Finnish space research activities within IPY K. Kauristie 1), R. Harrison2), A. Weatherwax 3), R. Vainio 4) IHY and ICESTAR Teams 5) Finnish Meteorological Institute 6) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, UK 7) Siena College, USA 8) University of Helsinki
4th International Polar Year: March 2007 March 2009 228 projects, 166 in science, 52 in education and outreach
IPY Project 63: Heliosphere impact on geospace Conducted by ICESTAR, IHY (International Heliophysical Year) and 27 other consortia with scientists from 22 countries. Science about coupling phenomena affected by solar activity and cosmic background radiation Between the different atmospheric layers Between the magnetosphere and ionosphere Between the different hemispheres In addition Development of Virtual Observatories New instrumentation and technology http://www.ipy-id63.org
EISCAT radars: Te, Ti, Ne, Vi Te, Ti, Ne, Vi Ionosphere coupling with lower atmospheric layers Dedicated IPY-run in Svalbard (March 2007 ): E.g. Space Debris monitoring, especially the consequences of the Chinese ASAT Test
SuperDARN Radars: Global Plasma convection Maps of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) arrays over the Northern (left) and Southern (right) polar regions. The Antarctic map shows fields-of-view for existing (yellow) and planned (orange) radars.
Networks of optical instrumentation The common site for quick-look data: MIRACLE THEMIS: dayside-nightside Svalbard Antarctic (e.g. Zhong Shan): Interhemispheric comparison studies Magnetically conjugate regions
Theme 1: Geospace- neutral atmosphere coupling (1/3) Envisat/GOMOS: Stellar occultation instrument, operated since March 2002 600 measurements per day, global coverage, altitudes 10-100 km O3, NO2, NO3, O2, H2O, aerosols, tem perature Effects of solar energetic particle bursts in the atmosphere: Solar observations Geostationary proton fluxes GOMOS data Sodankylä Ion Chemistry model
Theme 1: Geospace- neutral atmosphere coupling (2/3) Sodankylä Ion Chemistry model by E. Turunen Energetic precipitation NOx (N, NO, NO2) catalytic ozone loss in the stratosphere.
Theme 1: Geospace- neutral atmosphere coupling (2/2) A. Seppälä Ph. D. Thesis: Observations of production and transport of NOx formed by energetic particle precipitation in the polar night atmosphere Below: Envisat/GOMOS observations of polar NO2 (ppbv) Two mechanisms: Abrupt buildup by solar proton events and slower buildup due to vertical mixing launched by stratospheric warming. North South 2003 2004 2005
Theme 2: Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling (1/3) Ionospheric tomography with the dense GPS receiver network of GeoTrim Ltd: 86 stations! Basic Idea: The GPS signal experiences a delay in the ionosphere which is dependent on the total electron density also the signal propagation path. From the data of dual-frequency GPS receivers the ionospheric delay can be determined information about the ionospheric conditions With an ionospheric electron content model we can support single
Theme 2: Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling (2/3) Electron density above Fennoscandia Dec 12 2006 15:50 Image: J.-P.Luntama/ MIDAS-software Colorbar: 0-3*1011/m3
Theme 2: Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling (3/3) Supporting instrumentation: MIRACLE network: magnetometers and all-sky cameras SGO Ionospheric tomography chain
Theme 2: Interhemispheric relationships (1/3) Solar wind energy gets into magnetosphere due to magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause Dayside reconnection enhances plasma circulation in the magnetosphere and consequently plasma drifts cross polar cap in the ionosphere 1st approximation: linear relationship between reconnection and potential drop These phenomena can be studied with magnetohydrodynamic simulations Question: If Epc is the same on the both hemispheres but conductances are different due to solar illumination conditions what is the effect in the field-aligned currents?
1. Geographic coordinates 2. Geomagnetic coordinates 1D optimization 3. 1D coordinates 4. CGM coordinates Binning: OMNIWeb data Plots courtesy of L. Juusola
Theme 2: Interhemispheric relationships (3/3) Summer Result: Summer currents=1.4*w inter currents Winter
Support from the Academy of Finland EISCAT Research in Finland (2007-2010) Similarities and differences in the Arctic and Antarctic magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling (20082011) Thermospheric and mesospheric effects in the stratosphere (2008-2011) All together ~ 1 Me for five years+graduate school support.
Kansainvälinen heliofysiikan vuosi: Suomen toimintaa Heliofysiikan vuosi on YK:n tunnustama kansainvälinen Auringon, heliosfäärin ja Maan lähiavaruuden tutkimuksen hanke Suomi osallistuu toimintaan kevyellä organisaatiolla kansalliset koordinaattorit R. Vainio (postituslista: ihy-2007@helsinki.fi) tietoa listan jäsenille esim. avoimista alan työpaikoista K. Kauristie (nettisivu: www.ihy2007.fi) osallistuminen eurooppalaiseen outreach-toimintaan vahvat linkit muihin Eurooppalaisiin hankkeisiin: IPY, COST724 (Space Weather) ja COST-296 (Ionospheric effects on Radio Systems)
Aurinkopäivä 10.6.2007 Järjestettiin yhteistyössä Ursan kanssa aurinkonäytöksiä ja aurinkotutkijoiden esitelmiä useilla paikkakunnilla: Helsinki, Kirkkonummi, Järvenpää, Lahti, Turku ja Seinäjoki Helsingin tapahtuma järjestettiin Kaivopuiston tähtitornilla, sattumoisin yhtä aikaa Radio Novan puistokonsertin kanssa. Satoja ihmisiä vieraili tornilla klo 12 15 Aurinko tarjolla kahdella teleskoopilla (H-alfa ja valk. valo) R. Vainio paikalla kertomassa uusimmista mittauksista STEREO-luotaimilla