Luther s Theology. Pekka Kärkkäinen

Transkriptio

1 Luther s Theology Pekka Kärkkäinen

2 Lectures on Luthers Theology Tuesdays from at Aleksanterinkatu 7, 3rd floor, seminaarihuone 3 (sh 3) 8th February no lecture Themes: 1. Introduction 2. The Human Being 3. Christ 4. Trinity

3 5. Baptism 6. Eucharist 7. Faith 8. Theology of the Cross

4 9. The Virgin Mary 10. Music 11. Finnish Luther Studies 12. Exam - 3 questions on the lectures, choose 2 to answer

5 Luther s Life and Theology Biographies Roland Bainton, Here I Stand Martin E. Marty, Martin Luther (Penguin Lives Series) James M. Kittelson, Luther the Reformer Internet resources Bernhard Lohse, Martin Luther s Theology. Engaging Luther, ed. Olli-Pekka Vainio (Cascade 2010)

6 Young Luther: Humanist and Scholastic Humanism in Erfurt ancient poets, elegant Latin ad fontes, back to the sources Luther as humanist quotations of classical authors purity of theology: Bible, church fathers (Augustine) Collegium Maius, Erfurt

7 Young Luther and Medieval Theology Peter Lombard ( ) and Sentences Luther s marginal notes on Lombard ( ) P. Kärkkäinen, Martin Luther in Medieval Commentaries on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, vol. 2, ed. Philipp W. Rosemann. Brill Bernard of Clairvaux ( ) First Psalm lectures (Dictata in psalterium, ) Theo Bell: Divus Bernardus John Tauler (c ), Theologia Germanica Lectures on Tauler Editions of Theologia Germanica via moderna, Augustinianism (Frömmigkeitstheologie)

8 Criticism of Scholasticism theses against indulgences 1518 True repentance Against scholastic theology Heidelberg disputation Theology of cross Criticism of Aristotelianism

9 Starting Points Problem: impossibility of perfect love towards God Corruption of natural abilities through original sin Human love is seeking its own good Corruption of scholastic theology Reason: Aristotle, especially ethics and natural philosophy

10 Attack on Scholastics Criticism in the lectures on Romans and Galatians Questio de viribus et voluntate hominis sine gratia disputata (25th Sept 1516) 95 Theses against Indulgences, (end of October 1517) Disputation Against Scholastic Theology (5th September 1517) Target: via moderna (Gabriel Biel) Aristotle s philosophy behind the scholastic theology

11 Contents of Criticism Human being (without the grace) does not know true goodness. It is not possible to fulfil the divine law in any manner (without the grace) Human will is not free by nature (without the grace), but captive to do evil

12 Luther s View Man is by nature unable to want God to be God. Indeed, he himself wants to be God. Divine grace is basis of human love to God Not human self-love No preparation for grace Grace is the basis of good deeds Spiritual fulfillment of the law Love of God contradicts human self-love Love of God = self-giving love Human love = seeking its own Conformation to divine will (divine law)

13 1520 Papal bull Exsurge Domini: break with Rome 1521 Luther s excommunication; Diet of Worms: Luther hides in Wartburg Castle 1522 The German New Testament

14 Peasants revolt 1525 Marriage with Katharina von Bora 1529 Colloqui of Marburg: break with Zwingli Small and Large Catechisms 1534 First edition of the German Bible 1546 Luther dies in Eisleben

15 Luther Research Neo-Kantian school Albrecht Ritschl etc.: nature and person The Weimar Edition (Weimarer Ausgabe, WA) National library, Faculty library After the 1st World War: Luther Renaissance Karl Holl etc.: conscience After the 2nd World War: personalist Luther-interpretation Gerhard Ebeling etc.: being in relation Recent Finnish Luther research Tuomo Mannermaa etc.: Christ present in faith