Kestävän korjausrakentamisen tutkimusseminaari 20.4.2012

Kestävän korjausrakentamisen tutkimusseminaari 20.4.2012 Korjausrakentamisen potentiaalit ja taloudelliset vaikutukset Sakari Pulakka, VTT

2 Sisältö Kestävän korjausrakentamisen periaatteet Esimerkit energiatehokkaan korjausrakentamisen kustannusvaikutuksista Päiväkoti Saana Tyypilliset pien- ja kerrostalotyypit Asuinkerrostalokannan energiatehokkuuden parantaminen Suomi EU-27

Case Study project Opetushallitus, Finland 22.4.2012 3 Project stages Key decisions Clients/ Users US Design team DESIGN Construction BUILD Finance FINANCE Society APPROVAL Problem identificatio n (needs, etc.) Developing new kind of work place Developing architecture of the building Developing inner circumstances and energy efficiency Prevent of damage mechanisms of structures Technical and social issues Survey carried out by architect, condition surveyors and work place consults Defining performanc e criteria Performance criteria are based on problem identification..modelling possible alternatives for of renewed facade Design developmen t Work with all actors Evaluation simulation and testing Group analysis of comparison of alternative comparison and assessment of chosen solution. Constructio n Inspection has been carried out together during each work stage. Handover and evaluation Hand over documentation. Architect evaluated and compared results with predictions. Clients and Users Occupants Owner Design team: Architect modeller Construction sector: Surveyor (Architect) Finance Owner Society LA Building Regulations Officer High importance Low importance 1960-1970 luvun toimitaloille ominaista on heikosti toimiva työympäristö, alhainen laatútaso, korkeat energiakulutukset ja sisäilmaongelmat.

4 Päiväkoti Saanan korjausvaihtoehtojen taloudellisuus Helsinki Saana Total room-area 1 194 room-m 2 Basic energy renovation Maximal energy renovation Difference in heating energy consumption MWh/a -115-190 1. DIFFERENCE IN ACQUISITION COST Refurbishment of facades 457 m 2 15 000 15 000 Refurbishment of roof 1 130 m 2 25 000 25 000 Renewing of windows 137 m 2 21 000 Improvement of air-tightness 15 000 15 000 Improvement of heat recovery of ventilation 8 000 15 000 Indirect costs 7 000 9 000 TOTAL 70 000 100 000 TOTAL /room-m 2 70 100 2. DIFFERENCE IN LIFE CYCLE COST IN 20 YEARS Acquisition cost 70 000 100 000 Resale value -10 000-10 000 Financial cost 18 000 25 000 Heating cost (real rise of energy price + 4 %/a) -118 000-196 000 TOTAL -40 000-81 000 3. PAYBACK TIME y 15 14

5 Päiväkoti Saanan maksimitason energiakorjauksen elinkaarikustannuserot verrattuna tilanteeseen ennen korjausta nykyarvona (euroa/m2) energian reaalihintanousuin 0, 2 %/v ja 4 %/v 100 50 0 0 v 10 v 20 v 30 v -50-100 -150-200 0 % 2 %/v 4 %/v -250

6 Mecoren konseptit Required energy savings connected to necessary renovation: additional thermal insulation (100 mm) in connection to refurbishment of facades, improvement of air-tightness, adjustment of heating system. Demand to renewing of ventilation in connection to pipeline operations included in 25 % of renovations. Building with new ventilation and passive level envelop in connection to pipeline operations in 25 % of renovations in whole residential building stock Almost net zero energy building passive level envelope, mechanical ventilation with effective heat recovery and solar collectors for water heating, heat pump system, pellet system etc.

7 Tyyppipientalon korjausvaihtoehtojen taloudellisuus Detached house 1940-1959 107 room-m 2 Unit Basis Required energy savings Building with passive level envelope Almost net zero energy building Heating energy MWh/y 29,8 20,4 11,6 5,0 Electricity energy kwh/y 5,4 5,4 5,4 6,0 ECONOMICAL EFFECTS Difference in investment cost 21 400 42 900 64 200 Investment supports -2 100-4 300-6 400 Residual value (envelope) -5 300-10 600-10 600 Difference in financial cost /20y 5 400 10 700 16 100 Difference in heating cost /20y -28 200-54 600-74 400 Difference in electricity cost /20y 0 0 +1 800 Difference in Life Cycle Cost /20y -8 800-15 900-14 800 Difference in Life Cycle Cost /y -440-795 -740 Difference in Life Cycle Cost /room-m 2 /y -4,1-4,5-6,2

8 Tyyppikerrostalon korjausvaihtoehtojen taloudellisuus Residential block of flats 1970-1979 1 860 room-m 2 Unit Basis Required energy savings Building with new ventilation and passive level envelope Almost net zero energy building Heating energy MWh/y 309,5 278,5 153,2 75,0 Electricity energy kwh/y 58,3 58,3 58,3 62,9 ECONOMICAL EFFECTS Difference in investment cost 140 000 307 000 419 000 Investment supports -14 000-31 000-42 000 Residual value (envelope) -35 000-47 000-47 000 Difference in financial cost /20y 35 000 47 000 105 000 Difference in heating cost /20y -64 000-322 000-483 000 Difference in electricity cost /20y 0 0 +13 000 Difference in Life Cycle Cost /20y 62 000-46 000-35 000 Difference in Life Cycle Cost /y 3 100-2 300-1 750 Difference in Life Cycle Cost /room-m 2 /y 1,6-1,2-0,9

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10 Asuinrakennuskannan lämpöenergiantarpeen alentamispotentiaalit vuosittain Heating energy Heating energy Savings in energy consumptions TWh/y; consumption GWh/y; demand in present residential Demanded Recommended building stock renovation renovation 2030 actions concepts Residential building stock 2010 51 51 Reduction by building stock 2010-7 -7 0 % 2030 Renovated totally with demanded - 6-14 % energy saving actions 2013-2030 Renovated 50 % by new ventilation and -20-45 % and passive level envelope and 50 % to almost net zero energy buildings Residential building stock 2030 36 24

11 Asuinrakennuskannan energiansäästön mahdollisuudet ja vaikutukset Whole residential building stock Total area 266 000 mill. m 2 (2010), renovated area 140 000 m 2 by 2030. Renovated area in year mill. room- m 2 /y Corresponding annual heating cost savings in average mill. /y Extra investment costs caused by savings 2030 mill. /y Annual need for public support (10 15 % of investment) mill. /y Labour effects Person years/y Renovated totally with demanded energy savings Renovated totally by new ventilation and passive level envelope Renovated totally to almost net zero energy buildings Renovated 50 % by new ventilation and and passive level envelope and 50 % to almost net zero energy buildings 7,0-45 +650 65 100 9 000 7,0-70 +1 350 150 200 17 000 7,0-140 +2 750 270 400 31 000 7,0-105 +2 050 150 200 26 000

12 ERA-tavoitteet, koko rakennuskanta

13 Susref Korjauskonseptien elinkaarikustannukset

14 Area EU-27 Energiakorjausten vaikuttavuus EU-27 New inner insulation Cavity insulation External insulation Replacing renovation of facades and windows Energy price (average) e/kwh 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 Refurbished facades mill. facade-m 2 /y 90 145 90 Replaced facades mill. façade-m 2 /y 250 Replaced windows mill. window-m2 40 Corresponding floor area mill.floor-m 2 /y 110 175 110 300 695 Energy savings million kwh/y 3 100 3 500 4 400 13 500 24 500 Analysis period y 20 20 20 20 Rise of energy price: %/y 2 2 2 2 Total ECONOMICAL EFFECTS Difference in unit investment cost e/floor-m 2 25 30 40 60 Difference in investment cost mill.e/y 2 800 5 300 4 400 18 000 27 500 Difference in heating cost mill.e/20 y -6 200-7 000-8 800-27 000-49 000 Difference in financial cost mill.e/20 y 700 1 300 1 100 4 500 7 600 Difference in Life Cycle Cost mill.e/20 y -2 700-400 -3 300-4 500-10 900 Pay Back time years 11 18 11 16 18 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS Increase of labour Man years/y 36 000 69 000 57 000 234 000 396 000

15 EU-27 Kokonaisvaikutukset herkkyystarkasteluineen EU -27 Unit Basic analysis Pessimistic analysis (25% decreased volumes) The share of the Total investment cost that is allocated to mere energy renovation * Annual saving in energy cost (because of assumed refurbishment measures) (considering the real rice of energy costs) Difference in annual Life Cycle Cost in average (total) Increase of labour Optimistic analysis (25% increased volumes ) billion /year 28 21 35 billion /year -2,5-2 -3 billion /20 years Man years/year -11-8 -14 400 000 300 000 500 000

16 Kestävän korjausrakentamisen merkitys Vaikuttavuus Huomattava lämpöenergiankulutuksen aleneminen ja hiilijalanjäljen pieneneminen Huomattavasti parantunut elinkaaritaloudellisuus Riskit: Energiantuotannon muutosten hallittavuus Konsultointipalvelujen ja korjauskonseptien riittävä kehittyminen Korjattujen rakenteiden ja järjestelmien tekninen toimivuus Mahdollisuudet: Työllisyyden parantaminen ja siihen kytkeytyvän koulutuksen kasvattaminen Alueellisen rakentamisen ja energiantuotannon kokonaishallinnan kehittyminen

17 Arvoa tuottavan aluerakentamisen merkitys

18 Olennaisia vaatimuksia Korjausrakentamisen innovaatiotoimintojen kiihdytys Julkiset investointiavustukset ja verovähennykset kytkeytyen rakennusvalvonnan ohjaustoimeen Korjauskonsultoinnin osaamisen vahvistaminen Kestävien hankintojen vakiintuminen Vaihtoehtoisten korjauskonseptien kehitys ja tarjonta rahoitus- ja huoltopalveluin Käyttäjäopastuksen ja käyttäjän vaikutusmahdollisuuksien kasvattaminen Toimitalo-omistuksen toimintamallien kehittäminen ja vakiinnuttaminen; esim. Senaatti-kiinteistöjen ELVYKOR Elvyttävä korjausrakentaminen

19 VTT - 70 vuotta teknologiaa yhteiskunnan ja elinkeinoelämän hyväksi