Nopeaa elektroniikkaa Oulusta Juha Kostamovaara Oulun yliopisto Sähkö- ja tietotekniikan osasto Elektroniikan laboratorio PL 4500 FIN-90014 OULUN YLIOPISTO 08-553 2672 juha.kostamovaara@ee.oulu.fi
Research group senior researchers Dr. Eng. A. Mäntyniemi, Dr. Eng. S. Vainshtein, Dr. Eng. K. Määttä, Dr. Eng. Sami Karvonen, Dr. Eng. Juha Häkkinen postgraduate students J. Jansson, H. Binici, S. Kurtti, M. Borkowski, K. Lasanen, M. Loikkanen, V. Lyöri, I. Nissinen, J. Nissinen, J. Pehkonen, H. Rapakko, S. Zheng, E. Korhonen, L. Hallman graduate students M. Tuohimaa, H. Rytky, N. Yliaska
Key high-speed research activities Development of functional units (CMOS/BiCMOS) time-to-digital converters optical receivers + timing discriminators ΔΣ frequency synthesis AD interface at RF Development of devices laser diode structures, <50ps avalanche breakdown in Si and GaAs BJT s highspeed current switches, THz radiation Applications in (opto)electronic measurements laser ranging, fiber optic sensors
Pikosekuntielektroniikkaa? <1985, positronien elinaikaspektroskopiaa pulssin ilmaisu, aikavälin mittaaminen, ps! >1985, pulsed TOF ranging valon nopeus ps tarvitaan taas! useita kaupallisia sovelluksia, laitesuunnittelua >1990, rakennelohkokehitys puolijohde laserlähettimet/pulssittimet, optovastaanottimet, TDC-tekniikka IC-teknologioiden etujen hyödyntäminen >2000, tiedon soveltaminen oheisalueilla
Aikavälin mittaus sovellukset? mittalaitteet: oskilloskoopit, pulssigeneraattorit, viivegeneraattorit erikoismittaukset CMOS-viivanleveyden kaventuessa resoluutio amplitudialueessa heikkenee nopeus paranee aikaresoluutio paranee pyritään hyödyntämään! ylinäytteistys! ΔΣ AD-muunnos ΔΣ taajuussynteesi selektiivinen näytteistys
Time-to-digital conversion how to achieve simultaneously high sshot precision, linearity and stability? counting + interpolation T = T 1 +T 12 -T 2 systematic errors are randomized!
Architecture example
CMOS TDC with ps resolution with low f ref 0.35 μm CMOS f ref = 6 MHz recycling factor = 40 int.ratio = 17280 LSB = 9.645ps rms = 10.6ps rms with INL cor = 6ps range 0.8ns 1ms drift <0.4ps/ C p diss = 35mW 2.2 * 2 mm 2
Single shot precision (rms)
Laser radar generations 1 st gen 2 nd gen 3 rd gen
Seeing chips 4 photo detectors 4 receiver channels 4 time-to-digital converters 4 TDCs
Some recent publications J. Jansson, A. Mäntyniemi, J. Kostamovaara, A CMOS Time-to-Digital Converter with Better than 10 ps Single-Shot Precision, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 41, No. 6, June 2006, pp. 1286-1296. J. Pehkonen, P. Palojärvi, J. Kostamovaara, Receiver Channel with Resonance-Based Timing Detection for a Laser Range Finder, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, Volume 53, Issue 3, March 2006, pp. 569-577 P. Palojärvi, T. Ruotsalainen, J. Kostamovaara, A 250MHz Fully Differential BiCMOS Receiver Channel with Leading Edge Timing Discriminator for Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Rangefinder, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 40, Issue 6, June 2005, pp. 1341-1349. S. Vainshtein, V: Yuferev, J. Kostamovaara, Analyses of the Picosecond Range Transient in a High-Power Switch Based on a Bipolar GaAs Transistor Structure, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Volume 52, Issue 12, Dec. 2005, pp. 2760-2768. S. Vainshtein, V. Yuferev, J. Kostamovaara, Ultra-high field multiple Gunn domains as the physical reason for superfast (picosecond range) switching of a bipolar GaAs transistor, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 97, No. 2, January 2005, 024502, 9 p. M. Levinshtein, J. Kostamovaara, S. Vainshtein "Breakdown Phenomena in Semiconductors and Semiconductor Devices", World Scientific, Singapore - New Jersey -London- Hong Kong, 2005, (Selected topics in electronics and systems - v.36, eds. M.S.Shur and R.F. Devis) Lanz Brigitte, Vainshtein, Sergey & Kostamovaara, Juha, High power gain-switched laser diode using a superfast GaAs avalanche transistor for pumping, Applied Physics Letters Vol 89, No 8 (Aug, 081122) (2006), 3 p. S. Karvonen, T. Riley, S. Kurtti, J. Kostamovaara, "A Quadrature charge-domain sampler with embedded FIR and IIR filtering functions, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Volume 41, No. 2, Feb. 2006, pp. 507-515. S. Karvonen, T. Riley, J. Kostamovaara, "Charge-domain FIR sampler filter with programmable filtering coefficients, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, Volume 53, Issue 3, March 2006, pp. 192-196. T. Riley, N. Filiol, Q. Du, J. Kostamovaara, Techniques for In-Band Noise Reduction in ΔΣ Synthesizers, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal processing, Vol. 50, No. 11, November 2003, pp. 794-803. T. Riley and J. Kostamovaara, "A hybrid ΔΣ fractional-n frequency synthesizer", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal processing, Vol. 50, No. 4, April 2003, pp. 176-180. M. Borkowski, T.A.D. Riley, J. Hakkinen, Juha Kostamovaara, A Practical Delta-Sigma Modulator Design Method Based on Periodical Behavior Analysis, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, Vol. 52, No. 10, Oct. 2005, pp. 626-630. Rapakko, H.; Kostamovaara, On the Performance and use of an Improved Source Follower Buffer, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Volume 54, Issue 3, March 2007, pp.504-517