FSD1014 Finnish Voter Barometer 1987 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE
c Finnish Social Science Data Archive, 2000 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish Voter Barometer 1987 [codebook]. Tampere : Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2014. This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (14.8.2000) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere FSD User Services: asiakaspalvelu.fsd@uta.fi +358 40 190 1442 Aila Data Service Portal: https://services.fsd.uta.fi/ Finnish Social Science Data Archive http://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/ Typeset by L A TEX $ Koodikirjoitin.py v28 @ 2014-10-10 10:57:02.132000 $
To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD1014 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive). The source must be acknowledged in any publication based wholly or in part on the data. The bibliographic citation may be in the form required by the publication, or in the form suggested by the archive. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Finnish Voter Barometer 1987 [computer file]. FSD1014, version 1.0 (2000-08- 14). Gallup Finland [data collection], 1987. University of Helsinki, Department of Political Science & Gallup Finland [producers]. Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], 2000. The depositor and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data. The archive must be informed of all publications where the data have been used. The beginning of the codebook contains information on data content, structure and collection, and includes a list of publications where the data have been used. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percents (%), and valid percents (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say ) as missing data. This codebook has been produced automatically with Python, L A TEXand dvipdfm software. Source files include data description files in DDI format, and SPSS files.
Contents 1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles....................................... 1 1.2 Subject description................................ 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data........................ 3 1.4 Use of data.................................... 4 2 Variables 7 3 Indexes 89 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence....................... 89 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order.......................... 98 A Abbreviations of Finnish Political Parties 107 B naire in Finnish 109 i
Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Title of the study: Finnish Voter Barometer 1987 Title of the study in Finnish: Puolueiden ajankohtaistutkimus 1987 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (14.8.2000) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. 1.2 Subject description Other material naire: pdf file in Finnish Authoring entity Gallup Finland Department of Political Science (University of Helsinki) Institutions mentioned in the general description of the survey series Copyright statement for the data According to an agreement between FSD and the depositor Depositor Gallup Finland 1
1. Study description Date of deposit 10.5.1999 Keywords elections; Finland; municipal elections; parliamentary elections; political attitudes; political behaviour; presidential elections; voting Topic Classification Classification by FSD vocabulary: political studies Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion Series description The data belong to the series: Finnish Voter Barometers The Finnish Voter Barometer surveys are commissioned by the major parties in the Parliament. In election years, other sponsors have also been involved. Up till 1988, the surveys were planned by Gallup Finland (TNS Gallup Ltd) and the Department of Political and Economic Studies at the University of Helsinki, in collaboration with the political parties. After 1988, the planning has been in the hands of Gallup Finland and the parties. From 1973 to 1990, the annual voter barometers were collected mainly with face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires, 1000-2000 interviews/barometer. Since 1991, the data have been collected with GallupChannel (PC s installed in respondents homes). No surveys were conducted in 1985 and 1989. Survey themes include voting behaviour, opinions on the government and the parties, and attitudes towards national political issues. In addition, respondents economic expectations and political participation have often been studied, as well as their opinions on local politics, and the significance of the party leader to a party. Background variables have often included the social class of the respondent and the household head, economic activity of the household head, respondent s education, age, mother tongue, gender, party membership, political views, trade union membership, and family s annual income. There are also regional variables. Even though the variables are not always fully comparable from one survey to another, all kinds of comparisons over time are possible. The FSD collections cover data from 1973. Abstract The variables describe the following: interest in politics, left/right dimension, opinions on the 1987 parliamentary elections, the voting decision, matters that affected the voting decision, information sources which supported one s decision to vote, voting certainty, voting in the 1984 2
1.3. Structure and collection of the data municipal elections, presidential elections, image of the parties, the preferred government coalition, significance of the party leader to a party, political action, trust in politicians, and opinions on the parties in general. Some variables are connected with the interview situation and the social structure of the sample. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Unit of analysis: Individual Universe: Finnish population aged 18 or over, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: 2.4.1987 29.4.1987 Data collector: Gallup Finland Data producer: Gallup Finland; University of Helsinki. Department of Political Science Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1987 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 200 variables and 1161 cases. Sampling procedure: Stratified multistage sampling At first, the target population was stratified according to the number of inhabitants aged 18 or over in each province and in the second stage, by municipality group within each province. Municipalities were classified into five groups on the basis of their level of industrialisation. The stratifying frame achieved in this manner was used to count how many interviews should be done in the municipalities of each municipality group in order to have a geographically and demographically representative sample. The municipalities in the sample have been selected with the Deming zone selection method. This method is based on the use of random numbers and gives each municipality an equal chance to be selected, although municipalities with large population have a better chance to be selected. A municipality may be sampled more than once - in which case more than one starting point is drawn for that municipality. The interviews were conducted in clusters of four subjects using the starting point method. The starting points were drawn from the population register, selecting individuals born on the 5th of any month, and then selecting starting addresses among them from the sample municipalities at fixed intervals. The first interview was conducted at the starting point, after which the interviewer proceeded to the next three households. The individual chosen for the interview had to correspond to the age and sex criteria defined in the selection card. If necessary, there was one follow-up per person. Interviews were conducted in 40 cities and 61 rural municipalities. The number of respondents was 1,161. 3
1. Study description 1.4 Use of data Related publications Bengtsson, Åsa (2012). Väljarnas kandidatval: rörlighet och motiv. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), 139-155. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:978-952-259-172-2. Borg, Sami (2006). Käsitykset kansalaisuudesta ja omista vaikuttamismahdollisuuksista. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), 115-127. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Borg, Sami & Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2002). Suuret ikäluokat ja valta. Hyvinvointikatsaus 1/2002, 51-58. Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan & Sänkiaho, Risto & Wass, Hanna (2005). Kiinnittyminen politiikkaan. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), 88-118. Helsinki: WSOY. Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Wass, Hanna (2005). Äänestysosallistuminen. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), 119-146. Helsinki: WSOY. Karvonen, Lauri (2014). Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland. Politics under Fundamental Societal Transformation. Colchester. ECPR Press Meyer, Thomas (2010). Party competition over time. How voters and intra-party structure constrain party policy shifts. Mannheim: MADOC. urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-29386 Paloheimo, Heikki (2002). Hallituksen toimintaan ja puoluejohdon taitavuuteen kohdistuva arviointi puoluekannatuksen selittäjänä. Politiikka 44(2), 124-143. Paloheimo, Heikki (2003). Miten äänestäjät valitsevat puolueen? Politiikka 45(3), 175-193. Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Puoluevalinnan tilannetekijät. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), 202-228. Helsinki: WSOY. Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa. Helsinki: WSOY. Paloheimo, Heikki (2006). Asenteet poliittisia instituutioita ja toimijoita kohtaan. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), 128-153. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Paloheimo, Heikki & Borg, Sami (2009). Eduskuntavaalit yleisödemokratian aikakaudella. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), 357-376. Tampere: Tampere University Press. Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan (2005). Puoluevalinnan perusteet. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), 169-201. Helsinki: WSOY. Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (2006). Toim. Sami Borg. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (2009). Toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki. Tampere: Tampere University Press. Wass, Hanna (2007). The effects of age, generation and period on turnout in Finland 1975-2003. Electoral Studies 26(3), 648-659. 4
1.4. Use of data Wass, Hanna (2007). The effects of age, generation and period on turnout in Finland 1975-2003. Electoral Studies 26(3), 648-659. Wass, Hanna (2008). Generations and turnout: Generational effect in electoral participation in Finland. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. Department of Political Science. Acta Politica 35. Updated list of publications in the study description at http://www.fsd.uta.fi/english/data/catalogue/fsd1014/ Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions The dataset is available for research, teaching and study. 5
Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1161 minimum 1014.00 maximum 1014.00 mean 1014.00 standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1161 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation 0.00 7
2. Variables [FSD_PRO] FSD processing level Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. A (see codebook) 1 B (see codebook) 2 0 0.0 0.0 C (dataset have not been checked at FSD) 3 0 0.0 0.0 [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1161 minimum 1.00 maximum 1161.00 mean 581.00 standard deviation 335.30 [Q2] Respondent s own interest in politics Respondent s own interest in politics Very interested 1 162 14.0 14.0 (continued on next page) 8
Q3_2 (cont. from previous page) Interested to some extent 2 511 44.0 44.0 Not very interested 3 353 30.4 30.4 Not at all interested 4 132 11.4 11.4 Can t say 5 3 0.3 0.3 [Q3_1] How often do you read articles about political issues in the newspapers? How often do you read articles about political issues in the newspapers? Often 1 481 41.4 41.4 Sometimes 2 370 31.9 31.9 Seldom 3 258 22.2 22.2 Never 4 50 4.3 4.3 Can t say 5 2 0.2 0.2 [Q3_2] How often do you discuss politics with other people? How often do you discuss politics with other people? Often 1 177 15.2 15.2 Sometimes 2 473 40.7 40.7 Seldom 3 379 32.6 32.6 Never 4 131 11.3 11.3 Can t say 5 1 0.1 0.1 9
2. Variables [Q3_3] How often do you cooperate with other people in order to achieve improvements in local matters? How often do you cooperate with other people in order to achieve improvements in local matters? Often 1 77 6.6 6.6 Sometimes 2 197 17.0 17.0 Seldom 3 373 32.1 32.1 Never 4 505 43.5 43.5 Can t say 5 9 0.8 0.8 [Q3_4] How often do you participate in political or election meetings? How often do you participate in political or election meetings? Often 1 46 4.0 4.0 Sometimes 2 118 10.2 10.2 Seldom 3 196 16.9 16.9 Never 4 797 68.6 68.6 Can t say 5 4 0.3 0.3 [Q3_5] How often do you contact civil servants or politicians? How often do you contact civil servants or politicians? 10
Q4 Often 1 37 3.2 3.2 Sometimes 2 110 9.5 9.5 Seldom 3 228 19.6 19.6 Never 4 780 67.2 67.2 Can t say 5 6 0.5 0.5 [Q3_6] How often do you participate in election campaign work in support of some party or candidate? How often do you participate in election campaign work in support of some party or candidate? Often 1 47 4.0 4.0 Sometimes 2 60 5.2 5.2 Seldom 3 69 5.9 5.9 Never 4 971 83.6 83.6 Can t say 5 14 1.2 1.2 [Q4] Thinking of political orientation, where would you place yourself on a left - right axis? Thinking of political orientation, where would you place yourself on a left - right axis? Left 1 27 2.3 2.5 2 55 4.7 5.0 3 140 12.1 12.8 4 179 15.4 16.3 5 278 23.9 25.4 6 121 10.4 11.1 7 153 13.2 14.0 (continued on next page) 11
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) 8 97 8.4 8.9 Right 9 45 3.9 4.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 66 5.7 [Q5] Thinking about attitudes towards society, where would you place your own values on a hard - soft scale? Thinking about attitudes towards society, where would you place your own values on a hard - soft scale? Hard values 1 7 0.6 0.6 2 19 1.6 1.7 3 48 4.1 4.3 4 94 8.1 8.4 5 337 29.0 30.2 6 158 13.6 14.1 7 288 24.8 25.8 8 116 10.0 10.4 Soft values 9 50 4.3 4.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 44 3.8 [Q6_1] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign was interesting and exciting Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign was interesting and exciting Agree 1 675 58.1 58.1 (continued on next page) 12
Q6_4 (cont. from previous page) Disagree 2 407 35.1 35.1 Can t say 3 79 6.8 6.8 [Q6_2] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign was too ferocious Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign was too ferocious Agree 1 244 21.0 21.0 Disagree 2 779 67.1 67.1 Can t say 3 138 11.9 11.9 [Q6_3] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Differences between parties became clear Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Differences between parties became clear Agree 1 524 45.1 45.1 Disagree 2 539 46.4 46.4 Can t say 3 98 8.4 8.4 [Q6_4] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign focused too much on party leaders. Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaign focused too much on party leaders. 13
2. Variables Agree 1 744 64.1 64.1 Disagree 2 292 25.2 25.2 Can t say 3 125 10.8 10.8 [Q6_5] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaigns of the parties were factual and informative Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaigns of the parties were factual and informative Agree 1 465 40.1 40.1 Disagree 2 562 48.4 48.4 Can t say 3 134 11.5 11.5 [Q6_6] Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaigns of the parties were evasive as far as real problems of the society were concerned Opinion on parliamentary election campaign: Campaigns of the parties were evasive as far as real problems of the society were concerned Agree 1 789 68.0 68.0 Disagree 2 247 21.3 21.3 Can t say 3 125 10.8 10.8 14
Q8_2 [Q7] How clear a perception do you have of policy differencies between parties? How clear a perception do you have of policy differencies between parties? Very clear perception of differences between parties 1 189 16.3 16.3 Rather clear perception of differences 2 498 42.9 42.9 Not very clear perception of differences 3 376 32.4 32.4 Not at all clear perception of differences 4 52 4.5 4.5 Can t say 5 46 4.0 4.0 [Q8_1] How often people do not vote because...: Do not remeber to go voting How often people do not vote because...: Do not remeber to go voting very often the reason 1 27 2.3 2.3 fairly often the reason 2 80 6.9 6.9 only rarely the reason 3 1024 88.2 88.2 Can t say 4 30 2.6 2.6 [Q8_2] How often people do not vote because...: Sickness or physical disability makes it difficult to go voting How often people do not vote because...: Sickness or physical disability makes it difficult to go voting 15
2. Variables very often the reason 1 97 8.4 8.4 fairly often the reason 2 341 29.4 29.4 only rarely the reason 3 694 59.8 59.8 Can t say 4 29 2.5 2.5 [Q8_3] How often people do not vote because...: No suitable party or group How often people do not vote because...: No suitable party or group very often the reason 1 196 16.9 16.9 fairly often the reason 2 433 37.3 37.3 only rarely the reason 3 495 42.6 42.6 Can t say 4 37 3.2 3.2 [Q8_4] How often people do not vote because...: No suitable candidate How often people do not vote because...: No suitable candidate very often the reason 1 218 18.8 18.8 fairly often the reason 2 453 39.0 39.0 only rarely the reason 3 462 39.8 39.8 Can t say 4 28 2.4 2.4 [Q8_5] How often people do not vote because...: General mistrust in political parties How often people do not vote because...: General mistrust in political parties 16
Q8_7 very often the reason 1 505 43.5 43.5 fairly often the reason 2 498 42.9 42.9 only rarely the reason 3 127 10.9 10.9 Can t say 4 31 2.7 2.7 [Q8_6] How often people do not vote because...: Can t be bothered How often people do not vote because...: Can t be bothered very often the reason 1 439 37.8 37.8 fairly often the reason 2 466 40.1 40.1 only rarely the reason 3 237 20.4 20.4 Can t say 4 19 1.6 1.6 [Q8_7] How often people do not vote because...: Parties are too similar How often people do not vote because...: Parties are too similar very often the reason 1 127 10.9 10.9 fairly often the reason 2 449 38.7 38.7 only rarely the reason 3 519 44.7 44.7 Can t say 4 66 5.7 5.7 17
2. Variables [Q8_8] How often people do not vote because...: People do not believe that a vote makes any difference How often people do not vote because...: People do not believe that a vote makes any difference very often the reason 1 508 43.8 43.8 fairly often the reason 2 466 40.1 40.1 only rarely the reason 3 159 13.7 13.7 Can t say 4 28 2.4 2.4 [Q8_9] How often people do not vote because...: Not enough information on the candidates How often people do not vote because...: Not enough information on the candidates very often the reason 1 225 19.4 19.4 fairly often the reason 2 517 44.5 44.5 only rarely the reason 3 386 33.2 33.2 Can t say 4 33 2.8 2.8 [Q8_10] How often people do not vote because...: Not enough information on the parties How often people do not vote because...: Not enough information on the parties 18
Q8_12 very often the reason 1 182 15.7 15.7 fairly often the reason 2 494 42.5 42.5 only rarely the reason 3 456 39.3 39.3 Can t say 4 29 2.5 2.5 [Q8_11] How often people do not vote because...: As a protest against politics How often people do not vote because...: As a protest against politics very often the reason 1 420 36.2 36.2 fairly often the reason 2 400 34.5 34.5 only rarely the reason 3 293 25.2 25.2 Can t say 4 48 4.1 4.1 [Q8_12] How often people do not vote because...: Not satisfied with the candidate they had voted earlier How often people do not vote because...: Not satisfied with the candidate they had voted earlier very often the reason 1 196 16.9 16.9 fairly often the reason 2 420 36.2 36.2 only rarely the reason 3 482 41.5 41.5 Can t say 4 63 5.4 5.4 19
2. Variables [Q8_13] How often people do not vote because...: Not satisfied with party they had voted earlier How often people do not vote because...: Not satisfied with party they had voted earlier very often the reason 1 178 15.3 15.3 fairly often the reason 2 486 41.9 41.9 only rarely the reason 3 436 37.6 37.6 Can t say 4 61 5.3 5.3 [Q8_14] How often people do not vote because...: Voting does not seem to benefit the voter How often people do not vote because...: Voting does not seem to benefit the voter very often the reason 1 490 42.2 42.2 fairly often the reason 2 432 37.2 37.2 only rarely the reason 3 198 17.1 17.1 Can t say 4 41 3.5 3.5 [Q8_15] How often people do not vote because...: Not able to decide which candidate to vote for How often people do not vote because...: Not able to decide which candidate to vote for 20
Q10 very often the reason 1 143 12.3 12.3 fairly often the reason 2 418 36.0 36.0 only rarely the reason 3 558 48.1 48.1 Can t say 4 42 3.6 3.6 [Q8_16] How often people do not vote because...: Not able to decide which party to vote for How often people do not vote because...: Not able to decide which party to vote for very often the reason 1 111 9.6 9.6 fairly often the reason 2 429 37.0 37.0 only rarely the reason 3 576 49.6 49.6 Can t say 4 45 3.9 3.9 [Q9] When did you make the final decision whether to vote or not? When did you make the final decision whether to vote or not? In good time before the elections 1 785 67.6 67.6 A couple of weeks before or during election week 2 215 18.5 18.5 On one of the election days 3 139 12.0 12.0 Can t say 4 22 1.9 1.9 [Q10] How many candidates did you seriously consider when deciding who to vote for? How many candidates did you seriously consider when deciding who to vote for? 21
2. Variables Only one candidate 1 468 40.3 40.3 Many candidates, but only from one political 2 446 38.4 38.4 party/group Many parties, candidate s characteristics were decisive 3 133 11.5 11.5 Many candidates, but the party was decisive 4 50 4.3 4.3 Can t say 5 64 5.5 5.5 [Q11] When deciding who to vote for, how important was it for you that the candidate is likely to get elected? When deciding who to vote for, how important was it for you that the candidate is likely to get elected? Very important 1 352 30.3 30.3 Rather important 2 426 36.7 36.7 Not very important 3 260 22.4 22.4 Not at all important 4 65 5.6 5.6 Can t say 5 58 5.0 5.0 [Q12_1] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Newspaper articles on elections How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Newspaper articles on elections Very much 1 186 16.0 16.0 (continued on next page) 22
Q12_3 (cont. from previous page) Rather a lot 2 467 40.2 40.2 Not very much 3 365 31.4 31.4 None at all 4 116 10.0 10.0 Can t say 5 27 2.3 2.3 [Q12_2] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Periodical articles on elections How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Periodical articles on elections Very much 1 39 3.4 3.4 Rather a lot 2 170 14.6 14.6 Not very much 3 498 42.9 42.9 None at all 4 425 36.6 36.6 Can t say 5 29 2.5 2.5 [Q12_3] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Radio and television election programmes of Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE) How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Radio and television election programmes of Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE) Very much 1 268 23.1 23.1 Rather a lot 2 434 37.4 37.4 Not very much 3 287 24.7 24.7 (continued on next page) 23
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) None at all 4 146 12.6 12.6 Can t say 5 26 2.2 2.2 [Q12_4] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Local radio stations How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Local radio stations Very much 1 53 4.6 4.6 Rather a lot 2 174 15.0 15.0 Not very much 3 324 27.9 27.9 None at all 4 579 49.9 49.9 Can t say 5 31 2.7 2.7 [Q12_5] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Election campaigning How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Election campaigning Very much 1 40 3.4 3.4 Rather a lot 2 103 8.9 8.9 Not very much 3 175 15.1 15.1 None at all 4 812 69.9 69.9 Can t say 5 31 2.7 2.7 24
Q12_8 [Q12_6] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Trade union How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Trade union Very much 1 21 1.8 1.8 Rather a lot 2 70 6.0 6.0 Not very much 3 150 12.9 12.9 None at all 4 884 76.1 76.1 Can t say 5 36 3.1 3.1 [Q12_7] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Friends, acquaintances How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Friends, acquaintances Very much 1 41 3.5 3.5 Rather a lot 2 180 15.5 15.5 Not very much 3 387 33.3 33.3 None at all 4 527 45.4 45.4 Can t say 5 26 2.2 2.2 [Q12_8] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Colleagues, fellow employees How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Colleagues, fellow employees 25
2. Variables Very much 1 17 1.5 1.5 Rather a lot 2 99 8.5 8.5 Not very much 3 264 22.7 22.7 None at all 4 747 64.3 64.3 Can t say 5 34 2.9 2.9 [Q12_9] How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Relatives How much information for your voting decision did you get from: Relatives Very much 1 25 2.2 2.2 Rather a lot 2 103 8.9 8.9 Not very much 3 288 24.8 24.8 None at all 4 716 61.7 61.7 Can t say 5 29 2.5 2.5 [Q13_1] How interested were you in election advertising in newspapers? How interested were you in election advertising in newspapers? Very interested 1 92 7.9 7.9 Rather interested 2 302 26.0 26.0 Not very interested 3 533 45.9 45.9 Not at all interested 4 217 18.7 18.7 Can t say 5 17 1.5 1.5 26
Q13_4 [Q13_2] How interested were you in election posters? How interested were you in election posters? Very interested 1 26 2.2 2.2 Rather interested 2 152 13.1 13.1 Not very interested 3 474 40.8 40.8 Not at all interested 4 491 42.3 42.3 Can t say 5 18 1.6 1.6 [Q13_3] How interested were you in party advertisements on the local radio? How interested were you in party advertisements on the local radio? Very interested 1 17 1.5 1.5 Rather interested 2 125 10.8 10.8 Not very interested 3 316 27.2 27.2 Not at all interested 4 669 57.6 57.6 Can t say 5 34 2.9 2.9 [Q13_4] How interested were you in leaflets and brochures distributed by parties and candidates? How interested were you in leaflets and brochures distributed by parties and candidates? 27
2. Variables Very interested 1 40 3.4 3.4 Rather interested 2 199 17.1 17.1 Not very interested 3 456 39.3 39.3 Not at all interested 4 448 38.6 38.6 Can t say 5 18 1.6 1.6 [Q14] Did you vote in the 1987 parliamentary elections? Did you vote in the 1987 parliamentary elections? Yes 1 994 85.6 86.5 No 2 155 13.4 13.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 12 1.0 [Q15] When did you make your final decision which party to vote for? When did you make your final decision which party to vote for? On one of the election days 1 94 8.1 9.5 Some days before the elections 2 94 8.1 9.5 About a week or two before the elections 3 149 12.8 15.0 About a month or two before the elections 4 83 7.1 8.4 Earlier than two months before the elections 5 566 48.8 56.9 Can t say 6 8 0.7 0.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 28
Q18 [Q16] When did you make your final decision which candidate to vote for? When did you make your final decision which candidate to vote for? On one of the election days 1 171 14.7 17.2 Some days before the elections 2 182 15.7 18.3 About a week or two before the elections 3 208 17.9 20.9 About a month or two before the elections 4 157 13.5 15.8 Earlier than two months before the elections 5 274 23.6 27.6 Can t say 6 2 0.2 0.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q17] When did you vote? When did you vote? Voted in advance (early voting) 1 160 13.8 16.1 On the first election day 2 550 47.4 55.3 On the second election day 3 281 24.2 28.3 Can t remember 4 3 0.3 0.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q18] Have you previously voted for the same candidate you are voting for now? Have you previously voted for the same candidate you are voting for now? 29
2. Variables Yes 1 338 29.1 34.0 No 2 546 47.0 54.9 No, because he has not been a candidate before 3 98 8.4 9.9 Can t remember 4 12 1.0 1.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q19_1] Would you have voted for the same candidate anyway, regardless of which party he belongs to? Would you have voted for the same candidate anyway, regardless of which party he belongs to? Definitely 1 46 4.0 4.6 Probably 2 126 10.9 12.7 Probably not 3 242 20.8 24.3 Definitely not 4 553 47.6 55.6 Can t say 5 27 2.3 2.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q19_2] Would you have voted for the same candidate, if he had been a member of another, politically close party? Would you have voted for the same candidate, if he had been a member of another, politically close party? Definitely 1 90 7.8 9.1 Probably 2 314 27.0 31.6 Probably not 3 237 20.4 23.8 Definitely not 4 294 25.3 29.6 Can t say 5 59 5.1 5.9 (continued on next page) 30
Q22 (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q20] Did the candidate you voted for get elected to the Parliament? Did the candidate you voted for get elected to the Parliament? Yes 1 563 48.5 56.6 No 2 408 35.1 41.0 Don t know 3 23 2.0 2.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q21] When you voted, was the party or the candidate more important to you, or did both matter equally? When you voted, was the party or the candidate more important to you, or did both matter equally? Party more important 1 315 27.1 31.7 Candidate more important 2 192 16.5 19.3 Both equally important 3 476 41.0 47.9 Can t say 4 11 0.9 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q22] Did you vote for a male or a female? Did you vote for a male or a female? 31
2. Variables Male 1 639 55.0 64.3 Female 2 339 29.2 34.1 Do not want to say / can t remember 3 16 1.4 1.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q23_1] The most important reason for choosing the party: Ideology The most important reason for choosing the party: Ideology Not mentioned 0 864 74.4 74.4 Mentioned 1 297 25.6 25.6 [Q23_2] The most important reason for choosing the party: Tradition The most important reason for choosing the party: Tradition Not mentioned 0 1043 89.8 89.8 Mentioned 1 118 10.2 10.2 [Q23_3] The most important reason for choosing the party: Equality between sexes The most important reason for choosing the party: Equality between sexes 32
Q23_6 Not mentioned 0 1151 99.1 99.1 Mentioned 1 10 0.9 0.9 [Q23_4] The most important reason for choosing the party: Candidate an acquaintance/friend The most important reason for choosing the party: Candidate an acquaintance/friend Not mentioned 0 1000 86.1 86.1 Mentioned 1 161 13.9 13.9 [Q23_5] The most important reason for choosing the party: Party polices in real life The most important reason for choosing the party: Party polices in real life Not mentioned 0 1002 86.3 86.3 Mentioned 1 159 13.7 13.7 [Q23_6] The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of pensioners The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of pensioners 33
2. Variables Not mentioned 0 1154 99.4 99.4 Mentioned 1 7 0.6 0.6 [Q23_7] The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of entrepreneurs The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of entrepreneurs Not mentioned 0 1155 99.5 99.5 Mentioned 1 6 0.5 0.5 [Q23_8] The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of workers The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of workers Not mentioned 0 1129 97.2 97.2 Mentioned 1 32 2.8 2.8 [Q23_9] The most important reason for choosing the party: Beneficial for the respondent The most important reason for choosing the party: Beneficial for the respondent 34
Q23_12 Not mentioned 0 1039 89.5 89.5 Mentioned 1 122 10.5 10.5 [Q23_10] The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of people with low incomes The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of people with low incomes Not mentioned 0 1149 99.0 99.0 Mentioned 1 12 1.0 1.0 [Q23_11] The most important reason for choosing the party: Election promises The most important reason for choosing the party: Election promises Not mentioned 0 1140 98.2 98.2 Mentioned 1 21 1.8 1.8 [Q23_12] The most important reason for choosing the party: Language issues The most important reason for choosing the party: Language issues 35
2. Variables Not mentioned 0 1151 99.1 99.1 Mentioned 1 10 0.9 0.9 [Q23_13] The most important reason for choosing the party: Protest The most important reason for choosing the party: Protest Not mentioned 0 1155 99.5 99.5 Mentioned 1 6 0.5 0.5 [Q23_14] The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of families with children The most important reason for choosing the party: Promotes the interests of families with children Not mentioned 0 1153 99.3 99.3 Mentioned 1 8 0.7 0.7 [Q23_15] The most important reason for choosing the party: Usually the best party The most important reason for choosing the party: Usually the best party 36
Q24 Not mentioned 0 1142 98.4 98.4 Mentioned 1 19 1.6 1.6 [Q23_16] The most important reason for choosing the party: Other reason The most important reason for choosing the party: Other reason Not mentioned 0 1154 99.4 99.4 Mentioned 1 7 0.6 0.6 [Q23_17] The most important reason for choosing the party: Can t say The most important reason for choosing the party: Can t say Not mentioned 0 1055 90.9 90.9 Mentioned 1 106 9.1 9.1 [Q24] How difficult it was for you to choose which party/group to vote for? How difficult it was for you to choose which party/group to vote for? Very difficult 1 12 1.0 1.2 (continued on next page) 37
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Somewhat difficult 2 89 7.7 9.0 Not difficult 3 332 28.6 33.4 Not at all difficult 4 554 47.7 55.7 Can t say 5 7 0.6 0.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q25] If the elections were held now, would you vote for the same party/group? If the elections were held now, would you vote for the same party/group? Certainly 1 713 61.4 71.7 Probably 2 246 21.2 24.7 Probably not 3 21 1.8 2.1 Certainly not 4 5 0.4 0.5 Can t say 5 9 0.8 0.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q26] Can you say why you would not vote for the same party/group? Can you say why you would not vote for the same party/group? No reason 0 1148 98.9 98.9 There is a reason 1 13 1.1 1.1 38
Q27_3 [Q27_1] Did the party policy on taxation influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on taxation influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 246 21.2 24.7 Influenced to some extent 2 484 41.7 48.7 Did not influence at all 3 225 19.4 22.6 Can t say 4 39 3.4 3.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_2] Did the party policy on environmental issues influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on environmental issues influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 229 19.7 23.0 Influenced to some extent 2 530 45.7 53.3 Did not influence at all 3 201 17.3 20.2 Can t say 4 34 2.9 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_3] Did the party policy on pension issues affect your voting? Did the party policy on pension issues affect your voting? 39
2. Variables Influenced considerably 1 155 13.4 15.6 Influenced to some extent 2 334 28.8 33.6 Did not influence at all 3 462 39.8 46.5 Can t say 4 43 3.7 4.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_4] Did the party policy on families with children influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on families with children influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 346 29.8 34.8 Influenced to some extent 2 425 36.6 42.8 Did not influence at all 3 190 16.4 19.1 Can t say 4 33 2.8 3.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_5] Did the party policy on equality between sexes influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on equality between sexes influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 168 14.5 16.9 Influenced to some extent 2 422 36.3 42.5 Did not influence at all 3 359 30.9 36.1 Can t say 4 45 3.9 4.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 40
Q27_8 [Q27_6] Did the party policy to promote the interests of the disadvantaged influence your voting decision? Did the party policy to promote the interests of the disadvantaged influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 346 29.8 34.8 Influenced to some extent 2 460 39.6 46.3 Did not influence at all 3 155 13.4 15.6 Can t say 4 33 2.8 3.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_7] Did the party policy on moral issues influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on moral issues influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 153 13.2 15.4 Influenced to some extent 2 420 36.2 42.3 Did not influence at all 3 364 31.4 36.6 Can t say 4 57 4.9 5.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_8] Did the party policy on employment measures influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on employment measures influence your voting decision? 41
2. Variables Influenced considerably 1 300 25.8 30.2 Influenced to some extent 2 469 40.4 47.2 Did not influence at all 3 195 16.8 19.6 Can t say 4 30 2.6 3.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_9] Did the performance of party representatives on television influence your voting decision? Did the performance of party representatives on television influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 170 14.6 17.1 Influenced to some extent 2 406 35.0 40.8 Did not influence at all 3 390 33.6 39.2 Can t say 4 28 2.4 2.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_10] Did the party policy on food prices influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on food prices influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 159 13.7 16.0 Influenced to some extent 2 414 35.7 41.6 Did not influence at all 3 360 31.0 36.2 Can t say 4 61 5.3 6.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 42
Q27_13 [Q27_11] Did the party policy on matters concerning your municipality of residence influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on matters concerning your municipality of residence influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 239 20.6 24.0 Influenced to some extent 2 418 36.0 42.1 Did not influence at all 3 292 25.2 29.4 Can t say 4 45 3.9 4.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_12] Did the party policy on nuclear issues influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on nuclear issues influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 246 21.2 24.7 Influenced to some extent 2 404 34.8 40.6 Did not influence at all 3 301 25.9 30.3 Can t say 4 43 3.7 4.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_13] Did the party s foreign policy influence your voting decision? Did the party s foreign policy influence your voting decision? 43
2. Variables Influenced considerably 1 251 21.6 25.3 Influenced to some extent 2 448 38.6 45.1 Did not influence at all 3 255 22.0 25.7 Can t say 4 40 3.4 4.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_14] Did the party policy on government composition influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on government composition influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 181 15.6 18.2 Influenced to some extent 2 407 35.1 40.9 Did not influence at all 3 350 30.1 35.2 Can t say 4 56 4.8 5.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_15] Did the party ideology influence your voting decision? Did the party ideology influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 516 44.4 51.9 Influenced to some extent 2 338 29.1 34.0 Did not influence at all 3 114 9.8 11.5 Can t say 4 26 2.2 2.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 44
Q28_1 [Q27_16] Did the party policy on regional development influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on regional development influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 216 18.6 21.7 Influenced to some extent 2 490 42.2 49.3 Did not influence at all 3 242 20.8 24.3 Can t say 4 46 4.0 4.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q27_17] Did the party policy on science, arts and cultural issues influence your voting decision? Did the party policy on science, arts and cultural issues influence your voting decision? Influenced considerably 1 110 9.5 11.1 Influenced to some extent 2 376 32.4 37.8 Did not influence at all 3 465 40.1 46.8 Can t say 4 43 3.7 4.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q28_1] How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on environmental and nature protection issues How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on environmental and nature protection issues 45
2. Variables Was of crucial importance 1 104 9.0 10.5 Influenced a lot 2 320 27.6 32.2 Influenced a little 3 367 31.6 36.9 Did not influence at all 4 179 15.4 18.0 Can t say 5 24 2.1 2.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q28_2] How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s prior experience in politics and the Parliament How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s prior experience in politics and the Parliament Was of crucial importance 1 211 18.2 21.2 Influenced a lot 2 300 25.8 30.2 Influenced a little 3 211 18.2 21.2 Did not influence at all 4 254 21.9 25.6 Can t say 5 18 1.6 1.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q28_3] How important to your choice of candidate: Impeccability of the candidate s private life How important to your choice of candidate: Impeccability of the candidate s private life Was of crucial importance 1 91 7.8 9.2 Influenced a lot 2 200 17.2 20.1 Influenced a little 3 178 15.3 17.9 Did not influence at all 4 486 41.9 48.9 (continued on next page) 46
Q28_5 (cont. from previous page) Can t say 5 39 3.4 3.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q28_4] How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s views on Finland s future How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s views on Finland s future Was of crucial importance 1 153 13.2 15.4 Influenced a lot 2 427 36.8 43.0 Influenced a little 3 257 22.1 25.9 Did not influence at all 4 111 9.6 11.2 Can t say 5 46 4.0 4.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q28_5] How important to your choice of candidate: Desire to elect new, fresh members to the Parliament How important to your choice of candidate: Desire to elect new, fresh members to the Parliament Was of crucial importance 1 203 17.5 20.4 Influenced a lot 2 288 24.8 29.0 Influenced a little 3 181 15.6 18.2 Did not influence at all 4 295 25.4 29.7 Can t say 5 27 2.3 2.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 (continued on next page) 47
2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q28_6] How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on nuclear issues How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on nuclear issues Was of crucial importance 1 120 10.3 12.1 Influenced a lot 2 252 21.7 25.4 Influenced a little 3 267 23.0 26.9 Did not influence at all 4 305 26.3 30.7 Can t say 5 50 4.3 5.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 167 14.4 [Q29] Did you vote in the 1984 municipal (local) elections? Did you vote in the 1984 municipal (local) elections? Yes 1 896 77.2 77.2 No, because I did not have the right to vote 2 105 9.0 9.0 No 3 128 11.0 11.0 Can t remember 4 32 2.8 2.8 48
Q31 [Q30] If a direct presidential election (by popular vote) were held now, which presidential candidate would you vote for? If a direct presidential election (by popular vote) were held now, which presidential candidate would you vote for? Harri Holkeri 1 130 11.2 11.2 Kalevi Kivistö 2 67 5.8 5.8 Mauno Koivisto 3 693 59.7 59.7 Christoffer Taxell 4 45 3.9 3.9 Pekka Vennamo 5 5 0.4 0.4 Paavo Väyrynen 6 87 7.5 7.5 None of these 7 51 4.4 4.4 Can t say 8 83 7.1 7.1 [Q31] If an indirect presidential election (choosing the electoral college) were held now, please name the presidential candidate whose elector/party you would vote for? If an indirect presidential election (choosing the electoral college) were held now, please name the presidential candidate whose elector/party you would vote for? Harri Holkeri 1 182 15.7 15.7 Kalevi Kivistö 2 80 6.9 6.9 Mauno Koivisto 3 586 50.5 50.5 Christoffer Taxell 4 41 3.5 3.5 Pekka Vennamo 5 15 1.3 1.3 Paavo Väyrynen 6 103 8.9 8.9 None of these 7 49 4.2 4.2 Can t say 8 105 9.0 9.0 49
2. Variables [Q32_1] Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Harri Holkeri Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Harri Holkeri Increased my willingness to vote for him 1 149 12.8 12.8 Did not affect my willingness to vote for him 2 789 68.0 68.0 Decreased my willingness to vote for him 3 137 11.8 11.8 Can t say 4 86 7.4 7.4 [Q32_2] Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Kalevi Kivistö Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Kalevi Kivistö Increased my willingness to vote for him 1 55 4.7 4.7 Did not affect my willingness to vote for him 2 778 67.0 67.0 Decreased my willingness to vote for him 3 221 19.0 19.0 Can t say 4 107 9.2 9.2 [Q32_3] Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Mauno Koivisto Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Mauno Koivisto 50
Q36_1 Increased my willingness to vote for him 1 232 20.0 20.0 Did not affect my willingness to vote for him 2 743 64.0 64.0 Decreased my willingness to vote for him 3 138 11.9 11.9 Can t say 4 48 4.1 4.1 [Q32_4] Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Paavo Väyrynen Did the parliamentary elections last spring change your willingness to vote for: Paavo Väyrynen Increased my willingness to vote for him 1 71 6.1 6.1 Did not affect my willingness to vote for him 2 585 50.4 50.4 Decreased my willingness to vote for him 3 422 36.3 36.3 Can t say 4 83 7.1 7.1 [Q36_1] Influence of the party leader on party support: Kalevi Sorsa (Social Democratic Party of Finland) Influence of the party leader on party support: Kalevi Sorsa (Social Democratic Party of Finland) Increases support a lot 1 308 26.5 26.5 Increases support to some extent 2 439 37.8 37.8 No significance to the support 3 207 17.8 17.8 Decreases support to some extent 4 117 10.1 10.1 Decreases support a lot 5 20 1.7 1.7 Can t say 6 70 6.0 6.0 51
2. Variables [Q36_2] Influence of the party leader on party support: Ilkka Suominen (National Coalition Party) Influence of the party leader on party support: Ilkka Suominen (National Coalition Party) Increases support a lot 1 295 25.4 25.4 Increases support to some extent 2 462 39.8 39.8 No significance to the support 3 245 21.1 21.1 Decreases support to some extent 4 54 4.7 4.7 Decreases support a lot 5 12 1.0 1.0 Can t say 6 93 8.0 8.0 [Q36_3] Influence of the party leader on party support: Paavo Väyrynen (Center Party of Finland) Influence of the party leader on party support: Paavo Väyrynen (Center Party of Finland) Increases support a lot 1 0 Increases support to some extent 2 0 No significance to the support 3 0 Decreases support to some extent 4 0 Decreases support a lot 5 0 Can t say 6 0 System missing (SYSMIS). 1161 [Q36_4] Influence of the party leader on party support: Esko Helle (Democratic League of the People of Finland) Influence of the party leader on party support: Esko Helle (Democratic League of the People of Finland) 52
Q36_6 Increases support a lot 1 38 3.3 3.3 Increases support to some extent 2 228 19.6 19.6 No significance to the support 3 551 47.5 47.5 Decreases support to some extent 4 98 8.4 8.4 Decreases support a lot 5 22 1.9 1.9 Can t say 6 224 19.3 19.3 [Q36_5] Influence of the party leader on party support: Arvo Aalto (The Communist Party of Finland) Influence of the party leader on party support: Arvo Aalto (The Communist Party of Finland) Increases support a lot 1 74 6.4 6.4 Increases support to some extent 2 274 23.6 23.6 No significance to the support 3 420 36.2 36.2 Decreases support to some extent 4 189 16.3 16.3 Decreases support a lot 5 59 5.1 5.1 Can t say 6 145 12.5 12.5 [Q36_6] Influence of the party leader on party support: Pekka Vennamo (Finnish Rural Party) Influence of the party leader on party support: Pekka Vennamo (Finnish Rural Party) Increases support a lot 1 207 17.8 17.8 Increases support to some extent 2 430 37.0 37.0 (continued on next page) 53