FSD2955. Practices of Working Life 2012: Employers. Codebook

FSD2955 Practices of Working Life 2012: Employers Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Practices of Working Life 2012: Employers [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2018. This codebook has been generated from the version 4.0 (5.6.2017) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere FSD User Services: asiakaspalvelu.fsd@uta.fi +358 40 190 1442 Aila Data Service Portal: https://services.fsd.uta.fi/ Finnish Social Science Data Archive http://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/ $ Koodikirjoitin.py v36 @ 2018-09-10 15:14:06.622000 $

To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD2955 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If necessary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: University of Tampere: Practices of Working Life 2012: Employers [dataset]. Version 4.0 (2017-06-05). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:t- FSD2955 The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

Contents 1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles....................................... 1 1.2 Subject description................................ 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data........................ 3 1.4 Use of data.................................... 4 2 Variables 7 3 Indexes 55 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence....................... 55 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order.......................... 61 A naire in Finnish 67 i

Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Titles and data version: Practices of Working Life 2012: Employers Titles and data version in Finnish: Työelämän käytännöt 2012: työnantajat Alternative title: MEADOW 2012: Employer Survey: Finnish Data This codebook has been generated from the version 4.0 (5.6.2017) of the data. 1.2 Subject description Other material More information on MEADOW methodology and research 1 The MEADOW web site provides information on the project and the MEADOW Guidelines. Authoring entity University of Tampere. Work Research Center (WRC) Nieminen, Markku (Statistics Finland. Interview and Survey Services) Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. 1 http://meadow-project.eu 1

1. Study description Depositor Aho, Simo (University of Tampere. Work Research Center (WRC)) Date of deposit 19.6.2014 Keywords businesses; employees; employers; employment contracts; flexible working time; high-growth companies; innovation; occupational life; organizations; private sector; process development; product development; public sector; quality control; well-being at work; workers participation Topic Classification Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: business/industrial management and organisation; working conditions Series description The data belong to the series: Individual datasets Individual datasets that do not belong to any series. Abstract The survey focused on organisational practices and organisational change in Finland. Data were collected from private and public sector employers through telephone interviews. The contents of the survey were influenced by the MEADOW (Measuring the Dynamics of Organisations and Work) tool created to collect data on change at work and in organisations at the European level, both from employers and employees. Another influence were the national MEADOW surveys in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. This dataset forms the Finnish employer-level MEADOW survey. However, some parts of the Finnish survey differ from corresponding surveys in the other Nordic countries as the Finnish data contain more information on, for instance, organisational change and ways to implement changes, as well as on the role of employees in those changes and employee well-being. Both employer-level (FSD2955) and employee-level (FSD2954) surveys have been archived and the data can be combined using the organisation number variable. First, the interviewees were asked about their job in the organisation, and how long they had been doing it. Main characteristics of the organisation were investigated with questions on the 2

1.3. Structure and collection of the data number of employees in Finland and elsewhere, years of operation, type of organisation, main products or services, and main customer groups. The share of employees with temporary, parttime or employment agency contracts were surveyed. Further questions studied changes in staff numbers in the past two years and the reason behind employment growth or decline. Organisational structure was investigated by asking about the number of organisational levels, organisation into divisions or departments, team work practices, team autonomy, and involvement of non-managerial employees in improvement and development work. s on flexibility at work charted whether non-managerial employees could telecommute or choose when to start or end their daily work. Quality monitoring practices, customer satisfaction monitoring, and the use of ICTs such as online services and the social media were studied. One topic focused on collaboration with other organisations and the outsourcing of activities or production, and changes in these practices. The respondents were also asked whether the organisation had encountered difficulties in hiring or retaining staff, what percentage of employees had an annual performance appraisal or had undertaken training, whether meetings were held between line managers/supervisors and the staff they are responsible for, and whether the organisation had written down goals for employee well-being and had nominated a person or group responsible for well-being issues. One theme pertained to whether national or international areas accounted for the largest share of the private company s turnover, and whether the organisation had made major changes in their operations because of certain factors such as enviromental regulations, labour costs, increased competition, changes in demand, budgetary constraints etc. Innovative performance was investigated by asking about the productivity of the organisation compared with the competitors, new or significantly improved products or services introduced in the past two years, and new or significantly improved processes or marketing methods introduced. Some questions covered organisational changes in the past two years, type of change and whether a consultant had been hired and for what. The respondents were asked whether the organisation had a strategic plan in written form and what were the goals aimed at. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Organization Universe: Private companies and public sector organisations employing at least 10 persons, excluding agriculture and forestry employers Collection date: 2.5.2012 20.6.2012 Data collector(s): Statistics Finland. Interview and Survey Services Data producer(s): Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation Mode of data collection: Telephone interview Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2012 Time method of the data collection: Cross-section 3

1. Study description Response rate: 76.1% Number of variables and cases: The data contain 121 variables and 1561 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Stratified The sample was drawn from the Business Register maintained by Statistics Finland. The Business Register includes information from both the Register of Public Corporations and the Register of Enterprises and Establishments. For the private company sample, the population was stratified into strata according to organization size and industry. Two samples were drawn from each stratum, one for high-growth companies and one for other private companies. The reason for a separate sample for high-growth companies was to obtain a sufficient number of such companies in the sample. High-growth companies were defined as companies which had experienced an annual employment growth of 15% or more during the years 2007-2010. The public sector organisation sample represented central government agencies, and municipality, joint municipality and Evangelical Lutheran parish organisations. For the municipal sector (local authority), there were separate samples for 1) municipalities with fewer than 300 employees, 2) units of four administrative departments/sectors in bigger municipalities (general administration, education and culture department, social and health services, technical functions department), and 3) municipally owned companies. 1.4 Use of data Data appraisal The variable K62, which charted willingness to participate in subsequent survey rounds, has been removed from the archived data. Related publications Aho, Simo & Mäkiaho, Ari (2013). Organisaatioiden ja työn dynamiikka työnantajien näkökulmasta. MEADOW-tutkimuksen I väliraportti. Helsinki: Tekesin katsaus; 299. Aho, Simo & Minkkinen, Jaana & Mäkiaho, Ari (2013). Organisaatioiden ja työn dynamiikka työntekijöiden näkökulmasta. MEADOW-tutkimuksen II väliraportti. Helsinki: Tekesin katsaus; 300. Aho, Simo & Minkkinen, Jaana & Mäkiaho, Ari (2014). Organisointikäytännöt, innovatiivisuus ja työhyvinvointi. Työnantaja- ja työntekijähaastatteluja yhdistävään MEADOW-aineistoon perustuva tutkimus. Helsinki: Tekesin katsaus; 310. Alasoini, Tuomo & Aho, Simo & Minkkinen, Jaana & Mäkiaho, Ari (2013). Organisaatioiden ja työn dynamiikka Suomessa - MEADOW-tutkimuksen välituloksia. Työpoliittinen aikakauskirja 57(4), 39-52. Lindström, Sara & Janhonen, Minna (2015). Kasvuyritys työpaikkana. Kasvuyritysten ketterä henkilöstöjohtaminen - toimintamalleja pk-yrityksille (KetteräHR). Helsinki: Työterveyslaitos. Lindström, Sara & Janhonen, Minna (2015). Naisten ja miesten käsityksiä henkilöstöjohtamis- 4

1.4. Use of data esta, työhyvinvoinnista ja työn muutoksista kasvu- ja muissa yrityksissä. Helsinki: Työterveyslaitos. Ogbonnaya, C. & Messersmith, J. (2018) Employee performance, well-being, and differential effects of human resource management subdimensions: mutual gains or conflicting outcomes? Human Resource Management Journal. Rantanen Flores, Mirva (2017). Aineeton pääoma suomalaisissa työorganisaatioissa. Resursseja vai eriarvoisuutta? Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Yhteiskuntatutkimus. Sosiaalipsykologian kandidaatintutkielma. Voipio, Anssi (2015). Do high-involvement management practices enhance employees innovative behavior? Helsinki: Aalto University School of Business. Department of Economics. Kansantaloustieteen pro gradu -tutkielma. Updated list of publications in the study description at https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/fsd2955?lang=en&study_language=en Related studies FSD2954 Practices of Working Life 2012: Employees Related material Aho, Simo & Mäkiaho, Ari (2013). Organisaatioiden ja työn dynamiikka työnantajien näkökulmasta. MEADOW-tutkimuksen I väliraportti. Helsinki: Tekesin katsaus; 299. Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting The data contain a weight variable matching the sample to the distributions of the target population, that is, private companies and public organisations employing at least 10 persons. Restrictions The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. 5

Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1561 minimum 2955.00 maximum 2955.00 mean 2955.00 standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1561 minimum 4.00 maximum 4.00 mean 4.00 standard deviation 0.00 7

2. Variables [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1561 minimum 1.00 maximum 1561.00 mean 781.00 standard deviation 450.77 [K1] What job do you do at this company/organisation? What job do you do at this company/organisation? Owner or proprietor 1 116 7.4 7.4 Top executive manager/officer 2 470 30.1 30.1 Personnel manager, finance director, other manager 3 831 53.2 53.2 Other (please specify) 4 144 9.2 9.2 [K2] How long have you worked in this company/organisation? (Years) How long have you worked in this company/organisation? (Years) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1517 minimum 1.00 (continued on next page) 8

K3B (cont. from previous page) statistic value maximum 50.00 mean 12.44 standard deviation 10.06 [K3A] Currently, how many employees does your company/organisation have in Finland (all permanent, temporary, full-time and part-time employees on the payroll, excluding employees contracted through an employment agency)? (Number of employees) Currently, how many employees does your company/organisation have in Finland (all permanent, temporary, full-time and part-time employees on the payroll, excluding employees contracted through an employment agency)? (Number of employees) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1560 minimum 5.00 maximum 8000.00 mean 269.88 standard deviation 689.34 [K3B] How many employees of your company/organisation are currently working in other countries outside of Finland? (Number of employees) How many employees of your company/organisation are currently working in other countries outside of Finland? (Number of employees) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 232 minimum 1.00 maximum 65000.00 (continued on next page) 9

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) statistic value mean 1109.69 standard deviation 5803.95 [K4] How many years has your company/organisation been in operation? How many years has your company/organisation been in operation? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1031 minimum 1.00 maximum 400.00 mean 35.85 standard deviation 34.98 [K5] Is your establishment: Is your establishment: A single independent company/organisation 1 581 37.2 56.0 Part of a larger company/organisation 2 457 29.3 44.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 523 33.5 [K6] Is your establishment the Finnish subsidiary of an international company? Is your establishment the Finnish subsidiary of an international company? 10

K8A Yes 1 177 11.3 39.0 No 2 277 17.7 61.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 1107 70.9 [K7] Does your company/organisation have subsidiaries or establishments abroad? Does your company/organisation have subsidiaries or establishments abroad? Yes 1 95 6.1 34.4 No 2 181 11.6 65.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 1285 82.3 [K8A] Does your establishment produce goods or provide services to any of the following: Sister companies or other establishments within your own company or organisation? Does your establishment produce goods or provide services to any of the following: Sister companies or other establishments within your own company or organisation? Yes 1 323 20.7 70.7 No 2 134 8.6 29.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 1104 70.7 11

2. Variables [K8B] Does your company/organisation produce goods or provide services to any of the following: Other enterprises? Does your company/organisation produce goods or provide services to any of the following: Other enterprises? Yes 1 874 56.0 84.1 No 2 165 10.6 15.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 522 33.4 [K8C] Does your company/organisation produce goods or provide services to any of the following: Public sector actors such as government or municipal agencies? Does your company/organisation produce goods or provide services to any of the following: Public sector actors such as government or municipal agencies? Yes 1 639 40.9 61.6 No 2 398 25.5 38.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 524 33.6 [K8D] Does your company/organisation produce goods or provide services to any of the following: Individual consumers? Does your company/organisation produce goods or provide services to any of the following: Individual consumers? 12

K10 Yes 1 604 38.7 58.1 No 2 435 27.9 41.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 522 33.4 [K9] To which of these groups you mentioned above does your company/organisation provide the largest volume of goods or services? To which of these groups you mentioned above does your company/organisation provide the largest volume of goods or services? Sister companies or other establishments within own 1 46 2.9 5.7 company/organisation Other private sector enterprises 2 414 26.5 51.4 Public sector actors such as government or municipal 3 138 8.8 17.1 agencies Individual consumers 4 207 13.3 25.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 756 48.4 [K10] Are the main products or services of your company/organisation: Are the main products or services of your company/organisation: Products/services customised to meet customer specifications 1 530 34.0 51.6 Standardised products or services 2 497 31.8 48.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 534 34.2 13

2. Variables [K11] What percentage of the employees at this company/organisation has fixed-term/temporary contracts, including those on successive fixed-term contracts? What percentage of the employees at this company/organisation has fixed-term/temporary contracts, including those on successive fixed-term contracts? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1211 minimum 1.00 maximum 100.00 mean 14.93 standard deviation 16.83 [K12] What percentage of the employees at this company/organisation is part-time? What percentage of the employees at this company/organisation is part-time? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1057 minimum 1.00 maximum 100.00 mean 11.69 standard deviation 17.06 [K13] Are there any employees contracted through an employment agency currently working at this company/organisation? Are there any employees contracted through an employment agency currently working at this company/organisation? 14

K15 Yes 1 367 23.5 23.6 No 2 1191 76.3 76.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 3 0.2 [K14] How many employees have been contracted through an employment agency? (Number of employees) How many employees have been contracted through an employment agency? (Number of employees) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 342 minimum 1.00 maximum 200.00 mean 12.07 standard deviation 23.98 [K15] Compared with two years ago, has the total number of employees at your company/organisation: Compared with two years ago, has the total number of employees at your company/organisation: Increased by over 5% 1 451 28.9 29.3 Decreased by over 5% 2 247 15.8 16.0 The number of employees is approximately the same 3 842 53.9 54.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 21 1.3 15

2. Variables [K16A] Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Increase in the market for your products or services? Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Increase in the market for your products or services? Yes 1 362 23.2 80.4 No 2 88 5.6 19.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 1111 71.2 [K16B] Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Investments in new products or services? Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Investments in new products or services? Yes 1 208 13.3 46.1 No 2 243 15.6 53.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 1110 71.1 [K16C] Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Improvements in products or services? Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Improvements in products or services? 16

K16E Yes 1 236 15.1 52.3 No 2 215 13.8 47.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 1110 71.1 [K16D] Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Company acquisition or merger? Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Company acquisition or merger? Yes 1 90 5.8 23.6 No 2 292 18.7 76.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 1179 75.5 [K16E] Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Units or operations from other establishments were merged with this establishment? Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Units or operations from other establishments were merged with this establishment? Yes 1 25 1.6 36.2 No 2 44 2.8 63.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 1492 95.6 17

2. Variables [K16F] Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Increase in funding/operating budget? Were any of the following the reason for the increase in the number of employees: Increase in funding/operating budget? Yes 1 29 1.9 42.6 No 2 39 2.5 57.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 1493 95.6 [K17A] Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Technological innovation? Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Technological innovation? Yes 1 26 1.7 10.6 No 2 220 14.1 89.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 1315 84.2 [K17B] Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Organisational changes or restructuring? Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Organisational changes or restructuring? 18

K17D Yes 1 162 10.4 65.6 No 2 85 5.4 34.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 1314 84.2 [K17C] Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Decline in the market for your products or services? Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Decline in the market for your products or services? Yes 1 112 7.2 45.3 No 2 135 8.6 54.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 1314 84.2 [K17D] Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Sale or closure of part of your company/organisation? Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Sale or closure of part of your company/organisation? Yes 1 55 3.5 22.3 No 2 192 12.3 77.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 1314 84.2 19

2. Variables [K17E] Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Outsourcing of operations or transfer to other establishments of the company/organisation? Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Outsourcing of operations or transfer to other establishments of the company/organisation? Yes 1 77 4.9 31.2 No 2 170 10.9 68.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 1314 84.2 [K17F] Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Cuts in funding/operating budget? Were any of the following the reason for the decline in the number of employees: Cuts in funding/operating budget? Yes 1 49 3.1 61.3 No 2 31 2.0 38.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 1481 94.9 [K17_2] Please describe briefly the reason for the decline in the number of employees? (Open-ended) Please describe briefly the reason for the decline in the number of employees? (Open-ended) 20

K20 [K18] Over the past 12 months, what percentage of total working days at this company/organisation has been lost due to employee sickness? Over the past 12 months, what percentage of total working days at this company/organisation has been lost due to employee sickness? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1393 minimum 1.00 maximum 35.00 mean 4.88 standard deviation 3.59 [K19] How many organisational levels are there in your company/organisation, including the highest level such as senior management and the lowest level such as production staff? (Number of levels) How many organisational levels are there in your company/organisation, including the highest level such as senior management and the lowest level such as production staff? (Number of levels) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1555 minimum 1.00 maximum 20.00 mean 3.40 standard deviation 1.30 [K20] How many organisational levels were there two years ago? How many organisational levels were there two years ago? Descriptive statistics 21

2. Variables statistic value number of valid cases 1537 minimum 1.00 maximum 23.00 mean 3.38 standard deviation 1.34 [K21A] Does your company/organisation have: Separate divisions or departments by function, such as administration, research, production or sales? Does your company/organisation have: Separate divisions or departments by function, such as administration, research, production or sales? Yes 1 1214 77.8 77.9 No 2 345 22.1 22.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 2 0.1 [K21B] Does your company/organisation have: Separate divisions or departments by type of product or service? Does your company/organisation have: Separate divisions or departments by type of product or service? Yes 1 1038 66.5 66.6 No 2 520 33.3 33.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 3 0.2 22

K22A [K21C] Does your company/organisation have: Separate divisions or departments by geographical area? Does your company/organisation have: Separate divisions or departments by geographical area? Yes 1 1064 68.2 68.2 No 2 496 31.8 31.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 1 0.1 [K21D] Does your company/organisation have: Separate divisions or departments by sales or operational regions? Does your company/organisation have: Separate divisions or departments by sales or operational regions? Yes 1 762 48.8 48.9 No 2 795 50.9 51.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 4 0.3 [K22A] Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Decide themselves how their daily or weekly work is planned? Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Decide themselves how their daily or weekly work is planned? 23

2. Variables Yes 1 1244 79.7 80.0 No 2 311 19.9 20.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.4 [K22B] Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Are responsible for the quality of their work? Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Are responsible for the quality of their work? Yes 1 1272 81.5 81.8 No 2 283 18.1 18.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.4 [K22C] Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Choose their members themselves? Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Choose their members themselves? Yes 1 386 24.7 24.9 No 2 1167 74.8 75.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 8 0.5 24

K22F [K22D] Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Have direct contacts with other groups or teams in your company/organisation? Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Have direct contacts with other groups or teams in your company/organisation? Yes 1 1220 78.2 78.5 No 2 335 21.5 21.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.4 [K22E] Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Have direct contacts with external actors such as clients and subcontractors? Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Have direct contacts with external actors such as clients and subcontractors? Yes 1 1219 78.1 78.5 No 2 334 21.4 21.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 8 0.5 [K22F] Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Continuously develop their operations? Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Continuously develop their operations? 25

2. Variables Yes 1 1273 81.6 82.0 No 2 280 17.9 18.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 8 0.5 [K22G] Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Improve products or services? Does your company/organisation have groups or teams that: Improve products or services? Yes 1 1073 68.7 69.0 No 2 483 30.9 31.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 5 0.3 [K23] What percentage of employees at this company/organisation currently participates in such groups or teams? What percentage of employees at this company/organisation currently participates in such groups or teams? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1358 minimum 1.00 maximum 100.00 mean 64.28 standard deviation 34.95 26

K26 [K24] Are any of the employees at this company/organisation currently involved in groups who meet regularly to think about improvements that could be made in this establishment and in its operations? Are any of the employees at this company/organisation currently involved in groups who meet regularly to think about improvements that could be made in this establishment and in its operations? Yes 1 1280 82.0 82.3 No 2 275 17.6 17.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.4 [K25] What percentage of employees at this company/organisation currently participates in such groups? What percentage of employees at this company/organisation currently participates in such groups? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1240 minimum 1.00 maximum 100.00 mean 55.49 standard deviation 35.80 [K26] Compared with two years ago, has the percentage of employees participating in such groups: Compared with two years ago, has the percentage of employees participating in such groups: 27

2. Variables Increased 1 478 30.6 37.5 Decreased 2 26 1.7 2.0 Remained approximately the same 3 772 49.5 60.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 285 18.3 [K27] Can any of the non-managerial employees at this company/organisation choose when they begin or finish their daily work? Can any of the non-managerial employees at this company/organisation choose when they begin or finish their daily work? Yes 1 1241 79.5 79.6 No 2 319 20.4 20.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 1 0.1 [K28] According to your estimate, what percentage of the non-managerial employees at this company/organisation can currently choose when they begin or finish their daily work? According to your estimate, what percentage of the non-managerial employees at this company/organisation can currently choose when they begin or finish their daily work? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1225 minimum 1.00 maximum 100.00 mean 60.01 standard deviation 36.84 28

K30B [K29] Can any of the employees at your company/organisation choose to work from home or otherwise work remotely? Can any of the employees at your company/organisation choose to work from home or otherwise work remotely? Yes 1 878 56.2 56.3 No 2 682 43.7 43.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 1 0.1 [K30A] According to your estimate, what percentage of the employees at this company/organisation works remotely: Regularly, for example, weekly? According to your estimate, what percentage of the employees at this company/organisation works remotely: Regularly, for example, weekly? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 609 minimum 1.00 maximum 100.00 mean 13.81 standard deviation 19.12 [K30B] According to your estimate, what percentage of the employees at this company/organisation works remotely: Occasionally? According to your estimate, what percentage of the employees at this company/organisation works remotely: Occasionally? Descriptive statistics 29

2. Variables statistic value number of valid cases 740 minimum 1.00 maximum 100.00 mean 18.80 standard deviation 23.06 [K31] Does your company/organisation have any kind of quality monitoring system? Does your company/organisation have any kind of quality monitoring system? Yes 1 849 54.4 54.7 No 2 704 45.1 45.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 8 0.5 [K32] Does your company/organisation currently monitor customer satisfaction? Does your company/organisation currently monitor customer satisfaction? Yes, on a regular basis 1 996 63.8 63.9 Yes, but infrequently 2 417 26.7 26.8 Never 3 145 9.3 9.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 3 0.2 [K33] Did your company/organisation monitor customer satisfaction two years ago? Did your company/organisation monitor customer satisfaction two years ago? 30

K35 Yes, on a regular basis 1 849 54.4 61.0 Yes, but infrequently 2 501 32.1 36.0 Never 3 42 2.7 3.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 169 10.8 [K34] Does your company/organisation provide online services on the Internet? Does your company/organisation provide online services on the Internet? Yes 1 921 59.0 59.2 No 2 636 40.7 40.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 4 0.3 [K35] Compared to two years ago, has the number of online services provided: Compared to two years ago, has the number of online services provided: Increased 1 493 31.6 54.6 Decreased 2 1 0.1 0.1 Remained approximately the same 3 409 26.2 45.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 658 42.2 31

2. Variables [K36] Does your company/organisation use social media such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn or blogs? Does your company/organisation use social media such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn or blogs? Yes 1 620 39.7 39.7 No 2 941 60.3 60.3 [K37A] Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Marketing? Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Marketing? Yes 1 454 29.1 73.5 No 2 164 10.5 26.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 943 60.4 [K37B] Is social media used in your company/organisation for: External communication? Is social media used in your company/organisation for: External communication? Yes 1 508 32.5 82.3 No 2 109 7.0 17.7 (continued on next page) 32

K37E (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS). 944 60.5 [K37C] Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Internal communication? Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Internal communication? Yes 1 248 15.9 40.1 No 2 371 23.8 59.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 942 60.3 [K37D] Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Recruitment? Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Recruitment? Yes 1 255 16.3 41.4 No 2 361 23.1 58.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 945 60.5 [K37E] Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Developing and improving products and services? Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Developing and improving products and services? 33

2. Variables Yes 1 224 14.3 36.7 No 2 387 24.8 63.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 950 60.9 [K37F] Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Some other purpose Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Some other purpose Yes 1 99 6.3 16.2 No 2 513 32.9 83.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 949 60.8 [K37F_2] Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Some other purpose, please specify purpose (open-ended) Is social media used in your company/organisation for: Some other purpose, please specify purpose (open-ended) [K38A] Is your company/organisation currently collaborating with other companies or organisations in: Design or development of new products or services? Is your company/organisation currently collaborating with other companies or organisations in: Design or development of new products or services? 34

K38C Yes 1 1201 76.9 76.9 No 2 360 23.1 23.1 [K38B] Is your company/organisation currently collaborating with other companies or organisations in: Procurements of products or services from other producers? Is your company/organisation currently collaborating with other companies or organisations in: Procurements of products or services from other producers? Yes 1 930 59.6 60.0 No 2 621 39.8 40.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 10 0.6 [K38C] Is your company/organisation currently collaborating with other companies or organisations in: Sales or marketing of products or services? Is your company/organisation currently collaborating with other companies or organisations in: Sales or marketing of products or services? Yes 1 787 50.4 50.8 No 2 761 48.8 49.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 13 0.8 35

2. Variables [K39A] Did your company/organisation collaborate with other companies or organisations in the following two years ago: Design or development of new products or services? Did your company/organisation collaborate with other companies or organisations in the following two years ago: Design or development of new products or services? Yes 1 1101 70.5 93.1 No 2 82 5.3 6.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 378 24.2 [K39B] Did your company/organisation collaborate with other companies or organisations in the following two years ago: Procurements of products or services from other producers? Did your company/organisation collaborate with other companies or organisations in the following two years ago: Procurements of products or services from other producers? Yes 1 852 54.6 93.2 No 2 62 4.0 6.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 647 41.4 [K39C] Did your company/organisation collaborate with other companies or organisations in the following two years ago: Sales or marketing of products or services? Did your company/organisation collaborate with other companies or organisations in the following two years ago: Sales or marketing of products or services? 36

K40B Yes 1 706 45.2 91.2 No 2 68 4.4 8.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 787 50.4 [K40A] Has your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following: Design or development of new products or services? Has your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following: Design or development of new products or services? Yes 1 259 16.6 21.7 No 2 937 60.0 78.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 365 23.4 [K40B] Has your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following: Procurements of products or services from other producers? Has your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following: Procurements of products or services from other producers? Yes 1 428 27.4 46.6 No 2 490 31.4 53.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 643 41.2 37

2. Variables [K40C] Has your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following: Sales or marketing of products or services? Has your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following: Sales or marketing of products or services? Yes 1 236 15.1 30.1 No 2 548 35.1 69.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 777 49.8 [K41A] Had your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following two years ago: Design or development of new products or services? Had your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following two years ago: Design or development of new products or services? Yes 1 197 12.6 78.2 No 2 55 3.5 21.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 1309 83.9 [K41B] Had your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following two years ago: Procurements of products or services from other producers? Had your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following two years ago: Procurements of products or services from other producers? 38

K43 Yes 1 364 23.3 86.7 No 2 56 3.6 13.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 1141 73.1 [K41C] Had your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following two years ago: Sales or marketing of products or services? Had your company/organisation partly or entirely outsourced the following two years ago: Sales or marketing of products or services? Yes 1 189 12.1 80.8 No 2 45 2.9 19.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 1327 85.0 [K42] Has your company/organisation encountered any difficulties over the last two years in recruiting competent staff? Has your company/organisation encountered any difficulties over the last two years in recruiting competent staff? Yes 1 747 47.9 47.9 No 2 814 52.1 52.1 [K43] Has your company/organisation encountered any difficulties over the last two years in retaining staff? Has your company/organisation encountered any difficulties over the last two years in retaining staff? 39

2. Variables Yes 1 272 17.4 17.4 No 2 1288 82.5 82.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 1 0.1 [K44] Approximately what percentage of your employees has a performance appraisal or evaluation interview at least once a year? Approximately what percentage of your employees has a performance appraisal or evaluation interview at least once a year? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1310 minimum 1.00 maximum 100.00 mean 79.47 standard deviation 29.34 [K45] Approximately what percentage of employees has been given paid time-off from their work to undertake training in the past 12 months? Approximately what percentage of employees has been given paid time-off from their work to undertake training in the past 12 months? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1498 minimum 1.00 maximum 100.00 mean 68.34 standard deviation 31.86 40

K48 [K46] Over the last 12 months, approximately what percentage of employees received on-the-job training to improve their skills? Over the last 12 months, approximately what percentage of employees received on-the-job training to improve their skills? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1433 minimum 1.00 maximum 100.00 mean 74.81 standard deviation 30.38 [K47] Does your company/organisation have meetings between line managers or supervisors and all the workers for whom they are responsible? Does your company/organisation have meetings between line managers or supervisors and all the workers for whom they are responsible? Every day 1 72 4.6 4.6 At least once a week 2 572 36.6 36.8 At least once a month 3 756 48.4 48.6 At least once a year 4 119 7.6 7.7 Never 5 35 2.2 2.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 7 0.4 [K48] Has your company/organisation set goals, documented in writing, for promoting workplace wellbeing? Has your company/organisation set goals, documented in writing, for promoting workplace wellbeing? 41

2. Variables Yes 1 1089 69.8 70.1 No 2 464 29.7 29.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 8 0.5 [K49] Does your company/organisation have a workplace wellbeing team or a person responsible for it? Does your company/organisation have a workplace wellbeing team or a person responsible for it? Yes 1 1186 76.0 76.1 No 2 373 23.9 23.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 2 0.1 [K50] [PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES/ORGANISATIONS ONLY] During the last two years, did the largest share of your turnover come from: [PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES/ORGANISATIONS ONLY] During the last two years, did the largest share of your turnover come from: National markets 1 881 56.4 85.1 International markets 2 154 9.9 14.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 526 33.7 42

K51C [K51A] In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Changes in health and safety regulations? In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Changes in health and safety regulations? Yes 1 374 24.0 24.1 No 2 1181 75.7 75.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.4 [K51B] In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Changes in environmental regulations? In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Changes in environmental regulations? Yes 1 252 16.1 16.3 No 2 1296 83.0 83.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 13 0.8 [K51C] In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Increased labour costs? In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Increased labour costs? 43

2. Variables Yes 1 442 28.3 28.4 No 2 1116 71.5 71.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 3 0.2 [K51D] In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Increased raw material or other input costs? In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Increased raw material or other input costs? Yes 1 505 32.4 32.5 No 2 1050 67.3 67.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.4 [K51E] In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Increased competition? In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Increased competition? Yes 1 594 38.1 38.2 No 2 962 61.6 61.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 5 0.3 44

K51H [K51F] In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Changes in demand? In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Changes in demand? Yes 1 729 46.7 46.9 No 2 826 52.9 53.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.4 [K51G] In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Introduction of new technology? In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Introduction of new technology? Yes 1 729 46.7 46.9 No 2 827 53.0 53.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 5 0.3 [K51H] In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Budgetary cuts? In the last two years, did your company/organisation make changes to operations in response to: Budgetary cuts? 45

2. Variables Yes 1 223 14.3 42.7 No 2 299 19.2 57.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 1039 66.6 [K52] In your estimate, how does the labour productivity of your company/organisation compare with the productivity of your competitors or other actors in the market/field? In your estimate, how does the labour productivity of your company/organisation compare with the productivity of your competitors or other actors in the market/field? Well above average 1 141 9.0 9.4 Above average 2 548 35.1 36.6 Average 3 712 45.6 47.5 Below average 4 97 6.2 6.5 Well below average 5 1 0.1 0.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 62 4.0 [K53] During the last two years has your company/organisation introduced any new or significantly improved products or services? During the last two years has your company/organisation introduced any new or significantly improved products or services? Yes 1 746 47.8 48.1 No 2 804 51.5 51.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 11 0.7 46

K56A [K54] Were any of these new products or services completely new to your market? Were any of these new products or services completely new to your market? Yes 1 356 22.8 47.8 No 2 388 24.9 52.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 817 52.3 [K55] During the last two years, has your company/organisation improved its production processes? During the last two years, has your company/organisation improved its production processes? Yes 1 1230 78.8 79.6 No 2 316 20.2 20.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 15 1.0 [K56A] During the last two years, has your company/organisation introduced any new or significantly improved: Marketing methods? During the last two years, has your company/organisation introduced any new or significantly improved: Marketing methods? 47

2. Variables Yes 1 426 27.3 41.4 No 2 603 38.6 58.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 532 34.1 [K56B] During the last two years, has your company/organisation introduced any new or significantly improved: Business innovations? During the last two years, has your company/organisation introduced any new or significantly improved: Business innovations? Yes 1 304 19.5 29.8 No 2 715 45.8 70.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 542 34.7 [K57] During the last two years, has your company/organisation made significant organisational changes? During the last two years, has your company/organisation made significant organisational changes? Yes 1 958 61.4 61.4 No 2 601 38.5 38.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 2 0.1 [K57_2] Could you briefly describe the most important organisational change introduced? (Open-ended) Could you briefly describe the most important organisational change introduced? (Open-ended) 48

K58C [K58A] Has your company/organisation used outside consultants during the past two years for: Developing production processes? Has your company/organisation used outside consultants during the past two years for: Developing production processes? Yes 1 465 29.8 30.0 No 2 1084 69.4 70.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 12 0.8 [K58B] Has your company/organisation used outside consultants during the past two years for: Developing marketing? Has your company/organisation used outside consultants during the past two years for: Developing marketing? Yes 1 377 24.2 24.3 No 2 1173 75.1 75.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 11 0.7 [K58C] Has your company/organisation used outside consultants during the past two years for: Developing the workplace through organisational changes? Has your company/organisation used outside consultants during the past two years for: Developing the workplace through organisational changes? 49

2. Variables Yes 1 561 35.9 36.1 No 2 995 63.7 63.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 5 0.3 [K58D] Has your company/organisation used outside consultants during the past two years for: Improving workplace wellbeing? Has your company/organisation used outside consultants during the past two years for: Improving workplace wellbeing? Yes 1 749 48.0 48.2 No 2 806 51.6 51.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.4 [K58E] Has your company/organisation used outside consultants during the past two years for: Developing something else? Has your company/organisation used outside consultants during the past two years for: Developing something else? Yes 1 542 34.7 34.9 No 2 1009 64.6 65.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 10 0.6 50