FSD1195. EU Membership Referendum in Finland Codebook

FSD1195 EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

The bibliographic citation for this codebook: EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2018. This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 (7.8.2018) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere FSD User Services: asiakaspalvelu.fsd@uta.fi +358 40 190 1442 Aila Data Service Portal: https://services.fsd.uta.fi/ Finnish Social Science Data Archive http://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/ $ Koodikirjoitin.py v36 @ 2018-08-14 11:42:38.790000 $

To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD1195 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If necessary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Pesonen, Pertti (University of Tampere) & Sänkiaho, Risto (University of Tampere): EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 [dataset]. Version 2.0 (2018-08-07). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:t- FSD1195 The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

Contents 1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles....................................... 1 1.2 Subject description................................ 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data........................ 3 1.4 Use of data.................................... 3 2 Variables 7 3 Indexes 131 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence....................... 131 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order.......................... 143 A naire in Finnish 155 B naire in English 183 i

Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Titles and data version: EU Membership Referendum in Finland 1994 Titles and data version in Finnish: Suomen EU-kansanäänestys 1994 This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 (7.8.2018) of the data. 1.2 Subject description Authoring entity Pesonen, Pertti (University of Tampere) Sänkiaho, Risto (University of Tampere) Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Depositor Pesonen, Pertti (University of Tampere) Date of deposit 29.1.2002 1

1. Study description Keywords Europe; integration; political action; political behaviour; political participation; referendum; voting; voting behaviour Topic Classification Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: international politics and organisations; media; political behaviour and attitudes Series description The data belong to the series: Individual datasets Individual datasets that do not belong to any series. Abstract The survey studied Finnish political participation and attitudes to the EU membership referendum pre- and post-referendum. Other questions examined what respondents thought of referendums on the whole, what were their political leanings and attitudes to different groups (e.g. refugees, police, certain nationalities). Respondents stated their views on e.g. exercising influence by voting, decision-makers attitudes to voters, the need to supervise industry and commerce, immigration, equality between men and women and income disparity. They were asked about maintaining the traditional Finnish values, scaling down the public sector, restricting women s right to abortion and increasing the price of alcoholic beverages. Some questions dealt with the level of confidence in politicians, the position of Finnish parties on the left-right axis and the most important objectives of political activity. The survey queried how often respondents read about political and foreign affairs in the newspaper, watched news or current affairs programmes on the television or listened to Finnish Broadcasting Company s (YLE) radio news. Respondents were asked whether the media had affected their opinion of Finland s EU membership, how important the membership was to them and would they have preferred to leave the decision to the government and parliament. The opinions of the respondents friends and relatives on EU membership were examined. Respondents were asked how interested and how well informed they were of EU issues, what was their stand on Finland s membership and did they intend to vote in the referendum. Respondents views on the consequences of EU membership on various matters, e.g. Finland s environment, economic life, employment, agriculture, social security, equality, military security, national independence and living conditions were also surveyed. The final themes explored 2

1.3. Structure and collection of the data opinions about Finland s foreign policy, policy of neutrality, armed defence, armed forces financing and EU s effect on Finland s security situation. Background variables included knowledge of foreign languages, income, education, gender and region of residence. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: Finns born before 1976, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: September 1994 November 1994 Data collector(s): Gallup Finland Data producer(s): University of Tampere Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview, Telephone interview, Self-administered questionnaire: Paper Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1994 Time method of the data collection: Cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 257 variables and 1559 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Multistage The stratified sampling design was three-staged. Firstly the number of subjects required by the survey was divided regionally by province. In the second stage the number of subjects was divided within each province into municipality subgroups, depending on the municipality type. City municipalities were grouped into big and small cities and rural municipalities into three different subgroups based on the occupational structure of the population. The third stage consisted of sampling starting points from the sample municipalities according to their population size. The interviews were conducted with the random-walk method. Six interviews were made starting from the randomly selected starting points. One member corresponding to the age and gender eligibility criteria was chosen for the interview from every sample household. 1568 persons were interviewed. Nine interviews were excluded because the respondent did not have the right to vote, so the data contain 1559 subjects. Of these 1316 participated in the post-referendum survey, which was conducted over the telephone or in some cases by mailed questionnaire. 1.4 Use of data Data appraisal The data contain both pre-referendum questions (q1-q97) and post-referendum questions (p1- p22). The variables connected to open-ended questions are excluded: respondent s occupation 3

1. Study description (q3, q4), spouse s occupation (q8), which newspapers the respondent reads (q40), reasons for opposing or supporting EU membership (q59), reasons why Finland should join or not join the EU (q61a, q61b, q62a, q62b), best debaters on television (p2), most convincing public figures (p4), main reasons for voting for or against the EU (p9, p10) and the reason for not voting at all (p12). Related publications Becker, Julia: The Permanent Blues? Comparing Participation and Vote Choice in EU Referendums between 1972 and 2016. Master thesis, University of Konstanz. 2017. Borg, Sami (2006). Käsitykset kansalaisuudesta ja omista vaikuttamismahdollisuuksista. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), 115-127. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Kaczmarek, Krzysztof (2017). The Process of Europeanization of Finland With a Particular Purpose of Lapland. Politiikantutkimuksen väitöskirja. Moen, Kathrine L. & Øyangen, Irene & Jenssen, Anders Todal (1996). The 1994 Nordic EU Referendums Study: Study description and codebook. Trondheim: Norwegian University of Science and Technology: Department of Sociology and Political Science. ISS-Rapport; 44. Paloheimo, Heikki (2006). Asenteet poliittisia instituutioita ja toimijoita kohtaan. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), 128-153. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Rapeli, Lauri (2010). Politiikkatietämyksen ajallinen vaihtelu Suomessa. Politiikka, 52(2), 133-139. Rapeli, Lauri & Borg, Sami (2016). Kiinnostavaa mutta monimutkaista. Tiedot, osallistuminen ja suhtautuminen vaikuttamiseen. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), 358-378. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:978-952-259-517-1 Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (2006). Toim. Sami Borg. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Suomen EU-kansanäänestys 1994: raportti äänestäjien kannanotoista (1994). Toim. Pesonen, Pertti. Helsinki: Ulkoasiainministeriö, eurooppatiedotus. To join or not to join: three Nordic referendums on membership in the European Union (1998). Toim. Anders Todal Jenssen & Pertti Pesonen & Mikael Gilljam. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. Valentini, Chiara (2008). Promoting the European Union. Comparative analysis of EU communication strategies in Finland and in Italy. Germany, Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Muller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. Valentini, Chiara (2008). Promoting the European Union. Comparative analysis of EU communication strategies in Finland and in Italy. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä. Jyväskylä University Printing House. Updated list of publications in the study description at https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/fsd1195?lang=en&study_language=en 4

1.4. Use of data Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. 5

Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1559 minimum 1195.00 maximum 1195.00 mean 1195.00 standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1559 minimum 2.00 maximum 2.00 mean 2.00 standard deviation 0.00 7

2. Variables [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1559 minimum 1.00 maximum 1559.00 mean 780.00 standard deviation 450.19 [Q1] Which alternative on this card offers best describes your current main activity? Which alternative on this card offers best describes your current main activity? Employee 1 580 37.2 37.2 Farmer, self-employed, entrepreneur 2 162 10.4 10.4 Unemployed 3 207 13.3 13.3 In military service 4 6 0.4 0.4 Student 5 184 11.8 11.8 On old age pension 6 227 14.6 14.6 On early retirement 7 113 7.2 7.2 Homemaker 8 59 3.8 3.8 Something else 9 21 1.3 1.3 Can t say 10 0 0.0 0.0 [Q2] How many employees do you have? How many employees do you have? 8

Q6 No employees 1 100 6.4 61.3 1-9 employees 2 43 2.8 26.4 10 employees or more 3 6 0.4 3.7 Irrelevant 4 4 0.3 2.5 Can t say 5 10 0.6 6.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 1396 89.5 [Q5] In which branch do you/did you work? In which branch do you/did you work? Agriculture, forestry, fishing 1 154 9.9 11.9 Industry, handicraft, mining 2 239 15.3 18.4 Construction 3 93 6.0 7.2 Commerce 4 111 7.1 8.6 Banking, insurance and real estate 5 39 2.5 3.0 Private services (hotels, restaurants, hairdressers) 6 96 6.2 7.4 Transportation, mail and telecommunication 7 79 5.1 6.1 Municipal and state administration 8 129 8.3 9.9 Teaching and research 9 90 5.8 6.9 Public services (police, defence, health care, church) 10 141 9.0 10.9 Other branch 11 98 6.3 7.6 Irrelevant/not in employment 12 21 1.3 1.6 Can t say 13 7 0.4 0.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 262 16.8 [Q6] Which of the alternatives in this card best describes your present or last employer? Which of the alternatives in this card best describes your present or last employer? 9

2. Variables The state 1 147 9.4 11.3 Municipality, federation of municipalities, parish 2 292 18.7 22.5 State-owned company 3 48 3.1 3.7 Private manufacturing company 4 215 13.8 16.6 Private service company 5 223 14.3 17.2 Other private enterprise 6 141 9.0 10.9 Own farm 7 91 5.8 7.0 Own business 8 64 4.1 4.9 Something else 9 35 2.2 2.7 Is not/not in employment 10 24 1.5 1.9 Can t say 11 17 1.1 1.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 262 16.8 [Q7] Respondent s marital status Respondent s marital status Married 1 780 50.0 50.1 Cohabiting 2 193 12.4 12.4 Single 3 351 22.5 22.5 Widowed 4 104 6.7 6.7 Divorced 5 129 8.3 8.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 2 0.1 [Q9] Are you a member of any trade union, professional association or employer organization? Are you a member of any trade union, professional association or employer organization? 10

Q11_1 SAK Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions 1 328 21.0 21.0 AKAVA Confederation of Unions for Academic Professionals 2 158 10.1 10.1 STTK Finnish Confederation of Salaried Employees 3 158 10.1 10.1 MTK Central Union of Agricultural Producers and 4 79 5.1 5.1 Forest Owners SYKL Confederation of Finnish Entrepreneurs 5 12 0.8 0.8 Other organization, which? 6 195 12.5 12.5 Not a member 7 610 39.1 39.1 Can t say 8 19 1.2 1.2 [Q10] (IF A MEMBER) Do you participate actively or are you only a member? (IF A MEMBER) Do you participate actively or are you only a member? Active member 1 92 5.9 9.7 Non-active member 2 803 51.5 84.8 Can t say 3 52 3.3 5.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 612 39.3 [Q11_1] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Political party organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Political party organization Not a member 1 1355 86.9 86.9 Non-active member 2 119 7.6 7.6 (continued on next page) 11

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Active member 3 57 3.7 3.7 Can t say 4 28 1.8 1.8 [Q11_2] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Religious organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Religious organization Not a member 1 1304 83.6 83.6 Non-active member 2 163 10.5 10.5 Active member 3 55 3.5 3.5 Can t say 4 37 2.4 2.4 [Q11_3] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Sports club Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Sports club Not a member 1 1197 76.8 76.8 Non-active member 2 190 12.2 12.2 Active member 3 145 9.3 9.3 Can t say 4 27 1.7 1.7 12

Q11_6 [Q11_4] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Women s organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Women s organization Not a member 1 1437 92.2 92.2 Non-active member 2 42 2.7 2.7 Active member 3 38 2.4 2.4 Can t say 4 42 2.7 2.7 [Q11_5] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Charity organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Charity organization Not a member 1 1315 84.3 84.3 Non-active member 2 132 8.5 8.5 Active member 3 76 4.9 4.9 Can t say 4 36 2.3 2.3 [Q11_6] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Veteran and reservist organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Veteran and reservist organization 13

2. Variables Not a member 1 1402 89.9 89.9 Non-active member 2 91 5.8 5.8 Active member 3 32 2.1 2.1 Can t say 4 34 2.2 2.2 [Q11_7] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Song, music, or other cultural organization Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Song, music, or other cultural organization Not a member 1 1358 87.1 87.1 Non-active member 2 71 4.6 4.6 Active member 3 95 6.1 6.1 Can t say 4 35 2.2 2.2 [Q12_1] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: No Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/nonactive member: No Not mentioned 0 415 26.6 26.6 Mentioned 1 1144 73.4 73.4 14

Q12_4 [Q12_2] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: Yes, other organizations in which a non-active member Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/nonactive member: Yes, other organizations in which a non-active member Not mentioned 0 1315 84.3 84.3 Mentioned 1 244 15.7 15.7 [Q12_3] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations in which you are an active/non-active member: Yes, other organizations in which an active member Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations in which you are an active/nonactive member: Yes, other organizations in which an active member Not mentioned 0 1434 92.0 92.0 Mentioned 1 125 8.0 8.0 [Q12_4] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: Can t say Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/nonactive member: Can t say 15

2. Variables Not mentioned 0 1551 99.5 99.5 Mentioned 1 8 0.5 0.5 [Q13] How interested are you in politics? How interested are you in politics? Very interested 1 211 13.5 13.5 Rather interested 2 617 39.6 39.6 Not very interested 3 565 36.2 36.2 Not at all interested 4 158 10.1 10.1 Can t say 5 8 0.5 0.5 [Q14] When discussing politics with people who disagree with you, have you tried to make them agree with you? When discussing politics with people who disagree with you, have you tried to make them agree with you? Often 1 98 6.3 6.3 Sometimes 2 524 33.6 33.6 Never 3 912 58.5 58.5 Can t say 4 25 1.6 1.6 16

Q15_3 [Q15_1] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Signed a petition or equivalent? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Signed a petition or equivalent? Have done 1 413 26.5 26.5 Could do 2 504 32.3 32.3 Would not do 3 589 37.8 37.8 Can t say 4 53 3.4 3.4 [Q15_2] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Participated in a demonstration? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Participated in a demonstration? Have done 1 117 7.5 7.5 Could do 2 423 27.1 27.1 Would not do 3 972 62.3 62.3 Can t say 4 47 3.0 3.0 [Q15_3] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Written about politics in a newspaper? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Written about politics in a newspaper? 17

2. Variables Have done 1 61 3.9 3.9 Could do 2 343 22.0 22.0 Would not do 3 1109 71.1 71.1 Can t say 4 46 3.0 3.0 [Q15_4] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Contacted a MP, municipal councillor or other politician? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Contacted a MP, municipal councillor or other politician? Have done 1 277 17.8 17.8 Could do 2 562 36.0 36.0 Would not do 3 683 43.8 43.8 Can t say 4 37 2.4 2.4 [Q15_5] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Worn a political button? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Worn a political button? Have done 1 120 7.7 7.7 Could do 2 179 11.5 11.5 Would not do 3 1212 77.7 77.7 (continued on next page) 18

Q16 (cont. from previous page) Can t say 4 48 3.1 3.1 [Q15_6] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Attended a political meeting or event? Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Attended a political meeting or event? Have done 1 415 26.6 26.6 Could do 2 474 30.4 30.4 Would not do 3 635 40.7 40.7 Can t say 4 35 2.2 2.2 [Q16] Do you generally think yourself as a supporter of a particular political party? Do you generally think yourself as a supporter of a particular political party? Yes 1 787 50.5 50.5 No 2 726 46.6 46.6 Can t say 3 45 2.9 2.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 1 0.1 19

2. Variables [Q17] What party do you support? What party do you support? Centre Party (KESK) 1 165 10.6 20.9 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 2 208 13.3 26.4 National Coalition Party (KOK) 3 170 10.9 21.5 Left Alliance (VAS) 4 52 3.3 6.6 Green League (VIHR) 5 40 2.6 5.1 Swedish People s Party (RKP) 6 31 2.0 3.9 Finnish Rural Party (SMP) 7 11 0.7 1.4 Christian League (SKL) 8 22 1.4 2.8 Liberal Party (LKP) 9 3 0.2 0.4 Other party 10 6 0.4 0.8 Refused to say 11 80 5.1 10.1 Irrelevant 12 1 0.1 0.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 770 49.4 [Q18_1] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The Church On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The Church -5 (very negative) 1 34 2.2 2.2-4 2 28 1.8 1.8-3 3 32 2.1 2.1-2 4 39 2.5 2.5-1 5 24 1.5 1.5 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 285 18.3 18.4 +1 7 155 9.9 10.0 +2 8 241 15.5 15.5 (continued on next page) 20

Q18_3 (cont. from previous page) +3 9 335 21.5 21.6 +4 10 177 11.4 11.4 +5 (very positive) 11 190 12.2 12.3 Can t say 12 10 0.6 0.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 9 0.6 [Q18_2] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Parliament On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Parliament -5 (very negative) 1 86 5.5 5.5-4 2 54 3.5 3.5-3 3 79 5.1 5.1-2 4 116 7.4 7.5-1 5 123 7.9 7.9 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 313 20.1 20.1 +1 7 222 14.2 14.3 +2 8 243 15.6 15.6 +3 9 179 11.5 11.5 +4 10 69 4.4 4.4 +5 (very positive) 11 58 3.7 3.7 Can t say 12 12 0.8 0.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 5 0.3 [Q18_3] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is attitude towards: Small entrepreneurs On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is attitude towards: Small entrepreneurs 21

2. Variables -5 (very negative) 1 8 0.5 0.5-4 2 5 0.3 0.3-3 3 6 0.4 0.4-2 4 14 0.9 0.9-1 5 8 0.5 0.5 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 100 6.4 6.4 +1 7 81 5.2 5.2 +2 8 193 12.4 12.4 +3 9 374 24.0 24.0 +4 10 352 22.6 22.6 +5 (very positive) 11 405 26.0 26.0 Can t say 12 13 0.8 0.8 [Q18_4] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Refugees On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Refugees -5 (very negative) 1 141 9.0 9.1-4 2 47 3.0 3.0-3 3 73 4.7 4.7-2 4 69 4.4 4.4-1 5 106 6.8 6.8 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 409 26.2 26.3 +1 7 196 12.6 12.6 +2 8 204 13.1 13.1 +3 9 182 11.7 11.7 +4 10 76 4.9 4.9 +5 (very positive) 11 45 2.9 2.9 Can t say 12 6 0.4 0.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 5 0.3 22

Q18_6 [Q18_5] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Feminist movement On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Feminist movement -5 (very negative) 1 63 4.0 4.1-4 2 38 2.4 2.5-3 3 61 3.9 3.9-2 4 72 4.6 4.7-1 5 92 5.9 6.0 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 504 32.3 32.6 +1 7 189 12.1 12.2 +2 8 175 11.2 11.3 +3 9 166 10.6 10.7 +4 10 90 5.8 5.8 +5 (very positive) 11 73 4.7 4.7 Can t say 12 22 1.4 1.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 14 0.9 [Q18_6] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The police On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The police -5 (very negative) 1 11 0.7 0.7-4 2 10 0.6 0.6-3 3 20 1.3 1.3-2 4 11 0.7 0.7-1 5 15 1.0 1.0 (continued on next page) 23

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 125 8.0 8.0 +1 7 108 6.9 6.9 +2 8 251 16.1 16.1 +3 9 361 23.2 23.2 +4 10 331 21.2 21.3 +5 (very positive) 11 306 19.6 19.7 Can t say 12 7 0.4 0.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 3 0.2 [Q18_7] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Gypsies On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Gypsies -5 (very negative) 1 113 7.2 7.3-4 2 65 4.2 4.2-3 3 83 5.3 5.4-2 4 105 6.7 6.8-1 5 154 9.9 10.0 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 520 33.4 33.7 +1 7 152 9.7 9.9 +2 8 163 10.5 10.6 +3 9 104 6.7 6.7 +4 10 39 2.5 2.5 +5 (very positive) 11 37 2.4 2.4 Can t say 12 8 0.5 0.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 16 1.0 24

Q18_9 [Q18_8] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements for the EU membership On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements for the EU membership -5 (very negative) 1 110 7.1 7.1-4 2 41 2.6 2.7-3 3 56 3.6 3.6-2 4 60 3.8 3.9-1 5 54 3.5 3.5 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 545 35.0 35.3 +1 7 132 8.5 8.6 +2 8 154 9.9 10.0 +3 9 157 10.1 10.2 +4 10 93 6.0 6.0 +5 (very positive) 11 99 6.4 6.4 Can t say 12 41 2.6 2.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 17 1.1 [Q18_9] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements against the EU membership On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements against the EU membership -5 (very negative) 1 97 6.2 6.3-4 2 45 2.9 2.9-3 3 81 5.2 5.3-2 4 79 5.1 5.1-1 5 100 6.4 6.5 (continued on next page) 25

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 576 36.9 37.5 +1 7 129 8.3 8.4 +2 8 119 7.6 7.7 +3 9 96 6.2 6.2 +4 10 46 3.0 3.0 +5 (very positive) 11 127 8.1 8.3 Can t say 12 42 2.7 2.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 22 1.4 [Q18_10] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Centre Party On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Centre Party -5 (very negative) 1 113 7.2 7.3-4 2 68 4.4 4.4-3 3 122 7.8 7.9-2 4 127 8.1 8.2-1 5 112 7.2 7.2 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 397 25.5 25.6 +1 7 170 10.9 10.9 +2 8 163 10.5 10.5 +3 9 115 7.4 7.4 +4 10 69 4.4 4.4 +5 (very positive) 11 54 3.5 3.5 Can t say 12 43 2.8 2.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.4 26

Q18_12 [Q18_11] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Social Democratic Party of Finland On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Social Democratic Party of Finland -5 (very negative) 1 57 3.7 3.7-4 2 53 3.4 3.4-3 3 85 5.5 5.5-2 4 94 6.0 6.1-1 5 138 8.9 8.9 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 409 26.2 26.4 +1 7 200 12.8 12.9 +2 8 195 12.5 12.6 +3 9 140 9.0 9.0 +4 10 69 4.4 4.5 +5 (very positive) 11 62 4.0 4.0 Can t say 12 45 2.9 2.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 12 0.8 [Q18_12] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: National Coalition Party On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: National Coalition Party -5 (very negative) 1 72 4.6 4.6-4 2 59 3.8 3.8-3 3 102 6.5 6.6-2 4 120 7.7 7.7-1 5 120 7.7 7.7 (continued on next page) 27

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 417 26.7 26.9 +1 7 203 13.0 13.1 +2 8 175 11.2 11.3 +3 9 127 8.1 8.2 +4 10 62 4.0 4.0 +5 (very positive) 11 43 2.8 2.8 Can t say 12 52 3.3 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 7 0.4 [Q18_13] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Left Alliance On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Left Alliance -5 (very negative) 1 190 12.2 12.3-4 2 95 6.1 6.1-3 3 139 8.9 9.0-2 4 149 9.6 9.6-1 5 159 10.2 10.3 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 456 29.2 29.4 +1 7 137 8.8 8.8 +2 8 85 5.5 5.5 +3 9 41 2.6 2.6 +4 10 23 1.5 1.5 +5 (very positive) 11 25 1.6 1.6 Can t say 12 52 3.3 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 8 0.5 28

Q18_15 [Q18_14] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Green League On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Green League -5 (very negative) 1 63 4.0 4.1-4 2 38 2.4 2.5-3 3 62 4.0 4.0-2 4 73 4.7 4.7-1 5 109 7.0 7.0 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 453 29.1 29.2 +1 7 260 16.7 16.8 +2 8 197 12.6 12.7 +3 9 135 8.7 8.7 +4 10 79 5.1 5.1 +5 (very positive) 11 27 1.7 1.7 Can t say 12 54 3.5 3.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 9 0.6 [Q18_15] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedish People s Party On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedish People s Party -5 (very negative) 1 90 5.8 5.8-4 2 44 2.8 2.8-3 3 75 4.8 4.9-2 4 72 4.6 4.7-1 5 119 7.6 7.7 (continued on next page) 29

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 587 37.7 38.0 +1 7 204 13.1 13.2 +2 8 155 9.9 10.0 +3 9 80 5.1 5.2 +4 10 43 2.8 2.8 +5 (very positive) 11 18 1.2 1.2 Can t say 12 58 3.7 3.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 14 0.9 [Q18_16] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Finnish Rural Party On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Finnish Rural Party -5 (very negative) 1 150 9.6 9.7-4 2 70 4.5 4.5-3 3 118 7.6 7.6-2 4 137 8.8 8.9-1 5 165 10.6 10.7 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 544 34.9 35.3 +1 7 157 10.1 10.2 +2 8 74 4.7 4.8 +3 9 50 3.2 3.2 +4 10 12 0.8 0.8 +5 (very positive) 11 14 0.9 0.9 Can t say 12 52 3.3 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 16 1.0 30

Q18_18 [Q18_17] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Christian League of Finland On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Christian League of Finland -5 (very negative) 1 113 7.2 7.3-4 2 80 5.1 5.2-3 3 103 6.6 6.7-2 4 103 6.6 6.7-1 5 137 8.8 8.9 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 554 35.5 35.9 +1 7 173 11.1 11.2 +2 8 102 6.5 6.6 +3 9 77 4.9 5.0 +4 10 27 1.7 1.7 +5 (very positive) 11 29 1.9 1.9 Can t say 12 47 3.0 3.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 14 0.9 [Q18_18] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Liberal Party On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Liberal Party -5 (very negative) 1 68 4.4 4.4-4 2 42 2.7 2.7-3 3 69 4.4 4.5-2 4 65 4.2 4.2-1 5 111 7.1 7.2 (continued on next page) 31

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 778 49.9 50.4 +1 7 180 11.5 11.7 +2 8 100 6.4 6.5 +3 9 50 3.2 3.2 +4 10 12 0.8 0.8 +5 (very positive) 11 6 0.4 0.4 Can t say 12 62 4.0 4.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 16 1.0 [Q18_19] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) -5 (very negative) 1 45 2.9 2.9-4 2 45 2.9 2.9-3 3 58 3.7 3.7-2 4 78 5.0 5.0-1 5 88 5.6 5.7 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 358 23.0 23.1 +1 7 224 14.4 14.4 +2 8 224 14.4 14.4 +3 9 180 11.5 11.6 +4 10 94 6.0 6.1 +5 (very positive) 11 104 6.7 6.7 Can t say 12 53 3.4 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 8 0.5 32

Q18_21 [Q18_20] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organization of Industry and Employers On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organization of Industry and Employers -5 (very negative) 1 27 1.7 1.8-4 2 15 1.0 1.0-3 3 41 2.6 2.7-2 4 78 5.0 5.1-1 5 89 5.7 5.8 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 550 35.3 35.8 +1 7 253 16.2 16.5 +2 8 213 13.7 13.9 +3 9 114 7.3 7.4 +4 10 50 3.2 3.3 +5 (very positive) 11 34 2.2 2.2 Can t say 12 73 4.7 4.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 22 1.4 [Q18_21] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK) On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK) -5 (very negative) 1 111 7.1 7.2-4 2 73 4.7 4.7-3 3 82 5.3 5.3-2 4 136 8.7 8.8 (continued on next page) 33

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) -1 5 134 8.6 8.7 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 465 29.8 30.1 +1 7 163 10.5 10.5 +2 8 132 8.5 8.5 +3 9 91 5.8 5.9 +4 10 57 3.7 3.7 +5 (very positive) 11 38 2.4 2.5 Can t say 12 65 4.2 4.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 12 0.8 [Q18_22] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Norwegians On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Norwegians -5 (very negative) 1 3 0.2 0.2-4 2 3 0.2 0.2-3 3 13 0.8 0.8-2 4 9 0.6 0.6-1 5 10 0.6 0.6 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 205 13.1 13.2 +1 7 164 10.5 10.5 +2 8 274 17.6 17.6 +3 9 359 23.0 23.1 +4 10 283 18.2 18.2 +5 (very positive) 11 215 13.8 13.8 Can t say 12 17 1.1 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 4 0.3 34

Q18_24 [Q18_23] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedes On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedes -5 (very negative) 1 20 1.3 1.3-4 2 13 0.8 0.8-3 3 14 0.9 0.9-2 4 43 2.8 2.8-1 5 54 3.5 3.5 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 246 15.8 15.8 +1 7 240 15.4 15.4 +2 8 291 18.7 18.7 +3 9 290 18.6 18.6 +4 10 211 13.5 13.6 +5 (very positive) 11 119 7.6 7.7 Can t say 12 14 0.9 0.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 4 0.3 [Q18_24] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Germans On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Germans -5 (very negative) 1 24 1.5 1.5-4 2 18 1.2 1.2-3 3 32 2.1 2.1-2 4 39 2.5 2.5-1 5 95 6.1 6.1 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 326 20.9 21.0 (continued on next page) 35

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) +1 7 278 17.8 17.9 +2 8 257 16.5 16.6 +3 9 232 14.9 14.9 +4 10 162 10.4 10.4 +5 (very positive) 11 73 4.7 4.7 Can t say 12 16 1.0 1.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 7 0.4 [Q18_25] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Frenchmen On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Frenchmen -5 (very negative) 1 10 0.6 0.6-4 2 8 0.5 0.5-3 3 9 0.6 0.6-2 4 26 1.7 1.7-1 5 57 3.7 3.7 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 383 24.6 24.7 +1 7 271 17.4 17.5 +2 8 288 18.5 18.6 +3 9 216 13.9 13.9 +4 10 154 9.9 9.9 +5 (very positive) 11 93 6.0 6.0 Can t say 12 34 2.2 2.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 10 0.6 [Q18_26] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Estonians On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Estonians 36

Q18_27-5 (very negative) 1 30 1.9 1.9-4 2 13 0.8 0.8-3 3 30 1.9 1.9-2 4 57 3.7 3.7-1 5 72 4.6 4.6 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 338 21.7 21.8 +1 7 240 15.4 15.5 +2 8 255 16.4 16.4 +3 9 253 16.2 16.3 +4 10 130 8.3 8.4 +5 (very positive) 11 111 7.1 7.1 Can t say 12 24 1.5 1.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.4 [Q18_27] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Poles On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Poles -5 (very negative) 1 17 1.1 1.1-4 2 18 1.2 1.2-3 3 21 1.3 1.4-2 4 41 2.6 2.7-1 5 91 5.8 5.9 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 558 35.8 36.2 +1 7 237 15.2 15.4 +2 8 227 14.6 14.7 +3 9 154 9.9 10.0 +4 10 88 5.6 5.7 +5 (very positive) 11 51 3.3 3.3 Can t say 12 39 2.5 2.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 17 1.1 37

2. Variables [Q18_28] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Russians On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Russians -5 (very negative) 1 101 6.5 6.5-4 2 48 3.1 3.1-3 3 112 7.2 7.3-2 4 138 8.9 8.9-1 5 165 10.6 10.7 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 424 27.2 27.5 +1 7 183 11.7 11.9 +2 8 169 10.8 10.9 +3 9 93 6.0 6.0 +4 10 53 3.4 3.4 +5 (very positive) 11 36 2.3 2.3 Can t say 12 22 1.4 1.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 15 1.0 [Q18_29] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Americans On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Americans -5 (very negative) 1 14 0.9 0.9-4 2 6 0.4 0.4-3 3 24 1.5 1.5-2 4 46 3.0 3.0-1 5 84 5.4 5.4 (continued on next page) 38

Q19_2 (cont. from previous page) 0 (neither negative nor positive) 6 364 23.3 23.5 +1 7 288 18.5 18.6 +2 8 276 17.7 17.8 +3 9 234 15.0 15.1 +4 10 118 7.6 7.6 +5 (very positive) 11 73 4.7 4.7 Can t say 12 22 1.4 1.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 10 0.6 [Q19_1] Those who sit in Parliament making decisions don t much care what ordinary people think Those who sit in Parliament making decisions don t much care what ordinary people think Strongly agree 1 468 30.0 30.0 Agree to some extent 2 701 45.0 45.0 Disagree to some extent 3 286 18.3 18.3 Strongly disagree 4 66 4.2 4.2 Both agree and disagree 5 30 1.9 1.9 Can t say 6 8 0.5 0.5 [Q19_2] Political parties are only intrested in people s votes, not in their opinions Political parties are only intrested in people s votes, not in their opinions Strongly agree 1 530 34.0 34.0 (continued on next page) 39

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Agree to some extent 2 686 44.0 44.0 Disagree to some extent 3 257 16.5 16.5 Strongly disagree 4 53 3.4 3.4 Both agree and disagree 5 18 1.2 1.2 Can t say 6 15 1.0 1.0 [Q19_3] By voting people can really have a say about how things are run in this country By voting people can really have a say about how things are run in this country Strongly agree 1 356 22.8 22.8 Agree to some extent 2 591 37.9 37.9 Disagree to some extent 3 377 24.2 24.2 Strongly disagree 4 187 12.0 12.0 Both agree and disagree 5 21 1.3 1.3 Can t say 6 27 1.7 1.7 [Q19_4] In Finland s present economic situation we must know how to cut down environmental demands In Finland s present economic situation we must know how to cut down environmental demands Strongly agree 1 200 12.8 12.8 Agree to some extent 2 466 29.9 29.9 Disagree to some extent 3 414 26.6 26.6 Strongly disagree 4 406 26.0 26.0 (continued on next page) 40

Q19_6 (cont. from previous page) Both agree and disagree 5 18 1.2 1.2 Can t say 6 55 3.5 3.5 [Q19_5] Society needs to control business so that banks and industry do not become too influential Society needs to control business so that banks and industry do not become too influential Strongly agree 1 636 40.8 40.8 Agree to some extent 2 600 38.5 38.5 Disagree to some extent 3 184 11.8 11.8 Strongly disagree 4 54 3.5 3.5 Both agree and disagree 5 18 1.2 1.2 Can t say 6 67 4.3 4.3 [Q19_6] People like me can vote but that is the only way we can have any say about politics People like me can vote but that is the only way we can have any say about politics Strongly agree 1 440 28.2 28.2 Agree to some extent 2 417 26.7 26.7 Disagree to some extent 3 439 28.2 28.2 Strongly disagree 4 232 14.9 14.9 Both agree and disagree 5 13 0.8 0.8 Can t say 6 18 1.2 1.2 41

2. Variables [Q19_7] Finland s national identity is seriously threatened by immigration Finland s national identity is seriously threatened by immigration Strongly agree 1 205 13.1 13.1 Agree to some extent 2 348 22.3 22.3 Disagree to some extent 3 458 29.4 29.4 Strongly disagree 4 485 31.1 31.1 Both agree and disagree 5 18 1.2 1.2 Can t say 6 45 2.9 2.9 [Q19_8] Finnish culture compares favorably with the culture of other countries Finnish culture compares favorably with the culture of other countries Strongly agree 1 797 51.1 51.1 Agree to some extent 2 444 28.5 28.5 Disagree to some extent 3 220 14.1 14.1 Strongly disagree 4 51 3.3 3.3 Both agree and disagree 5 9 0.6 0.6 Can t say 6 38 2.4 2.4 [Q19_9] Sometimes politics seems so complicated that I cannot quite understand what is going on Sometimes politics seems so complicated that I cannot quite understand what is going on 42

Q19_11 Strongly agree 1 601 38.6 38.6 Agree to some extent 2 611 39.2 39.2 Disagree to some extent 3 201 12.9 12.9 Strongly disagree 4 109 7.0 7.0 Both agree and disagree 5 14 0.9 0.9 Can t say 6 23 1.5 1.5 [Q19_10] In this country, real power is not in the hands of the Government and Parliament but somewhere else In this country, real power is not in the hands of the Government and Parliament but somewhere else Strongly agree 1 397 25.5 25.5 Agree to some extent 2 792 50.8 50.8 Disagree to some extent 3 213 13.7 13.7 Strongly disagree 4 69 4.4 4.4 Both agree and disagree 5 15 1.0 1.0 Can t say 6 73 4.7 4.7 [Q19_11] In order to enhance people s own initiative and enterprise we have to accept widening income differences In order to enhance people s own initiative and enterprise we have to accept widening income differences Strongly agree 1 138 8.9 8.9 Agree to some extent 2 363 23.3 23.3 Disagree to some extent 3 454 29.1 29.1 (continued on next page) 43

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Strongly disagree 4 525 33.7 33.7 Both agree and disagree 5 27 1.7 1.7 Can t say 6 52 3.3 3.3 [Q19_12] Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with voters Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with voters Strongly agree 1 596 38.2 38.2 Agree to some extent 2 713 45.7 45.7 Disagree to some extent 3 177 11.4 11.4 Strongly disagree 4 25 1.6 1.6 Both agree and disagree 5 21 1.3 1.3 Can t say 6 27 1.7 1.7 [Q19_13] When times are hard, the most important thing is to take care of employment of the Finns When times are hard, the most important thing is to take care of employment of the Finns Strongly agree 1 1092 70.0 70.0 Agree to some extent 2 374 24.0 24.0 Disagree to some extent 3 63 4.0 4.0 Strongly disagree 4 13 0.8 0.8 Both agree and disagree 5 3 0.2 0.2 Can t say 6 14 0.9 0.9 44

Q21_1 [Q19_14] Whether Finland acts wisely or wrongly I shall always support my country Whether Finland acts wisely or wrongly I shall always support my country Strongly agree 1 750 48.1 48.1 Agree to some extent 2 459 29.4 29.4 Disagree to some extent 3 212 13.6 13.6 Strongly disagree 4 86 5.5 5.5 Both agree and disagree 5 12 0.8 0.8 Can t say 6 40 2.6 2.6 [Q20] Equality between men and women has been highlighted in the past few years. What is your opinion on the issue, should equality be developed further or has it gone too far? Equality between men and women has been highlighted in the past few years. What is your opinion on the issue, should equality be developed further or has it gone too far? Must be developed further 1 911 58.4 58.4 Has been developed far enough 2 417 26.7 26.7 Has gone too far 3 123 7.9 7.9 No opinion 4 82 5.3 5.3 Can t say 5 26 1.7 1.7 [Q21_1] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which safeguards traditional Finnish values What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which safeguards traditional Finnish values 45

2. Variables Very good 1 467 30.0 30.0 Rather good 2 684 43.9 43.9 Neither good nor bad 3 272 17.4 17.4 Rather bad 4 103 6.6 6.6 Very bad 5 9 0.6 0.6 Can t say 6 24 1.5 1.5 [Q21_2] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must cut down the public sector What do you think of the following suggestions: We must cut down the public sector Very good 1 388 24.9 24.9 Rather good 2 576 36.9 36.9 Neither good nor bad 3 266 17.1 17.1 Rather bad 4 211 13.5 13.5 Very bad 5 66 4.2 4.2 Can t say 6 52 3.3 3.3 [Q21_3] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must promote an environmentally friendly society even if it means slow or no economic growth What do you think of the following suggestions: We must promote an environmentally friendly society even if it means slow or no economic growth (continued on next page) 46

Q21_5 (cont. from previous page) Very good 1 355 22.8 22.8 Rather good 2 644 41.3 41.3 Neither good nor bad 3 314 20.1 20.1 Rather bad 4 167 10.7 10.7 Very bad 5 28 1.8 1.8 Can t say 6 51 3.3 3.3 [Q21_4] What do you think of the following suggestions: Right to free abortion must be restricted What do you think of the following suggestions: Right to free abortion must be restricted Very good 1 167 10.7 10.7 Rather good 2 197 12.6 12.6 Neither good nor bad 3 257 16.5 16.5 Rather bad 4 433 27.8 27.8 Very bad 5 425 27.3 27.3 Can t say 6 80 5.1 5.1 [Q21_5] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must raise the price of alcohol considerably to decrease alcohol misuse and damages caused by it What do you think of the following suggestions: We must raise the price of alcohol considerably to decrease alcohol misuse and damages caused by it 47

2. Variables Very good 1 149 9.6 9.6 Rather good 2 168 10.8 10.8 Neither good nor bad 3 257 16.5 16.5 Rather bad 4 490 31.4 31.4 Very bad 5 464 29.8 29.8 Can t say 6 31 2.0 2.0 [Q21_6] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which has rapid economic growth and high productivity What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which has rapid economic growth and high productivity Very good 1 225 14.4 14.4 Rather good 2 546 35.0 35.0 Neither good nor bad 3 356 22.8 22.8 Rather bad 4 284 18.2 18.2 Very bad 5 89 5.7 5.7 Can t say 6 59 3.8 3.8 [Q21_7] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must reduce aid given to developing countries What do you think of the following suggestions: We must reduce aid given to developing countries Very good 1 142 9.1 9.1 Rather good 2 258 16.5 16.5 Neither good nor bad 3 415 26.6 26.6 (continued on next page) 48

Q22 (cont. from previous page) Rather bad 4 505 32.4 32.4 Very bad 5 189 12.1 12.1 Can t say 6 50 3.2 3.2 [Q21_8] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must work toward a multi-cultural society in which people from other countries and people with different religions and other life styles are well tolerated What do you think of the following suggestions: We must work toward a multi-cultural society in which people from other countries and people with different religions and other life styles are well tolerated Very good 1 352 22.6 22.6 Rather good 2 552 35.4 35.4 Neither good nor bad 3 335 21.5 21.5 Rather bad 4 193 12.4 12.4 Very bad 5 68 4.4 4.4 Can t say 6 59 3.8 3.8 [Q22] In general, how much do you trust Finnish politicians? In general, how much do you trust Finnish politicians? Very much 1 15 1.0 1.0 Quite a lot 2 288 18.5 18.5 Not very much 3 814 52.2 52.2 Not at all 4 414 26.6 26.6 (continued on next page) 49

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Can t say 5 28 1.8 1.8 [Q23A_1] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Centre Party Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Centre Party Left 0 2 0.1 0.1 1 1 4 0.3 0.3 2 2 18 1.2 1.2 3 3 33 2.1 2.1 4 4 83 5.3 5.3 5 Neither lef nor right 5 352 22.6 22.6 6 6 308 19.8 19.8 7 7 329 21.1 21.1 8 8 213 13.7 13.7 9 9 80 5.1 5.1 Right 10 71 4.6 4.6 Can t say 11 66 4.2 4.2 [Q23A_2] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Social Democratic Party Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Social Democratic Party Left 0 28 1.8 1.8 1 1 79 5.1 5.1 (continued on next page) 50

Q23A_3 (cont. from previous page) 2 2 196 12.6 12.6 3 3 413 26.5 26.5 4 4 398 25.5 25.5 5 Neither lef nor right 5 194 12.4 12.4 6 6 96 6.2 6.2 7 7 49 3.1 3.1 8 8 23 1.5 1.5 9 9 10 0.6 0.6 Right 10 7 0.4 0.4 Can t say 11 66 4.2 4.2 [Q23A_3] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: National Coalition Party Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: National Coalition Party Left 0 5 0.3 0.3 1 1 4 0.3 0.3 2 2 13 0.8 0.8 3 3 22 1.4 1.4 4 4 26 1.7 1.7 5 Neither lef nor right 5 101 6.5 6.5 6 6 112 7.2 7.2 7 7 172 11.0 11.0 8 8 333 21.4 21.4 9 9 347 22.3 22.3 Right 10 349 22.4 22.4 Can t say 11 75 4.8 4.8 51