ANTTI MULIKKA AND HIS DESCENDANTS

ANTTI MULIKKA AND HIS DESCENDANTS Asko Vuorinen Espoo August 2015 1

Antti Mulikka and his descendants 2015 Ekoenergo Oy Lokirinne 8 A 25 02320 Espoo The book can be loaded free of charge from home page of the writer at www.askovuorinen.fi 2

Contents Foreword... 5 1 Background... 6 1.1 Origin of Finns... 6 1.2 Sweden and Finland... 9 1.3 Land owners in Rautalampi... 10 1.4 Living in the forests... 13 2 Descendants of Antti Mulikka in Finland... 14 2.1 Antti Mulikka... 14 2.2 Riekko or Mietala... 15 2.3 Leppälä or Hokkala... 18 2.4 Jokela... 20 2.5 Kuoppala or Muhola... 20 2.6 Vilppu Keisari... 21 3 Descendants of Antti Mulikka in Sweden... 23 3.1 Forest Finns... 23 3.2 Descendants of Antti Mulikka... 24 4 Descendants of Antti Mulikka in Norway... 26 4.1 Rögden Lake in Grue Finnskog... 26 4.2 Vålberget (Mulikkala)... 26 4.3 Tvengsberget... 28 5 New Sweden... 31 5.1 Settlers to New Sweden... 32 5.2 None so good in Finland (Maryland)... 32 5.3 Mullica Plantation (Mullica Township)... 34 5.4 Mullica Hill (Harrison Township)... 35 6 Mulikka-Keisari-Roivanen DNA Project... 38 7 Names in Finnish and Norwegian records... 40 8 FAMILY TABLES... 41 List of persons arranged alphabetically by surnames and other names... 218 Municipalities... 280 3

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Foreword This document is an updated version from the Antti Mulikka and his descendants document which was created in summer 2012. Since then I have received many new information from the members of Mulikka-family and new data from the DNA-research. I would like to thank Ralph Poulson, who has collected about 5000 names from the descendants of Pål Jönsson (Paavo Juhonpoika) Mulikka. Pål travelled to America with the Swedish ship Örn (Eagle) and arrived to New Sweden in May 1654. Pål had several children and thus today several thousand of his descendants can be searched. However, only the descendants of one of the Pål s son, Andrew Poulson, have been searched until now and all his descendants which have been found and have been born before 1920 have been listed in this book. The new DNA-studies have been used to prove that these American and Norwegian branches of Mulikka family really are descendants of Antti Mulikka. All paternal lines of many today living men tell that Antti had ydna-haplogroup N1c1, which can be found in Finland. The ydna-tests of paternal lines of Vilppu Keisari and Antti Mulikka show that both have the same forefather. Thus we could assume forefather has arrived from Savo or Karelia, which is in the Eastern part of the old Finland. Those, who want to make this kind of DNA-test, can order test with ftdna.com Finnish project. Family tree DNA laboratories in Houston have tested about 4000 Finns. They have very large database, which helps to find the paternal ancestors to Antti Mulikka. If you are interested to test your DNA, I propose that the test should include 67 ydna markers. About 62 % of Finnish men have this N1c1 haplogroup, but about 28 % of Finns have haplogroup I1. Many of the Finnish settelers married each other. So it is possible that the ydna haplogroup of a Finnish settler have been N1c1 or I1d3. If your haplogroup is either N1c1 or I1d3, it would be quite certain that your ancestors have Finnish origin. Most of the family data is based on the five books of descendants of Vilppu Keisari, which can be bought from their Keisari Family society (www.koti.japo.fi/~keisari/). I would like to thank the society in which I am also a member. I will be updating this document from time to time. If you have anything new material to add to the story of Antti Mulikka, please do not hesitate to contact me. In Espoo, Finland, August 15th, 2015 Asko Vuorinen askovuorinen (at) gmail.com 5

1 Background 1.1 Origin of Finns The DNA-studies made quite recently show that the Finnish men have been coming to Finland from east and from the west. Those men who game from the east have ydna-haplogroup N1c1. It can be found from the east side of Ural Mountains. The route of N1c1 men can be seen in the figure. The route of N1c1 men (Fenno-Ugric) to Finland was coming from China to Ural Mountins and from there to Finland. They are considered to be the Fenno-Ugric people, who were hunters of big animals (mammoths, moose, elk, deer etc.). There are still many tribes of Fenno-Ugric people in the north part of Russia and in Karelia. They game to Finland starting from about 6000 years ago, when the ice was smelting and land was rising from the sea. The Fenno-Ugric people have their own language and it can be seen from the map that the Hungarians have not the same genetic background even if they speak Fenno-Ugric language. About 62 % of the Finnish men have this N1c1 background. 6

The map of haplogroup N1c1 indicated where the Fenno-Ugric people live today. The most famous kings having N1-haplogroup were the many Russian Czars, who descend from Rurik. Rurik was said to be the man who was called as the governor of Novgorod in the year 862 AD. Novgorod was established on the river bank of Olhava River (Volkhov River today), which has its mouth in Lake Laatokka. Olhava River was used also as a trade route by the Vikings. Laatokka was partly on Finnish the territory until 1940. South-Western Finns Another major group of Finns is the South-Western Finns, who have haplogroup I1d3. About 28 % Finnish men have this haplogroup. This is the most common haplogroup in the Nordic countries. The concentration is the highest in Oslo and Gothenburg regions. Western Finland was settled 2000 BC by Battle Axe culture people, who could belong to N-haplogroup. The Second settlement was about 300 AD by early German tribe Goths (I-haplogroup), who were living in the island of Gotland and in North Germany and Sweden. South Sweden is still called as Götaland and the island Gotland, which might come from the name of the first inhabitants. 7

Haplogroup I1 in Europe (Source eupedia) Concentration of the five most common y-haplogroups in the Nordic countries (Source: www.eupedia.com) Haplogroup Finland Sweden Norway Denmark Nordic N 61,5 % 7,0 % 2,5 % 1 % 16,2 % I1 28,0 % 37,0 % 31,5 % 34 % 33,4 % I2 0,5 % 5,0 % 4,5 % 7,5 % 4,5 % R1a 5,0 % 16,0 % 25,5 % 15 % 15,5 % R1b 3,5 % 21,5 % 32,0 % 33 % 22,3 % Others 1,5 % 13,5 % 4,0 % 9,5 % 8,2 % Total 100,0 % 100,0 % 100,0 % 100,0 % 100,0 % Finnish people are a mix of these two most common eastern and western haplogroups, which are quite far from each other. However, it is difficult to say about any person of which haplogroup he is. It can be only determined by DNA studies. The Finnish people have been living as tribes, but Novgorod influence and Orthodox Church started to approach from the east. Roman Catholic Church and Germans and Swedes were approaching from the west during the first years after year 1000. Then Finland was divided with these two in the year 1323 at Pähkinäsaari peace treaty (Figure). 8

Finland was divided by Sweden and Novgorod in 1323. Afterward the border was moved to East and in 1617 also large part of Karelia was joined to Sweden (yellow). Most of the Karelian people remained on the Novgorod side of the Pähkinäsaari border. But the Sweden was moving the border in 1617 to East and most part of Karelia was joined to Sweden. After this more than half of the Orthodoxian Karelians moved to Russia (Venäjä), because they do not want to become as Lutherians. 1.2 Sweden and Finland The Middle of Finland was hunting and fishing ground for people, who were living in Häme. Swedish King Gustav Vasa (king 1523-1560) published an open letter in April 1542, where he stated that all hunting and fishing areas in the Middle of Finland belong to the God, King and the state. Thus the people can build their houses there with the king s permission. This started the settlements of the old hunting areas of Häme and many new houses were built in the forests. Most of the new houses were built by people from Savo. King Gustav had three sons. His son Johan was named in 1556 as Duchy of Finland. He was living in the Castle of Turku and also learned to speak Finnish language. He was in practice married with a Finnish woman Kaarina Hansdotter, who gave him children. After Gustav the new King was his oldest son Erik XIV (king 1560-1567). After Erik the second oldest son Johan became as a King Johan III for years 1568-1592. The youngest son, Karl IX, was the King 1604-1611. 9

Largest part of Finland was belonging to Sweden during the years 1595-1809. The orange part is the area of Sweden in 1595. The green area (part of Karelia) was joined to Sweden in 1617 in Stolbova peace treaty. The Finns were living in the area, which included also the eastern part of Karelia and many villages near Laatokka Lake and Saint Petersburg. 1.3 Land owners in Rautalampi The land in the Middle of Finland was belonging to the Rautalampi municipality. Mulikka was a part of old Pääjärvi village, which was on the South coast of Pääjärvi Lake and East coast of Karanka Lake. The most part of the land near Pääjärvi and Karanka Lakes (see picture) was bought in 1560 by Jacob Henriksson Hästesko, who was a judge in Sääksmäki district in which Pääjärvi and Karanka. The size of land was said to be two manshares. One manshare was about 10 km x 10 km. When Jakob Hästesko died, the Sjundby castle and his properties in Pääjärvi were remaining to his widow Kerstin Henriksdotter, who married Klas Åkesson Tott. The son of Klaus Åkesson Tott was Henrik Klasson Tott. He married the widow of the King Erik XIV, Queen Karin Mansdotter. She was the owner of Liuksiala and in this way the land near Pääjärvi and Karanka Lakes were joined to the lands of Queen Karin Mansdotter. 10

The land surrounding Pääjärvi and Karanka Lakes was owned by Jakob Hästesko (green crosses). (Source: History of Rautalampi). Sjundby Castle in Sjundeå was owned by Jakob Hästesko, who was a judge of Sääksmäki. It is the oldest Castle, which is still inhabited. (Source: Stamp from 1982). 11

The farmers in Pääjärvi and Karanka were called as landbos (LB) or tenants, which did not own the land but paid a rent to land owner Jakob Hästesko. The LBs had to make a contract with the owners of the farms, but they did not need to pay taxes. So their situation was in many cases better than farmers, which owned the land and had to pay taxes. It the farmer could not pay taxes, his land was returned to the state. However, the noble landlords wanted to keep the land undivided, which ment that in most cases only one son of LBs continued the contract with the landlord. In this way the oldest sone continued farming, but his younger brothers had to move on and find their farms elsewhere. In this way many sons of the Mulikka family had to go to Sweden and Americas. In the year 1680 Sweden s king made a Large Reduction, and one third of the land, owned by the noble landlords, was transferred to the crown. Many of the former LBs become has tenants of the crown (torppari). At the same time the crown stated to sell the land to the farmers. However, most of the farms were sold to farmers in about 1800, when Finland had so callade Great partition of Land (isojako). Slash-and-burn method of cultivation as seen by Finnish artist Eero Järnefelt in 1893. 12

1.4 Living in the forests The people in the forests had special skills of hunting, fishing and cultivating land. The summer time was very short from June to August. During this time men were fishing in the lakes and the fish was salted in barrels for use in winter time. Another method of getting food was slash-and-burn technique, where forest was slashed in spring time to be drying during summer and next winter. Then the trees were burned during the next early summer. Ash fertilizes soil and grains of rye were planted on the soil. The harvest was very good and from one barrel of rye about ten to twenty barrels could be obtained. The forests were full of hunting animals like moose, bears, rabbits, which were hunted for food. Some other animals like squirrel were hunted for their skin. Squirrel skins were also used as money the pay for the salt, powder and other things needed for living. 13

2 Descendants of Antti Mulikka in Finland 2.1 Antti Mulikka Antti Mulikka appeared for the first time in history records of Finland in the year 1564, when he was marked as householder at Old Saarijärvi (Palvasalmi) area in the Middle of Finland, which was by this time a part of Rautalampi. There were totally 34 houses in Old Saarijärvi and 24 of them were owned by noble landlords. Most landlords were living in Häme some 200 km to the South from Saarijärvi, but owner of Pääjärvi and Karanka areas, Jakob Hästesko, lived in Sjundeå on the South coast of Finland Most of the inhabitants of Saarijärvi had arrived from Savo, which was the Eastern part of Finland. The people of Savo had origin from Karelians, which were living originally near Laatokka-lake in the South East corner of Finland for centuries. They had been fishing and trading commodities in the middle and north part of Finland and some of them remained there permanently. This is not known for sure, but the name Mulikka has its origin in Karelien, where this name can be found earlier. Also the DNA-data (Haplotype N) prove that his nearest DNA-relative was a priest Nicolas Petri Roivanen, who became as a priest in Viipuri. Antti s nearest neigbour in Mulikka was Lauri Karjalainen (Lars the Karelian). Mulikka is today a village in Finland, where Antti built is house Riekko in 1564 14

Mulikka can be found from the west side of Saarijärvi municipality. 2.2 Riekko or Mietala The name of Antti s house was Riekko. The name came from a bird, willow grouse, which was hunted by this time by the hunters. There might have been a lot of birds there by this time or the name comes from his grandfather s house from Savo. The Riekko was on the top of a hill near Karankajärvi Lake. The place was called as Mulikka after Antti s name. The name mullikka is Finnish and it means a young bull. Young bulls are quite stubborn and this might have been the character of Antti Mulikka, who built his house in the middle of forest and established his family there. 15

Map from the year 1750 shows four houses: Mulikka (Riekko), Hokkala and Jokela, which were all belonging to the original Riekko farm. The Heijostenmäki farm on the east side of Mulikka was established by Lauri Karjalainen. Mulikka and Pääjärvi were belonging originally to the Rautalampi municipality. Then it was joined to Saarijärvi. After formation of Kartstula municipality it was joined to Karstula. When Pylkönmäki was established it was joined to Pylkönmäki. Finally Pääjärvi was joined back to Saarijärvi municipality. Antti had at least four sons Paavo, Erkki, Tapani (Staffan) and Juho. The oldest son was probably Paavo, who inherited the house after Antti. The householders of Riekko were following: 1) Antti Mulikka from 1654 to 1599 2) his son Paavo Antinpoika Mulikka from 1600 to 1633 3) his son Matti Paavonpoika Mulikka from 1633 to 1637 moved to Sweden, his descendants have not been found 4) his brother Paavo Paavonpoika Mulikka from 1638 to 1676 5) his son Heikki Paavonpoika Mulikka from 1678 to 1691 16

6) his son Antti Heikinpoika Mulikka from 1693 to 1696 died for hunger - No inhabitants 1697-1700 The chain of the Mulikka family ends at 1696 when the householder died for hunger. There was a so called short ice age during these times. At August of 1996 the land was frozen and most of crop destroyed. 33 of totally 88 householders died for hunger in Saarijärvi municipality. In Pääjärvi 12 householders from 23 died for hunger. The old Riekko or Mietala farmhouse in Pääjärvi, Mulikka, in the Middle of Finland. After los fight in Pultava in 1709, Sweden s army was destroyed. Russian occupied Finland and many houses were burned. Among them was the Riekko building. Thus we do not know, where the house really was. We believe that the house was on the top of the Mulikka Hill, about 200 m from today s Hokkala and Mietala buildings. Riekko or Mietala was bought then by Juho Lehtonen, Mietala, who was a descendant of Mulikka Family (see Table 122). The owners were then following: 1) Juho Lehtonen, Mietala b. 1845 and wife Maria Poikonen 2) their son Elias Juhonpoika Mietala b. 1874 wife Emilia Hokkanen, Mietala 3) their son Viljo Mieltala b. 1910 and wife Aili Huuha 4) their son Voitto Mietala b. 1941 and wife Ellen Välinen 5) their son Ismo Mietala b. 1966 17

2.3 Leppälä or Hokkala Leppälä was split from Riekko farm for Antti s second son Nuutti in 1610. The old Leppälä building was built by this time. The householders of Leppälä were following: 1) Nuutti Antinpoika Mulikka 1610-1639 2) his son Heikki Nuutinpoika Mulikka 1644-1652 3) Nuutti Mullikainen 1653 1655 4) Klemetti Heikinpoika Leppänen 1656 1682 5) Kalle Leppänen 1691-1692 6) Matti Paavonpoika Leppänen 1693 1694 7) Heikki Leppänen 1695 1696 died for hunger It is impossible to find, if all of the householders were descendants of Antti Mulikka. The old Leppälä or Hokkala house was a part from Riekko. It was established in 1610. In 1832 former soldier Juho Joonaksenpoika Wik and his wife Leena Tuomaantytär Tjeder bought the Leppälä house and started to call it as Hokkala. The new Hokkala house was built in 1864 by his son Heikki Juhonpoika Hokkanen and his wife Kaisa Ulvotuinen, who was descendant from the Keisari family. Details of this family can be found from my book Sotamies Heikki Matinpoika Stensiön suku, which was published in 2015 and can be downloaded from my home page www.askovuorinen.fi. They are all my ancestors. However, the house was bought by Huuha family in 1926 and the house has reamained on their posession since then. The present householder of the house is Pirkko Linna. 18

The new Hokkala house was built by Heikki Wik, Hokkanen and his wife Kaisa Ulvotuinen in 1864. Heikki was a descendant of Soldier Heikki Matinpoika Stensiö and Kaisa was a descendant of Vilppu Keisari. The present householder of the house is Pirkko Linna, who is not a descendant of Antti Mulikka. Mulikka or Mietala was surrounded by Karanka and Hepolampi lakes. Jokela and Kuoppala are south from Mulikka. 19

2.4 Jokela The second farm which was split from Riekko was Jokela. Jokela was to the South from Riekko on the east coast of Karanka Lake. Paavo Antinpoika Mulikka had a son Yrjö Paavonpoika Mulikka, who was the first householder of Jokela. The householders were following: 1) Yrjö Paavonpoika Mulikka 1678 1690 2) his son Matti Yrjönpoika Mulikka 1691 1696 died for hunger 3) his brother Paavo Yrjönpoika Mulikka 1697 1708 4) Olavi Heikinpoika 1709 1713 5) Antti Paavonpoika 1714 Also for the time the householder died for hunger in the year 1696. Jokela became back to Mulikka family in 1901, when Juho Möksy and his wife Johanna Vehkamäki bought the house (Table 170). Johanna Vehkamäki is a descendant to Antti Mulikka. Then the owners were following: 1) Juho Möksy b. 1848 and his wife Johanna Vehkamäki, land was divided 2) Eino Möksy b. 1900 and his wife Lyyli Rentola 3) Arvo Möksy b. 1931 and his wife Saara Poikonen 2.5 Kuoppala or Muhola The third farm originated from Riekko was Kuoppala. Householder of Jokela, Yrjö Paavonpoika Mulikka, had a son Erkki Yrjönpoika Mulikka, who was the first householder of Kuoppala or Muhonen. The householders were following: 1) Erkki Yrjönpoika Mulikka 1695 1707 2) his son Mikko Yrjönpoika Mulikka 1710 1723 3) Matti Erkinpoika 1724 1739 4) Matti Samuelinpoika 1740 1748 It is not known, if these last two belong to Antti Mulikka s descendants. 20

2.6 Vilppu Keisari Householder of Kuoppala or Muhola, Erkki Yrjönpoika Mulikka, had two sons Paavo and Erkki Mulikka, who both married daughters from Keisari family. Paavo Erkinpoika Mulikka married Susanna Erkintytär Keisari became as a householder of Keisari farm from 1733 to 1751. He was called as Paavo Keisari according to the name of the house. Erkki Erkinpoika Mulikka married Liisa Erkintytär Keisari. Additionally, Helga Heikintytär Mulikka married Erkki Heikinpoka Keisari. Paavo Erkinpoika Mulikka oli Keisarin talon isäntänä. Keisari farmhouse (Source: Keisarin suku, Keisarinmäeltä maailmalle IB). Paavo, Erkki and Helga Mulikka had large families and their descendants have been documented in five large Keisari-Mulikka family books, which include about 100 000 names: I Keisarinmäeltä maailmalle - Från Kejsarsbacken ut i världen (1993) I b Keisarinmäeltä maailmalle (2005) II Keisarin Mulikoita (1996) III Mulikoita vielä kerran (1999) IV Mulikoista piispoihin (2002) 21

Books about Keisari family include about 100 000 names, of which most persons are descendants of Antti Mulikka, because Paavo, Erkki and Helga Mulikka married with descendants of Vilppu Keisari. 22

3 Descendants of Antti Mulikka in Sweden 3.1 Forest Finns Swedish Karl IX (King of Sweden 1604-1611) promised free land and nine year tax breaks for all Finns, who want to move to the Swedish forests. Thus many Finns from the West and Middle of Finland moved there. These Finns were started to be called as Forest Finns. However, this promise was not realized by his followers Gustaf II Adolf (King 1612-1632) and Kristina (Queen 1633-1654). Swedes found iron from the areas and suddenly they wanted to get the land and iron to themselves. The Swedes made a new law, which stated that slash-and-burn method used by Forest Finns was forbidden. It was legal to burn their houses and many Swedes burned them. The Forest Finns were offered to avoid jail by moving to New Sweden. Thus many of the Finns moved to Norway or to Americas. The places, where the Forest Finns lived. Antti (Anders) and Tapani (Steffen) were living for some time in Mora near Orsa. 23

3.2 Descendants of Antti Mulikka There should be a lot of early descendants of Antti Mulikka, who moved to Sweden. However, they have not been found. Most of the known early Forest Finns moved to Norway and to Americas. The land was taken from them and their names were converted to Swedish form. So it is possible that they will be found later by DNA-studies The DNA-data from the Nordic Countries indicate that about 7 % of Sweden inhabitants belong to y-haplogroup N1c1 (See 1.1). This is a clear indication of Finnish origin. This same N1c1 mark has every male, which has his paternal line to Antti Mulikka. At least four of descendants of Antti Mulikka have moved to Sweden during these early years. One of them, Tapani or Steffen, moved from Sweden to Norway. Another, Pauli or Pål Juhonpoika, Moved to New Sweden or Americas. The Finns have been outlaws in Sweden, they did not have rights to own the land and thus many of them wanted to hide their Finnish origin. Additionally, the householder of Riekko Matti Paavonpoika Mulikka moved to Sweden in 1637 according to the land records. Also Antti Tapaninpoika Mulikka moved to Sweden near Orsa in 1620. However, descendants of these two have not been found. Today, the status of the old Forest Finns has changed, because Daniel Westling, husband of Princess Victoria, has found to descend from a Forest Finn family. If Sweden will remain as a kingdom, after some 40-60 years, the new Queen of Sweden will have Forest Finn background. Also the new Princess Sofia, wife of Prince Carl Philip, has Forest Finns as his ancestors. Familytree Forest Finns DNA-project has found following birth places of the forefathers of Forest Finns, which belong to haplogroup N. Most of them were near Oslo in Norway. 24

Many descendants of Antti Mulikka lived near the border between Norway and Sweden. The Finnish names can be seen in the map, which was made by a Finnish scientist Carl Axel Gottlund in 1826. 25

4 Descendants of Antti Mulikka in Norway 4.1 Rögden Lake in Grue Finnskog Many of the descendants of Antti Mulikka can be found around Rögden Lake in Grue Finnskog. Most part of the lake belongs to Norway, but South Eastern corner (Purala) is in Sweden. On Norway side Gottlund marked houses of Mulikkala, Kalnäset, Lintorp and Räisälä. Map around Rögden lake in Grue Finnskog made by Carl Axel Gottlund in 1826. 4.2 Vålberget (Mulikkala) Steffen Pålsson (Tapani Paavonpoika) Mulikka moved from Pääjärvi first to Sweden, where he lived in Orsa and moved then to Hamra. Finally he moved to Norway, to Vålberget on the south coast of Rögden Lake. The place was called as Mulikkala according to his name. Mulikkala farm was established in 1644 1645 and in 1657 he had three horses and 20 cows. Size of the farm was about 1000 hectars. Steffen Tapani Mulikka (Table 4) had a large family and he is the great grandfather of several Finns in the Grue Finnskog area in Hedmark in Norway. Mulikkala has remained on the ownership of the descendants of Steffen Mulikka. One of latest owners of the farm is Mikael Wahlberg, who has been also DNA tested to be descendant to Antti Mulikka. 26

Mulikkala building (Foto by Michail Wåhlberg). Also many other persons born in Vålberg house used Vålberg as their family name because the habit was to use name of the house as family name by that time. Rödgen Lake can be found on the north east corner of the map about 100 km from Oslo near Swedish border. 27

Vålberget (Mulikkala) is located on the south coast of Rögden Lake, at Grue Finnskog. Tvengsberget was on the north coast of the lake. 4.3 Tvengsberget On the other side of Rödgen Lake a new farm Tvengesberget was establsihed by Räisänen family from Finland. Their grand daughter was married by Ole Henrikssen Mulikka, Kalneset b. 1750. They lived in Tvengsberget house and probably built the house in picture below. Tvengsberget in the year 1930 on the north bank of Lake Rödgen. 28

Norwegian and Swedish descendants of Antti Mulikka near the place, where Antti Mulikka built his house Riekko in 1564 on the top of Mulikka Hill in Pääjärvi. Hokkala building on the background. Descendants of Antti Mulikka, Jan Myrvold, Jorma Höykinpuro, Micail Wålberg and Arvo Möksy, seeing each other for the first time on 19 th of July in 2015 at Mulikka House in Pääjärvi Finland. 29

Translation from the stone: On this hill Antti Mulikka built its Riekko house in 1564. With the same courage his descendants have been continuing taming wild nature in Sweden, Norway and Delaware. Keisarin sukuseura ry 1997. 30

5 New Sweden New Sweden was established by Kristina (Queen 1633-1654). It was on the west coast of Delaware River. However, not many of the Swedes wanted to move there and thus the authorities forced the Forest Finns to go there. They made a law which made their hunting of moose and slash-and-burn method of cultivation criminal in Sweden. The many of the houses of the Forest Finns were burned down and the land was taken from them. They were offered as freedom from jail, if they will move to New Sweden. Thus most of the settlers in New Sweden were Finns. They lived in the beginning near Castle Fort Christina as servant to pay back the costs of their voyage. Then they were free to move in the area. Many of the Finns moved to east side of Delaware River, New Jersey. Delaware and New Jersey in 1638 shows Mullica River and Mullica Hill. 31

5.1 Settlers to New Sweden All together 12 voyages were made from Sweden to Delaware, but only 10 ships arrived there. About 75 % of the settlers were Finns. Most of the Finns arrived with Örn (Eagle) and Mercurius. Örn had 250 settlers, but 100 of them died during the voyage. Katt sunk, but about 5 survivors arrived to New Sweden. The voyage with Örn was very dangerous. The trip started from Gothenburg, where about 350 people were ready for the voyage. Only 250 people started their journey, but only 150 arrived to New Sweden in 1654. About 100 had died from hunger and many deceases during the voyage. Totally about 400 passengers, of which 300 were Finns, have arrived to New Sweden according to my estimation. Journeys to New Sweden (evaluated by Asko Vuorinen) No Ship Swedes Finns Total Dead Departure Arrival 1 Kalmar Nyckel Nov. 1637 Mar.1638 2 Kalmar Nyckel 1 1 Sep. 1639 Apr.1640 3 Freeburg 0 8 8 1641 4 Kalmar Nyckel and Caritas 10 40 50 July 1641 Nov. 1641 5 Svan and Fama 5 10 15 Sep. 1642 Jan. 1643 6 Fama 5 15 20 Dec. 1643 Mar. 1644 7 Gyllene Haj 0 0 0 May. 1646 Oct.1646 8 Svan 10 30 40 Aug. 1647 Jan. 1648 9 Katt (sunk) 1 4 5 35 10 Örn (Eagle) 50 100 150 100 May.1654 11 Gyllene Haj (to New York) 12 Mercurius 13 92 105 Nov. 1655 Mar. 1656 Total 94 300 394 135 24 % 76 % 100 % 5.2 None so good in Finland (Maryland) The fourth son of Antti Mulikka was Juho Antinpoika Mulikka, who moved from Finland to Sweden. Juho had at least one son Paavo Juhonpoika Mulikka, who was named by the Swedish priests as Pål Jönsson. Actually, he was Finnish origin and Finnish speaking person who lived in the Finn Forests as many other Finns of the time. Pål Jönsson moved with his large family to Americas with Örn (Eagle) ship in 1654. He lived near Christina for the first year to pay back his voyage. Then he moved then near todays Wilmington. He bought from Maryland side a land property, which he named as None so good in Finland. Pål Jönsson (Paavo Juhonpoika Mulikka) is one of the few forefathers of Delaware, which The Swedish Colonial Society has listed to be Finnish origin. However, his name is still in 32

the Swedish American form Pål Jönsson Mullikka, which was written with two l-letters ( https://colonialswedes.net/). Now we know that he is also a grandson of Antti Mulikka, because the ydna-markers of his paternal lines in Finland and USA have about the same STR-markers. However, the American laboratories do not have many tested original Finns and thus they do not necessary know N1c1 y-haplogroup, which is the most common in Finland The ships from Sweden arriwed in Fort Cristina in Delaware in today s Wilmington. It can be easily found today by driving trough Philadelphia about 200 km from New York. Mullica Hill is in Gloucester County in New Jersey. Mullica Township is in Atlantic County. 33

5.3 Mullica Plantation (Mullica Township) One of Paavo s sons was Erkki Mulikka, who was called as Eric Mullica Senior in Americas. He moved on the coast of a river, which is still today called as Mullica River and the area as Mullica Plantation. The Mullica Township was also named after Eric Mullica. He is said to be the first white settler in the long area in the Atlantic coast from Cape May to Mullica River. The Indians who lived in the area before Eric Mullica were called as Mullican Indians, while they made trade with Eric Mullica. Eric purchased furs of animals, which were sold to Sweden and other places. The ships which were coming back from New Sweden to Sweden had mostly furs and tobacco as their cargo. In his old days Eric Senior moved to Mullica Hill where his sons William (Olavi) Mullica and Eric (Erkki) Mullica had built their houses. Mullica Township (Twp.) and Mullica River can be found near the road from Mullica Hill to Atlantic City in New Jersey. 34

5.4 Mullica Hill (Harrison Township) Eric Mullica (Erkki Mulikka) senior had three sons, which moved to Raccoon Creek and built their houses in place which is still called as Mullica Hill. The houses of William (Olavi) and Eric junior (Erkki) Mullica can still be found on 20 North Main Street in Mullica Hill. The brothers have been buried in Swedesboro Holy Trinity Churchyard about nine kilometers from Mullica Hill to the west. Swedesboro or Earlier Raccoon Creek was a Swedish parish, which covered also Mullica Hill area. All of the earlier graves in Swedesboro have Swedish names like Matts Mattsson, even most of early settlers were Finnish speaking with names like Erkki Erikinpoika Mulikka (Eric Ericson). In Sweden the last names were not used as on the contrary in Finland. The Swedish priests have so destroyed the original names of the Finns and destroyed so also the origins of them. However, Mulikka name has remained in history in its American form Mullica. New descendants can be now found by DNA-studies. The same truth is valid for descendants in Sweden, which have also disappeared. Mullica Hill is located in Gloucester County, in Harrison Township very near from the New York - Washington Highway 295. 35

William (Olavi) Mullica built this house in 1704 in Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Eric (Erkki) Mullica junior built this house in 1704 in Mullica Hill, New Jersey. 36

Holy Trinity Church in Swedesboro has a very old graveyard, where William, Eric and John Mullica have been buried. Swedish Cabin was moved to Swedesboro graveyard. It was probably built by a Finn 37

DYF406S1 DYS511 DYS425 DYS413 DYS557 DYS594 DYS436 DYS490 DYS534 DYS450 DYS444 DYS481 DYS520 DYS446 DYS617 DYS568 DYS487 DYS572 DYS640 DYS492 DYS565 DYS464 DYS460 Y-GATA-H4 YCAII DYS456 DYS607 DYS576 DYS570 CDY DYS442 DYS438 DYS531 DYS578 DYF395S1 DYS590 DYS537 DYS641 DYS472 DYS393 DYS390 DYS19 DYS391 DYS385 DYS426 DYS388 DYS439 DYS389i DYS392 DYS389ii DYS458 DYS459 DYS455 DYS454 DYS447 DYS437 DYS448 DYS449 ANTTI MULIKKA AND HIS DESCENDANTS 6 Mulikka-Keisari-Roivanen DNA Project We have started ynda project or Mulikka, Keisari and Roivanen families. You can find the project in my home page at (http://www.askovuorinen.fi/page35.php). Antti Mulikka has proved to be in ydna haplogroup N, in which about 62 % of Finnish men belong. It mutation N-M178 was born near the Ural Mounatins about 8000 years ago. Everybody, who has found that his STR markers have following numbers with less than 4 in difference belong to the same MKR-clan. Until today 10 persons of these three MKR-families have been tested. Each of them has the match with 63 markers in the ydna67 marker test. Thus they should be relatives with each other. The common ancestor has these STR-markers: 14 25 14 11 11-13 11 12 10 14 14 30 17 10-10 11 12 25 14 19 31 13-13-14-14 11 12 18-18 14 15 18 18 36-36 12 10 11 8 15-17 8 8 10 8 11 10 12 21-22 14 10 12 12 17 7 13 20 21 14 12 11 10 11 11 12 11 You can order tests through familytreedna.com pages. YDNA67-test will cost about 280 USD. It will test all 67 STR-markers, which is necessary to determine the haplogroup and analyse, if you are a member of these families. By ordering a Big Y test it is possible to find the more exact place in the haplotree of Finnish origin people. We know today that the forefathers of Antti Mulikka belong to the haplogroup N-CST10082, which are the Karelians and Savonian Finns. The place in the haplotree can be found in figure on the next page. From the latest Big-Y studies we have found indication that forefathers of Mulikka Family belog to the haplogroup CST8565, which is a Savonian branch from the Karelian haplotree. 38

The ANTTI MULIKKA AND HIS DESCENDANTS Haplotree shows the place CST10082, which are the forefathers of Karelian and Sovonian people (Source: G. Dunkel 15.5.2015) 39

7 Names in Finnish and Norwegian records All the names in Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian and New Jersey Records were recorded by Swedes priests, who used only Swedish language. They converted all Finnish names to corresponding Swedish names. Thus the Finnish names like Antti and Erkki became Anders and Erik even they were never called by these Swedes names. About 95 % of population in Finland has been Finnish speaking. In the Middle of Finland and Savo almost 100 % has had Finnish as their mother language. But the priests had to speak Swedes and make all the church records in Swedish language. The law was changed in Finland in the year 1860 and after 1880 the names in church books were written in Finnish language in those municipalities, which had Finnish majority. Then Anders became Antti as it really was all the time. I have used the original Finnish names in descendants of Antti Mulikka, if they lived in Finland. When they moved to Americas and Norway, I have been also using the names as they were appearing in their records. Even today Swedish is an obligatory language in Finnish schools and civil servants have to be able speak Swedish in all those municipalities, which have Swedish speaking minorities. However, in Sweden there is no obligation of any civil servants to speak Finnish even the Finnish speaking population in Sweden is as large as Swedish speaking population in Finland. Finnish English Swedish Norwegian ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -poika -son -sson -sen -tytär -daughter -dotter -datter talollinen houseowner bonde emäntä wife of houseowner bondehustru torppari householder no ownership torppare lampuoti householder of noble family landbonde itsellinen self occupied sotilas soldier soldat 40

8 FAMILY TABLES Antti Mulikka b. n. 1530 Savo, Finland and his descendants total 904 tables Printed: 15.08.2015 Author: Asko Vuorinen Lokirinne 8 A 25 02320 Espoo Telephone 0440-451022 askovuorinen@gmail.com SUKUJUTUT -program ATK-palvelu Luhtasaari Seinäjoki 41

TABLE 1 I Antti Mulikka, lampuoti, Riekon uudistilan isäntä 1564-1600, b. n. 1530 Savo, Finland. Antti Mulikka perusti Riekon tilan Saarijärven pitäjään kuuluvalle Karankamäelle, jota alettiin kutsua hänen mukaansa Mulikaksi. Antti oli lampuoti, koska talon maat kuuluivat vuodesta 1562 alkaen Sääksmäen kihlakunnan tuomarina toimineen Jaakko Henrikinpoika Hästeskon Siuntiossa olevan Sjundbyn kartanon alustiloihin. Tilan koko oli tuolloin noin 10.000 ha (25.000 eekkeriä). Tila on jaettu 450 vuoden aikana useiksi pienemmiksi tiloiksi. Riekon päätila muutti nimensä myöhemmin Mietalaksi. Tilaa jatkoi Antin pojista Paavo, jonka jälkeläiset on dokumentoitu suureksi osaksi Keisarin suureen sukukirjoissa, joissa on esitetty yli 100 000 Paavon jälkeläisen ja heidän puolisonsa nimet. Nuutille lohkaistiin Riekosta Leppälän tila, joka muutti nimensä Hokkalaksi. Tapani muutti Ruotsiin lähelle Orsaa. Hänen jälkeläisensä muuttivat Norjan puolelle Grue Finnskogiin, jossa on Vålberget eli Mulikkalaksi nimetty paikka Rögden järven etelärannalla. Juho muutti myös Ruotsiin, josta hänen pojistaan Paavo "Pål" muutti Uuteen Ruotsiin, Delawareen. Pål saapui Amerikkaan Örnen laivalla toukokuussa 1654 vaimonsa ja lastensa kanssa. Hänen poikansa Eric Mullica muutti New Jerseyn puolelle, jossa on hänen nimeä kantava joki, Mullica River ja kauppala, Mullica Township. Ericin pojat William (Olavi), Eric (Erkki) ja John (Juho) muuttivat New Jerseyn puolella paikkaan, joka on nimetty heidän mukaansa Mullica Hilliksi. -------------------------- Antti Mulikka established his farm Riekko on the coast of Karankajärvi-lake in the Middle of Finland in 1564. The place is still called as Mulikka after his name. The original size of his land was about 25 000 acres, which has been divided to several smaller farms during the last 450 years. He had four sons Paavo, Nuutti, Matti and Juho. Paavo remained in his father s house Riekko. His descendants have been partly documented in five Keisari family books, which include about 100 000 names. The farm Riekko has changed its name to Mietala and the original farmhouse has been removed. Mietala farm belongs to day to descendants of Antti Mulikka. His second son Nuutti established his own farm Leppälä, whích a part from Riekko. Leppälä was named as Hokkala later, when the former soldier Juho Wik and his wife Leena Tjeder moved there and one of his sons was Heikki, who built the new two floor house on the top of Mulikka hill. His third son was Tapani (Steffen) who moved the Sweden near Orsa. His descendants moved to Grue Finnskog in Norway. Their house was on the southern coast of Rödgen lake in Vålberget, which was also called as Mulikkala. The fourth son Juho moved to Sweden. One of Juho's sons was Paavo "Pål" Mullica, who moved to New Sweden in Delaware in ship Örn (Eagle) in May 1654. His son Eric moved to new Jersey side, where still today is a Mullica River and Mullica Township, which were named after him. Eric had three sons, William (Olavi), Eric (Erkki) and John (Juho), who established a village, Mullica Hill in New Jersey. William's and Eric's houses can still be seen in Mullica Hill today. 1. Paavo Mulikka, b. n. 1565 Pääjärvi, Riekko. To table 2. 2. Nuutti Mulikka, b. n. 1567 Pääjärvi, Riekko. To table 743. 3. Tapani (Staffan) Mulikka, b. n. 1570 Pääjärvi, Riekko. To table 748. 4. Juho Mulikka, b. n. 1572 Saarijärvi, Pääjärvi, Riekko. To table 749. TABLE 2 (from table 1) II Paavo Antinpoika Mulikka, lampuoti, Riekon isäntä 1600-1633, b. n. 1565 Pääjärvi, Riekko. Spouse: Valpuri Mulikka,. 1. Matti Mulikka, b. n. 1595 Pääjärvi, Riekko. To table 3. 2. Tapani "Steffen" Mulikka, b. 1600 Saarijärvi, Pääjärvi. To table 4. 3. Paavo Mulikka, b. 1610 Saarijärvi, Pääjärvi, Riekko. To table 115. TABLE 3 (from table 2) III Matti Paavonpoika Mulikka, lampuoti, Riekon isäntä 1634-1637, b. n. 1595 Pääjärvi, Riekko. Muutti Saarijärven historian kirjan mukaan Ruotsiin vuonna 1637. Spouse: Anna Mulikka,. III TABLE 4 (from table 2) Tapani "Steffen" Paavonpoika Mulikka, 42

uustilallinen Vålbergetin (Mulikkalan) perustaja, b. 1600 Saarijärvi, Pääjärvi, d. n. 1650 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Vålberget. Prof. Saloheimon mukaan Tapani (Steffen Pålsson) muutti Karankamäestä (Mulikasta) Ruotsiin 1620, jossa hän asui ensin Orsassa vuoteen 1631 asti ja sitten vähän pohjoisempana Hamraan. Vuonna 1640 hän muutti Norjan puolelle Grue Finnskogiin, jossa on hän rakensi talonsa Vålbergetiin Stora Rögden järven eteläpuolelle. Paikkaa alettiin kutsua Mulikkalaksi tai Mulikanmäeksi --------------------------------------- According to Prof. Salohemo Tapani Mulikka (Steffen Pålsson) moved from Mulikka to Sweden in 1620, where he lived in Orsa until 1631 and until 1640 in Hamra. He moved in 1640 to Norway, Grue Finnskog, where he built his house on the South side of Stora Rögden Lake in Vålberget. The place was called as Mulikkala or Mullica House. Spouse: Mulikka,. 1. Pål Mulikka, b. n. 1620 Ruotsi, Orsa, Sandsjö. 2. Mulikka. To table 5. 3. Steffen Mulikka, b. 1620 Sweden, Sandsjö, Nästgård, Orsa. To table 25. 4. Henrik Mulikka, b. n. 1630. To table 92. 5. Erik Mulikka, b. n. 1635 Ruotsi, Orsa. To table 96. 6. Annika Mulikka, b. 1641 Ruotsi, Orsa. To table 97. TABLE 5 (from table 4) IV Steffensdatter Mulikka,. Spouse: Erik Klemmetsson Porkka, b. n. 1615. Parents: Klemet Henriksson Porkka and Porkka. 1. Marit Porkka, b. n. 1637. To table 6. 2. Henrik Porkka, b. n. 1640, d. 14.12.1730 Ruotsi, Östmark. 3. Gjertrud Porkka, b. n. 1640. To table 16. 4. Steffen Porkka, b. n. 1657, d. 1732 Brandval Finnskog, Öieren. 5. Olof Porkka,. 6. Anders Porkka,. 7. Erik Porkka,. 8. Lars Porkka,. TABLE 6 (from table 5) V Marit Eriksdotter Porkka, b. n. 1637. Spouse: Johan Sigfridsson Hämäläinen, b. n. 1641. 1. Klemet Hämäläinen, b. 1665 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn. To table 7. 2. Britta Hämäläinen, b. n. 1675. To table 8. 3. Maritt Hämäläinen. To table 9. 4. Sigfrid Hämäläinen, b. 1680 Lekvattnet, Vittjärn. To table 12. 5. Johan Hämäläinen, b. n. 1681 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn. To table 13. 6. Anders Hämäläinen, b. 1683 Lekvattnet, Vittjärn. To table 15. TABLE 7 (from table 6) VI Klemet Johansson Hämäläinen, b. 1665 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn, d. 12.1.1725 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn. Spouse: Karin Persdotter Hämäläinen, b. n. 1669, d. 9.10.1740 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn. 1. Karin Hämäläinen, b. n. 1695. 2. Marit Hämäläinen, b. 1697. 3. Oluf Hämäläinen, b. 1702 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn, d. 1.7.1729 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn. TABLE 8 (from table 6) VI Britta Johansdotter Hämäläinen, b. n. 1675. Spouse: Olof Mickelsson Käck, b. 1697. 1. Karin Käck, b. 17.4.1713 Östmar, Fäbavken. TABLE 9 (from table 6) VI Maritt Johansdotter Hämäläinen,. Spouse: 6.8.1714 Per Sigfridsson Hotakka, b. n. 1690 Östmark, Gransjöen. 1. Sigfrid Hotakka, b. 25.5.1715 Östmark, Gransjön. To table 10. 2. Olof Hotakka, b. 1716. TABLE 10 (from table 9) VII Sigfrid Persson Hotakka, b. 25.5.1715 Östmark, Gransjön, d. 1784 Brandval Finnskog, Gräsberget. Spouse: Lisbet Hanrikssen Mulikka, Karttunen, From table 76, 85, b. 1712 Grue Finnskog, Kalneset, d. 1791 Brandval Finnskog, Gräsberget. Parents: Henrik Steffensen Mulikka and Eli Eriksdatter Suhoinen, Vålberg. 43

1. Berte Hotakka, b. 1745. 2. Anne Hotakka, b. 1748 Brandval Finnskog, Gräsberget. To table 11. 3. Kari Hotakka, b. 1751 Brandval Finnskog, Gräsberget. 4. Eli Hotakka, b. 1754. 5. Ole Hotakka, b. 1756. TABLE 11 (from table 10) VIII Anne Sigfridsdatter Hotakka, b. 1748 Brandval Finnskog, Gräsberget. Spouse: Olof Nilsson,. TABLE 12 (from table 6) VI Sigfrid Johansson Hämäläinen, b. 1680 Lekvattnet, Vittjärn, d. 8.2.1741 Lekvattnet, Långsjöhöjden. Spouse: Karin Mattsdotter Hämäläinen, b. 1676. 1. Maritt Hämäläinen, b. 2.6.1707 Lekvattnet, Vittjärn. 2. Elin Hämäläinen, b. 6.8.1709. 3. Matts Hämäläinen, b. 1712. 4. Johan Hämäläinen,. 5. Mattes Hämäläinen, b. Lekvattnet, Vittjärn. 6. Sigfrid Hämäläinen, b. 1714 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn, d. 1.12.1731 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn. 7. Annika "Anne" Hämäläinen, b. 1715. 8. Anders Hämäläinen, b. n. 1718 Lekvatnet, Långsjöhöjden, d. 1.12.1731 Lekvatnet, Långsjöhöjden. 9. Oluf Hämäläinen, b. 1720 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn. TABLE 13 (from table 6) VI Johan Johansson Hämäläinen, b. n. 1681 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn, d. 1.3.1733 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn, Långsjöhöjden. Spouse: 24.6.1710 Annika Mattsdatter Soikkainen, Hämäläinen, b. n. 1683 Vinger, Varaldskogen. 1. Anders Hämäläinen, b. 14.12.1710. 2. Marit Hämäläinen, b. 14.4.1712 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn. To table 14. 3. Johan Hämäläinen, b. 1714. 4. Annicka Hämäläinen, b. 1715. 5. Kari Hämäläinen, b. 14.2.1718 Lekvattnet, Vittjärn, d. 25.5.1742 Lekvattnet, Långsjöhöjden. 6. Elisabeth "Lisa" Hämäläinen, b. 1720. 7. Valborg Hämäläinen, b. 26.5.1725. 8. Matts Hämäläinen, b. 28.3.1727 Lekvattnet, Vittjärn. TABLE 14 (from table 13) VII Marit Johansdotter Hämäläinen, b. 14.4.1712 Lekvatnet, Vittjärn. Spouse: 26.1.1745 Fryksände Mathis Persson,. TABLE 15 (from table 6) VI Anders Johansson Hämäläinen, b. 1683 Lekvattnet, Vittjärn. Spouse: Ellika Pålsdotter Kukkoinen, Hämäläinen, b. 1697 Gräsmark, Långenäs, d. n. 1760 Lekvattnet, Västra Mellanstuga. 1. Johan Hämäläinen, b. 28.2.1713 Vittjärn, Långsjöhöjden. 2. Anders Hämäläinen, b. 1715. 3. Karin Hämäläinen, b. 15.1.1718 Vittjärn, Långsjöhöjden. 4. Påhl Hämäläinen, b. 1719. 5. Anna Hämäläinen, b. 5.3.1723 Vittjärn, Långsjöhöjden. 6. Sigfrid Hämäläinen, b. 1724 Vitjärn, Långsjöhöjden. 7. Mattes Hämäläinen, b. 1729. TABLE 16 (from table 5) V Gjertrud Eriksdatter Porkka, b. n. 1640, d. 1741 Varaldsoken, Södre Aronstorpet. Spouse: Samuel Henriksson Orainen, d. 1729. 1. Kari Orainen, b. Östmark, Arnsjön. To table 17. 2. Mattis Orainen, b. 1679 Östmark, Arnsjön. To table 18. 3. Anne Orainen, b. 1684 Östermat, Arnsjöen. To table 19. 4. Henrik Orainen, b. n. 1685 Östmark, Arnsjön. To table 20. 5. Erik Orainen, b. n. 1687. To table 23. 6. Marte Orainen, b. n. 1688 Vinger, Åranstorpet. To table 24. TABLE 17 (from table 16) VI Kari Samuelsdatter Orainen, b. Östmark, Arnsjön, d. 1767 Vinger, Varaldskogen, Viker. 44

Spouse: Henrik Pedersen Kirnuinen, b. n. 1670 Finnskog, Öieren Brandval, d. 1735 Vinger, Varaldskogen, Viker. 1. Erik Kirnuinen, b. n. 1698. 2. Mari Kirnuinen, b. 1704. 3. Johan Kirnuinen, b. 1708 Vinger, Varaldskogen, Viker, d. 1792 Vinger, Varaldskogen, Viker. 4. Helene Kirnuinen, b. 1710. 5. Hans Kirnuinen, b. 1713 Vinger, Varaldskogen, Viker, d. 1730 Vinger. 6. Peder Kirnuinen, b. 1718. 7. Karen Kirnuinen, b. 1723 Vinger, Varaldskoge, Viker, d. 1799 Vinger, Åserud. 8. Kirsten Kirnuinen, b. 1725 Vinger, Varaldsogen, Viker. TABLE 18 (from table 16) VI Mattis Samuelsen Orainen, b. 1679 Östmark, Arnsjön. Spouse: 10.10.1714 Annica Eriksotter Orainen, b. 1684 Norra Lekvattnet, d. 7.7.1756 Norra Lekvattnet. TABLE 19 (from table 16) VI Anne Samuelsdatter Orainen, b. 1684 Östermat, Arnsjöen, d. 1716 Vinger. Spouse: Abraham Pedersen Kirnuinen, b. n. 1680 Vinger, Varaldskogen, Abrahamstorpet. 1. Peder Kirnuinen, b. 1711. TABLE 20 (from table 16) VI Henrik Samuelssen Orainen, b. n. 1685 Östmark, Arnsjön, d. 1741 Gräsmark, Långtjärn. Spouse: 9.7.1717 Fryksände Maria Henriksdotter Orainen, b. 1685 Lekvattnet, Bredsjön, d. 4.1.1772 Gräsmark, Långtjärn. 1. Karin Orainen, b. 28.4.1718 Lekvattnet, Bredsjön. 2. Marit Orainen, b. 2.1.1720 Gräsmark, Långtjärn. To table 21. 3. Gertrud Orainen, b. 28.11.1721 Gräsmark, Långtjärn, d. 15.12.1782 Gräsmark, Långtjärn. 4. Annika Orainen, b. 1.1.1723. 5. Matts Orainen, b. 16.2.1726. 6. Maria Orainen, b. n. 1726 Gräsmark, Långtjärn. To table 22. 7. Henrik Orainen, b. 20.5.1728. TABLE 21 (from table 20) VII Marit Henriksdotter Orainen, b. 2.1.1720 Gräsmark, Långtjärn. Spouse: 7.10.1911 Fryksända Daniel Thomasson, b. 7.10.1711 Gräsmark, Borrsjön. TABLE 22 (from table 20) VII Maria Henriksdotter Orainen, b. n. 1726 Gräsmark, Långtjärn. Spouse: Henrik Mattsson Ikoinen, b. 30.5.1719 Gräsmark, Långtjärn. TABLE 23 (from table 16) VI Erik Samuelssen Orainen, b. n. 1687, d. 1757 Grue Finnskog, Svartberget. Spouse: 1714 Ingrid Steffensdatter Mulikka, From table 56, b. 1687, d. 1757. Parents: Steffen Steffensen Mulikka and Annika Tomasdatter Räisänen Lövhaugen, Mulikka. TABLE 24 (from table 16) VI Marte Samulsdatter Orainen, b. n. 1688 Vinger, Åranstorpet, d. 1758 Brandval Finnskog, Fensjöen. 1. spouse: Lars Danielsen Pälläinen, b. n. 1681 Brandval Finnskog, Öyeren. 1. Anne Pälläinen, b. 1706 Vinger, Åranstorpet. 2. spouse: 1710 Morten Johansen Nikarainen, b. n. 1680 Branval Finnskog. 2. Henrik Nikarainen, b. 1712. 3. Johan Nikarainen, b. 1714. 4. Erik Nikarainen, b. 1716. 5. Samuel Nikarainen, b. 1719. 6. Morten Nikarainen, b. 1721 Brandval Finnskog, Fensjöen. 7. Gjertrud Nikarainen, b. 1723. TABLE 25 (from table 4) IV Steffen Steffensen Mulikka, Vålbergetin isäntä, b. 1620 Sweden, Sandsjö, Nästgård, Orsa, d. 1678 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Vålberget. Spouse: Annika Pedersdatter Pennainen, Mulikka, b. 1626, d. 1679. Parents: Per Larsson Pennanen and Marit Andersson. 1. Anders Mulikka, b. n. 1650 Grue Finnskog, 45

Vålberget. To table 26. 2. Mulikka, Rintainen. To table 27. 3. Mats Mulikka. To table 28. 4. Lisbeth Mulikka, b. Grue Finnskog, Vålberget. 5. Annika Mulikka, b. 1660 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Vålberget, Mulikkala. To table 29. 6. Steffen Mulikka, b. 1662 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Vålberget. To table 56. 7. Britta Mulikka, b. n. 1667 Grue Finnskog, Vålberget. To table 74. 8. Margrete Mulikka, b. 1668 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Vålberget. 9. Henrik Mulikka, b. 1673 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Vålberget. To table 76. TABLE 26 (from table 25) V Anders Steffesen Mulikka, b. n. 1650 Grue Finnskog, Vålberget. Spouse: 28.11.1673 Ruotsi, Sunne Karin Pavelsdatter Liukkoinen, Mulikka, b. Ruotsi. TABLE 27 (from table 25) V Steffensdatter Mulikka, Rintainen,. Spouse: Bengt Jönsson Rintainen,. TABLE 28 (from table 25) V Mats Steffensen Mulikka,. Spouse: Mulikka,. 1. Staffan Mulikka,. 2. Per Mulikka,. TABLE 29 (from table 25) V Annika Steffensdatter Mulikka, b. 1660 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Vålberget, Mulikkala, d. 1726 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. Spouse: Ole (Olavi) Pedersen Räisänen, Tvengsberg, b. 1658 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Lövhaugen, d. 1715 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. Parents: Per Larssen Räisänen and Kari Olsdatter Orsa. 1. Johan Räisäinen, b. 1683 Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget, d. 1727 Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. 2. Per Räisäinen, b. 1685 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. To table 30. 3. Karin Räisänen, b. 1689 Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. To table 53. 4. Mari Räisänen, b. 1694 Hedmark, Finnskog, Tvengsberget. To table 54. 5. Lisbet Räisänen, b. 1698 Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget, d. 1718 Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. 6. Ole Räisäinen, b. n. 1701 Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. To table 55. TABLE 30 (from table 29) VI Per Olsen Räisäinen, b. 1685 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget, d. 1743 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. Spouse: Ingeborg Olsdatter, b. 1684, d. 1768 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. 1. Ole Räisäinen, b. 1715. 2. Lars Räisäinen, b. 1717 Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberg, d. 1718 Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberg. 3. Johan Räisäinen, b. 1719 Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. 4. Anders Räisäinen, b. 1721 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. To table 31. 5. Anne Räisäinen, b. 1723 Hedmark, Grue, Tvengsberget. To table 51. TABLE 31 (from table 30) VII Anders Persen Räisäinen, b. 1721 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget, d. 1802 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. Spouse: Kari Pedersdotter Navilainen, b. 1723 Sweden, Södra Viggen, Norra Ny, d. 1806 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. Parents: Peder Steffensen Navilainen and Ingrid Olsdatter Räisänen. 1. Ingeborg Kalneset, b. 1749 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget. To table 32. 2. Ole Räisänen, Tvengsberg, b. 1751. To table 45. TABLE 32 (from table 31) VIII Ingeborg Andersdatter Kalneset, b. 1749 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Tvengsberget, d. 11.4.1818 Hedmark, Grue Finnskog, Kalneset. Spouse: 1770 Ole Henriksen Mulikka, Kalneset, From table 79, b. 1750 Hedmark, Grue, Kalneset, d. 1801 Hedmark, Grue, Kalneset. Parents: Henrik Mathisen Mulikka and Anne Karlsdatter Karlstorpet. 1. Henrik Mulikka, Kalneset, b. 1770 46