Q41_17] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Parental pay (maternity/paternity pay) Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Parental pay (maternity/paternity pay) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 59 minimum 125.00 maximum 15000.00 mean 3653.51 standard deviation 2281.44 [Q41_18] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Interest and rental income Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Interest and rental income Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 167 minimum 5.00 maximum 20000.00 mean 2438.64 standard deviation 3101.32 [Q41_19] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Assistance from parent or relative Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Assistance from parent or relative Descriptive statistics 62

Q41_20_2 statistic value number of valid cases 66 minimum 20.00 maximum 6000.00 mean 954.49 standard deviation 1024.24 [Q41_20_1] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 100 minimum 80.00 maximum 15614.00 mean 1874.83 standard deviation 2523.16 [Q41_20_2] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 19 minimum 50.00 maximum 9000.00 mean 2163.32 standard deviation 2327.46 63

2. Variables [Q42_1] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Loan payments (interests + payments) Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Loan payments (interests + payments) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1388 minimum 50.00 maximum 60000.00 mean 2925.16 standard deviation 2678.65 [Q42_2] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Housing costs excluding loan payments (e.g. rent, service charges, water) Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Housing costs excluding loan payments (e.g. rent, service charges, water) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2501 minimum 50.00 maximum 11000.00 mean 1556.19 standard deviation 1001.61 [Q42_3] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Children s day care costs Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Children s day care costs Descriptive statistics 64

Q42_5 statistic value number of valid cases 299 minimum 90.00 maximum 6000.00 mean 995.71 standard deviation 666.94 [Q42_4] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Medicine expenses Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Medicine expenses Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1640 minimum 3.00 maximum 8888.00 mean 257.72 standard deviation 440.04 [Q42_5] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Commuting expenses Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Commuting expenses Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1351 minimum 20.00 maximum 4200.00 mean 671.97 standard deviation 564.85 65

2. Variables [Q43] Household s disposable income after above-mentioned expenses (question 42) Household s disposable income after above-mentioned expenses (question 42) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2145 minimum 15.00 maximum 95000.00 mean 6386.91 standard deviation 4978.19 [Q44] How satisfied are you with your household s present standard of living and opportunities to consume? How satisfied are you with your household s present standard of living and opportunities to consume? Very satisfied 1 364 12.9 13.2 Quite satisfied 2 1152 40.8 41.9 Both satisfied and dissatisfied 3 644 22.8 23.4 Quite dissatisfied 4 375 13.3 13.6 Very dissatisfied 5 215 7.6 7.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 71 2.5 [Q45] How easy/difficult is it for your household to manage on its current income? How easy/difficult is it for your household to manage on its current income? 66

Very easy 1 296 10.5 10.8 Easy 2 768 27.2 28.0 A little difficult 3 818 29.0 29.8 Somewhat difficult 4 626 22.2 22.8 Very difficult 5 238 8.4 8.7 missing data (SYSMIS). 75 2.7 Q46_2 [Q46_1] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Income level Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Income level Never 1 1139 40.4 43.6 Yes, sometimes 2 980 34.7 37.5 Yes, often 3 286 10.1 11.0 Yes, always 4 206 7.3 7.9 missing data (SYSMIS). 210 7.4 [Q46_2] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Irregularity of income Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Irregularity of income Never 1 1574 55.8 66.6 Yes, sometimes 2 507 18.0 21.4 Yes, often 3 178 6.3 7.5 Yes, always 4 105 3.7 4.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 457 16.2 (continued on next page) 67

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q46_3] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Payments of Social Insurance Institution s benefits have been delayed Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Payments of Social Insurance Institution s benefits have been delayed Never 1 1864 66.1 87.2 Yes, sometimes 2 203 7.2 9.5 Yes, often 3 43 1.5 2.0 Yes, always 4 28 1.0 1.3 missing data (SYSMIS). 683 24.2 [Q46_4] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Other, please specify Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Other, please specify Never 1 499 17.7 73.0 Yes, sometimes 2 79 2.8 11.5 Yes, often 3 47 1.7 6.9 Yes, always 4 59 2.1 8.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 2137 75.8 68

Q48_1 [Q47] Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Yes, how much? 1 445 15.8 16.5 Yes, but irregularly (not monthly) 2 804 28.5 29.9 No, but it would be possible 3 521 18.5 19.4 It is not possible 4 920 32.6 34.2 missing data (SYSMIS). 131 4.6 [Q47_1] Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Yes, how much (Finnish Marks/month) Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Yes, how much (Finnish Marks/month) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 430 minimum 10.00 maximum 8888.00 mean 2086.41 standard deviation 1952.68 [Q48_1] What does your household save for: We do not save money What does your household save for: We do not save money 69

2. Variables Not mentioned 0 1729 61.3 61.3 Mentioned 1 1091 38.7 38.7 missing data (SYSMIS). 1 0.0 [Q48_2] What does your household save for: Holiday trip What does your household save for: Holiday trip Not mentioned 0 2214 78.5 78.6 Mentioned 1 604 21.4 21.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 3 0.1 [Q48_3] What does your household save for: Owner-occupied or right-ofresidency housing What does your household save for: Owner-occupied or right-of-residency housing Not mentioned 0 2633 93.3 93.4 Mentioned 1 186 6.6 6.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 2 0.1 [Q48_4] What does your household save for: Summer cottage or timeshare What does your household save for: Summer cottage or timeshare 70

Not mentioned 0 2696 95.6 95.6 Mentioned 1 123 4.4 4.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 2 0.1 Q48_7 [Q48_5] What does your household save for: Private pension What does your household save for: Private pension Not mentioned 0 2710 96.1 96.1 Mentioned 1 111 3.9 3.9 [Q48_6] What does your household save for: Car, motorbike or other vehicle What does your household save for: Car, motorbike or other vehicle Not mentioned 0 2470 87.6 87.6 Mentioned 1 350 12.4 12.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 1 0.0 [Q48_7] What does your household save for: Hobby-related expenses What does your household save for: Hobby-related expenses 71

2. Variables Not mentioned 0 2524 89.5 89.5 Mentioned 1 295 10.5 10.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 2 0.1 [Q48_8] What does your household save for: Investments (shares, stocks, etc.) What does your household save for: Investments (shares, stocks, etc.) Not mentioned 0 2698 95.6 95.6 Mentioned 1 123 4.4 4.4 [Q48_9] What does your household save for: Unexpected expenses ( a rainy day ) What does your household save for: Unexpected expenses ( a rainy day ) Not mentioned 0 1800 63.8 63.9 Mentioned 1 1019 36.1 36.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 2 0.1 [Q48_10] What does your household save for: Other, please specify What does your household save for: Other, please specify 72

Not mentioned 0 2529 89.6 89.7 Mentioned 1 289 10.2 10.3 missing data (SYSMIS). 3 0.1 Q50 [Q49] Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan now and manage it? Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan now and manage it? Yes 1 1236 43.8 45.3 No 2 1490 52.8 54.7 missing data (SYSMIS). 95 3.4 [Q50] Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan in the near future and manage it? Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan in the near future and manage it? Yes, it would be possible 1 773 27.4 28.4 Yes, it would probably be possible 2 636 22.5 23.3 No, it would not be likely 3 382 13.5 14.0 It would not be possible 4 496 17.6 18.2 Can t say 5 437 15.5 16.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 97 3.4 73

2. Variables [Q51] What do you estimate your household s income level will be a year from now, compared to present situation? What do you estimate your household s income level will be a year from now, compared to present situation? Significantly higher 1 83 2.9 3.0 Slightly higher 2 385 13.6 14.0 The same 3 1602 56.8 58.1 Slightly lower 4 258 9.1 9.4 Significantly lower 5 146 5.2 5.3 Can t say 6 281 10.0 10.2 missing data (SYSMIS). 66 2.3 [Q53_1] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Irregular monthly income Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Irregular monthly income Never 1 1718 60.9 66.0 Once 2 101 3.6 3.9 A few times 3 454 16.1 17.4 Often 4 210 7.4 8.1 Constantly 5 122 4.3 4.7 missing data (SYSMIS). 216 7.7 74

Q53_3 [Q53_2] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of benefits funded by the Social Insurance Institution were delayed Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of benefits funded by the Social Insurance Institution were delayed Never 1 1983 70.3 86.5 Once 2 124 4.4 5.4 A few times 3 141 5.0 6.2 Often 4 25 0.9 1.1 Constantly 5 19 0.7 0.8 missing data (SYSMIS). 529 18.8 [Q53_3] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to cut leisure expenses Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to cut leisure expenses Never 1 1141 40.4 44.5 Once 2 67 2.4 2.6 A few times 3 623 22.1 24.3 Often 4 413 14.6 16.1 Constantly 5 322 11.4 12.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 255 9.0 75

2. Variables [Q53_4] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of rent or housing costs were delayed due to financial difficulties Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of rent or housing costs were delayed due to financial difficulties Never 1 2044 72.5 77.8 Once 2 105 3.7 4.0 A few times 3 322 11.4 12.3 Often 4 119 4.2 4.5 Constantly 5 38 1.3 1.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 193 6.8 [Q53_5] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of other bills were delayed or skipped due to financial difficulties Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of other bills were delayed or skipped due to financial difficulties Never 1 1802 63.9 68.4 Once 2 98 3.5 3.7 A few times 3 518 18.4 19.7 Often 4 151 5.4 5.7 Constantly 5 66 2.3 2.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 186 6.6 76

Q53_7 [Q53_6] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Could not make bank loan or interest payments Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Could not make bank loan or interest payments Never 1 2110 74.8 89.6 Once 2 80 2.8 3.4 A few times 3 105 3.7 4.5 Often 4 30 1.1 1.3 Constantly 5 31 1.1 1.3 missing data (SYSMIS). 465 16.5 [Q53_7] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Property or income were foreclosed Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Property or income were foreclosed Never 1 2430 86.1 93.9 Once 2 44 1.6 1.7 A few times 3 52 1.8 2.0 Often 4 16 0.6 0.6 Constantly 5 45 1.6 1.7 missing data (SYSMIS). 234 8.3 77

2. Variables [Q53_8] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Prescribed medication was not purchased because of high price Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Prescribed medication was not purchased because of high price Never 1 2260 80.1 86.0 Once 2 120 4.3 4.6 A few times 3 178 6.3 6.8 Often 4 46 1.6 1.8 Constantly 5 23 0.8 0.9 missing data (SYSMIS). 194 6.9 [Q53_9] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go without some other medical care due to lack of money Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go without some other medical care due to lack of money Never 1 2069 73.3 79.2 Once 2 105 3.7 4.0 A few times 3 283 10.0 10.8 Often 4 100 3.5 3.8 Constantly 5 55 1.9 2.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 209 7.4 78

Q53_11 [Q53_10] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go hungry due to lack of money Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go hungry due to lack of money Never 1 2423 85.9 92.4 Once 2 24 0.9 0.9 A few times 3 130 4.6 5.0 Often 4 34 1.2 1.3 Constantly 5 12 0.4 0.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 198 7.0 [Q53_11] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Worn clothing could not be replaced by new clothes purchases Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Worn clothing could not be replaced by new clothes purchases Never 1 1762 62.5 67.5 Once 2 77 2.7 2.9 A few times 3 424 15.0 16.2 Often 4 243 8.6 9.3 Constantly 5 106 3.8 4.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 209 7.4 79

2. Variables [Q53_12] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Your family had to put off having children due to financial difficulties Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Your family had to put off having children due to financial difficulties Never 1 1896 67.2 92.9 Once 2 17 0.6 0.8 A few times 3 19 0.7 0.9 Often 4 19 0.7 0.9 Constantly 5 90 3.2 4.4 missing data (SYSMIS). 780 27.6 [Q53_13_1] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify Never 1 355 12.6 76.3 Once 2 9 0.3 1.9 A few times 3 28 1.0 6.0 Often 4 19 0.7 4.1 Constantly 5 54 1.9 11.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 2356 83.5 80

Q54_2 [Q53_13_2] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify Never 1 154 5.5 79.0 Once 2 4 0.1 2.1 A few times 3 4 0.1 2.1 Often 4 14 0.5 7.2 Constantly 5 19 0.7 9.7 missing data (SYSMIS). 2626 93.1 [Q54_1] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Rescheduling of debts How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Rescheduling of debts Never 1 747 26.5 67.2 Once 2 159 5.6 14.3 A few times 3 163 5.8 14.7 Repeatedly 4 43 1.5 3.9 missing data (SYSMIS). 1709 60.6 [Q54_2] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Borrowing money from friends or relatives How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Borrowing money from friends or relatives 81

2. Variables Never 1 543 19.2 45.7 Once 2 121 4.3 10.2 A few times 3 408 14.5 34.4 Repeatedly 4 115 4.1 9.7 missing data (SYSMIS). 1634 57.9 [Q54_3] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Taking a bank loan to cope with daily expenses How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Taking a bank loan to cope with daily expenses Never 1 936 33.2 83.7 Once 2 99 3.5 8.9 A few times 3 71 2.5 6.4 Repeatedly 4 12 0.4 1.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 1703 60.4 [Q54_4] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Buying food on credit How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Buying food on credit Never 1 775 27.5 67.7 Once 2 34 1.2 3.0 A few times 3 187 6.6 16.3 (continued on next page) 82

Q54_6 (cont. from previous page) Repeatedly 4 148 5.2 12.9 missing data (SYSMIS). 1677 59.4 [Q54_5] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Spending own savings How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Spending own savings Never 1 510 18.1 47.2 Once 2 58 2.1 5.4 A few times 3 290 10.3 26.8 Repeatedly 4 223 7.9 20.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 1740 61.7 [Q54_6] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Selling property How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Selling property Never 1 833 29.5 74.6 Once 2 87 3.1 7.8 A few times 3 161 5.7 14.4 Repeatedly 4 35 1.2 3.1 missing data (SYSMIS). 1705 60.4 83

2. Variables [Q54_7] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Applying for income support How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Applying for income support Never 1 834 29.6 73.4 Once 2 90 3.2 7.9 A few times 3 133 4.7 11.7 Repeatedly 4 79 2.8 7.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 1685 59.7 [Q54_8] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Getting free food (e.g. from Salvation Army) How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Getting free food (e.g. from Salvation Army) Never 1 1029 36.5 90.4 Once 2 36 1.3 3.2 A few times 3 45 1.6 4.0 Repeatedly 4 28 1.0 2.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 1683 59.7 [Q54_9] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Changing location of residence How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Changing location of residence 84

Q54_11 Never 1 1042 36.9 93.1 Once 2 56 2.0 5.0 A few times 3 18 0.6 1.6 Repeatedly 4 3 0.1 0.3 missing data (SYSMIS). 1702 60.3 [Q54_10] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Acquiring extra income (working overtime, taking a second job, etc.) How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Acquiring extra income (working overtime, taking a second job, etc.) Never 1 661 23.4 59.9 Once 2 64 2.3 5.8 A few times 3 247 8.8 22.4 Repeatedly 4 132 4.7 12.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 1717 60.9 [Q54_11] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Other solution, please specify How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Other solution, please specify Never 1 93 3.3 43.1 Once 2 16 0.6 7.4 (continued on next page) 85

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) A few times 3 28 1.0 13.0 Repeatedly 4 79 2.8 36.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 2605 92.3 [Q55_1] Considering your present situation, do you feel you live in poverty? Considering your present situation, do you feel you live in poverty? Strongly agree 1 196 6.9 7.4 Agree 2 474 16.8 17.9 Disagree 3 505 17.9 19.1 Strongly disagree 4 1470 52.1 55.6 missing data (SYSMIS). 176 6.2 [Q55_2] Considering your income and loan payments, do you feel you are over-indebted? Considering your income and loan payments, do you feel you are over-indebted? Strongly agree 1 156 5.5 6.4 Agree 2 266 9.4 10.9 Disagree 3 298 10.6 12.2 Strongly disagree 4 1718 60.9 70.5 missing data (SYSMIS). 383 13.6 86

Q58 [Q56] How interesting did you find the questionnaire? How interesting did you find the questionnaire? Interesting 1 1507 53.4 55.2 Not very interesting 2 862 30.6 31.6 Can t say 3 359 12.7 13.2 missing data (SYSMIS). 93 3.3 [Q57] What did you thin k about the length of the questionnaire? What did you thin k about the length of the questionnaire? Too short 1 78 2.8 2.8 Long enough 2 2099 74.4 76.0 Too long 3 584 20.7 21.2 missing data (SYSMIS). 60 2.1 [Q58] The topics covered by the questionnaire are important The topics covered by the questionnaire are important Agree 1 1922 68.1 70.4 Disagree 2 101 3.6 3.7 (continued on next page) 87

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Can t say 3 706 25.0 25.9 missing data (SYSMIS). 92 3.3 [Q59_1] Which questions were very important in your opinion? Which questions were very important in your opinion? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1232 minimum 1.00 maximum 59.00 mean 35.99 standard deviation 9.22 [Q59_2] Which questions were very important in your opinion? Which questions were very important in your opinion? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 824 minimum 1.00 maximum 58.00 mean 38.20 standard deviation 10.36 [Q59_3] Which questions were very important in your opinion? Which questions were very important in your opinion? 88

Q61_2 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 480 minimum 1.00 maximum 61.00 mean 38.25 standard deviation 10.69 [Q60] Was it too difficult to answer? Was it too difficult to answer? Yes 1 295 10.5 11.0 No 2 2396 84.9 89.0 missing data (SYSMIS). 130 4.6 [Q61_1] Which questions were very difficult to answer? Which questions were very difficult to answer? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 883 minimum 1.00 maximum 61.00 mean 37.70 standard deviation 7.90 [Q61_2] Which questions were very difficult to answer? Which questions were very difficult to answer? 89

2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 477 minimum 1.00 maximum 61.00 mean 39.28 standard deviation 7.24 [Q61_3] Which questions were very difficult to answer? Which questions were very difficult to answer? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 238 minimum 3.00 maximum 55.00 mean 39.66 standard deviation 6.07 [FSD_ID] FSD case ID FSD case ID Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2821 minimum 1.00 maximum 2821.00 mean 1411.00 standard deviation 814.50 90

Chapter 3 Indexes 3.1 Variables in the order of occurance Case ID [ID]........................................................................ 5 naire type [LOMAKE]....................................................... 5 Respondent s year of birth [Q1]....................................................... 6 Respondent s gender [Q2]............................................................ 6 Respondent s marital status [Q3]...................................................... 6 Respondent s household composition [Q4]............................................. 7 Number of household members [Q5_1]................................................ 7 Number of children aged 0-6 living in the household [Q5_2]............................. 8 Number of children aged 7-17 living in the household [Q5_3]............................ 8 Number of children aged over 17 living in the household [Q5_4]......................... 8 Number of years respondent has lived in the present municipality of residence [Q7]........ 9 Respondent s highest level of education [Q8]........................................... 9 Respondent s present economic activity [Q9].......................................... 10 In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time [Q10_1].......................10 In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: years [Q10_1_1].............. 10 In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: months [Q10_1_2]............ 11 In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time [Q10_2]...................... 11 In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: years [Q10_2_1].............. 11 In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: months [Q10_2_2]............ 12 In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract [Q10_3]....... 12 In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: years [Q10_3_1] 12 In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: months [Q10_3_2] 91

3. Indexes 13 In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed [Q10_4]............................. 13 In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: years [Q10_4_1].................... 13 In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: months [Q10_4_2]...................14 In the past two years, have you been: Laid off [Q10_5]................................. 14 In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: years [Q10_5_1]......................... 14 In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: months [Q10_5_2]....................... 15 In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course) [Q10_6]...................15 In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): years [Q10_6_1].......... 15 In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): months [Q10_6_2]........ 16 In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil [Q10_7].......................... 16 In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: years [Q10_7_1]..................16 In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: months [Q10_7_2]................17 In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband [Q10_8]................ 17 In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: years [Q10_8_1]....... 17 In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: months [Q10_8_2]......18 In the past two years, have you been: Retired [Q10_9].................................. 18 In the past two years, have you been: Retired: years [Q10_9_1]......................... 18 In the past two years, have you been: Retired: months [Q10_9_2]........................19 In the past two years, have you been: Something else [Q10_10]......................... 19 In the past two years, have you been:something else: years [Q10_10_1].................. 19 In the past two years, have you been: Something else: months [Q10_10_2]............... 20 Respondent s present occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) [Q11]...... 20 Respondent s employment status (now/previously) [Q12]............................... 24 Spouse s/partner s present economic activity [Q13].................................... 25 Spouse s/partner s employment status (now/previously) [Q14].......................... 25 Spouse s/partner s occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) [Q15]........ 26 For how long is your spouse s/partner s employment contract valid? [Q16]............... 30 Has your spouse/partner been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? [Q17]........ 30 Respondent s employment sector [Q18]............................................... 31 How long have you been working with your present job contract (in years)? [Q19]........ 31 For how long will your present employment contract be valid? [Q20].................... 32 If you suddenly became unemployed, would you receive: [Q21]......................... 32 Have you been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? [Q22]...................... 32 92

3.1. Variables in the order of occurance How long has your present unemployment/lay-off lasted? [Q23].........................33 Have you been unemployed or laid off before in the past two years? [Q24]............... 33 Primary reason for present unemployment [Q25].......................................34 How long do you think your present unemployment will last? [Q26]..................... 34 Respondent s present state of health [Q27]............................................ 34 Do you have a chronic illness, injury or disability which limits your ability to work or function? [Q28]............................................................................. 35 Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? [Q29] 35 Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? (times) [Q29_1].................................................................... 36 Is there someone with whom you can discuss your difficulties and problems in confidence? [Q30]............................................................................. 36 Have you recently suffered from: Over-stress [Q31_1]..................................36 Have you recently suffered from: Melancholy [Q31_2]................................. 37 Have you recently suffered from: Nervousness [Q31_3]................................ 37 Have you recently suffered from: Weakness or tiredness [Q31_4]........................ 38 Have you recently suffered from: Insomnia [Q31_5]................................... 38 Have you recently suffered from: Forgetfulness [Q31_6]................................38 How often does your life seem meaningful and worth living? [Q32]......................39 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: State of health [Q33_1]........................................................................... 39 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Financial circumstances [Q33_2]................................................................ 40 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Location of dwelling [Q33_3]................................................................... 40 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Dwelling amenities and equipment [Q33_4]......................................................... 40 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Size of dwellling [Q33_5]........................................................................... 41 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Problems with other people [Q33_6]............................................................... 41 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Opportunities to leisure time activities [Q33_7]....................................................... 42 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Workload [Q33_8] 42 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Radical change in life situation [Q33_9]............................................................. 43 93

3. Indexes If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? [Q35] 43 Tax rates should be lowered in Finland, even if it led to cuts in social security [Q36_1].... 44 Income disparities between citizens are too large in Finland [Q36_2].................... 44 In my opinion, moonlighting is acceptable [Q36_3].................................... 44 Cooperation between authorities should be increased to prevent the misuse of social security benefits [Q36_4]....................................................................45 I feel that in case of illness, I can have complete trust in public health care [Q36_5]....... 45 It is good that health care and educational services remain mainly in the domain of the public sector [Q36_6]..................................................................... 46 Social security does not respond to people s needs nowadays [Q36_7]................... 46 In my opinion, cuts in social security during the recession were directed unjustly [Q36_8]. 47 Finnish housing policy has failed to achieve its goals [Q36_9]........................... 47 Finnish society supports refugees and immigrants too much [Q36_10]................... 47 Public television licence fee should be abolished, and public broadcasting should be funded with tax revenues [Q36_11]..........................................................48 Every citizen should have access to the same basic services regardless of municipality of residence, even if the funding had to be obtained by placing an additional tax on growth centres [Q36_12].......................................................................... 48 I am willing to pay 10% more for meat and dairy products, if they are produced taking the well-being of animals into consideration [Q36_13]..................................... 49 Trade unions have forgotten the unemployed and concentrate on representing the employed members only [Q36_14].............................................................49 People receiving unemployment benefit should be willing to work for the public good in exchange [Q36_15]................................................................... 50 Every family should be able to freely decide whether one parent stays at home on child home care allowance, or whether the child(ren) are placed in day care [Q36_16]................ 50 Since jobs are scarce, everyone willing to opt out of working life should be guaranteed a minimum income funded by the society [Q36_17]......................................... 51 I would like to influence social issues more [Q36_18].................................. 51 Importance of different employment policy measures: Maintaining old vocational/professional skills [Q37_1]...................................................................... 52 Importance of different employment policy measures: Acquiring new skills [Q37_2]...... 52 Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of exclusion from labour markets [Q37_3]....................................................................... 53 Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of social exclusion [Q37_4] 53 Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for short-term unemployment [Q37_5]........................................................................... 53 94

3.1. Variables in the order of occurance Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for long-term or permanent unemployment [Q37_6]............................................................. 54 Income support for one-adult household is 1,900 Marks after rent. In your opinion, is this... [Q38]............................................................................. 54 How much money does one-adult household need monthly, after taxes and rent have been payed? [Q39]...................................................................... 55 How much would reasonable net income support be (after housing costs), in case your household became dependent on social security? [Q40]...................................... 55 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net wages (including spouse s/partner s wages) [Q41_1]........................................................................... 56 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net entrepreneurial income [Q41_2]..... 56 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic state pension [Q41_3]............ 56 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related pension [Q41_4]....... 57 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Private pensions [Q41_5]............... 57 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Some other pension [Q41_6]............ 57 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic unemployment benefit [Q41_7].... 58 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Labour market benefit [Q41_8].......... 58 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related unemployment benefit [Q41_9] 59 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Sick pay [Q41_10]..................... 59 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Income support [Q41_11].............. 59 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Student grant [Q41_12]................ 60 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Housing benefit or student housing allowance [Q41_13].......................................................................... 60 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child benefits [Q41_14]................ 60 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child home care allowance [Q41_15].... 61 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Maintenance allowance [Q41_16]....... 61 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Parental pay (maternity/paternity pay) [Q41_17] 62 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Interest and rental income [Q41_18]..... 62 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Assistance from parent or relative [Q41_19] 62 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) [Q41_20_1]............................ 63 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) [Q41_20_2]............................ 63 Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Loan payments (interests + payments) [Q42_1]........................................................................... 64 95

3. Indexes Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Housing costs excluding loan payments (e.g. rent, service charges, water) [Q42_2].............................................64 Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Children s day care costs [Q42_3].... 64 Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Medicine expenses [Q42_4].......... 65 Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Commuting expenses [Q42_5]....... 65 Household s disposable income after above-mentioned expenses (question 42) [Q43]...... 66 How satisfied are you with your household s present standard of living and opportunities to consume? [Q44].................................................................... 66 How easy/difficult is it for your household to manage on its current income? [Q45]........66 Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Income level [Q46_1] 67 Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Irregularity of income [Q46_2]...................................................................... 67 Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Payments of Social Insurance Institution s benefits have been delayed [Q46_3]............................. 68 Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Other, please specify [Q46_4]........................................................................... 68 Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? [Q47]...... 69 Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Yes, how much (Finnish Marks/month) [Q47_1]..................................................... 69 What does your household save for: We do not save money [Q48_1]..................... 69 What does your household save for: Holiday trip [Q48_2].............................. 70 What does your household save for: Owner-occupied or right-of-residency housing [Q48_3] 70 What does your household save for: Summer cottage or timeshare [Q48_4]............... 70 What does your household save for: Private pension [Q48_5]........................... 71 What does your household save for: Car, motorbike or other vehicle [Q48_6]............. 71 What does your household save for: Hobby-related expenses [Q48_7]................... 71 What does your household save for: Investments (shares, stocks, etc.) [Q48_8]............ 72 What does your household save for: Unexpected expenses ( a rainy day ) [Q48_9]........ 72 What does your household save for: Other, please specify [Q48_10]..................... 72 Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan now and manage it? [Q49]............................................................................. 73 Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan in the near future and manage it? [Q50]................................................................... 73 What do you estimate your household s income level will be a year from now, compared to present situation? [Q51]............................................................. 74 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Irregular monthly 96

3.1. Variables in the order of occurance income [Q53_1].................................................................... 74 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of benefits funded by the Social Insurance Institution were delayed [Q53_2]........................ 75 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to cut leisure expenses [Q53_3].................................................................. 75 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of rent or housing costs were delayed due to financial difficulties [Q53_4]......................... 76 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of other bills were delayed or skipped due to financial difficulties [Q53_5]....................... 76 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Could not make bank loan or interest payments [Q53_6].................................................... 77 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Property or income were foreclosed [Q53_7]............................................................ 77 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Prescribed medication was not purchased because of high price [Q53_8]...................................... 78 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go without some other medical care due to lack of money [Q53_9]................................. 78 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go hungry due to lack of money [Q53_10].......................................................... 79 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Worn clothing could not be replaced by new clothes purchases [Q53_11].................................... 79 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Your family had to put off having children due to financial difficulties [Q53_12]............................ 80 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify [Q53_13_1]................................................... 80 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify [Q53_13_2]................................................... 81 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Rescheduling of debts [Q54_1]........................................................................... 81 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Borrowing money from friends or relatives [Q54_2].......................................................... 81 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Taking a bank loan to cope with daily expenses [Q54_3]......................................................... 82 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Buying food on credit [Q54_4]........................................................................... 82 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Spending own savings [Q54_5]........................................................................... 83 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Selling property [Q54_6] 83 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Applying for income sup- 97

3. Indexes port [Q54_7]....................................................................... 84 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Getting free food (e.g. from Salvation Army) [Q54_8]........................................................... 84 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Changing location of residence [Q54_9]..................................................................... 84 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Acquiring extra income (working overtime, taking a second job, etc.) [Q54_10]................................. 85 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Other solution, please specify [Q54_11]....................................................................... 85 Considering your present situation, do you feel you live in poverty? [Q55_1]............. 86 Considering your income and loan payments, do you feel you are over-indebted? [Q55_2]. 86 How interesting did you find the questionnaire? [Q56].................................. 87 What did you thin k about the length of the questionnaire? [Q57]........................ 87 The topics covered by the questionnaire are important [Q58]............................ 87 Which questions were very important in your opinion? [Q59_1]......................... 88 Which questions were very important in your opinion? [Q59_2]......................... 88 Which questions were very important in your opinion? [Q59_3]......................... 88 Was it too difficult to answer? [Q60].................................................. 89 Which questions were very difficult to answer? [Q61_1]................................ 89 Which questions were very difficult to answer? [Q61_2]................................ 89 Which questions were very difficult to answer? [Q61_3]................................ 90 FSD case ID [FSD_ID]............................................................. 90 98

3.2. Variables in alphabetical order 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order Case ID.............................................................................5 Considering your income and loan payments, do you feel you are over-indebted?......... 86 Considering your present situation, do you feel you live in poverty?..................... 86 Cooperation between authorities should be increased to prevent the misuse of social security benefits............................................................................ 45 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Dwelling amenities and equipment.................................................................. 40 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Financial circumstances........................................................................ 40 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Location of dwelling........................................................................... 40 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Opportunities to leisure time activities............................................................... 42 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Problems with other people........................................................................41 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Radical change in life situation..................................................................... 43 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Size of dwellling 41 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: State of health 39 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Workload.. 42 Do you have a chronic illness, injury or disability which limits your ability to work or function? 35 Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month?............ 69 Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Yes, how much (Finnish Marks/month).............................................................. 69 Every citizen should have access to the same basic services regardless of municipality of residence, even if the funding had to be obtained by placing an additional tax on growth centres 48 Every family should be able to freely decide whether one parent stays at home on child home care allowance, or whether the child(ren) are placed in day care......................... 50 Finnish housing policy has failed to achieve its goals................................... 47 Finnish society supports refugees and immigrants too much............................. 47 For how long is your spouse s/partner s employment contract valid?..................... 30 For how long will your present employment contract be valid?.......................... 32 FSD case ID....................................................................... 90 99

3. Indexes Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Could not make bank loan or interest payments............................................................ 77 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to cut leisure expenses........................................................................... 75 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go hungry due to lack of money....................................................................79 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go without some other medical care due to lack of money......................................... 78 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Irregular monthly income............................................................................ 74 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify.............................................................. 80, 81 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of benefits funded by the Social Insurance Institution were delayed................................ 75 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of other bills were delayed or skipped due to financial difficulties............................... 76 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of rent or housing costs were delayed due to financial difficulties................................. 76 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Prescribed medication was not purchased because of high price.............................................. 78 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Property or income were foreclosed.................................................................... 77 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Worn clothing could not be replaced by new clothes purchases............................................. 79 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Your family had to put off having children due to financial difficulties..................................... 80 Has your spouse/partner been unemployed or laid off in the past two years?.............. 30 Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Income level... 67 Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Irregularity of income.............................................................................. 67 Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Other, please specify 68 Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Payments of Social Insurance Institution s benefits have been delayed...................................... 68 Have you been unemployed or laid off before in the past two years?..................... 33 Have you been unemployed or laid off in the past two years?............................ 32 Have you recently suffered from: Forgetfulness........................................ 38 Have you recently suffered from: Insomnia............................................ 38 100

3.2. Variables in alphabetical order Have you recently suffered from: Melancholy......................................... 37 Have you recently suffered from: Nervousness.........................................37 Have you recently suffered from: Over-stress.......................................... 36 Have you recently suffered from: Weakness or tiredness................................ 38 Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom?. 35 Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? (times)............................................................................ 36 Household s disposable income after above-mentioned expenses (question 42)............ 66 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Assistance from parent or relative....... 62 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic state pension.....................56 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic unemployment benefit............ 58 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child benefits......................... 60 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child home care allowance............. 61 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related pension............... 57 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related unemployment benefit.. 59 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Housing benefit or student housing allowance 60 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Income support........................ 59 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Interest and rental income.............. 62 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Labour market benefit.................. 58 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Maintenance allowance.................61 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net entrepreneurial income............. 56 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net wages (including spouse s/partner s wages) 56 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance).................................... 63, 63 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Parental pay (maternity/paternity pay)... 62 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Private pensions....................... 57 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Sick pay.............................. 59 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Some other pension.................... 57 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Student grant.......................... 60 Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Children s day care costs............ 64 Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Commuting expenses................ 65 Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Housing costs excluding loan payments (e.g. rent, service charges, water)..................................................... 64 Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Loan payments (interests + payments).64 101

3. Indexes Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Medicine expenses.................. 65 How easy/difficult is it for your household to manage on its current income?..............66 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Acquiring extra income (working overtime, taking a second job, etc.).......................................... 85 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Applying for income support............................................................................... 84 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Borrowing money from friends or relatives.................................................................. 81 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Buying food on credit. 82 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Changing location of residence..............................................................................84 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Getting free food (e.g. from Salvation Army).................................................................... 84 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Other solution, please specify................................................................................ 85 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Rescheduling of debts. 81 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Selling property.......83 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Spending own savings. 83 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Taking a bank loan to cope with daily expenses................................................................. 82 How interesting did you find the questionnaire?........................................87 How long do you think your present unemployment will last?........................... 34 How long has your present unemployment/lay-off lasted?...............................33 How long have you been working with your present job contract (in years)?.............. 31 How much money does one-adult household need monthly, after taxes and rent have been payed?............................................................................ 55 How much would reasonable net income support be (after housing costs), in case your household became dependent on social security?............................................ 55 How often does your life seem meaningful and worth living?............................39 How satisfied are you with your household s present standard of living and opportunities to consume?.......................................................................... 66 I am willing to pay 10% more for meat and dairy products, if they are produced taking the well-being of animals into consideration.............................................. 49 I feel that in case of illness, I can have complete trust in public health care................45 I would like to influence social issues more............................................51 If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for?....43 If you suddenly became unemployed, would you receive:............................... 32 102

3.2. Variables in alphabetical order Importance of different employment policy measures: Acquiring new skills...............52 Importance of different employment policy measures: Maintaining old vocational/professional skills.............................................................................. 52 Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for long-term or permanent unemployment..................................................................... 54 Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for short-term unemployment 53 Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of exclusion from labour markets............................................................................... 53 Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of social exclusion...... 53 In my opinion, cuts in social security during the recession were directed unjustly..........47 In my opinion, moonlighting is acceptable............................................ 44 In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time............................... 10 In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: months....................... 11 In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: years......................... 10 In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time.............................. 11 In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: months.......................12 In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: years........................ 11 In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband........................ 17 In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: months................ 18 In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: years.................. 17 In the past two years, have you been: Laid off......................................... 14 In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: months................................. 15 In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: years................................... 14 In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract............... 12 In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: months....... 13 In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: years......... 12 In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course)........................... 15 In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): months................... 16 In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): years..................... 15 In the past two years, have you been: Retired.......................................... 18 In the past two years, have you been: Retired: months.................................. 19 In the past two years, have you been: Retired: years.................................... 18 In the past two years, have you been: Something else................................... 19 In the past two years, have you been: Something else: months........................... 20 103

3. Indexes In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil.................................. 16 In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: months.......................... 17 In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: years............................ 16 In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed..................................... 13 In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: months............................. 14 In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: years............................... 13 In the past two years, have you been:something else: years............................. 19 Income disparities between citizens are too large in Finland............................. 44 Income support for one-adult household is 1,900 Marks after rent. In your opinion, is this... 54 Is there someone with whom you can discuss your difficulties and problems in confidence? 36 It is good that health care and educational services remain mainly in the domain of the public sector............................................................................. 46 Number of children aged 0-6 living in the household.................................... 8 Number of children aged 7-17 living in the household................................... 8 Number of children aged over 17 living in the household................................ 8 Number of household members....................................................... 7 Number of years respondent has lived in the present municipality of residence............. 9 People receiving unemployment benefit should be willing to work for the public good in exchange............................................................................ 50 Primary reason for present unemployment.............................................34 Public television licence fee should be abolished, and public broadcasting should be funded with tax revenues................................................................... 48 naire type................................................................... 5 Respondent s employment sector..................................................... 31 Respondent s employment status (now/previously)..................................... 24 Respondent s gender................................................................. 6 Respondent s highest level of education................................................ 9 Respondent s household composition.................................................. 7 Respondent s marital status........................................................... 6 Respondent s present economic activity............................................... 10 Respondent s present occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement)............ 20 Respondent s present state of health.................................................. 34 Respondent s year of birth............................................................ 6 Since jobs are scarce, everyone willing to opt out of working life should be guaranteed a minimum income funded by the society................................................... 51 104

3.2. Variables in alphabetical order Social security does not respond to people s needs nowadays............................ 46 Spouse s/partner s employment status (now/previously)................................ 25 Spouse s/partner s occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement).............. 26 Spouse s/partner s present economic activity.......................................... 25 Tax rates should be lowered in Finland, even if it led to cuts in social security.............44 The topics covered by the questionnaire are important.................................. 87 Trade unions have forgotten the unemployed and concentrate on representing the employed members only...................................................................... 49 Was it too difficult to answer?........................................................ 89 What did you thin k about the length of the questionnaire?.............................. 87 What do you estimate your household s income level will be a year from now, compared to present situation?................................................................... 74 What does your household save for: Car, motorbike or other vehicle..................... 71 What does your household save for: Hobby-related expenses............................ 71 What does your household save for: Holiday trip.......................................70 What does your household save for: Investments (shares, stocks, etc.).................... 72 What does your household save for: Other, please specify...............................72 What does your household save for: Owner-occupied or right-of-residency housing....... 70 What does your household save for: Private pension.................................... 71 What does your household save for: Summer cottage or timeshare....................... 70 What does your household save for: Unexpected expenses ( a rainy day )................ 72 What does your household save for: We do not save money............................. 69 Which questions were very difficult to answer?................................. 89, 89, 90 Which questions were very important in your opinion?.......................... 88, 88, 88 Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan in the near future and manage it?......................................................................... 73 Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan now and manage it? 73 105

Appendix A naires in Finnish 107

KYSELYLOMAKE Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa FSD1322 Hyvinvointi 1998 Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä. Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/ QUESTIONNAIRE This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive: FSD1322 Welfare Survey 1998 If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation. More information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/

SOSIAALITURVA BAROMETRI 1998 TURUN YLIOPISTON SOSIAALIPOLITIIKAN LAITOS KANSANELÄKELAITOS