Chemistry in Biomass Combustion ChemCom 2005-2007 Åbo Akademi (prof. Mikko Hupa) Teknillinen Korkeakoulu (prof. C-J. Fogelholm) Tampereen Teknillinen Yliopisto (prof. R. Hernberg) Umeå Universitet (prof. Rainer Backman) Tekes III Liekkipäivä 31.01.2007 Andritz Oy Foster Wheeler Energia Oy International Paper Inc. Metso Power Oy Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab Vattenfall Utveckling AB
ChemCom-projektin tavoitteet Projekti antaa tietoa polttotekniikkaan liittyvän kemian yksityiskohdista, jotka tulevat vaikuttamaan alan kehitykseen Projektin aiheet liittyvät alan pitkän aikavälin kysymysten selvittelyyn Tavoitteena ei siis ole polttotekniikoitten nykyisten akuuttien ongelmien ratkominen Projektin tulokset ovat pääsääntöisesti julkisia, m.m. väitöskirjatöitä
ChemCom-projektin organisaatio Fundamental Research on Chemistry in Biomass Combustion Project Steering Group Project Coordination (ÅA) Experiment Modelling Information Helsinki University of Technology Tampere University of Technology
ChemCom raportointi 1. Yrityksille, Tekesille ja tutkijoille: Sekä keväällä että syksyllä järjestetään semiinaari jonne kaikki projektin osallistujat kutsutaan. Uusimmat tulokset esitellään kahden-kolmen päivän aikana 2. Tekesille: Normaali raportointi Tekesin ohjeitten mukaan
ChemCom-projektin aiheet Biomass Black Liquor Waste Experiment Modelling Information E1 E2 E3 E4 M1 I1 I2 E5 E6 M2 I3 I4 E7 E8 M3
ChemCom-projektin osatyöt E1. Experimental combustion facilities for fuel characterisation E2. Experimental combustion analysis of black liquor E3. Experimental combustion analysis of biomass E4. Mineral Matter and Trace Elements in Biofuels E5. Fundamental study of high temperature corrosion mechanisms in biomass co-firing and black liquor combustion E6. Fly Ash Behaviour of Fuel Mixtures E7. Experimental black liquor spray characterisation (Järvinen, TKK) E8. In-situ diagnositics of biofuel combustion chemistry (Hernberg, TTY) M1. Application specific submodel development for CFD simulations (Järvinen,TKK) M2. Collection and improvement of thermodynamic data for trace metal prediction in combustion and gasification systems M3. Kinetic simulations for studying gas-phase combustion chemistry in biomass conversion systems I1. Extension and utilisation of the ÅA fuel-, char- and ash databases I2. Manganese (Mn) chemistry in biomass utilisation I3. Analysis and evaluation of novel chemical recovery processes I4. National and international collaboration
Tietokannat Fuel database -advanced fuel analysis data (~160 fuels) Fuel nitrogen database - NO formation tendencies of different fuels (20 fuels) Black liquor database - black liquor combustion characteristics data (~480 liquors) Black liquor deposit database - recovery boiler deposit data (~650 measurements) Deposit database - full-scale ash deposit data (~400 deposit analyses)
Fuel database - contents Standard fuel analyses - ash, moisture, C, H, O, N, S, heating value Fuel elemental analyses - Si, Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, S, Cl Elemental solubility analyses in H 2 O, acetate, and HCl solutions Elemental analyses of rest fractions Recently also added trace element analyses - As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, V, Zn Until today about 160 fuels in database
Fuel nitrogen database - contents Experimental data (gas atmosphere, temperature, bed material) Fuel analyses particle size ash, moisture, volatiles, C, H, O, N, S Volatile and char nitrogen NO formation About 20 fuels tested
Black liquor database - contents The database contains information about the black liquors that have been examined at Åbo Akademi with: Single Droplet Muffle Furnace Combustion times and swelling properties Single Droplet Reactor Video recording and On-line Gas Analyzers NO, SO 2, CO/CO 2 Furnace for Pyrolysis Experiments Pyrolysis yield Both background information and experimental data At the moment about 480 liquors
Black liquor deposit database -contents Operational data Boiler location Operating conditions (flue gas temperature, load) Probe parameters (ring surface temperature, exposure time, measurement point) Measured and analytical data Rate of deposit build-up (mm/h) Deposit analyses (wind, lee) Data from 1993 At the moment about 650 measurements Still under construction...
Tietokannat Fuel database -advanced fuel analysis data (~160 fuels) Fuel nitrogen database - NO formation tendencies of different fuels (20 fuels) Black liquor database - black liquor combustion characteristics data (~480 liquors) Black liquor deposit database - recovery boiler deposit data (~650 measurements) Deposit database - full-scale ash deposit data (~400 deposit analyses)
Deposit database - background Ash in boilers: may cause slagging, fouling and corrosion new fuels raise new problems Danish power station: SH after 1 week of coal firing /F.Frandsen DTU Ash Chemistry Course, October 1998/ 60 200 cm Short term, in-situ deposit sampling Surface temperature regulated sampling probe
Deposit database - contents Operational data Type and size of boiler (CFB, BFB, etc.) Plant operating conditions (load, bed and flue gas temp.) Probe parameters (ring temperature, exposure time) Measured and analytical data Rate of deposit build-up (g/m 2 h) Deposit analyses (wind, lee, and 50 deg. side) Fuel analyses Fly ash analyses Until today over 380 analysed deposits in database
The deposit database
Example 1 of results extracted from deposit database RBU, g/m 2 h 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Biomass Share thermal input Peat or Coal
Cl in deposits, weight-% 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Example 2 of results extracted from deposit database Wind side Lee side 0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Biomass Thermal share Peat or coal
Tietokantojen käyttötarkoitus 1. Tiedon säilyttäminen helposti käytettävässä muodossa lisätutkimusta varten 2. Yleistrendien tuottaminen eri polttoainetyyppien käyttäytymisestä 3. Vastata yhteystökumppaneitten spesifisiin tiedusteluihin
Åbo Akademi ChemCom:ssa 2006 Åbo Akademi Mikko Hupa Patrik Yrjas (from Aug. 2006) Christian Mueller (until Aug. 2006) Bengt-Johan Skrifvars Rainer Backman (presently at Umeå Uni.) Anders Brink Mikael Forssén Jukka Konttinen (presently at Carbona) Maria Zevenhoven Edgardo Coda Zabetta (presently at FW) Combustion and Materials Chemistry Prof. Mikko Hupa Combustion Chemistry Daniel Lindberg Mischa Materials Theis Chemistry (dissertation June 2006) Johan Werkelin Vesna Barisic (dissertation in Jan. 2007, presently at FW) Markus Engblom Micaela Westén-Karlsson Tarja Talonen Tor Laurén Ida Mann (presently at VTT) Kjell Strandström Bingzhi Li