Uudet teknologiat mitä mahdollisuuksia ja käytännön sovelluksia suoritusten seurantaan eri signaaleilla Vesa Linnamo Liikuntabiologian laitos Jyväskylän yliopisto
Maisterikoulutus Liikuntateknologia Vuokatti Tekniikan taustaopinnot (180 op) Liikuntabiologian laitos (120 op) Biomekaniikka Liikunta- fysiologia Valmennus- ja testausoppi
Vähäsöyrinki P., Komi P.V., Seppälä S., Kolehmainen V., Salmi J., Linnamo V. (2008) Effect of skiing speed on ski and pole forces in crosscountry skiing. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 40(6), 1111-1116, 2008. Mikkola J., Laaksonen M., Holmberg H-C., Nummela A., Linnamo V. (2013) Changes in performance and poling kinetics during cross-country sprint skiing competition using the double poling technique. Sports Biomechanics. 12(4): 355-364
2000 Free glide Glide & Pole Pre-load Kick Swing R Fz_ski (N) 300 0 0 200 0 100 0 2000 0 300 0 200 0 100 0 R Fy_ski (N) R Fz_Pole (N) R Fy_Pole (N) L Fz_ski (N) L Fy_ski (N) L Fz_Pole (N) L Fy_Pole (N) 1sec
Ohtonen O., Lindinger S., Linnamo V. (2013) Effects of gliding properties of cross-country skis on the force production during skating technique in elite cross-country skiers. Int. J Sports Sci. and Coaching. Vol 8, 2: 407-416 Ohtonen O., Lindinger S., Lemmettylä T., Seppälä S., Linnamo V (2013) Validation of portable 2D force binding systems for cross-country skiing. Sports Engineering. 16(4): 281-296 490 g / ski, based on strain gauges Vertical (z), horizontal (y) and lateral (x) direction
Force measurement equipment Pole force sensor Visual pace maker Binding plates
INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION Force variables - Average of 9 cycles Force (N) 2000 Peak vertical leg force 1000 Peak pole force 0 Peak lateral leg force 0 1 2 3 4 Time (s)
Ohtonen O., Linnamo V., Pohjola M., Göpfert C., Lemmettylä T., Rapp W. Lindinger S. Usage of 3D motion analysis system on challenging field conditions and the effect of fatigue on ski skating. XIII International Symposium on 3D Analysis of Human Movement, Lausanne July 2014
a b c d
Propulsive force Fproppole = Fpole *(Y poletop -Y poleend )/((X poletop - X poleend ) 2 +(Y poletop -Y poleend ) 2 +(Z poletop - Z poleend ) 2 ) ½ Fpropski = [( F1 cosαcosβ+ F2 sinβcosγ+ F3 sinαcosβ) * (X COM -X PFA ) * (Y COM -Y PFA )+( F1 cosαsinβcosγ- F2 cosβcosγ + F3 sinαsinβcosγ) * (Y COM -Y PFA ) 2 + (- F1 sinαcosγ- F2 sinγ+ F3 cosαcosγ) * (Z COM -Z PFA ) * (Y COM -Y PFA )] / ((X COM X PFA ) 2 + (Y COM Y PFA ) 2 + (Z COM Z PFA ) 2
Linnamo V., Ohtonen O., Mikkola J., Rauhamäki H., Lindell P-O., Lindinger S., Kuitunen S. Effects of rifle carriage on skiing biomechanics in biathlon. 6th Int. Congress on Science and Skiing. Dec, 14 19, 2013 St. Christoph, Austria. p 155
Inertial sensors 3D gyroscope 3D accelerometer 500 Hz 30g (Courtesy of Aminian & Chardonnens)
(Courtesy of Aminian & Chardonnens)
Fasel B., Favre J., Chardonnes J., Aminian K. A wearable system to measure speed and phase durations during each cycle of classical crosscountry skiing. 6th Int. Congress on Science and Skiing. Dec, 14 19, 2013 St. Christoph, Austria. p 17
Pääkkönen J., Karavirta L., Piirainen J., Linnamo V. (2014) Vertikaalihyppykorkeuden mittaaminen kiihtyvyysanturin avulla
EMG puku (Myontec)
Linnamo V., Halonen J., Ohtonen O., Lemmettylä T., Lindinger J., Rapp W., Häkkinen K. Biomechanics of double poling when skiing on snow and using an ergometer. 6th Int. Congress on Science and Skiing. Dec, 14 19, 2013 St. Christoph, Austria. p 84
EMG %MVC Triceps brachii EMG %MVC Latissimus * Ski Ergo ** * Ski Ergo Slow Mid High Max Slow Mid High Max EMG %MVC Hamstrings * Ski Ergo * Slow Mid High Max
Rapp W., Lindinger S., Lappi T., Ohtonen O., Linnamo V. Force production, balance control and muscle activation in different sitting positions pilot study for disabled sit sledge cross-country skiers. 6th Int. Congress on Science and Skiing. Dec, 14 19, 2013 St. Christoph, Austria. p 53
Maximum velocity at ergometer P=0,011
Virtuaaliolosuhteet Athene: Kajaanin ammattikorkeakoulu, Nurkkala V-M, Kalermo J ym.
Hakkarainen A., Mikkonen P., Ruotsalainen K., Honkanen H., Haukipuro T., Rajakangas L., Ohtonen O., Heikkinen T., Rantaharju T., Linnamo V. (2014) Development of special measurement system designed for cross country skiing Force, EMG, Air pressure, GPS data 16cm x 10 cm, n. 300g