Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in spring wheat

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1 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in spring wheat SUMMARY conducted the fungicide trial together with Västankvarn experimental farm in Inkoo. The fungicide treatments were planned in cooperation with sponsors and the trial was carried out according to GEP standards and relevant EPPO guidelines. The trial was established in the crop of spring wheat Amaretto, which was sown on the 4 th of May. The crop stand was even. Fungicides were applied at flowering stage (BBCH 63) on the 6 th of July. The tested treatments were Delaro+Folicur Xpert l/ha, Acanto+Proline Xpert l/ha, Basso+Mirador l/ha, Tilt 250 EC+Mirador l/ha Amistar+Armure l/ha Elatus Era 1.0 l/ha, Elatus Plus + Zenit 575 EC l/ha, Amistar Xtra+Folicur Xpert l/ha and Comet Pro+Prosaro l/ha. Standard treatments, used for comparison, were Proline 0.6 l/ha and Comet Pro+Juventus l/ha. An untreated check was included in the trial. Temperature and precipitation in June August were close to long term average May in Inkoo was warm with fewer rainy days than normally. Weather turned cool in early June and the latter half of June was rather rainy. A heavy rain of 55 mm occurred on July 15 th and the trial field was flooded for 5 7 days after that. The crop survived the flood. Rains were distributed during summer so that wheat did not suffer from draught in the course of the season. September was sunny, dry and rather warm which enabled combining the yield in good conditions on September 15 th. A severe infection of tan spot appeared on wheat during summer but no other diseases occurred at assessable levels. The trial was established in spring wheat variety Amaretto that was sown on May 4 th. Fungicides were applied at wheat flowering stage (BBCH 63) on July 6 th. At that time tan spot had appeared on the lowest leaves while the middle and the upper leaves were still free from symptoms. Disease severity was assessed twice, 14 and 30 days after application. Control efficacy was clearly visible already 14 days after the application. Tan spot severity in the untreated control was 12 % whereas tan spot severity in the fungicide treated plots was 1 4 % (Comet Pro & Prosaro Elatus Plus & Zenit 575 EC, respectively). The second disease assessment was conducted at milk ripening stage (BBCH 77) on the two uppermost leaf layers that were still green. Tan spot severity was 48 % in the untreated plots. Moderate control was reached with the tank mixtures of Elatus Plus & Zenit 575 EC (eff. 71 %) ja Tilt 250 EC & Mirador (eff. 73 %). Good control efficacy was achieved with Basso & Mirador (eff. 81 %) and Acanto & Proline Xpert (eff.ho 88 %). All other fungicide treatments (Amistar Xtra & Folicur Xpert, Delaro & Folicur Xpert, Elatus Era, Proline, Comet Pro & Juventus, Comet Pro & Prosaro, and Amistar & Armure) had excellent control efficacy of %. None of the fungicides caused phytotoxicity symptoms. Green leaf area was assessed on the two uppermost leaves at milk ripening stage of wheat. All fungicide treatments prolonged the persistence of the green leaf area. Green leaf area correlated positively with the control efficacy of the treatments. Excellent control efficacies resulted in significant yield increases. The yield level in the trial was rather high, 4614 kg/ha, in the untreated plots. Fungicide treatments with moderate control increased grain yield by % and fungicide treatments with good or excellent control efficacy increased grain yield by %. The yield increases were mainly due to the increased thousand kernel weight. Fungicide sprayings increased thousand kernel weights by 8 17 % and the hectolitre weight by 2 4 % compared to the untreated check. TIIVISTELMÄ Luke toteutti kasvitautien torjuntakokeen yhdessä Nylands Svenska Lantbrukssällkapenin kanssa Västankvarnin koetilalla Inkoossa. Koejäsenet suunniteltiin yhteistyössä kasvinsuojelualan yritysten kanssa, ja koe toteutettiin noudattaen GEP-laatujärjestelmää. Testattavia valmisteita olivat Delaro + Folicur Xpert l/ha, Acanto+Proline Xpert l/ha, Basso+Mirador l/ha, Tilt 250 EC+Mirador l/ha Amistar+Armure l/ha Elatus Era 1.0 l/ha, Elatus Plus + Zenit 575 EC l/ha, Amistar Xtra+Folicur Xpert l/ha and Comet Pro+Prosaro l/ha. Verranteina oli Proline 0,6 l/ha ja tankkiseos Comet Pro+Juventus 0,5+0,5 l/ha sekä käsittelemätön koejäsen.

2 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in spring wheat Kesäkuukausien lämpötilat ja sademäärät Inkoossa olivat lähellä pitkäaikaisia keskiarvoja. Kasvusto ei kärsinyt missään vaiheessa kuivuudesta, mutta kokeella tulvi lähes viikon ajan 15. heinäkuuta sattuneen 55 mm ukkossateen jälkeen. Heinäkuun jälkipuoliskon aurinkoista poutajaksoa lukuun ottamatta kesäkuukausien säälle oli ominaista pilvisyys ja useat sadepäivät. Eniten poutapäiviä oli toukokuussa ja syyskuussa niin, että kylvö (4.5.) sekä korjuu (15.9.) tehtiin hyvän sään vallitessa. Vehnään tuli runsaasti pistelaikkua, mutta ei ruosteita. Koe perustettiin tasaiseen kevätvehnä Amaretton kasvustoon. Tautien torjunta-aineet ruiskutettiin vehnän kukintavaiheessa (BBCH 63), 6. heinäkuuta. Ruiskutusvaiheessa pistelaikkua (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) oli alimmissa lehdissä, mutta keski- ja ylälehdet olivat tuolloin terveet. Kasvitaudit havainnoitiin kaksi kertaa, 14 ja 30 päivän kuluttua ruiskutuksesta. Ensimmäisellä havaintokerralla torjunnan vaikutus näkyi jo selvästi. Käsittelemättömissä ruuduissa pistelaikku oli tuhonnut 12 % lehtialasta. Fungisidiruiskutuksen saaneissa ruuduissa tuhoutunut lehtiala oli vain 1 4 % (Comet Pro & Prosaro Elatus Plus & Zenit 575 EC). Toisella havaintokerralla vehnän maitotuleentumisvaiheessa (BBCH) arvioitiin lopullinen torjuntateho kahdesta ylimmästä lehdestä, jotka vielä olivat vihreitä. Pistelaikku oli tuhonnut käsittelemättömien ruutujen lehtialasta 48 %. Tyydyttävä torjuntatulos saatiin tankkiseoksilla Elatus Plus & Zenit 575 EC (teho 71 %) ja Tilt 250 EC & Mirador (teho 73 %). Hyvään tulokseen päästiin seoksilla Basso & Mirador (teho 81 %) ja Acanto & Proline Xpert (teho 88 %). Muiden torjuntaohjelmien (Amistar Xtra & Folicur Xpert, Delaro & Folicur Xpert, Elatus Era, Proline, Comet Pro & Juventus, Comet Pro & Prosaro, and Amistar & Armure) teho oli erinomainen (91 94 %). Mikään valmiste ei aiheuttanut ruiskutusvioitusta. Vehnän maitotuleentumisvaiheessa arvioitiin vihreän lehtialan osuus vielä elossa olleista kahdesta ylimmästä lehdestä. Kaikki fungisidikäsittelyt lisäsivät vihreän lehtialan osuutta, sitä enemmän mitä parempi fungisiditeho oli. Hyvin onnistunut tautien torjunta kasvatti huomattavasti jyväkokoa ja lisäsi siten satoa. Käsittelemättömistä ruuduista satoa tuli 4614 kg/ha. Tyydyttävän torjuntatuloksen tuottaneet valmisteet lisäsivät satoa %. Hyvän tai erinomaisen torjuntatehon valmisteet lisäsivät satoa %. Ilman tautitorjuntaa tuhannen siemenen paino oli 33,2 g ja hehtolitrapaino 79,3 kg. Tautien torjunta lisäsi tuhannen jyvän painoa 8 17 % ja hehtolitrapainoa 2 4 %. FIGURES AND PHOTOS Figure 1. Tan spot severity 14 and 30 days after the fungicide application.

3 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in spring wheat Figure 2. The fungicide applications increased grain yield by %. Figure 3. The fungicide applications increased thousand grain weights by 8 17 %. Figure 4. The fungicide applications increased hectolitre weights by 2 4 %.

4 2016 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in spring wheat Photos 1 and 2. The trial field five days after the heavy rain of 55 mm. Water was the deepest at the right side of the trial. Wheat survived in the flooding field and resulted in the grain yield of kg/ha. Photos 3 and 4. Crop was even and dense. Tan spot had developed rapidly in the untreated plots (July 20 th ).

5 04/12/16 (F ) ARM Trial Treatments Page 1 of 2 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in spring wheat Trial ID: F Location: Inkoo Trial Year: 2016 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Päivi Koski Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Anne Rahkonen Trt Treatment Form Form Lot Rate Growth Appl Comment No. Name Conc Type Code Rate Unit Stage Code 1 1 Untreated Check Luke 2 Proline 250 EC ECE l/ha 55 A Luke -prothioconazole g AI 3 Comet Pro 200 EC l/ha 55 A Luke -pyraclostrobin g AI Juventus 90 SL l/ha 55 A Luke -metconazole g AI 4 Delaro 325 FS EV l/ha 55 A Bayer -trifloxystrobin g AI -prothioconazole g AI Folicur Xpert 240 EC EM4L l/ha 55 A Bayer -tebuconazole g AI -prothioconazole g AI 5 Acanto 250 SC MAR14PH l/ha 55 A Bayer, Hankkija, DuPont -picoxystrobin g AI Proline Xpert 240 EC l/ha 55 A Bayer, Hankkija, DuPont -prothioconazole g AI -tebuconazole g AI 6 Basso 490 EC / l/ha 55 A Adama -propiconazole g AI -prochloraz g AI Mirador 250 SC (131) 0.4 l/ha 55 A Adama -azoxystrobin g AI 7 Tilt 250 EC 250 EC /3 0.5 l/ha 55 A Adama -propiconazole g AI Mirador 250 SC (131) 0.4 l/ha 55 A Adama -azoxystrobin g AI 8 Amistar 250 SC GRA3B052E 0.4 l/ha 55 A Hankkija, Syngenta -azoxystrobin g AI Armure 300 EC SMO3B l/ha 55 A Hankkija, Syngenta -propiconazole g AI -difenoconazole g AI 9 ElatusEra 225 EC PE-1123SMU6BP002 1 l/ha 55 A Hankkija, Syngenta -solatenol g AI -prothioconazole g AI 10 ElatusPlus 100 EC PE-1044SMU5AP004 dev 0.75 l/ha 55 A Hankkija, Syngenta -solatenol g AI Zenit 575 EC 575 EC SMO2C l/ha 55 A Hankkija, Syngenta -propiconazole g AI -fenpropidin g AI 11 Amistar Xtra 280 SC L l/ha 55 A Berner -azoxystrobin g AI -cyproconazole g AI Folicur Xpert 240 EC EM4L l/ha 55 A Berner -tebuconazole g AI -prothioconazole g AI 12 Comet Pro 200 EC l/ha 55 A BASF, Bayer, Kesko -pyraclostrobin g AI Prosaro 250 EC EM4L l/ha 55 A BASF, Bayer, Kesko -tebuconazole g AI -prothioconazole g AI

6 04/12/16 (F ) ARM Trial Treatments Page 2 of 2 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in spring wheat Trial ID: F Location: Inkoo Trial Year: 2016 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Päivi Koski Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Anne Rahkonen Replications: 4, Untreated treatments: 1, Conduct under GLP/GEP: Yes (GEP with no protection), Design: Randomized Complete Block (RCB), Treatment units: Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size, Dry Form. Unit: %, Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size Width: 2 meters, Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size Length: 8 meters, Application volume: 200 L/ha, Mix size: 2.5 liters, Format definitions: G-All7.def, G-All7.frm

7 06/12/16 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 1 of 4 Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in spring wheat Trial ID: F Location: Inkoo Trial Year: 2016 Protocol ID: F Investigator: Päivi Koski Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Anne Rahkonen General Trial Information Study Director: Anne Rahkonen Title: Research Scientist Investigator: Anne Rahkonen Discipline: F fungicide Trial Status: F one-year/final Trial Reliability: GOOD Initiation Date: 19/05/16 Planned Completion Date: 15/12/16 Completion Date: 06/12/16 Trial Location City: Inkoo Country: FIN Finland Postal Code: FI Climate Zone: EPPONE EPPO North East Latitude of LL Corner : N Longitude of LL Corner : E Altitude of LL Corner, Unit: m Map Reference: WGS 84 Conducted Under GLP: No Conducted Under GEP: Yes No. Guideline Description 1. PP 1/26(4) Foliar and ear diseases on cereals 2. PP 1/135(4) phytotoxicity assessment 3. PP 1/152(4) Design and analysis of efficacy evaluation trials 4. PP 1/181(4) Conduct and reporting of efficacy evaluation trials including GEP

8 06/12/16 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 2 of 4 Objectives: The trial was established in the crop of spring wheat Amaretto, which was sown on the 4 th of May. The crop stand was even. Fungicides were applied at flowering stage (BBCH 63) on the 6 th of July. The tested treatments were Delaro+Folicur Xpert l/ha, Acanto+Proline Xpert l/ha, Basso+Mirador l/ha, Tilt 250 EC+Mirador l/ha Amistar+Armure l/ha Elatus Era 1.0 l/ha, Elatus Plus + Zenit 575 EC l/ha, Amistar Xtra+Folicur Xpert l/ha and Comet Pro+Prosaro l/ha. Standard treatments, used for comparison, were Proline 0.6 l/ha and Comet Pro+Juventus l/ha. An untreated check was included in the trial. Temperature and precipitation in June August were close to long term average May in Inkoo was warm with fewer rainy days than normally. Weather turned cool in early June and the latter half of June was rather rainy. A heavy rain of 55 mm occurred on July 15 th and the trial field was flooded for 5 7 days after that. The crop survived the flood. Rains were distributed during summer so that wheat did not suffer from draught in the course of the season. September was sunny, dry and rather warm which enabled combining the yield in good conditions on September 15 th. A severe infection of tan spot appeared on wheat during summer but no other diseases occurred at assessable levels. The trial was established in spring wheat variety Amaretto that was sown on May 4 th. Fungicides were applied at wheat flowering stage (BBCH 63) on July 6 th. At that time tan spot had appeared on the lowest leaves while the middle and the upper leaves were still free from symptoms. Disease severity was assessed twice, 14 and 30 days after application. Control efficacy was clearly visible already 14 days after the application. Tan spot severity in the untreated control was 12 % whereas tan spot severity in the fungicide treated plots was 1 4 % (Comet Pro & Prosaro Elatus Plus & Zenit 575 EC, respectively). The second disease assessment was conducted at milk ripening stage (BBCH 77) on the two uppermost leaf layers that were still green. Tan spot severity was 48 % in the untreated plots. Moderate control was reached with the tank mixtures of Elatus Plus & Zenit 575 EC (eff. 71 %) ja Tilt 250 EC & Mirador (eff. 73 %). Good control efficacy was achieved with Basso & Mirador (eff. 81 %) and Acanto & Proline Xpert (eff.ho 88 %). All other fungicide treatments (Amistar Xtra & Folicur Xpert, Delaro & Folicur Xpert, Elatus Era, Proline, Comet Pro & Juventus, Comet Pro & Prosaro, and Amistar & Armure) had excellent control efficacy of %. None of the fungicides caused phytotoxicity symptoms. Green leaf area was assessed on the two uppermost leaves at milk ripening stage of wheat. All fungicide treatments prolonged the persistence of the green leaf area. Green leaf area correlated positively with the control efficacy of the treatments. Excellent control efficacies resulted in significant yield increases. The yield level in the trial was rather high, 4614 kg/ha, in the untreated plots. Fungicide treatments with moderate control increased grain yield by % and fungicide treatments with good or excellent control efficacy increased grain yield by %. The yield increases were mainly due to the increased thousand kernel weight. Fungicide sprayings increased thousand kernel weights by 8 17 % and the hectolitre weight by 2 4 % compared to the untreated check. Contacts Study Director: Anne Rahkonen Title: Research Scientist Organization: Address: Laboratorium, Uutetie 2 Phone No.: City+State/Prov: Jokioinen, Finland Postal Code: FI anne.rahkonen@luke.fi Investigator: Anne Rahkonen Organization: Luonnonvarakeskus Organization: Västankvarnin koetila Address 1: Västankvarnintie 446 City: Inkoo Postal Code: FI Country: FIN Uusimaa Cooperator/Landowner

9 06/12/16 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 3 of 4 Crop Description Crop 1: TRZAS Triticum aestivum (spring) Spring wheat Variety: Amaretto BBCH Scale: BCER Planting Date: 04/05/16 Planting Rate, Unit: 650 S/M2 Planting Method: DRILLE drilled Depth, Unit: 5 cm Row Spacing, Unit: 12.5 cm Harvest Date: 15/09/16 Harvested Width, Unit: 1.55 m Harvested Length, Unit: 8 m Soil Moisture: DRY dry Harvest Equipment: Plot harvester Seed Bed: FINE fine % Standard Moisture: 15 Pest Description Pest 1 Type: D Code: PYRNTR Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Common Name: Tan spot of cereals Site and Design Treated Plot Width: 2 m Site Type: FIELD field Treated Plot Length: 8 m Experimental Unit: 1 PLOT plot Treated Plot Area: 16 m2 Treatments: 12 Tillage Type: CONTIL conventional-till Replications: 4 Study Design: RACOBL Randomized Complete Block (R Untreated Arrangement: INCLUDED single control randomized in each block No. Previous Crop Year 1. fallow 2015 Maintenance Maintenance Rate No. Date Product Name Rate Unit 1. 04/05/16 Yara Mila Y1 (N:27 P:1.3 K:4) 440 kg/ha 2. 07/06/16 Ariane S 2.2 L/ha 3. 07/06/16 +Danadim 0.5 L/ha ph: 6.3 Texture: SICL silty clay loam Soil Description Element Quantity Unit Ca 2747 mg/l P 15.4 mg/l K 123 mg/l Mg 180 mg/l Additional Measured Elements Moisture and Weather Conditions Overall Moisture Conditions: ABONOR above normal Closest Weather Station: Lohja, Porla Distance, Unit: 20 km

10 06/12/16 (F ) ARM Site Description Page 4 of 4 Application Description A Application Date: 06/07/16 Appl. Start Time: 11:15 Application Method: spray Application Placement: foliar Applied By: VR, EJ, PK Air Temperature, Unit: 20.6 C % Relative Humidity: 47 Wind Velocity, Unit: 3.1 mps Dew Presence (Y/N): N no Soil Temperature, Unit: 16.7 C Soil Moisture: damp % Cloud Cover: 10 Crop Stage At Each Application A Crop 1 Code, BBCH Scale: TRZAS BCER Stage Scale Used: BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: 63 Height, Unit: 80 cm Pest 1 Code, Type, Scale: Pest Stage At Each Application A PYRNTR D A Appl. Equipment: Plot sprayer Equipment Type: SPRAYE Operation Pressure, Unit: 2.0 bar Nozzle Type: Hardi4110 Nozzle Size: 12 Nozzle Spacing, Unit: 50 cm Nozzles/Row: 4 Boom ID: KSU2 Boom Length, Unit: 2 m Boom Height, Unit: 50 cm Ground Speed, Unit: 1 mps Carrier: water Spray Volume, Unit: 200 l/ha Mix Size, Unit: 2.5 liters Propellant: COMAIR Application Equipment Date By Notes 06/07/16 PK The wind velocity varied between 1.5 mps and 7 mps during the application.

11 29/11/16 (F ) ARM AOV Means Table Efficacy evaluation of fungicides against rusts and other leaf diseases in spring wheat Trial ID: F Location: Inkoo Trial Year: Protocol ID: F Investigator: Päivi Koski Project ID: Advisory Trials Study Director: Anne Rahkonen Pest Code PYRNTR PYRNTR Crop Code TRZAS TRZAS TRZAS TRZAS TRZAS TRZAS TRZAS Crop Variety Amaretto Amaretto Amaretto Amaretto Amaretto Amaretto Amaretto Part Rated PLANT C LEAF C LEAF C LEAF C GRAIN - GRAIN - GRAIN - Rating Date 20/07/16 20/07/16 05/08/16 05/08/16 14/11/16 14/11/16 14/11/16 Rating Type PHYGEN PESSEV PESSEV GREEN YIELD TKW HLW Rating Unit % % % % kg g kg Sample Size, Unit 1 PLOT 1 PLOT 1 PLOT 1 PLOT 1 ha 1000 seed 1 hl Crop Stage Majority Crop Stage Scale BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH BBCH Trt-Eval Interval 14 DA-A 14 DA-A 30 DA-A 30 DA-A 97 DA-A 97 DA-A 97 DA-A ARM Action Codes APC APC APOC TY1 APOC T2 APOC T3 APOC Trt Treatment Rate Appl No. Name Rate Unit Code Untreated Check 0.0 a a a 37.5 d 4614 b f 79.3 d (0%) (0%) (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) 2 Proline 0.6 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.50 c 3.75 cd 68.8 ab 5812 a cde 81.6 abc (88%) (92%) (183%) (126%) (110%) (103%) 3 Comet Pro 0.5 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.38 c 3.63 cd 72.5 ab 5650 a de 81.0 c Juventus 0.5 l/ha A (89%) (92%) (193%) (122%) (109%) (102%) 4 Delaro 0.4 l/ha A 0.0 a 2.00 c 3.88 cd 73.8 a 5814 a bcd 81.3 bc Folicur Xpert 0.4 l/ha A (84%) (92%) (197%) (126%) (113%) (102%) 5 Acanto 0.4 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.50 c 5.75 cd 71.5 ab 5775 a b-e 81.2 c Proline Xpert 0.4 l/ha A (88%) (88%) (191%) (125%) (112%) (102%) 6 Basso 0.8 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.38 c 9.25 bc 60.0 bc 5823 a bcd 81.3 bc Mirador 0.4 l/ha A (89%) (81%) (160%) (126%) (113%) (103%) 7 Tilt 250 EC 0.5 l/ha A 0.0 a 2.50 c b 55.0 c 5460 a b-e 81.1 c Mirador 0.4 l/ha A (80%) (73%) (147%) (118%) (111%) (102%) 8 Amistar 0.4 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.38 c 2.63 d 77.5 a 5897 a a 82.1 ab Armure 0.4 l/ha A (89%) (94%) (207%) (128%) (117%) (103%) 9 ElatusEra 1 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.75 c 3.63 cd 70.0 ab 5819 a ab 82.2 a (86%) (92%) (187%) (126%) (115%) (104%) 10 ElatusPlus 0.75 l/ha A 0.0 a 4.25 b b 55.5 c 5170 a e 80.8 c Zenit 575 EC 0.5 l/ha A (66%) (71%) (148%) (112%) (108%) (102%) 11 Amistar Xtra 0.4 l/ha A 0.0 a 2.25 c 4.50 cd 67.5 ab 5759 a b-e 81.5 abc Folicur Xpert 0.4 l/ha A (82%) (91%) (180%) (125%) (111%) (103%) 12 Comet Pro 0.5 l/ha A 0.0 a 1.00 c 3.50 cd 72.5 ab 5860 a bc 81.5 abc Prosaro 0.4 l/ha A (92%) (93%) (193%) (127%) (114%) (103%) LSD P= Standard Deviation CV Bartlett's X P(Bartlett's X2) * Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Means followed by same letter or symbol do not significantly differ (P=.05, Student-Newman-Keuls) Column 9: TY1 = *[5]*(100-[6])/85 Column 10: T2 = ((100-@AVGSUB([6]))*@AVGSUB([8]))/85 Column 11: T3 = ((100-@AVGSUB([6]))*@AVGSUB([7]))/85 Could not calculate LSD (% mean diff) for columns 1 because error mean square = 0.