FSD1322. Welfare Survey Codebook

Transkriptio

1 FSD1322 Welfare Survey 1998 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 c Finnish Social Science Data Archive, 2004 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Welfare Survey 1998 [codebook]. Tampere : Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 ( ) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. FSD Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE tel fax fsd@uta.fi URI: Typeset by L A TEX $ Koodikirjoitin.py :37: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD1322 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive). The source must be acknowledged in any publication based wholly or in part on the data. The bibliographic citation may be in the form required by the publication, or in the form suggested by the archive. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Welfare Survey 1998 [computer file]. FSD1322, version 1.0 ( ). Turku: Social Insurance Institution of Finland & Turku: University of Turku. Department of Social Policy [producers]. Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], The depositor and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data. The archive must be informed of all publications where the data have been used. The beginning of the codebook contains information on data content, structure and collection, and includes a list of publications where the data have been used. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percents (%), and valid percents (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "missing data (SYSMIS)" refers to a missing observation whereas "missing data" refers to, for example, user missing data. In some cases users of the data have to consider whether it is best to code also other values as missing data (eg. don t want to say or can t say ). This codebook has been produced automatically with Python, L A TEXand dvipdfm software. Source files include data description files in DDI format, and SPSS files.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 5 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurance Variables in alphabetical order A naires in Finnish 107 i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Title of the study: Welfare Survey 1998 Title of the study in Finnish: Hyvinvointi 1998 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 ( ) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. 1.2 Subject description Extent of collection Data: SPSS portable file. Data available also in other file formats. Other material naire: pdf file in Finnish Authoring entity Social Insurance Institution of Finland University of Turku. Department of Social Policy Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. 1

8 1. Study description Depositor Ritakallio, Veli-Matti (University of Turku. Department of Social Policy) Date deposited Keywords financial circumstances; health; health care services; income; poverty; social security; social security benefits; standard of living; taxes; unemployment; welfare Topic Classification Classification by FSD vocabulary: social policy; social work; sociology; welfare studies Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: social welfare policy Series description The data belong to the series: Welfare Surveys The joint research project of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (KELA) and the Department of Social Policy at the University of Turku focuses on Finnish experiences and opinions on welfare, social policy and social security. The survey series studies respondents (aged between 18 and 74) main economic activity, employment status, health, housing, experiences of unemployment, social benefits and income transfers received, financial circumstances, and standard of living on the whole. Themes covered also include social relations, life events and life control. The surveys are comparable to a large extent. Data collection began in Abstract The survey charted the spiritual, physical and material welfare of people living in Finland. Respondents evaluated their health and psychosomatic symptoms. They were also asked whether something, such as their health or the size of accommodation, prevented them from having a meaningful life. Opinions on social and health care services, social security, taxes, and unemployment were probed with attitudinal statements which were partly different in questionnaires A and B. In addition, respondents assessed the importance of different objectives of employment policy measures, for example, the prevention of social exclusion. 2

9 1.3. Structure and collection of the data Perceptions of the level of income support and the amount it should be as well as the household monthly income by income decile and monthly expenses were charted. Respondents also rated the living standard and income of their household. They were asked about saving, borrowing money and credit possibilities. Respondents potential financial difficulties were charted by asking about insecurity caused by different economic factors, problems with paying the bills, frequency of money problems and strategies for solving those problems. People who were married or cohabiting were asked about their spouse s employment status, those who were employed were asked about their employment and those who were unemployed or laid off were asked about reasons and duration of unemployment or layoff. Opinions on the questionnaire and the subject of the survey were charted. Background variables included year of birth, gender, marital status, household composition, municipality, highest level of education, occupation, political party preference and main activity at the time of the survey and during past two years. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographical coverage: Finland Unit of analysis: Person Universe: People aged between 18 and 74 living in Finland Collection date: March 1998 May 1998 Data collector: Social Security Institution of Finland; University of Turku. Department of Social Policy Data producer: Social Insurance Institution of Finland; University of Turku. Department of Social Policy Mode of data collection: Postal survey Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1998 Time method of the data collection: Cross-sectional study Response rate: 68 % Number of variables and cases: The data contain 194 variables and 2821 cases. Sampling procedure: A randomly selected, representative sample of people aged between 18 and 74 living in Finland. The sample of 4200 persons was selected from the population register. Non-response analysis was made by comparing respondents household income by decile to the 1998 Income Distribution Statistics of Statistics Finland. Deciles I-IV were slightly underrepresented and deciles V, VIII and IX were slightly overrepresented. There were hardly any skewness in the data regarding, for example, gender. 3

10 1. Study description 1.4 Use of data Data appraisal The variable identifying municipality has been removed from the data. The data do not contain answers to the open-ended questions 34, 52 and 62 nor to "Other, what" type of open-ended question categories. In section 36, attitudinal statements 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 are differently formulated in questionnaires A and B. Variable labels in the data are based on those in questionnaire A. Related publications Lindholm, Hanna (2001). Suomalaisen hyvinvoinnin muutokset Helsinki: Kansaneläkelaitos. Sosiaali- ja terveysturvan tutkimuksia; 63. Marski, Jarmo & Mäensivu, Vesa (1998). Hyvinvoinnin muutossuuntia Helsinki: Kansaneläkelaitos. Sosiaali- ja terveysturvan katsauksia; 30. Updated list of publications in the study description at Related material The classification of occupations used in the data set: Classification of Occupations 1997, Annex 3. Summary, Handbooks 14. Helsinki : Statistics Finland, Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions Access to the data granted for scientific and teaching purposes. FSD s access application procedure. Restricted access. 4

11 Chapter 2 Variables [ID] Case ID Case ID Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2821 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [LOMAKE] naire type naire type Green B questionnaire White A questionnaire Swedish A questionnaire

12 2. Variables [Q1] Respondent s year of birth Respondent s year of birth Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2715 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q2] Respondent s gender Respondent s gender Male Female missing data (SYSMIS) [Q3] Respondent s marital status Respondent s marital status Single Married Co-habiting (continued on next page) 6

13 Q5_1 (cont. from previous page) Separated or divorced Widow missing data (SYSMIS) [Q4] Respondent s household composition Respondent s household composition One person household Lone parent Married/co-habiting, no children Married/co-habiting with children Living with parents Other, please specify missing data (SYSMIS) [Q5_1] Number of household members Number of household members Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2675 minimum 1.00 maximum 9.00 mean 2.57 standard deviation

14 2. Variables [Q5_2] Number of children aged 0-6 living in the household Number of children aged 0-6 living in the household Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 483 minimum 1.00 maximum 4.00 mean 1.47 standard deviation 0.67 [Q5_3] Number of children aged 7-17 living in the household Number of children aged 7-17 living in the household Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 634 minimum 1.00 maximum 8.00 mean 1.63 standard deviation 0.87 [Q5_4] Number of children aged over 17 living in the household Number of children aged over 17 living in the household Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 412 minimum 1.00 (continued on next page) 8

15 Q8 (cont. from previous page) statistic value maximum 4.00 mean 1.22 standard deviation 0.46 [Q7] Number of years respondent has lived in the present municipality of residence Number of years respondent has lived in the present municipality of residence Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2774 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q8] Respondent s highest level of education Respondent s highest level of education Primary or lower secondary education Vocational course, completed apprenticeship etc Vocational school Upper seconday education Academic degree missing data (SYSMIS)

16 2. Variables [Q9] Respondent s present economic activity Respondent s present economic activity At work full-time At work part-time At work on a government subsidized contract Unemployed Laid off In labour market training for the unemployed Student or pupil Homemaker/househusband Retired Other, please specify missing data (SYSMIS) [Q10_1] In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q10_1_1] In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: years In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: years Descriptive statistics 10

17 Q10_2_1 statistic value number of valid cases 1280 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.76 standard deviation 0.43 [Q10_1_2] In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: months In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 460 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 6.07 standard deviation 2.96 [Q10_2] In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q10_2_1] In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: years In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: years Descriptive statistics 11

18 2. Variables statistic value number of valid cases 106 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.47 standard deviation 0.50 [Q10_2_2] In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: months In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 161 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 5.43 standard deviation 3.12 [Q10_3] In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract Not mentioned Mentioned [Q10_3_1] In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: years In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: years 12

19 Q10_4_1 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 12 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation 0.00 [Q10_3_2] In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: months In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 78 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 6.13 standard deviation 2.25 [Q10_4] In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q10_4_1] In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: years In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: years 13

20 2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 213 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.39 standard deviation 0.49 [Q10_4_2] In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: months In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 276 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 5.19 standard deviation 3.05 [Q10_5] In the past two years, have you been: Laid off In the past two years, have you been: Laid off Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q10_5_1] In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: years In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: years 14

21 Q10_6_1 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.25 standard deviation 0.46 [Q10_5_2] In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: months In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 32 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 3.47 standard deviation 2.79 [Q10_6] In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course) In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course) Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q10_6_1] In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): years In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): years 15

22 2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 7 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.14 standard deviation 0.38 [Q10_6_2] In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): months In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 80 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 4.89 standard deviation 2.93 [Q10_7] In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q10_7_1] In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: years In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: years 16

23 Q10_8_1 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 243 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.51 standard deviation 0.50 [Q10_7_2] In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: months In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 180 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 6.13 standard deviation 3.10 [Q10_8] In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q10_8_1] In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: years In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: years 17

24 2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 93 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.49 standard deviation 0.50 [Q10_8_2] In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: months In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 66 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 6.00 standard deviation 2.69 [Q10_9] In the past two years, have you been: Retired In the past two years, have you been: Retired Not mentioned Mentioned [Q10_9_1] In the past two years, have you been: Retired: years In the past two years, have you been: Retired: years 18

25 Q10_10_1 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 356 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.91 standard deviation 0.28 [Q10_9_2] In the past two years, have you been: Retired: months In the past two years, have you been: Retired: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 46 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 6.26 standard deviation 2.59 [Q10_10] In the past two years, have you been: Something else In the past two years, have you been: Something else Not mentioned Mentioned [Q10_10_1] In the past two years, have you been:something else: years In the past two years, have you been:something else: years 19

26 2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 85 minimum 1.00 maximum 2.00 mean 1.51 standard deviation 0.50 [Q10_10_2] In the past two years, have you been: Something else: months In the past two years, have you been: Something else: months Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 116 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 6.63 standard deviation 3.09 [Q11] Respondent s present occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) Respondent s present occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) Armed forces Legislators, senior officials and managers Professionals Technicians and associate professionals Clerks Service and care workers+shop and market sales workers Skilled agricultural and fishery workers (continued on next page) 20

27 Q11 (cont. from previous page) Craft and related trades workers Plant and machine operators and assemblers Elementary occupations Legislators and senior officials Corporate managers Managers of small enterprises Physical, mathematical and engin. science professionals Life science and health professionals Teaching professionals Other professionals Physical and engineering science associate professionals Life science and health associate professionals Traffic instructors and other teaching associate prof Other associate professionals Office clerks Customer services clerks Personal and protective services workers Models, salespersons and demonstrators Skilled agricultural and fishery workers Extraction and building trades workers Metal, machinery and related trades workers Precision, handicraft, craft print.+rel. trades workers Other craft and related trades workers Stationary plant and related operators Machine operators and assemblers Drivers and related water traffic operators Sales and services elementary occupations Agricultural, fishery and related labourers Labourers in manufacturing and construction Legislators and senior government officers Senior officials: special-interest organisations Directors and chief executives Production and operations managers Other specialist managers Managers of small enterprises Physicists, chemists and related professionals Mathematicians, statisticians and related professionals Computing professionals Architects and engineering science professionals Life science professionals (continued on next page) 21

28 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Health professionals, except nursing Matrons and ward sisters College, university and higher education teaching prof. Secondary education teaching professionals Primary and pre-primary education teaching prof Special education teaching professionals Other teaching professionals Business professionals Legal professionals Archivists, librarians and related information prof Social science and related professionals Writers and creative or performing artists Parish clergy and other religious professionals Public service administrative professionals Physical, chemical and engineering science technicians Computer associate professionals Optical and electronic equipment operators Ship, aircraft and harbour traffic controllers and techn. Safety and quality inspectors Life science technicians and related associate prof Health associate professionals, except nursing Nursing and related associate professionals Traffic instructors and other teaching associate prof Finance and sales associate professionals Business services agents and trade brokers Administrative associate professionals Customs insp+frontier+coast guards+gov.tax off rap Police inspectors and detectives Social instructors and related associate professionals Artistic, entertainment and sports associate professionals Religious associate professionals Secretaries and keyboard-operating clerks Payroll accounting and insurance clerks Material-recording and transport clerks Library, mail and related clerks Other office clerks Cashiers, tellers and related clerks Client information clerks (continued on next page) 22

29 Q11 (cont. from previous page) Travel attendants and related workers Housekeeping and restaurant services workers Practical nurses, childminders and home care assistants Other personal services workers Protective services workers Fashion and other models Shop, stall and market salespersons and demonstrators Market gardeners and crop growers Animal producers and related workers Crop and animal producers and workers Forestry and related workers Fishery workers, hunters and trappers Miners, shotfirers, stone cutters and carvers Building frame and related trades workers Building finishers and related trades workers Painters+building struct. cleaners and rel. trades workers Metal moulders, sheet-metal workers and rel.trades workers Blacksmiths, tool-makers and related trades workers Machinery mechanics and fitters Electrical, electronic and telecomm. equip mech.+fitters Precision workers in metal and related materials Potters, glass-makers and related trades workers Handicraft workers in wood, textile, leather and rel mat. Craft printing and related trades workers Food processing and related trades workers Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related trades workers Textile, garment and related trades workers Pelt, leather and shoemaking trades workers Mining and mineral-processing-plant operators Metal-processing plant operators Glass, ceramics and related plant operators Wood-processing- and papermaking-plant operators Chemical-processing-plant operators Power-production and related plant operators Industrial robot operators Metal- and mineral-products machine operators (continued on next page) 23

30 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Chemical-products machine operators Rubber- and plastic-products machine operators Wood-products machine operators Printing-, binding- and paper-products machine oper Textile-, fur- and leather-products machine operators Food and tobacco products machine operators Assemblers Other machine operators nor elsewhere classified Locomotive engine drivers and related workers Motor vehicle drivers Mobile-plant operators Ships deck and engine crews and related workers Street vendors and related workers Shoe cleaning and other street services elementary occup Hospital, domestic, kitchen and related helpers, cleaners Building caretakers, window and related cleaners Messengers, doorkeepers and related workers Garbage collectors and related labourers Agricultural, fishery and related labourers Mining and construction labourers Manufacturing labourers Transport labourers and freight handlers Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers Shoe-makers and related workers missing data (SYSMIS) [Q12] Respondent s employment status (now/previously) Respondent s employment status (now/previously) Employee Large or small employer, own-account worker Farmer (continued on next page) 24

31 Q14 (cont. from previous page) Contributing family member on a farm Contributing family member in an enterprise None of the above missing data (SYSMIS) [Q13] Spouse s/partner s present economic activity Spouse s/partner s present economic activity At work full-time At work part-time Unemployed Laid off Retired Student Homemaker/househusband Other, please specify missing data (SYSMIS) [Q14] Spouse s/partner s employment status (now/previously) Spouse s/partner s employment status (now/previously) Employee Large or small employer, own-account worker Farmer Contributing family member on a farm (continued on next page) 25

32 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Contributing family member in an enterprise None of the above missing data (SYSMIS) [Q15] Spouse s/partner s occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) Spouse s/partner s occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) Armed forces Legislators, senior officials and managers Professionals Technicians and associate professionals Clerks Service and care workers+shop and market sales workers Skilled agricultural and fishery workers Craft and related trades workers Plant and machine operators and assemblers Elementary occupations Legislators and senior officials Corporate managers Managers of small enterprises Physical, mathematical and engin. science professionals Life science and health professionals Teaching professionals Other professionals Physical and engineering science associate professionals Life science and health associate professionals Traffic instructors and other teaching associate prof Other associate professionals Office clerks Customer services clerks (continued on next page) 26

33 Q15 (cont. from previous page) Personal and protective services workers Models, salespersons and demonstrators Skilled agricultural and fishery workers Extraction and building trades workers Metal, machinery and related trades workers Precision, handicraft, craft print.+rel. trades workers Other craft and related trades workers Stationary plant and related operators Machine operators and assemblers Drivers and related water traffic operators Sales and services elementary occupations Agricultural, fishery and related labourers Labourers in manufacturing and construction Legislators and senior government officers Senior officials: special-interest organisations Directors and chief executives Production and operations managers Other specialist managers Managers of small enterprises Physicists, chemists and related professionals Mathematicians, statisticians and related professionals Computing professionals Architects and engineering science professionals Life science professionals Health professionals, except nursing Matrons and ward sisters College, university and higher education teaching prof. Secondary education teaching professionals Primary and pre-primary education teaching prof Special education teaching professionals Other teaching professionals Business professionals Legal professionals Archivists, librarians and related information prof Social science and related professionals Writers and creative or performing artists Parish clergy and other religious professionals Public service administrative professionals Physical, chemical and engineering science technicians Computer associate professionals (continued on next page) 27

34 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Optical and electronic equipment operators Ship, aircraft and harbour traffic controllers and techn. Safety and quality inspectors Life science technicians and related associate prof Health associate professionals, except nursing Nursing and related associate professionals Traffic instructors and other teaching associate prof Finance and sales associate professionals Business services agents and trade brokers Administrative associate professionals Customs insp+frontier+coast guards+gov.tax off rap Police inspectors and detectives Social instructors and related associate professionals Artistic, entertainment and sports associate professionals Religious associate professionals Secretaries and keyboard-operating clerks Payroll accounting and insurance clerks Material-recording and transport clerks Library, mail and related clerks Other office clerks Cashiers, tellers and related clerks Client information clerks Travel attendants and related workers Housekeeping and restaurant services workers Practical nurses, childminders and home care assistants Other personal services workers Protective services workers Fashion and other models Shop, stall and market salespersons and demonstrators Market gardeners and crop growers Animal producers and related workers Crop and animal producers and workers Forestry and related workers Fishery workers, hunters and trappers Miners, shotfirers, stone cutters and carvers Building frame and related trades workers Building finishers and related trades workers (continued on next page) 28

35 Q15 (cont. from previous page) Painters+building struct. cleaners and rel. trades workers Metal moulders, sheet-metal workers and rel.trades workers Blacksmiths, tool-makers and related trades workers Machinery mechanics and fitters Electrical, electronic and telecomm. equip mech.+fitters Precision workers in metal and related materials Potters, glass-makers and related trades workers Handicraft workers in wood, textile, leather and rel mat. Craft printing and related trades workers Food processing and related trades workers Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related trades workers Textile, garment and related trades workers Pelt, leather and shoemaking trades workers Mining and mineral-processing-plant operators Metal-processing plant operators Glass, ceramics and related plant operators Wood-processing- and papermaking-plant operators Chemical-processing-plant operators Power-production and related plant operators Industrial robot operators Metal- and mineral-products machine operators Chemical-products machine operators Rubber- and plastic-products machine operators Wood-products machine operators Printing-, binding- and paper-products machine oper Textile-, fur- and leather-products machine operators Food and tobacco products machine operators Assemblers Other machine operators nor elsewhere classified Locomotive engine drivers and related workers Motor vehicle drivers Mobile-plant operators Ships deck and engine crews and related workers Street vendors and related workers Shoe cleaning and other street services elementary occup Hospital, domestic, kitchen and related helpers, cleaners (continued on next page) 29

36 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Building caretakers, window and related cleaners Messengers, doorkeepers and related workers Garbage collectors and related labourers Agricultural, fishery and related labourers Mining and construction labourers Manufacturing labourers Transport labourers and freight handlers Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers Shoe-makers and related workers missing data (SYSMIS) [Q16] For how long is your spouse s/partner s employment contract valid? For how long is your spouse s/partner s employment contract valid? Partner not working currently For less than a year For 1-3 years For longer than 3 years missing data (SYSMIS) [Q17] Has your spouse/partner been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? Has your spouse/partner been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? No (continued on next page) 30

37 Q19 (cont. from previous page) Yes, once for a brief time (less than 3 months) Yes, for several short periods (less than 3 months) Yes, once for a longer time (more than 3 months) Yes, for several longer periods (more than 3 months) missing data (SYSMIS) [Q18] Respondent s employment sector Respondent s employment sector Private sector Public sector missing data (SYSMIS) [Q19] How long have you been working with your present job contract (in years)? How long have you been working with your present job contract (in years)? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1469 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation

38 2. Variables [Q20] For how long will your present employment contract be valid? For how long will your present employment contract be valid? For less than a year For 1-3 years For longer than 3 years missing data (SYSMIS) [Q21] If you suddenly became unemployed, would you receive: If you suddenly became unemployed, would you receive: Basic unemployment benefit Earnings-related unemployment benefit Neither Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q22] Have you been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? Have you been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? No (continued on next page) 32

39 Q24 (cont. from previous page) Yes, once for a brief time (less than 3 months) Yes, for several short periods (less than 3 months) Yes, once for a longer time (more than 3 months) Yes, for several longer periods (more than 3 months) missing data (SYSMIS) [Q23] How long has your present unemployment/lay-off lasted? How long has your present unemployment/lay-off lasted? Less than six months More than six months, but less than a year Over a year, but less than two years Over two years missing data (SYSMIS) [Q24] Have you been unemployed or laid off before in the past two years? Have you been unemployed or laid off before in the past two years? No, this is the first time Yes, once for a brief time (less than 3 months) Yes, for several short periods (less than 3 months) Yes, once for a longer time (more than 3 months) Yes, for several longer periods (more than 3 months) missing data (SYSMIS)

40 2. Variables [Q25] Primary reason for present unemployment Primary reason for present unemployment Employer gave you notice Fixed-term employment ended Own business went bankrupt or was closed down Couldn t find a permanent job after studies Employment status worse due to an illness Own choice to opt out of working life Other, please specify missing data (SYSMIS) [Q26] How long do you think your present unemployment will last? How long do you think your present unemployment will last? Less than three months months Six months - one year years Don t think I will return to the labour market missing data (SYSMIS) [Q27] Respondent s present state of health Respondent s present state of health 34

41 Very good Good Fair Poor Very poor missing data (SYSMIS) Q29 [Q28] Do you have a chronic illness, injury or disability which limits your ability to work or function? Do you have a chronic illness, injury or disability which limits your ability to work or function? No Yes, what? missing data (SYSMIS) [Q29] Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? No Yes missing data (SYSMIS)

42 2. Variables [Q29_1] Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? (times) Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? (times) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1879 minimum 1.00 maximum mean 3.51 standard deviation 4.07 [Q30] Is there someone with whom you can discuss your difficulties and problems in confidence? Is there someone with whom you can discuss your difficulties and problems in confidence? No Yes missing data (SYSMIS) [Q31_1] Have you recently suffered from: Over-stress Have you recently suffered from: Over-stress 36

43 Almost continuously Sometimes Rarely Never missing data (SYSMIS) Q31_3 [Q31_2] Have you recently suffered from: Melancholy Have you recently suffered from: Melancholy Almost continuously Sometimes Rarely Never missing data (SYSMIS) [Q31_3] Have you recently suffered from: Nervousness Have you recently suffered from: Nervousness Almost continuously Sometimes Rarely Never missing data (SYSMIS)

44 2. Variables [Q31_4] Have you recently suffered from: Weakness or tiredness Have you recently suffered from: Weakness or tiredness Almost continuously Sometimes Rarely Never missing data (SYSMIS) [Q31_5] Have you recently suffered from: Insomnia Have you recently suffered from: Insomnia Almost continuously Sometimes Rarely Never missing data (SYSMIS) [Q31_6] Have you recently suffered from: Forgetfulness Have you recently suffered from: Forgetfulness Almost continuously (continued on next page) 38

45 Q33_1 (cont. from previous page) Sometimes Rarely Never missing data (SYSMIS) [Q32] How often does your life seem meaningful and worth living? How often does your life seem meaningful and worth living? Very often Fairly often Sometimes Almost never or never missing data (SYSMIS) [Q33_1] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: State of health Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: State of health Restircts a great deal Restricts somewhat Doesn t restrict at all Cant say missing data (SYSMIS)

46 2. Variables [Q33_2] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Financial circumstances Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Financial circumstances Restircts a great deal Restricts somewhat Doesn t restrict at all Cant say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q33_3] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Location of dwelling Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Location of dwelling Restircts a great deal Restricts somewhat Doesn t restrict at all Cant say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q33_4] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Dwelling amenities and equipment Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Dwelling amenities and equipment 40

47 Q33_6 Restircts a great deal Restricts somewhat Doesn t restrict at all Cant say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q33_5] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Size of dwellling Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Size of dwellling Restircts a great deal Restricts somewhat Doesn t restrict at all Cant say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q33_6] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Problems with other people Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Problems with other people Restircts a great deal Restricts somewhat Doesn t restrict at all (continued on next page) 41

48 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Cant say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q33_7] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Opportunities to leisure time activities Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Opportunities to leisure time activities Restircts a great deal Restricts somewhat Doesn t restrict at all Cant say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q33_8] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Workload Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Workload Restircts a great deal Restricts somewhat Doesn t restrict at all Cant say missing data (SYSMIS)

49 Q35 [Q33_9] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Radical change in life situation Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Radical change in life situation Restircts a great deal Restricts somewhat Doesn t restrict at all Cant say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q35] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? National Coalition Party (KOK) Progressive Finnish Party Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) Center Party of Finland (KESK) Christian League of Finland Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) Left Alliance (VAS) Green League (VIHR) Wouldn t vote at all Other, please specify missing data (SYSMIS)

50 2. Variables [Q36_1] Tax rates should be lowered in Finland, even if it led to cuts in social security Tax rates should be lowered in Finland, even if it led to cuts in social security Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_2] Income disparities between citizens are too large in Finland Income disparities between citizens are too large in Finland Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_3] In my opinion, moonlighting is acceptable In my opinion, moonlighting is acceptable 44

51 Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) Q36_5 [Q36_4] Cooperation between authorities should be increased to prevent the misuse of social security benefits Cooperation between authorities should be increased to prevent the misuse of social security benefits Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_5] I feel that in case of illness, I can have complete trust in public health care I feel that in case of illness, I can have complete trust in public health care Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree (continued on next page) 45

52 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_6] It is good that health care and educational services remain mainly in the domain of the public sector It is good that health care and educational services remain mainly in the domain of the public sector Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_7] Social security does not respond to people s needs nowadays Social security does not respond to people s needs nowadays Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS)

53 Q36_10 [Q36_8] In my opinion, cuts in social security during the recession were directed unjustly In my opinion, cuts in social security during the recession were directed unjustly Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_9] Finnish housing policy has failed to achieve its goals Finnish housing policy has failed to achieve its goals Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_10] Finnish society supports refugees and immigrants too much Finnish society supports refugees and immigrants too much 47

54 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_11] Public television licence fee should be abolished, and public broadcasting should be funded with tax revenues Public television licence fee should be abolished, and public broadcasting should be funded with tax revenues Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_12] Every citizen should have access to the same basic services regardless of municipality of residence, even if the funding had to be obtained by placing an additional tax on growth centres Every citizen should have access to the same basic services regardless of municipality of residence, even if the funding had to be obtained by placing an additional tax on growth centres Strongly agree Agree (continued on next page) 48

55 Q36_14 (cont. from previous page) Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_13] I am willing to pay 10% more for meat and dairy products, if they are produced taking the well-being of animals into consideration I am willing to pay 10% more for meat and dairy products, if they are produced taking the well-being of animals into consideration Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_14] Trade unions have forgotten the unemployed and concentrate on representing the employed members only Trade unions have forgotten the unemployed and concentrate on representing the employed members only Strongly agree Agree Can t say (continued on next page) 49

56 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_15] People receiving unemployment benefit should be willing to work for the public good in exchange People receiving unemployment benefit should be willing to work for the public good in exchange Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_16] Every family should be able to freely decide whether one parent stays at home on child home care allowance, or whether the child(ren) are placed in day care Every family should be able to freely decide whether one parent stays at home on child home care allowance, or whether the child(ren) are placed in day care Strongly agree Agree Can t say (continued on next page) 50

57 Q36_18 (cont. from previous page) Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_17] Since jobs are scarce, everyone willing to opt out of working life should be guaranteed a minimum income funded by the society Since jobs are scarce, everyone willing to opt out of working life should be guaranteed a minimum income funded by the society Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q36_18] I would like to influence social issues more I would like to influence social issues more Strongly agree Agree Can t say Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) (continued on next page) 51

58 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q37_1] Importance of different employment policy measures: Maintaining old vocational/professional skills Importance of different employment policy measures: Maintaining old vocational/professional skills Very important Fairly important Can t say Not very important Not important at all missing data (SYSMIS) [Q37_2] Importance of different employment policy measures: Acquiring new skills Importance of different employment policy measures: Acquiring new skills Very important Fairly important Can t say Not very important Not important at all missing data (SYSMIS)

59 Q37_5 [Q37_3] Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of exclusion from labour markets Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of exclusion from labour markets Very important Fairly important Can t say Not very important Not important at all missing data (SYSMIS) [Q37_4] Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of social exclusion Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of social exclusion Very important Fairly important Can t say Not very important Not important at all missing data (SYSMIS) [Q37_5] Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for short-term unemployment Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for short-term unemployment 53

60 2. Variables Very important Fairly important Can t say Not very important Not important at all missing data (SYSMIS) [Q37_6] Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for long-term or permanent unemployment Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for long-term or permanent unemployment Very important Fairly important Can t say Not very important Not important at all missing data (SYSMIS) [Q38] Income support for one-adult household is 1,900 Marks after rent. In your opinion, is this... Income support for one-adult household is 1,900 Marks after rent. In your opinion, is this... Too high (continued on next page) 54

61 Q40 (cont. from previous page) Enough Too low missing data (SYSMIS) [Q39] How much money does one-adult household need monthly, after taxes and rent have been payed? How much money does one-adult household need monthly, after taxes and rent have been payed? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2426 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q40] How much would reasonable net income support be (after housing costs), in case your household became dependent on social security? How much would reasonable net income support be (after housing costs), in case your household became dependent on social security? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2377 minimum maximum mean standard deviation

62 2. Variables [Q41_1] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net wages (including spouse s/partner s wages) Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net wages (including spouse s/partner s wages) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1795 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_2] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net entrepreneurial income Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net entrepreneurial income Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 253 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_3] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic state pension Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic state pension Descriptive statistics 56

63 Q41_6 statistic value number of valid cases 438 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_4] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related pension Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related pension Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 536 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_5] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Private pensions Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Private pensions Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 44 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_6] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Some other pension Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Some other pension 57

64 2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 149 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_7] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic unemployment benefit Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic unemployment benefit Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 110 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_8] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Labour market benefit Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Labour market benefit Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 74 minimum maximum mean standard deviation

65 Q41_11 [Q41_9] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related unemployment benefit Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related unemployment benefit Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 213 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_10] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Sick pay Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Sick pay Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 10 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_11] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Income support Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Income support Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 49 (continued on next page) 59

66 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) statistic value minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_12] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Student grant Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Student grant Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 237 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_13] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Housing benefit or student housing allowance Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Housing benefit or student housing allowance Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 248 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_14] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child benefits Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child benefits 60

67 Q41_16 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 754 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_15] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child home care allowance Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child home care allowance Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 124 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_16] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Maintenance allowance Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Maintenance allowance Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 94 minimum maximum mean standard deviation

68 2. Variables [Q41_17] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Parental pay (maternity/paternity pay) Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Parental pay (maternity/paternity pay) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 59 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_18] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Interest and rental income Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Interest and rental income Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 167 minimum 5.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_19] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Assistance from parent or relative Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Assistance from parent or relative Descriptive statistics 62

69 Q41_20_2 statistic value number of valid cases 66 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_20_1] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 100 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q41_20_2] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 19 minimum maximum mean standard deviation

70 2. Variables [Q42_1] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Loan payments (interests + payments) Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Loan payments (interests + payments) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1388 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q42_2] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Housing costs excluding loan payments (e.g. rent, service charges, water) Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Housing costs excluding loan payments (e.g. rent, service charges, water) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2501 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q42_3] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Children s day care costs Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Children s day care costs Descriptive statistics 64

71 Q42_5 statistic value number of valid cases 299 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q42_4] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Medicine expenses Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Medicine expenses Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1640 minimum 3.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q42_5] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Commuting expenses Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Commuting expenses Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1351 minimum maximum mean standard deviation

72 2. Variables [Q43] Household s disposable income after above-mentioned expenses (question 42) Household s disposable income after above-mentioned expenses (question 42) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2145 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q44] How satisfied are you with your household s present standard of living and opportunities to consume? How satisfied are you with your household s present standard of living and opportunities to consume? Very satisfied Quite satisfied Both satisfied and dissatisfied Quite dissatisfied Very dissatisfied missing data (SYSMIS) [Q45] How easy/difficult is it for your household to manage on its current income? How easy/difficult is it for your household to manage on its current income? 66

73 Very easy Easy A little difficult Somewhat difficult Very difficult missing data (SYSMIS) Q46_2 [Q46_1] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Income level Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Income level Never Yes, sometimes Yes, often Yes, always missing data (SYSMIS) [Q46_2] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Irregularity of income Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Irregularity of income Never Yes, sometimes Yes, often Yes, always missing data (SYSMIS) (continued on next page) 67

74 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q46_3] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Payments of Social Insurance Institution s benefits have been delayed Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Payments of Social Insurance Institution s benefits have been delayed Never Yes, sometimes Yes, often Yes, always missing data (SYSMIS) [Q46_4] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Other, please specify Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Other, please specify Never Yes, sometimes Yes, often Yes, always missing data (SYSMIS)

75 Q48_1 [Q47] Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Yes, how much? Yes, but irregularly (not monthly) No, but it would be possible It is not possible missing data (SYSMIS) [Q47_1] Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Yes, how much (Finnish Marks/month) Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Yes, how much (Finnish Marks/month) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 430 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [Q48_1] What does your household save for: We do not save money What does your household save for: We do not save money 69

76 2. Variables Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q48_2] What does your household save for: Holiday trip What does your household save for: Holiday trip Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q48_3] What does your household save for: Owner-occupied or right-ofresidency housing What does your household save for: Owner-occupied or right-of-residency housing Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q48_4] What does your household save for: Summer cottage or timeshare What does your household save for: Summer cottage or timeshare 70

77 Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) Q48_7 [Q48_5] What does your household save for: Private pension What does your household save for: Private pension Not mentioned Mentioned [Q48_6] What does your household save for: Car, motorbike or other vehicle What does your household save for: Car, motorbike or other vehicle Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q48_7] What does your household save for: Hobby-related expenses What does your household save for: Hobby-related expenses 71

78 2. Variables Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q48_8] What does your household save for: Investments (shares, stocks, etc.) What does your household save for: Investments (shares, stocks, etc.) Not mentioned Mentioned [Q48_9] What does your household save for: Unexpected expenses ( a rainy day ) What does your household save for: Unexpected expenses ( a rainy day ) Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) [Q48_10] What does your household save for: Other, please specify What does your household save for: Other, please specify 72

79 Not mentioned Mentioned missing data (SYSMIS) Q50 [Q49] Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan now and manage it? Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan now and manage it? Yes No missing data (SYSMIS) [Q50] Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan in the near future and manage it? Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan in the near future and manage it? Yes, it would be possible Yes, it would probably be possible No, it would not be likely It would not be possible Can t say missing data (SYSMIS)

80 2. Variables [Q51] What do you estimate your household s income level will be a year from now, compared to present situation? What do you estimate your household s income level will be a year from now, compared to present situation? Significantly higher Slightly higher The same Slightly lower Significantly lower Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q53_1] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Irregular monthly income Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Irregular monthly income Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS)

81 Q53_3 [Q53_2] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of benefits funded by the Social Insurance Institution were delayed Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of benefits funded by the Social Insurance Institution were delayed Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q53_3] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to cut leisure expenses Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to cut leisure expenses Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS)

82 2. Variables [Q53_4] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of rent or housing costs were delayed due to financial difficulties Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of rent or housing costs were delayed due to financial difficulties Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q53_5] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of other bills were delayed or skipped due to financial difficulties Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of other bills were delayed or skipped due to financial difficulties Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS)

83 Q53_7 [Q53_6] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Could not make bank loan or interest payments Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Could not make bank loan or interest payments Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q53_7] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Property or income were foreclosed Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Property or income were foreclosed Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS)

84 2. Variables [Q53_8] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Prescribed medication was not purchased because of high price Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Prescribed medication was not purchased because of high price Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q53_9] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go without some other medical care due to lack of money Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go without some other medical care due to lack of money Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS)

85 Q53_11 [Q53_10] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go hungry due to lack of money Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go hungry due to lack of money Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q53_11] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Worn clothing could not be replaced by new clothes purchases Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Worn clothing could not be replaced by new clothes purchases Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS)

86 2. Variables [Q53_12] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Your family had to put off having children due to financial difficulties Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Your family had to put off having children due to financial difficulties Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q53_13_1] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS)

87 Q54_2 [Q53_13_2] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify Never Once A few times Often Constantly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q54_1] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Rescheduling of debts How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Rescheduling of debts Never Once A few times Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q54_2] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Borrowing money from friends or relatives How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Borrowing money from friends or relatives 81

88 2. Variables Never Once A few times Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q54_3] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Taking a bank loan to cope with daily expenses How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Taking a bank loan to cope with daily expenses Never Once A few times Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q54_4] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Buying food on credit How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Buying food on credit Never Once A few times (continued on next page) 82

89 Q54_6 (cont. from previous page) Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q54_5] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Spending own savings How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Spending own savings Never Once A few times Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q54_6] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Selling property How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Selling property Never Once A few times Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS)

90 2. Variables [Q54_7] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Applying for income support How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Applying for income support Never Once A few times Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q54_8] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Getting free food (e.g. from Salvation Army) How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Getting free food (e.g. from Salvation Army) Never Once A few times Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q54_9] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Changing location of residence How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Changing location of residence 84

91 Q54_11 Never Once A few times Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q54_10] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Acquiring extra income (working overtime, taking a second job, etc.) How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Acquiring extra income (working overtime, taking a second job, etc.) Never Once A few times Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q54_11] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Other solution, please specify How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Other solution, please specify Never Once (continued on next page) 85

92 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) A few times Repeatedly missing data (SYSMIS) [Q55_1] Considering your present situation, do you feel you live in poverty? Considering your present situation, do you feel you live in poverty? Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS) [Q55_2] Considering your income and loan payments, do you feel you are over-indebted? Considering your income and loan payments, do you feel you are over-indebted? Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree missing data (SYSMIS)

93 Q58 [Q56] How interesting did you find the questionnaire? How interesting did you find the questionnaire? Interesting Not very interesting Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q57] What did you thin k about the length of the questionnaire? What did you thin k about the length of the questionnaire? Too short Long enough Too long missing data (SYSMIS) [Q58] The topics covered by the questionnaire are important The topics covered by the questionnaire are important Agree Disagree (continued on next page) 87

94 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Can t say missing data (SYSMIS) [Q59_1] Which questions were very important in your opinion? Which questions were very important in your opinion? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1232 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation 9.22 [Q59_2] Which questions were very important in your opinion? Which questions were very important in your opinion? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 824 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q59_3] Which questions were very important in your opinion? Which questions were very important in your opinion? 88

95 Q61_2 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 480 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q60] Was it too difficult to answer? Was it too difficult to answer? Yes No missing data (SYSMIS) [Q61_1] Which questions were very difficult to answer? Which questions were very difficult to answer? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 883 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation 7.90 [Q61_2] Which questions were very difficult to answer? Which questions were very difficult to answer? 89

96 2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 477 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation 7.24 [Q61_3] Which questions were very difficult to answer? Which questions were very difficult to answer? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 238 minimum 3.00 maximum mean standard deviation 6.07 [FSD_ID] FSD case ID FSD case ID Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2821 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation

97 Chapter 3 Indexes 3.1 Variables in the order of occurance Case ID [ID] naire type [LOMAKE] Respondent s year of birth [Q1] Respondent s gender [Q2] Respondent s marital status [Q3] Respondent s household composition [Q4] Number of household members [Q5_1] Number of children aged 0-6 living in the household [Q5_2] Number of children aged 7-17 living in the household [Q5_3] Number of children aged over 17 living in the household [Q5_4] Number of years respondent has lived in the present municipality of residence [Q7] Respondent s highest level of education [Q8] Respondent s present economic activity [Q9] In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time [Q10_1] In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: years [Q10_1_1] In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: months [Q10_1_2] In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time [Q10_2] In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: years [Q10_2_1] In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: months [Q10_2_2] In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract [Q10_3] In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: years [Q10_3_1] 12 In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: months [Q10_3_2] 91

98 3. Indexes 13 In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed [Q10_4] In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: years [Q10_4_1] In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: months [Q10_4_2] In the past two years, have you been: Laid off [Q10_5] In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: years [Q10_5_1] In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: months [Q10_5_2] In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course) [Q10_6] In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): years [Q10_6_1] In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): months [Q10_6_2] In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil [Q10_7] In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: years [Q10_7_1] In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: months [Q10_7_2] In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband [Q10_8] In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: years [Q10_8_1] In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: months [Q10_8_2] In the past two years, have you been: Retired [Q10_9] In the past two years, have you been: Retired: years [Q10_9_1] In the past two years, have you been: Retired: months [Q10_9_2] In the past two years, have you been: Something else [Q10_10] In the past two years, have you been:something else: years [Q10_10_1] In the past two years, have you been: Something else: months [Q10_10_2] Respondent s present occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) [Q11] Respondent s employment status (now/previously) [Q12] Spouse s/partner s present economic activity [Q13] Spouse s/partner s employment status (now/previously) [Q14] Spouse s/partner s occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) [Q15] For how long is your spouse s/partner s employment contract valid? [Q16] Has your spouse/partner been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? [Q17] Respondent s employment sector [Q18] How long have you been working with your present job contract (in years)? [Q19] For how long will your present employment contract be valid? [Q20] If you suddenly became unemployed, would you receive: [Q21] Have you been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? [Q22]

99 3.1. Variables in the order of occurance How long has your present unemployment/lay-off lasted? [Q23] Have you been unemployed or laid off before in the past two years? [Q24] Primary reason for present unemployment [Q25] How long do you think your present unemployment will last? [Q26] Respondent s present state of health [Q27] Do you have a chronic illness, injury or disability which limits your ability to work or function? [Q28] Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? [Q29] 35 Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? (times) [Q29_1] Is there someone with whom you can discuss your difficulties and problems in confidence? [Q30] Have you recently suffered from: Over-stress [Q31_1] Have you recently suffered from: Melancholy [Q31_2] Have you recently suffered from: Nervousness [Q31_3] Have you recently suffered from: Weakness or tiredness [Q31_4] Have you recently suffered from: Insomnia [Q31_5] Have you recently suffered from: Forgetfulness [Q31_6] How often does your life seem meaningful and worth living? [Q32] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: State of health [Q33_1] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Financial circumstances [Q33_2] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Location of dwelling [Q33_3] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Dwelling amenities and equipment [Q33_4] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Size of dwellling [Q33_5] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Problems with other people [Q33_6] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Opportunities to leisure time activities [Q33_7] Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Workload [Q33_8] 42 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Radical change in life situation [Q33_9]

100 3. Indexes If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? [Q35] 43 Tax rates should be lowered in Finland, even if it led to cuts in social security [Q36_1] Income disparities between citizens are too large in Finland [Q36_2] In my opinion, moonlighting is acceptable [Q36_3] Cooperation between authorities should be increased to prevent the misuse of social security benefits [Q36_4] I feel that in case of illness, I can have complete trust in public health care [Q36_5] It is good that health care and educational services remain mainly in the domain of the public sector [Q36_6] Social security does not respond to people s needs nowadays [Q36_7] In my opinion, cuts in social security during the recession were directed unjustly [Q36_8]. 47 Finnish housing policy has failed to achieve its goals [Q36_9] Finnish society supports refugees and immigrants too much [Q36_10] Public television licence fee should be abolished, and public broadcasting should be funded with tax revenues [Q36_11] Every citizen should have access to the same basic services regardless of municipality of residence, even if the funding had to be obtained by placing an additional tax on growth centres [Q36_12] I am willing to pay 10% more for meat and dairy products, if they are produced taking the well-being of animals into consideration [Q36_13] Trade unions have forgotten the unemployed and concentrate on representing the employed members only [Q36_14] People receiving unemployment benefit should be willing to work for the public good in exchange [Q36_15] Every family should be able to freely decide whether one parent stays at home on child home care allowance, or whether the child(ren) are placed in day care [Q36_16] Since jobs are scarce, everyone willing to opt out of working life should be guaranteed a minimum income funded by the society [Q36_17] I would like to influence social issues more [Q36_18] Importance of different employment policy measures: Maintaining old vocational/professional skills [Q37_1] Importance of different employment policy measures: Acquiring new skills [Q37_2] Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of exclusion from labour markets [Q37_3] Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of social exclusion [Q37_4] 53 Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for short-term unemployment [Q37_5]

101 3.1. Variables in the order of occurance Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for long-term or permanent unemployment [Q37_6] Income support for one-adult household is 1,900 Marks after rent. In your opinion, is this... [Q38] How much money does one-adult household need monthly, after taxes and rent have been payed? [Q39] How much would reasonable net income support be (after housing costs), in case your household became dependent on social security? [Q40] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net wages (including spouse s/partner s wages) [Q41_1] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net entrepreneurial income [Q41_2] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic state pension [Q41_3] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related pension [Q41_4] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Private pensions [Q41_5] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Some other pension [Q41_6] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic unemployment benefit [Q41_7] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Labour market benefit [Q41_8] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related unemployment benefit [Q41_9] 59 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Sick pay [Q41_10] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Income support [Q41_11] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Student grant [Q41_12] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Housing benefit or student housing allowance [Q41_13] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child benefits [Q41_14] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child home care allowance [Q41_15] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Maintenance allowance [Q41_16] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Parental pay (maternity/paternity pay) [Q41_17] 62 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Interest and rental income [Q41_18] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Assistance from parent or relative [Q41_19] 62 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) [Q41_20_1] Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) [Q41_20_2] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Loan payments (interests + payments) [Q42_1]

102 3. Indexes Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Housing costs excluding loan payments (e.g. rent, service charges, water) [Q42_2] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Children s day care costs [Q42_3] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Medicine expenses [Q42_4] Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Commuting expenses [Q42_5] Household s disposable income after above-mentioned expenses (question 42) [Q43] How satisfied are you with your household s present standard of living and opportunities to consume? [Q44] How easy/difficult is it for your household to manage on its current income? [Q45] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Income level [Q46_1] 67 Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Irregularity of income [Q46_2] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Payments of Social Insurance Institution s benefits have been delayed [Q46_3] Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Other, please specify [Q46_4] Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? [Q47] Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Yes, how much (Finnish Marks/month) [Q47_1] What does your household save for: We do not save money [Q48_1] What does your household save for: Holiday trip [Q48_2] What does your household save for: Owner-occupied or right-of-residency housing [Q48_3] 70 What does your household save for: Summer cottage or timeshare [Q48_4] What does your household save for: Private pension [Q48_5] What does your household save for: Car, motorbike or other vehicle [Q48_6] What does your household save for: Hobby-related expenses [Q48_7] What does your household save for: Investments (shares, stocks, etc.) [Q48_8] What does your household save for: Unexpected expenses ( a rainy day ) [Q48_9] What does your household save for: Other, please specify [Q48_10] Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan now and manage it? [Q49] Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan in the near future and manage it? [Q50] What do you estimate your household s income level will be a year from now, compared to present situation? [Q51] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Irregular monthly 96

103 3.1. Variables in the order of occurance income [Q53_1] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of benefits funded by the Social Insurance Institution were delayed [Q53_2] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to cut leisure expenses [Q53_3] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of rent or housing costs were delayed due to financial difficulties [Q53_4] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of other bills were delayed or skipped due to financial difficulties [Q53_5] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Could not make bank loan or interest payments [Q53_6] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Property or income were foreclosed [Q53_7] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Prescribed medication was not purchased because of high price [Q53_8] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go without some other medical care due to lack of money [Q53_9] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go hungry due to lack of money [Q53_10] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Worn clothing could not be replaced by new clothes purchases [Q53_11] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Your family had to put off having children due to financial difficulties [Q53_12] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify [Q53_13_1] Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify [Q53_13_2] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Rescheduling of debts [Q54_1] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Borrowing money from friends or relatives [Q54_2] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Taking a bank loan to cope with daily expenses [Q54_3] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Buying food on credit [Q54_4] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Spending own savings [Q54_5] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Selling property [Q54_6] 83 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Applying for income sup- 97

104 3. Indexes port [Q54_7] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Getting free food (e.g. from Salvation Army) [Q54_8] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Changing location of residence [Q54_9] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Acquiring extra income (working overtime, taking a second job, etc.) [Q54_10] How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Other solution, please specify [Q54_11] Considering your present situation, do you feel you live in poverty? [Q55_1] Considering your income and loan payments, do you feel you are over-indebted? [Q55_2]. 86 How interesting did you find the questionnaire? [Q56] What did you thin k about the length of the questionnaire? [Q57] The topics covered by the questionnaire are important [Q58] Which questions were very important in your opinion? [Q59_1] Which questions were very important in your opinion? [Q59_2] Which questions were very important in your opinion? [Q59_3] Was it too difficult to answer? [Q60] Which questions were very difficult to answer? [Q61_1] Which questions were very difficult to answer? [Q61_2] Which questions were very difficult to answer? [Q61_3] FSD case ID [FSD_ID]

105 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order Case ID Considering your income and loan payments, do you feel you are over-indebted? Considering your present situation, do you feel you live in poverty? Cooperation between authorities should be increased to prevent the misuse of social security benefits Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Dwelling amenities and equipment Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Financial circumstances Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Location of dwelling Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Opportunities to leisure time activities Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Problems with other people Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Radical change in life situation Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Size of dwellling 41 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: State of health 39 Do the following factors restrict your possibilities of having a meaningful life: Workload.. 42 Do you have a chronic illness, injury or disability which limits your ability to work or function? 35 Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Does your household put aside some money for a particular goal each month? Yes, how much (Finnish Marks/month) Every citizen should have access to the same basic services regardless of municipality of residence, even if the funding had to be obtained by placing an additional tax on growth centres 48 Every family should be able to freely decide whether one parent stays at home on child home care allowance, or whether the child(ren) are placed in day care Finnish housing policy has failed to achieve its goals Finnish society supports refugees and immigrants too much For how long is your spouse s/partner s employment contract valid? For how long will your present employment contract be valid? FSD case ID

106 3. Indexes Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Could not make bank loan or interest payments Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to cut leisure expenses Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go hungry due to lack of money Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Had to go without some other medical care due to lack of money Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Irregular monthly income Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Other financial difficulties, please specify , 81 Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of benefits funded by the Social Insurance Institution were delayed Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of other bills were delayed or skipped due to financial difficulties Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Payments of rent or housing costs were delayed due to financial difficulties Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Prescribed medication was not purchased because of high price Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Property or income were foreclosed Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Worn clothing could not be replaced by new clothes purchases Has your household faced any of the following situations in the past year: Your family had to put off having children due to financial difficulties Has your spouse/partner been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Income level Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Irregularity of income Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Other, please specify 68 Have the following factors caused financial insecurity for your household: Payments of Social Insurance Institution s benefits have been delayed Have you been unemployed or laid off before in the past two years? Have you been unemployed or laid off in the past two years? Have you recently suffered from: Forgetfulness Have you recently suffered from: Insomnia

107 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order Have you recently suffered from: Melancholy Have you recently suffered from: Nervousness Have you recently suffered from: Over-stress Have you recently suffered from: Weakness or tiredness Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom?. 35 Have you visited a doctor in the past year because of some illness, disability or symptom? (times) Household s disposable income after above-mentioned expenses (question 42) Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Assistance from parent or relative Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic state pension Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Basic unemployment benefit Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child benefits Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Child home care allowance Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related pension Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Earnings-related unemployment benefit.. 59 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Housing benefit or student housing allowance 60 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Income support Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Interest and rental income Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Labour market benefit Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Maintenance allowance Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net entrepreneurial income Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Net wages (including spouse s/partner s wages) 56 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Other income, please specify (e.g. scholarship, informal care allowance, conscript s allowance) , 63 Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Parental pay (maternity/paternity pay) Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Private pensions Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Sick pay Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Some other pension Household s net income (Finnish Marks/month): Student grant Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Children s day care costs Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Commuting expenses Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Housing costs excluding loan payments (e.g. rent, service charges, water) Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Loan payments (interests + payments)

108 3. Indexes Household s total expenses (Finnish Marks/month): Medicine expenses How easy/difficult is it for your household to manage on its current income? How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Acquiring extra income (working overtime, taking a second job, etc.) How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Applying for income support How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Borrowing money from friends or relatives How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Buying food on credit. 82 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Changing location of residence How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Getting free food (e.g. from Salvation Army) How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Other solution, please specify How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Rescheduling of debts. 81 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Selling property How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Spending own savings. 83 How have you tried to solve above-mentioned financial difficulties: Taking a bank loan to cope with daily expenses How interesting did you find the questionnaire? How long do you think your present unemployment will last? How long has your present unemployment/lay-off lasted? How long have you been working with your present job contract (in years)? How much money does one-adult household need monthly, after taxes and rent have been payed? How much would reasonable net income support be (after housing costs), in case your household became dependent on social security? How often does your life seem meaningful and worth living? How satisfied are you with your household s present standard of living and opportunities to consume? I am willing to pay 10% more for meat and dairy products, if they are produced taking the well-being of animals into consideration I feel that in case of illness, I can have complete trust in public health care I would like to influence social issues more If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? If you suddenly became unemployed, would you receive:

109 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order Importance of different employment policy measures: Acquiring new skills Importance of different employment policy measures: Maintaining old vocational/professional skills Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for long-term or permanent unemployment Importance of different employment policy measures: Preparing for short-term unemployment 53 Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of exclusion from labour markets Importance of different employment policy measures: Prevention of social exclusion In my opinion, cuts in social security during the recession were directed unjustly In my opinion, moonlighting is acceptable In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: months In the past two years, have you been: Employed full-time: years In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: months In the past two years, have you been: Employed part-time: years In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: months In the past two years, have you been: Homemaker/househusband: years In the past two years, have you been: Laid off In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: months In the past two years, have you been: Laid off: years In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: months In the past two years, have you been: On a government subsidized contract: years In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course) In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): months In the past two years, have you been: On job training (course): years In the past two years, have you been: Retired In the past two years, have you been: Retired: months In the past two years, have you been: Retired: years In the past two years, have you been: Something else In the past two years, have you been: Something else: months

110 3. Indexes In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: months In the past two years, have you been: Student or pupil: years In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: months In the past two years, have you been: Unemployed: years In the past two years, have you been:something else: years Income disparities between citizens are too large in Finland Income support for one-adult household is 1,900 Marks after rent. In your opinion, is this Is there someone with whom you can discuss your difficulties and problems in confidence? 36 It is good that health care and educational services remain mainly in the domain of the public sector Number of children aged 0-6 living in the household Number of children aged 7-17 living in the household Number of children aged over 17 living in the household Number of household members Number of years respondent has lived in the present municipality of residence People receiving unemployment benefit should be willing to work for the public good in exchange Primary reason for present unemployment Public television licence fee should be abolished, and public broadcasting should be funded with tax revenues naire type Respondent s employment sector Respondent s employment status (now/previously) Respondent s gender Respondent s highest level of education Respondent s household composition Respondent s marital status Respondent s present economic activity Respondent s present occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) Respondent s present state of health Respondent s year of birth Since jobs are scarce, everyone willing to opt out of working life should be guaranteed a minimum income funded by the society

111 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order Social security does not respond to people s needs nowadays Spouse s/partner s employment status (now/previously) Spouse s/partner s occupation (If retired, last occupation before retirement) Spouse s/partner s present economic activity Tax rates should be lowered in Finland, even if it led to cuts in social security The topics covered by the questionnaire are important Trade unions have forgotten the unemployed and concentrate on representing the employed members only Was it too difficult to answer? What did you thin k about the length of the questionnaire? What do you estimate your household s income level will be a year from now, compared to present situation? What does your household save for: Car, motorbike or other vehicle What does your household save for: Hobby-related expenses What does your household save for: Holiday trip What does your household save for: Investments (shares, stocks, etc.) What does your household save for: Other, please specify What does your household save for: Owner-occupied or right-of-residency housing What does your household save for: Private pension What does your household save for: Summer cottage or timeshare What does your household save for: Unexpected expenses ( a rainy day ) What does your household save for: We do not save money Which questions were very difficult to answer? , 89, 90 Which questions were very important in your opinion? , 88, 88 Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan in the near future and manage it? Would it be possible for your household to take a 50,000-Mark bank loan now and manage it?

112

113 Appendix A naires in Finnish 107

114 KYSELYLOMAKE Tämä kyselylomake on osa Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa FSD1322 Hyvinvointi 1998 Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä. Lisätiedot: QUESTIONNAIRE This questionnaire is part of the following dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive: FSD1322 Welfare Survey 1998 If this questionnaire is used or referred to in any publication, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation. More information:

115 SOSIAALITURVA BAROMETRI 1998 TURUN YLIOPISTON SOSIAALIPOLITIIKAN LAITOS KANSANELÄKELAITOS