Kaasutukseen perustuvat CHP-tekniikat. ForestEnergy2020 -tutkimus- ja innovaatio-ohjelman vuosiseminaari, Joensuu,

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1 Kaasutukseen perustuvat CHP-tekniikat ForestEnergy2020 -tutkimus- ja innovaatio-ohjelman vuosiseminaari, Joensuu, Ilkka Hiltunen

2 Biomass Gasification to Different Final Products OIL COAL BIOMASS WASTE/SRF Wide Feedstock basis GASIFICATION o C O 2 A I R S T E A M G A S C L E A N I N G SYNGAS (CO + H 2 ) FUEL GAS FT-diesel fuel Methanol, DME Gasoline, jet-fuel Hydrogen Synthetic methane Chemicals Industrial kilns Co-firing in boilers Gas turbines Engines Fuel cells High-efficiency Power and Heat

3 High-Efficiency Power from Biomass Gasification coupled to engines for small-scale plants MWe Micro-CHP based on downdraft gasifier, e.g. Volter Fluidized bed gasification CHP plants, e.g. Skive, Güssing Atmospheric fluidized-bed gasifier connected to boiler High efficiency Waste-to-Energy, Kyvo 2, Lahti Energia Biomass gasification to replace coal from PC boiler, Vaskiluodon Voima IGCC based on pressurised fluidised-bed gasification and hot filtration pilot-scale R&D by VTT in 1990 s for large scale of MWe new interests due to increasing need for green power

4 Power Production from Biomass Gasification based systems for different size classes Gasifier + fuel cell Gasifier + fuel cell + steam / GT-cycle Long-term Fixed-bed + stirling engine Fixed- / fluidised-bed gasifier + indirect gas turbine cycle Fixed/fluidised-bed gasifier + gas / diesel engine Simplified IGCC based on pressurized gasification and combined cycle Fixed-bed + steam cycle Atmospheric fluidised-bed gasifier connected to boiler Present 10 kw 100 kw 1 MW 5 MW 10 MW 50 MW 100 MW Power

5 Pienimuotoinen CHP-tekniikka: Puupohjaisten polttoaineiden kaasutus ja moottorivoimalaitos Sovellukset Kokoluokka 0-10 MW th, suuri potentiaali sähköä %, sähkö + lämpö n. 80 % Pienet kaukolämpölaitokset Sahat ja muu mekaaninen metsäteollisuus Pienimmässä kokoluokassa maatilat Kehitysmaiden ja kehittyvien maiden markkinat T&K-työ ja eri tekniikat Mikro CHP ( kwe): Useimmiten myötävirtakaasuttimia yhdistettynä yksinkertaiseen tuotekaasunpuhdistukseen Suurempi kokoluokka (2-10 MWe): Leijukerroskaasutus sekä monimutkaisempi kaasun puhdistus Vastavirtakaasutus ja monivaiheinen kaasun pesu

6 Perinteisen myötävirtakaasuttimen kaaviokuva Imbert kaasutin, Georges Imbert v. 1924

7 Volter Downdraft gasifier followed by gas purification and gas engine Dried and good quality wood chips as fuel Power output 30-40kW, heat output kw Five plants in Finland Contact: Source:

8 Spanner Re2 (DE) Myötävirtakaasutin, kaasun jäähdytin, pussisuodatin ja vapaasti hengittävä moottori Polttoaineena puuhake, palamainen, vähän hienoainesta ja maksimikosteus 15 % 30 kwe ja 45 kwe versiot 130 laitosta toimitettu (11/2012) ja uusia toimituksia noin 10 kpl/kk

9 Güssing biomass CHP plant Gussingin demo plant: Fuel capacity 8 MW Power 2 MW Electrical eff. 25 % Thermal eff. 56,3 % Investment 10 M, Share of and EC and national investment support 60 % Development steps: TUW- 10 kw TUW kw Gussing/Demo Commercial 2004 => Source: TU Vienna, Austria

10 Gasification CHP Plant, Denmark As result of Carbona s domestic and international R&D cooperation 6 MW POWER 12 MW DISTRICT HEAT BIOMASS GASIFIER TAR REFORMER SKIVE PROCESS DIAGRAM GAS FILTER GAS SCRUBBER 2 BOILERS TO STACK FLY ASH 2x10 MWth DISTRICT HEATING 12 MWth WATER AIR/STEAM GAS BUFFER TANK POWER 3x2 MWe BFB GASIFIER BOTTOM ASH GAS COOLERS 3 GAS ENGINES WOOD PELLETS FLARE 2 GAS BOILERS 3 GAS ENGINES

11 Waste-to-Energy by Gasification From: Ville Hankalin, Metso Nordic Bioenergy 2011, jyväskylä Realised as an EU-Demonstration project LahtiStreams, where VTT is responsible for supporting R&D activities

12 Large-scale Power with Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle - IGCC Pressurised Fluidised-Bed Gasification at 20 bar, o C Gas filtration at o C Combined Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine Process Developed and demonstrated in 1990 s Electric efficiency % Requires large-scale > 50 MW e Best potential for CO 2 reduction Market situation in Finland and Sweden was unfavourable in mid 1990 s - large scale projects were not realised Maybe times will be better for high-efficiency power in a near future? Biomass IGCC Demonstration Plant, Värnamo, Sweden

13 Biomass IGCC power plant Small CHP plant Power production: 7.4 MWe District heat: 8.5 MJ/s Electric efficiency: 40 % Large IGCC power plant Power production: 116 MWe Electric efficiency: 50 %

14 Ratkaisuja metsäenergian koko tuotantokäyttöketjuun Ilkka Hiltunen 14